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How To Navigate The Real Estate Assignment Contract

What is assignment of contract?

Assignment of contract vs double close

How to assign a contract

Assignment of contract pros and cons

Even the most left-brained, technical real estate practitioners may find themselves overwhelmed by the legal forms that have become synonymous with the investing industry. The assignment of contract strategy, in particular, has developed a confusing reputation for those unfamiliar with the concept of wholesaling. At the very least, there’s a good chance the “assignment of contract real estate” exit strategy sounds more like a foreign language to new investors than a viable means to an end.

A real estate assignment contract isn’t as complicated as many make it out to be, nor is it something to shy away from because of a lack of understanding. Instead, new investors need to learn how to assign a real estate contract as this particular exit strategy represents one of the best ways to break into the industry.

In this article, we will break down the elements of a real estate assignment contract, or a real estate wholesale contract, and provide strategies for how it can help investors further their careers. [ Thinking about investing in real estate? Register to attend a FREE online real estate class and learn how to get started investing in real estate. ]

What Is A Real Estate Assignment Contract?

A real estate assignment contract is a wholesale strategy used by real estate investors to facilitate the sale of a property between an owner and an end buyer. As its name suggests, contract assignment strategies will witness a subject property owner sign a contract with an investor that gives them the rights to buy the home. That’s an important distinction to make, as the contract only gives the investor the right to buy the home; they don’t actually follow through on a purchase. Once under contract, however, the investor retains the sole right to buy the home. That means they may then sell their rights to buy the house to another buyer. Therefore, when a wholesaler executes a contact assignment, they aren’t selling a house but rather their rights to buy a house. The end buyer will pay the wholesale a small assignment fee and buy the house from the original buyer.

The real estate assignment contract strategy is only as strong as the contracts used in the agreement. The language used in the respective contract is of the utmost importance and should clearly define what the investors and sellers expect out of the deal.

There are a couple of caveats to keep in mind when considering using sales contracts for real estate:

Contract prohibitions: Make sure the contract you have with the property seller does not have prohibitions for future assignments. This can create serious issues down the road. Make sure the contract is drafted by a lawyer that specializes in real estate assignment contract law.

Property-specific prohibitions: HUD homes (property obtained by the Department of Housing and Urban Development), real estate owned or REOs (foreclosed-upon property), and listed properties are not open to assignment contracts. REO properties, for example, have a 90-day period before being allowed to be resold.

What Is An Assignment Fee In Real Estate?

An assignment fee in real estate is the money a wholesaler can expect to receive from an end buyer when they sell them their rights to buy the subject property. In other words, the assignment fee serves as the monetary compensation awarded to the wholesaler for connecting the original seller with the end buyer.

Again, any contract used to disclose a wholesale deal should be completely transparent, and including the assignment fee is no exception. The terms of how an investor will be paid upon assigning a contract should, nonetheless, be spelled out in the contract itself.

The standard assignment fee is $5,000. However, every deal is different. Buyers differ on their needs and criteria for spending their money (e.g., rehabbing vs. buy-and-hold buyers). As with any negotiations , proper information is vital. Take the time to find out how much the property would realistically cost before and after repairs. Then, add your preferred assignment fee on top of it.

Traditionally, investors will receive a deposit when they sign the Assignment of Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement . The rest of the assignment fee will be paid out upon the deal closing.

Assignment Contract Vs Double Close

The real estate assignment contract strategy is just one of the two methods investors may use to wholesale a deal. In addition to assigning contracts, investors may also choose to double close. While both strategies are essentially variations of a wholesale deal, several differences must be noted.

A double closing, otherwise known as a back-to-back closing, will have investors actually purchase the home. However, instead of holding onto it, they will immediately sell the asset without rehabbing it. Double closings aren’t as traditional as fast as contract assignment, but they can be in the right situation. Double closings can also take as long as a few weeks. In the end, double closings aren’t all that different from a traditional buy and sell; they transpire over a meeter of weeks instead of months.

Assignment real estate strategies are usually the first option investors will want to consider, as they are slightly easier and less involved. That said, real estate assignment contract methods aren’t necessarily better; they are just different. The wholesale strategy an investor chooses is entirely dependent on their situation. For example, if a buyer cannot line up funding fast enough, they may need to initiate a double closing because they don’t have the capital to pay the acquisition costs and assignment fee. Meanwhile, select institutional lenders incorporate language against lending money in an assignment of contract scenario. Therefore, any subsequent wholesale will need to be an assignment of contract.

Double closings and contract assignments are simply two means of obtaining the same end. Neither is better than the other; they are meant to be used in different scenarios.

Flipping Real Estate Contracts

Those unfamiliar with the real estate contract assignment concept may know it as something else: flipping real estate contracts; if for nothing else, the two are one-in-the-same. Flipping real estate contracts is simply another way to refer to assigning a contract.

Is An Assignment Of Contract Legal?

Yes, an assignment of contract is legal when executed correctly. Wholesalers must follow local laws regulating the language of contracts, as some jurisdictions have more regulations than others. It is also becoming increasingly common to assign contracts to a legal entity or LLC rather than an individual, to prevent objections from the bank. Note that you will need written consent from all parties listed on the contract, and there cannot be any clauses present that violate the law. If you have any questions about the specific language to include in a contract, it’s always a good idea to consult a qualified real estate attorney.

When Will Assignments Not Be Enforced?

In certain cases, an assignment of contract will not be enforced. Most notably, if the contract violates the law or any local regulations it cannot be enforced. This is why it is always encouraged to understand real estate laws and policy as soon as you enter the industry. Further, working with a qualified attorney when crafting contracts can be beneficial.

It may seem obvious, but assignment contracts will not be enforced if the language is used incorrectly. If the language in a contract contradicts itself, or if the contract is not legally binding it cannot be enforced. Essentially if there is any anti-assignment language, this can void the contract. Finally, if the assignment violates what is included under the contract, for example by devaluing the item, the contract will likely not be enforced.

How To Assign A Real Estate Contract

A wholesaling investment strategy that utilizes assignment contracts has many advantages, one of them being a low barrier-to-entry for investors. However, despite its inherent profitability, there are a lot of investors that underestimate the process. While probably the easiest exit strategy in all of real estate investing, there are a number of steps that must be taken to ensure a timely and profitable contract assignment, not the least of which include:

Find the right property

Acquire a real estate contract template

Submit the contract

Assign the contract

Collect the fee

1. Find The Right Property

You need to prune your leads, whether from newspaper ads, online marketing, or direct mail marketing. Remember, you aren’t just looking for any seller: you need a motivated seller who will sell their property at a price that works with your investing strategy.

The difference between a regular seller and a motivated seller is the latter’s sense of urgency. A motivated seller wants their property sold now. Pick a seller who wants to be rid of their property in the quickest time possible. It could be because they’re moving out of state, or they want to buy another house in a different area ASAP. Or, they don’t want to live in that house anymore for personal reasons. The key is to know their motivation for selling and determine if that intent is enough to sell immediately.

With a better idea of who to buy from, wholesalers will have an easier time exercising one of several marketing strategies:

Direct Mail

Real Estate Meetings

Local Marketing

2. Acquire A Real Estate Contract Template

Real estate assignment contract templates are readily available online. Although it’s tempting to go the DIY route, it’s generally advisable to let a lawyer see it first. This way, you will have the comfort of knowing you are doing it right, and that you have counsel in case of any legal problems along the way.

One of the things proper wholesale real estate contracts add is the phrase “and/or assigns” next to your name. This clause will give you the authority to sell the property or assign the property to another buyer.

You do need to disclose this to the seller and explain the clause if needed. Assure them that they will still get the amount you both agreed upon, but it gives you deal flexibility down the road.

3. Submit The Contract

Depending on your state’s laws, you need to submit your real estate assignment contract to a title company, or a closing attorney, for a title search. These are independent parties that look into the history of a property, seeing that there are no liens attached to the title. They then sign off on the validity of the contract.

4. Assign The Contract

Finding your buyer, similar to finding a seller, requires proper segmentation. When searching for buyers, investors should exercise several avenues, including online marketing, listing websites, or networking groups. In the real estate industry, this process is called building a buyer’s list, and it is a crucial step to finding success in assigning contracts.

Once you have found a buyer (hopefully from your ever-growing buyer’s list), ensure your contract includes language that covers earnest money to be paid upfront. This grants you protection against a possible breach of contract. This also assures you that you will profit, whether the transaction closes or not, as earnest money is non-refundable. How much it is depends on you, as long as it is properly justified.

5. Collect The Fee

Your profit from a deal of this kind comes from both your assignment fee, as well as the difference between the agreed-upon value and how much you sell it to the buyer. If you and the seller decide you will buy the property for $75,000 and sell it for $80,000 to the buyer, you profit $5,000. The deal is closed once the buyer pays the full $80,000.

Assignment of Contract Pros

For many investors, the most attractive benefit of an assignment of contract is the ability to profit without ever purchasing a property. This is often what attracts people to start wholesaling, as it allows many to learn the ropes of real estate with relatively low stakes. An assignment fee can either be determined as a percentage of the purchase price or as a set amount determined by the wholesaler. A standard fee is around $5,000 per contract.

The profit potential is not the only positive associated with an assignment of contract. Investors also benefit from not being added to the title chain, which can greatly reduce the costs and timeline associated with a deal. This benefit can even transfer to the seller and end buyer, as they get to avoid paying a real estate agent fee by opting for an assignment of contract. Compared to a double close (another popular wholesaling strategy), investors can avoid two sets of closing costs. All of these pros can positively impact an investor’s bottom line, making this a highly desirable exit strategy.

Assignment of Contract Cons

Although there are numerous perks to an assignment of contract, there are a few downsides to be aware of before searching for your first wholesale deal. Namely, working with buyers and sellers who may not be familiar with wholesaling can be challenging. Investors need to be prepared to familiarize newcomers with the process and be ready to answer any questions. Occasionally, sellers will purposely not accept an assignment of contract situation. Investors should occasionally expect this, as to not get discouraged.

Another obstacle wholesalers may face when working with an assignment of contract is in cases where the end buyer wants to back out. This can happen if the buyer is not comfortable paying the assignment fee, or if they don’t have owner’s rights until the contract is fully assigned. The best way to protect yourself from situations like this is to form a reliable buyer’s list and be upfront with all of the information. It is always recommended to develop a solid contract as well.

Know that not all properties can be wholesaled, for example HUD houses. In these cases, there are often anti-assigned clauses preventing wholesalers from getting involved. Make sure you know how to identify these properties so you don’t waste your time. Keep in mind that while there are cons to this real estate exit strategy, the right preparation can help investors avoid any big challenges.

Assignment of Contract Template

If you decide to pursue a career wholesaling real estate, then you’ll want the tools that will make your life as easy as possible. The good news is that there are plenty of real estate tools and templates at your disposal so that you don’t have to reinvent the wheel! For instance, here is an assignment of contract template that you can use when you strike your first deal.

As with any part of the real estate investing trade, no single aspect will lead to success. However, understanding how a real estate assignment of contract works is vital for this business. When you comprehend the many layers of how contracts are assigned—and how wholesaling works from beginning to end—you’ll be a more informed, educated, and successful investor.

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An assignment clause (AC) is an important part of many contracts, especially for real estate. In this article we discuss:

• What is an Assignment Clause? (with Example)
• Anti-Assignment Clauses (with Example)
• Non-Assignment Clauses
• Important Considerations
• How Assets America ® Can Help

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an assignment clause.

An AC is part of a contract governing the sale of a property and other transactions. It deals with questions regarding the assignment of the property in the purchase agreement. The thrust of the assignment clause is that the buyer can rent, lease, repair, sell, or assign the property.

To “assign” simply means to hand off the benefits and obligations of a contract from one party to another. In short, it’s the transfer of contractual rights.

In-Depth Definition

Explicitly, an AC expresses the liabilities surrounding the assignment from the assignor to the assignee. The real estate contract assignment clause can take on two different forms, depending on the contract author:

• The AC states that the assignor makes no representations or warranties about the property or the agreement. This makes the assignment “AS IS.”
• The assignee won’t hold the assignor at fault. It protects the assignor from damages, liabilities, costs, claims, or other expenses stemming from the agreement.

The contract’s assignment clause states the “buyer and/or assigns.” In this clause, “assigns” is a noun that means assignees. It refers to anyone you choose to receive your property rights.

The assignment provision establishes the fact that the buyer (who is the assignor) can assign the property to an assignee. Upon assignment, the assignee becomes the new buyer.

The AC conveys to the assignee both the AC’s property rights and the AC’s contract obligations. After an assignment, the assignor is out of the picture.

What is a Lease Assignment?

Assignment Clause Example

This is an example of a real estate contract assignment clause :

“The Buyer reserves the right to assign this contract in whole or in part to any third party without further notice to the Seller; said assignment not to relieve the Buyer from his or her obligation to complete the terms and conditions of this contract should be assigning default.”

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Assignment provision.

An assignment provision is a separate clause that states the assignee’s acceptance of the contract assignment.

Assignment Provision Example

Here is an example of an assignment provision :

“Investor, as Assignee, hereby accepts the above and foregoing Assignment of Contract dated XXXX, XX, 20XX by and between Assignor and ____________________ (seller) and agrees to assume all of the obligations and perform all of the duties of Assignor under the Contract.”

Anti-Assignment Clauses & Non-Assignment Clauses

An anti-assignment clause prevents either party from assigning a contract without the permission of the other party. It typically does so by prohibiting payment for the assignment. A non-assignment clause is another name for an anti-assignment clause.

Anti-Assignment Clause Example

This is an anti-assignment clause example from the AIA Standard Form of Agreement:

” The Party 1 and Party 2, respectively, bind themselves, their partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives to the other party to this Agreement and to the partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives of such other party with respect to all covenants of this Agreement. Neither Party 1 nor Party 2 shall assign this Agreement without the written consent of the other.”

Important Considerations for Assignment Contracts

The presence of an AC triggers several important considerations.

Assignment Fee

In essence, the assignor is a broker that brings together a buyer and seller. As such, the assignor collects a fee for this service. Naturally, the assignor doesn’t incur the normal expenses of a buyer.

Rather, the new buyer assumes those expenses. In reality, the assignment fee replaces the fee the realtor or broker would charge in a normal transaction. Frequently, the assignment fee is less than a regular brokerage fee.

For example, compare a 2% assignment fee compared to a 6% brokerage fee. That’s a savings of $200,000 on a $5 million purchase price. Wholesalers are professionals who earn a living through assignments.

Frequently, the assignor will require that the assignee deposit the fee into escrow. Typically, the fee is not refundable, even if the assignee backs out of the deal after signing the assignment provision. In some cases, the assignee will fork over the fee directly to the assignor.

Assignor Intent

Just because the contract contains an AC does not obligate the buyer to assign the contract. The buyer remains the buyer unless it chooses to exercise the AC, at which point it becomes the assignor. It is up to the buyer to decide whether to go through with the purchase or assign the contract.

Nonetheless, the AC signals the seller of your possible intent to assign the purchase contract to someone else. For one thing, the seller might object if you try to assign the property without an AC.

You can have serious problems at closing if you show up with a surprise assignee. In fact, you could jeopardize the entire deal.

Another thing to consider is whether the buyer’s desire for an AC in the contract will frighten the seller. Perhaps the seller is very picky about the type of buyer to whom it will sell.

Or perhaps the seller has heard horror stories, real or fake, about assignments. Whatever the reason, the real estate contract assignment clause might put a possible deal in jeopardy.

Chain of Title

If you assign a property before the closing, you will not be in the chain of title. Obviously, this differs from the case in which you sell the property five minutes after buying it.

In the latter case, your name will appear in the chain of title twice, once as the buyer and again as the seller. In addition, the latter case would involve two sets of closing costs, whereas there would only one be for the assignment case. This includes back-to-back (or double) closings.

Enforceability

Assignment might not be enforceable in all situations, such as when:

• State law or public policy prohibits it.
• The contract prohibits it.
• The assignment significantly changes the expectations of the seller. Those expectations can include decreasing the value of the property or increasing the risk of default.

Also note that REO (real estate owned) properties, HUD properties, and listed properties usually don’t permit assignment contracts. An REO property is real estate owned by a bank after foreclosure. Typically, these require a 90-day period before a property can be resold.

How Assets America Can Help

The AC is a portion of a purchase agreement. When a purchase involves a commercial property requiring a loan of $10 million or greater, Assets America ® can arrange your financing.

We can finance wholesalers who decide to go through with a purchase. Alternatively, we can finance assignees as well. In either case, we offer expedient, professional financing and many supporting services. Contact us today for a confidential consultation.

What rights can you assign despite a contract clause expressly prohibiting assignment?

Normally, a prohibition against assignment does not curb the right to receive payments due. However, circumstances may cause the opposite outcome. Additionally, prohibition doesn’t prevent the right to money that the contract specifies is due.

What is the purpose of an assignment of rents clause in a deed of trust and who benefits?

The assignment of rents clause is a provision in a mortgage or deed of trust. It gives the lender the right to collect rents from mortgaged properties if the borrower defaults. All incomes and rents from a secured property flow to the lender and offset the outstanding debt. Clearly, this benefits the lender.

What is in assignment clause in a health insurance contract?

Commonly, health insurance policies contain assignment of benefits (AOB) clauses. These clauses allow the insurer to pay benefits directly to health care providers instead of the patient. In some cases, the provider has the patient sign an assignment agreement that accomplishes the same outcome. The provider submits the AOB agreement along with the insurance claim.

What does “assignment clause” mean for liability insurance?

The clause would allow the assignment of proceeds from a liability award payable to a third party. However, the insured must consent to the clause or else it isn’t binding. This restriction applies only before a loss. After a first party loss, the insurer’s consent no longer matters.

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Assignment of Contract – Assignable Contract Basics for Real Estate Investors

What is assignment of contract? Learn about this wholesaling strategy and why assignment agreements are the preferred solution for flipping real estate contracts.

Beginners to investing in real estate and wholesaling must navigate a complex landscape littered with confusing terms and strategies. One of the first concepts to understand before wholesaling is assignment of contract, also known as assignment of agreement or “flipping real estate contracts.”  

An assignment contract is the most popular exit strategy for wholesalers, and it isn’t as complicated as it may seem. What does assignment of contract mean? How can it be used to get into wholesaling? Here’s what you need to know.

What Is Assignment of Contract?

How assignment of contract works in real estate wholesaling, what is an assignment fee in real estate, assignment of agreement pros & cons, assignable contract faqs.

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Assignment of real estate purchase and sale agreement, or simply assignment of agreement or contract, is a real estate wholesale strategy that facilitates a sale between the property owner and the end buyer.

This strategy is also known as flipping real estate contracts because that’s essentially how it works:

• The wholesaler finds a property that’s already discounted or represents a great deal and enters into a contract with the seller,
• The contract contains an assignment clause that allows the wholesaler to assign the contract to someone else (if they choose to!), then
• The wholesaler can assign the contract to another party and receive an assignment fee when the transaction closes.

Assignment of contract in real estate is a popular strategy for beginners in real estate investment because it requires very little or even no capital. As long as you can find an interested buyer, you do not need to come up with a large sum of money to buy and then resell the property – you are only selling your right to buy it .

An assignment contract passes along your purchase rights as well as your contract obligations. After the contract assignment, you are no longer involved in the transaction with no right to make claims or responsibilities to get the transaction to closing.

Until you assign contract to someone else, however, you are completely on the hook for all contract responsibilities and rights.

This means that you are in control of the deal until you decide to assign the contract, but if you aren’t able to get someone to take over the contract, you are legally obligated to follow through with the sale .

Assignment of Contract vs Double Closing

Double closing and assignment of agreement are the two main real estate wholesaling exit strategies. Unlike the double closing strategy, an assignment contract does not require the wholesaler to purchase the property.

Assignment of contract is usually the preferred option because it can be completed in hours and does not require you to fund the purchase . Double closings take twice as much work and require a great deal of coordination. They are also illegal in some states.

Ready to see how an assignment contract actually works? Even though it has a low barrier to entry for beginner investors, the challenges of completing an assignment of contract shouldn’t be underestimated. Here are the general steps involved in wholesaling.

Step #1. Find a seller/property

The process begins by finding a property that you think is a good deal or a good investment and entering into a purchase agreement with the seller. Of course, not just any property is suitable for this strategy. You need to find a motivated seller willing to accept an assignment agreement and a price that works with your strategy. Direct mail marketing, online marketing, and checking the county delinquent tax list are just a few possible lead generation strategies you can employ.

Step #2: Enter into an assignable contract

The contract with the seller will be almost the same as a standard purchase agreement except it will contain an assignment clause.

An important element in an assignable purchase contract is “ and/or assigns ” next to your name as the buyer . The term “assigns” is used here as a noun to refer to a potential assignee. This is a basic assignment clause authorizing you to transfer your position and rights in the contract to an assignee if you choose.

The contract must also follow local laws regulating contract language. In some jurisdictions, assignment of contract is not allowed. It’s becoming increasingly common for wholesalers to assign agreements to an LLC instead of an individual. In this case, the LLC would be under contract with the seller. This can potentially bypass lender objections and even anti-assignment clauses for distressed properties. Rather than assigning the contract to someone else, the investor can reassign their interest in the LLC through an “assignment of membership interest.”

Note: even the presence of an assignment clause can make some sellers nervous or unwilling to make a deal . The seller may be picky about whom they want to buy the property, or they may be suspicious or concerned about the concept of assigning a contract to an unknown third party who may or may not be able to complete the sale.

The assignment clause should always be disclosed and explained to the seller. If they are nervous, they can be assured that they will still get the agreed-upon amount.

Step #3. Submit the assignment contract for a title search

Once you are under contract, you must typically submit the contract to a title company to perform the title search. This ensures there are no liens attached to the property.

Step #4. Find an end buyer to assign the contract

Next is the most challenging step: finding a buyer who can fulfill the contract’s original terms including the closing date and purchase price.

Successful wholesalers build buyers lists and employ marketing campaigns, social media, and networking to find a good match for an assignable contract.

Once you locate an end buyer, your contract should include earnest money the buyer must pay upfront. This gives you some protection if the buyer breaches the contract and, potentially, causes you to breach your contract with the seller. With a non-refundable deposit, you can be sure your earnest money to the seller will be covered in a worst-case scenario.

You can see an assignment of contract example here between an assignor and assignee.

Step #5. Receive your assignment fee

The final step is receiving your assignment fee. This fee is your profit from the transaction, and it’s usually paid when the transaction closes.

The assignment fee is how the wholesaler makes money through an assignment contract. This fee is paid by the end buyer when they purchase the right to buy the property as compensation for being connected to the original seller. Assignment contracts should clearly spell out the assignment fee and how it will be paid.

An assignment fee in real estate replaces the broker or Realtor fee in a typical transaction as the assignor or investor is bringing together the seller and end buyer.

The standard real estate assignment fee is $5,000 . However, it varies by transaction and calculating the assignment fee may be higher or lower depending on whether the buyer is buying and holding the property or rehabbing and flipping.

The assignment fee is not always a flat amount. The difference between the agreed-upon price with the seller and the end buyer is the profit you stand to earn as the assignor. If you agreed to purchase the property for $150,000 from the seller and assign the contract to a buyer for $200,000, your assignment fee or profit would be $50,000.

In most cases, an investor receives a deposit when the Assignment of Purchase and Sale Agreement is signed with the rest paid at closing.

Be aware that assignment agreements can have a bad reputation . This is usually the case when the end buyer and seller are unsatisfied, realizing they could have sold higher or bought lower and essentially paid thousands to an investor who never even wanted to buy the property.

Opting for the standard, flat assignment fee is much more readily accepted by sellers and buyers as it’s comparable to a real estate agent’s commission or even much lower and the parties can avoid working with an agent.

Real estate investors enjoy many benefits of an assignment of contract:

• This strategy requires little or no capital which makes it a popular entry to wholesaling as investors learn the ropes.
• Investors are not added to the title chain and never own the property which reduces costs and the amount of time the deal takes.
• An assignment of agreement is easier and faster than double closing which requires two separate closings and two sets of fees and disclosures.
• Wholesaling can be a great tool to expand an investor’s network for future opportunities.

As with most things, there are important drawbacks to consider. Before jumping into wholesaling and flipping real estate contracts, consider the downsides .

• It can be difficult to work with sellers and buyers who are not familiar with wholesaling or assignment agreements.
• Some sellers avoid or decline assignment of contract offers because they are suspicious of the arrangement, think it is too risky, or want to know who they are selling to.
• There is a limited time to find an end buyer. Without a reliable buyer’s list, it can be very challenging to find a viable end buyer before the closing date.
• The end buyer may back out at the last minute. This may happen if they do not have owner’s rights until the contract is assigned or they do not want to pay an assignment fee.
• Not all properties are eligible for wholesaling like HUD and REO properties. There may be anti-assignment clauses or other hurdles. It is possible to get around this by purchasing the property with an LLC which can then be sold, but this is a level of complication that many wholesalers want to avoid.
• Assignors do not have owner’s rights. When the property is under contract, investors cannot make repairs or improvements. This makes it harder to assign a contract for a distressed property in poor condition.
• It can be hard to confirm an end buyer is qualified. The end buyer is responsible for paying the agreed upon price set by the seller and assignor. Many lenders do not handle assignment agreements which usually means turning to all-cash end buyers. Depending on the market, they can be hard to find.

In the worst-case scenario, if a wholesaling deal falls through because the end buyer backs out, the investor or assignor is still responsible for buying the property and must follow through with the purchase agreement. If you do not, you are in breach of contract and lose the earnest money you put down.

To avoid this worst-case scenario, be prepared with a good buyer’s list. You should only put properties under contract that you consider a good deal and you can market to other investors or homeowners. You may be able to get more time by asking for an extension to the assignment of contract while you find another buyer or even turn to other wholesalers to see if they have someone who would be a good fit.

What is the difference between assignor vs assignee?

In an assignment clause, the assignor is the buyer who then assigns the contract to an assignee. The assignee is the end buyer or final buyer who becomes the owner when the transaction closes. After the assignment, contract rights and obligations are transferred from the assignor to the assignee.

What Is an assignable contract?

An assignable contract in real estate is a purchase agreement that allows the buyer to assign their rights and obligations to another party before the contract expires. The assignee then becomes obligated to meet the terms of the contract and, at closing, get title to the property.

Is Assignment of Agreement Legal?

Assignment of contract is legal as long as state regulations are followed and it’s an assignable contract. The terms of your agreement with the seller must allow for the contract to be assumed. To be legal and enforceable, the following general requirements must be met.

• The assignment does not violate state law or public policy. In some states and jurisdictions, contract assignments are prohibited.
• There is no assignment clause prohibiting assignment.
• There is written consent between all parties.
• The property does not have restrictions prohibiting assignment. Some properties have deed restrictions or anti-assignment clauses prohibiting assignment of contract within a specific period of time. This includes HUD properties, short sales, and REO properties which usually prohibit a property from being resold for 90 days. There is potentially a way around these non-assignable contracts using an LLC.

Can a non-assignable contract still be assigned?

Even an non-assignable contract can become an assignable contract in some cases. A common approach is creating an agreement with an LLC or trust as the purchaser. The investor can then assign the entity to someone else because the contractual rights and obligations are the entity’s.

Assignment agreements are not as complicated as they may sound, and they offer an excellent entry into real estate investing without significant capital. A transaction coordinator at Transactly can be an invaluable solution, no matter your volume, to keep your wholesaling business on track and facilitate every step of the transaction to closing – and your assignment fee!

Adam Valley

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Assignment of Contract

Jump to section, what is an assignment of contract.

An assignment of contract is a legal term that describes the process that occurs when the original party (assignor) transfers their rights and obligations under their contract to a third party (assignee). When an assignment of contract happens, the original party is relieved of their contractual duties, and their role is replaced by the approved incoming party.

How Does Assignment of Contract Work?

An assignment of contract is simpler than you might think.

The process starts with an existing contract party who wishes to transfer their contractual obligations to a new party.

When this occurs, the existing contract party must first confirm that an assignment of contract is permissible under the legally binding agreement . Some contracts prohibit assignments of contract altogether, and some require the other parties of the agreement to agree to the transfer. However, the general rule is that contracts are freely assignable unless there is an explicit provision that says otherwise.

In other cases, some contracts allow an assignment of contract without any formal notification to other contract parties. If this is the case, once the existing contract party decides to reassign his duties, he must create a “Letter of Assignment ” to notify any other contract signers of the change.

The Letter of Assignment must include details about who is to take over the contractual obligations of the exiting party and when the transfer will take place. If the assignment is valid, the assignor is not required to obtain the consent or signature of the other parties to the original contract for the valid assignment to take place.

Check out this article to learn more about how assigning a contract works.

Contract Assignment Examples

Contract assignments are great tools for contract parties to use when they wish to transfer their commitments to a third party. Here are some examples of contract assignments to help you better understand them:

Anna signs a contract with a local trash company that entitles her to have her trash picked up twice a week. A year later, the trash company transferred her contract to a new trash service provider. This contract assignment effectively makes Anna’s contract now with the new service provider.

Hasina enters a contract with a national phone company for cell phone service. The company goes into bankruptcy and needs to close its doors but decides to transfer all current contracts to another provider who agrees to honor the same rates and level of service. The contract assignment is completed, and Hasina now has a contract with the new phone company as a result.

Here is an article where you can find out more about contract assignments.

Assignment of Contract in Real Estate

Assignment of contract is also used in real estate to make money without going the well-known routes of buying and flipping houses. When real estate LLC investors use an assignment of contract, they can make money off properties without ever actually buying them by instead opting to transfer real estate contracts .

This process is called real estate wholesaling.

Real Estate Wholesaling

Real estate wholesaling consists of locating deals on houses that you don’t plan to buy but instead plan to enter a contract to reassign the house to another buyer and pocket the profit.

The process is simple: real estate wholesalers negotiate purchase contracts with sellers. Then, they present these contracts to buyers who pay them an assignment fee for transferring the contract.

This process works because a real estate purchase agreement does not come with the obligation to buy a property. Instead, it sets forth certain purchasing parameters that must be fulfilled by the buyer of the property. In a nutshell, whoever signs the purchase contract has the right to buy the property, but those rights can usually be transferred by means of an assignment of contract.

This means that as long as the buyer who’s involved in the assignment of contract agrees with the purchasing terms, they can legally take over the contract.

But how do real estate wholesalers find these properties?

It is easier than you might think. Here are a few examples of ways that wholesalers find cheap houses to turn a profit on:

• Direct mailers
• Place newspaper ads
• Make posts in online forums
• Social media posts

The key to finding the perfect home for an assignment of contract is to locate sellers that are looking to get rid of their properties quickly. This might be a family who is looking to relocate for a job opportunity or someone who needs to make repairs on a home but can’t afford it. Either way, the quicker the wholesaler can close the deal, the better.

Once a property is located, wholesalers immediately go to work getting the details ironed out about how the sale will work. Transparency is key when it comes to wholesaling. This means that when a wholesaler intends to use an assignment of contract to transfer the rights to another person, they are always upfront about during the preliminary phases of the sale.

In addition to this practice just being good business, it makes sure the process goes as smoothly as possible later down the line. Wholesalers are clear in their intent and make sure buyers know that the contract could be transferred to another buyer before the closing date arrives.

After their offer is accepted and warranties are determined, wholesalers move to complete a title search . Title searches ensure that sellers have the right to enter into a purchase agreement on the property. They do this by searching for any outstanding tax payments, liens , or other roadblocks that could prevent the sale from going through.

Wholesalers also often work with experienced real estate lawyers who ensure that all of the legal paperwork is forthcoming and will stand up in court. Lawyers can also assist in the contract negotiation process if needed but often don’t come in until the final stages.

If the title search comes back clear and the real estate lawyer gives the green light, the wholesaler will immediately move to locate an entity to transfer the rights to buy.

One of the most attractive advantages of real estate wholesaling is that very little money is needed to get started. The process of finding a seller, negotiating a price, and performing a title search is an extremely cheap process that almost anyone can do.

On the other hand, it is not always a positive experience. It can be hard for wholesalers to find sellers who will agree to sell their homes for less than the market value. Even when they do, there is always a chance that the transferred buyer will back out of the sale, which leaves wholesalers obligated to either purchase the property themselves or scramble to find a new person to complete an assignment of contract with.

Learn more about assignment of contract in real estate by checking out this article .

Who Handles Assignment of Contract?

The best person to handle an assignment of contract is an attorney. Since these are detailed legal documents that deal with thousands of dollars, it is never a bad idea to have a professional on your side. If you need help with an assignment of contract or signing a business contract , post a project on ContractsCounsel. There, you can connect with attorneys who know everything there is to know about assignment of contract amendment and can walk you through the whole process.

ContractsCounsel is not a law firm, and this post should not be considered and does not contain legal advice. To ensure the information and advice in this post are correct, sufficient, and appropriate for your situation, please consult a licensed attorney. Also, using or accessing ContractsCounsel's site does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and ContractsCounsel.

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Real Estate Definition: Assignment Sale

When a buyer enters into a purchase agreement for a pre-constructed or newly built property, they may find themselves in a situation where they no longer wish to proceed with the purchase. In such cases, the buyer can assign their rights and obligations under the agreement to a new buyer – and this is where an assignment sale comes in.

What is an Assignment Sale?

An assignment sale refers to a sales transaction in which the original buyer of a property (“assignor”) transfers their rights and obligations of the Agreement of Purchase and Sale to another buyer (“assignee”) before the original buyer takes possession of the property. The assignee then becomes responsible for completing the deal with the seller. Essentially, an assignment clause allows the buyer to sell the property before they move in. While assignment sales can occur with both homes and condos , they are more common among buyers of pre-construction condos.

Factors to Consider Before Entering an Assignment Sale

While assignment sales can be advantageous, it is crucial for both the original buyer and the new buyer to consider certain factors before entering into such transactions.

Developer’s Consent

Before proceeding with an assignment sale, you must obtain the developer’s consent. Some developers may have strict rules or restrictions, and failure to comply can lead to legal complications.

Assignment Fees

The assignor may charge an assignment fee to the new buyer for transferring their rights and obligations. This fee can vary depending on the market conditions and the specific terms of the Assignor-Assignee Agreement.

Legal Advice

Both parties should seek legal advice before entering into an assignment sale. This ensures that all parties understand their rights, obligations, and potential risks associated with the transaction.

How Does an Assignment Sale Work?

Before proceeding with an assignment sale, the original buyer must obtain the consent of the developer or builder. This step is crucial as some developers may have specific rules or restrictions regarding assignment sales. When the developer consents, the original buyer can look for a new buyer to take over the purchase agreement.

Once there’s a new buyer, both the original buyer and the new buyer (assignee) enter into an agreement known as the Assignor-Assignee Agreement. This agreement outlines the terms and conditions of the assignment sale, including the assignment fee, if any. Then, the developer will review the Assignor-Assignee agreement and may require additional documentation or fees.

Once the developer approves the assignment sale, the closing process begins. At this stage, the new buyer is responsible for completing the purchase, including paying any remaining balance to the developer.

Why Do Assignment Sales Happen?

One primary reason why assignment sales happen is a change of plans. People may decide to leave the area due to personal circumstances such as starting a family, getting married, or looking for job opportunities elsewhere. Additionally, some individuals may face financial challenges that prevent them from completing the purchase.

Alternatively, a common scenario involves investors who never intended to close on the property acquisition. A popular investment strategy is to purchase a property during its early release to take advantage of the emerging market and low pricing and sell it before incurring land transfer taxes, HST, or becoming tied to a mortgage.

Benefits of Assignment Sales

Assignment sales can offer several benefits to both the assignor and the assignee. Some of these benefits include:

Profit Potential

For the original buyer, an assignment sale provides an opportunity to make a profit without completing the purchase. If the market value has increased since the initial purchase agreement, the assignor can sell their rights at a higher price.

Opportunity for Early Ownership

The assignee can benefit from an assignment sale to gain early ownership of a pre-construction property. This can be particularly appealing for individuals looking to invest in real estate or those with specific requirements for a new home.

Flexibility

Assignment sales offer flexibility to both parties involved. The original buyer can exit the purchase agreement without incurring significant penalties, while the new buyer can secure a property without going through the entire pre-construction process.

How a Real Estate Agent Can Help You Navigate this Process

Assignment sales are a complicated process; working with an experienced real estate agent who can help you navigate and understand the ins and outs of this transaction is crucial. These professionals can not only assist you in marketing your assignment, but they can also overcome any limitations imposed by the builder. Moreover, agents have a vast network and can easily connect you with an interested buyer. Although assignment sales may seem daunting, having a skilled lawyer and an experienced realtor is a smart financial move!

The post Real Estate Definition: Assignment Sale appeared first on RE/MAX Canada .

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What Is an Assignment Sale? Understanding the Ins and Outs of This Real Estate Process

An assignment sale occurs when the original buyer of a property (the assignor) transfers their rights and obligations of the property contract to another buyer (the assignee) before the official closing of the sale.

This process allows the assignee to step into the original purchaser's shoes, taking on the commitments of the property purchase, which could be a pre-construction condo, house, or any other form of real estate.

Now, let's delve deeper into understanding how assignment sales work, their intricacies, and what they mean for buyers and sellers in the real estate market.

Demystifying the Elements of an Assignment Sale

Embarking on a real estate journey often introduces many terms and processes that may seem complex at first glance, with 'assignment sales' leading the pack in complexity and confusion.

Whether you're the original buyer looking to navigate away from closing costs or a savvy purchaser hunting for a valuable investment, understanding the nuts and bolts of assignment sales is an invaluable asset in the dynamic landscape of real estate.

How Assignment Sales Work

Assignment sales introduce a unique dynamic in real estate transactions, particularly in bustling markets like Vancouver Island and the Sunshine Coast .

When you buy a pre-construction unit, the property is yours, albeit not immediately ready for occupation. Life changes or financial circumstances sometimes evolve between the original purchase agreement and the final closing, necessitating a shift in plan.

Here's where assignment sales come into play. The original buyer can sell their interest in the property before the final sale, sidestepping typical hurdles like mortgage payments or land transfer taxes that come with a regular sale. This method provides a strategic avenue for purchasers to hand over their contractual obligations to another party without waiting for the property's completion.

The Assignment Clause: A Vital Cog in the Wheel

The assignment clause in the original contract is central to these types of transactions. This clause allows the transfer of the buyer's rights and responsibilities to another person.

It's crucial to understand that not all pre-construction sales agreements have an assignment clause, and most builders or developers might impose restrictions or require consent before any assignment deal can proceed.

Understanding the Financials: Costs and Fees

Engaging in assignment sales tends to involve several costs that both the buyer and seller must anticipate.

These include the assignment fee charged by the developer, legal fees for contract transfer, and possibly higher legal fees due to the complexity compared to a resale property. There could also be tax implications depending on the nature of the transaction and the parties involved.

Navigating Through the Interim Occupancy Period

A common scenario in assignment sales, especially in pre-construction condos, is dealing with the interim occupancy period.

This period arises when the assignee can take possession (though not ownership) of the unit while the property is not officially registered. During this phase, the assignee pays occupancy fees, akin to rent, which don't go towards mortgage payments.

Understanding this period helps both parties make an informed decision and prepare for the financial responsibilities it entails.

The Pros and Cons of Assignment Sales

Navigating assignment sales requires a balanced understanding of its advantages and drawbacks. While these transactions open avenues for lucrative deals and flexible arrangements, they also carry inherent risks and complexities that can impact buyers and sellers.

This exploration will provide clear insights, aiding your decision-making in the vibrant real estate market.

The Bright Side: Benefits of Assignment Sales

• Less Competition, More Opportunities: One advantage that makes assignment sales attractive, particularly in areas prone to bidding wars like Vancouver Island , is less competition. Fewer buyers are willing or informed about engaging in this kind of sales transaction, reducing the frenzy often seen in hot real estate markets. This situation can present a more favourable buying environment for those ready and willing to proceed with an assignment purchase.
• Potential for a Better Deal: For buyers, assignment sales sometimes offer the opportunity to get into a brand-new unit at a potentially lower cost. Since the assignee is stepping into an existing agreement, they might benefit from the original purchase price, which could be lower than current market rates, especially in fast-growing communities.
• Flexibility for the Original Buyer: For the original buyer, an assignment sale offers a way out, potentially recouping the deposit paid and avoiding financial penalties that might come with breaking a purchase agreement. This strategy can be particularly advantageous if the purchaser's circumstances change and needs to free up cash or avoid taking on a mortgage.

The Flip Side: Challenges and Risks of Assignment Sales

• Complexity and Higher Legal Fees: Assignment sales are not your straightforward real estate transaction. They require additional steps, such as securing the developer's consent, and the legal process is more complex than purchasing resale properties. As a result, both parties might incur higher legal fees to facilitate the transaction.
• Financial Overheads and Closing Costs: For the assignee, the initial cost outlay can be substantial for the assignee. They must reimburse the original buyer's deposit, pay the assignment fee, cover land transfer taxes, and prepare for other closing costs. These expenses require careful consideration and financial planning.
• Uncertainties and Marketing Restrictions: In some cases, developers impose marketing restrictions, making it challenging to advertise the assignment sale. Additionally, the assignee, now the new buyer, takes on certain risks like development charges or changes in market conditions, which could affect the property's value upon final closing.

Making the Move: Deciding If an Assignment Sale Is Right for You

Deciding to engage in an assignment sale is a pivotal moment, requiring a blend of financial foresight and market understanding.

As we delve into this decision-making process, we'll consider critical personal and economic factors that ensure you're making a choice that aligns with your real estate ambitions and lifestyle aspirations.

Conduct Due Diligence: Know What You're Getting Into

Involving real estate agents experienced in assignment sales is a prudent step for guidance through the intricacies of these transactions.

Also, consulting with a real estate lawyer ensures you understand the legalities, your rights, and any potential liabilities you might be assuming.

Consider Your Financial Standing and Long-Term Goals

Reflect on your current financial health and future plans.

For original buyers, if life changes dictate a change in your real estate investments, an assignment sale could be a viable exit. For potential assignees, consider whether this buying pathway aligns with your investment strategy and if you're comfortable with the associated risks.

Stay Informed About Market Conditions

Market dynamics greatly influence real estate valuations. A clear picture of current trends, especially in your buying area (like Fort St John or cities in the Okanagan ), helps make an informed decision.

Understanding these trends could offer insights into whether you're setting yourself up for a profitable investment or a potential financial misstep.

Bringing It All Home with LoyalHomes.ca

Navigating the world of assignment sales can be a complex journey, laden with opportunities and pitfalls. Whether you're considering selling your contractual rights or stepping into an existing purchase agreement, the route is layered with legal, financial, and market considerations.

At Loyal Homes, we understand that your real estate journey is more than just a transaction; it's a pivotal chapter in your life story. We're here to guide you through each step, ensuring you're equipped with the local, accurate, and relevant information to make decisions confidently. Our team is committed to providing a service that stands a notch above the rest, focusing on relationships and community at its core.

Ready to take the next step in your real estate adventure in British Columbia? Whether it's finding the perfect neighbourhood, exploring investment opportunities, or seeking your dream home, we're here to assist.

For a personalized experience tailored to your unique needs, consider our Personalized Home Search . If you're on the selling side and need to understand your property's current market standing, request a Free Home Valuation . Or, for any other inquiries or guidance, feel free to contact us . Your journey to a successful real estate experience in British Columbia starts with LoyalHomes.ca, where your peace of mind is our highest priority.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it good to buy an assignment sale.

Buying an assignment sale can be advantageous, offering lower purchase prices compared to current market rates for similar properties, especially in hot real estate markets. However, this venture also requires thorough due diligence to ensure that the agreement terms, property details, and financial implications align with your investment goals.

Can You Make Money on an Assignment Sale?

Yes, there is a potential to make money on an assignment sale, particularly if the property's value has increased since the original purchase date. This profit occurs due to appreciation over the period, especially in high-demand areas, but it's crucial to factor in any assignment fees, legal costs, and tax implications to understand the net gainfully.

What Are the Risks of Buying an Assignment Sale?

The risks include a lack of guarantees on the final product as specifications might change, potential delays in construction, and complexities in financing, often requiring a more substantial initial deposit. These elements underscore the importance of legal counsel to navigate contract specifics and to prepare for any contingencies or additional costs.

How Do I Sell My Pre-Construction Assignment?

Selling a pre-construction assignment involves marketing to potential buyers, typically requiring the developer's consent and possibly entailing a fee. Engaging with a real estate professional who understands the local market nuances and legalities of assignment sales is essential to ensure a smooth, compliant transaction.

Do I Pay Tax on Assignment Sale?

Tax implications on assignment sales can be multifaceted, potentially involving income tax on profits and GST/HST on the purchase, depending on factors like the property type and the seller's tax status. It's advisable to consult with a tax professional to accurately determine specific obligations and strategize for tax efficiency based on your circumstances.

What Is the Difference Between a Transfer and an Assignment?

A transfer and an assignment differ significantly; a transfer involves changing property ownership after a project's completion, whereas an assignment sells one's interest in a property before it's finished. Understanding this distinction is crucial as it affects the contractual obligations, rights transferred to the new buyer, and the legal and financial processes involved in the transaction.

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Assigning an Agreement of Purchase and Sale

Martin Rumack | Jul 26, 2016 | 0 comments

At its essence, an assignment of an Agreement of Purchase and Sale – informally known as “flipping a home” – is a simple concept: A buyer of a new home allows someone else to take over the purchase contract, which allows that person to buy the home.

More specifically, the original buyer enters into a formal Agreement of Purchase and Sale with a builder, and then allows another person – who we will call the “new buyer” – to step into his or her shoes through what is legally known as an “assignment” of that original agreement or offer to buy. The new buyer pays the original buyer a higher price than what was set out in that original agreement; the difference is the original buyer’s profit. All of this takes place after the original buyer has agreed to buy from the builder, but before the deal closes; the original buyer never takes title to the property.

This arises primarily with homes: For newly built homes with typically long closing dates (often 18 months or more), an assignment is particularly attractive in situations where the builder has already sold all of the units in the development early on, but where there is still demand for soon-to-be-completed homes and new condominium units in the development.

The assignment of a new condominium unit is also interesting for similar reasons, although the time frame may be significantly longer depending on when the assignment occurs. This puts the original buyer in position to make a profit by inflating the new price well above what he or she agreed to pay the builder in the first place.

What is the benefit to the new buyer? There can be several:

• The new buyer may be able to buy into a desirable neighbourhood at a time when there are no more units available to be purchased directly from the builder;
• Even taking the original buyer’s profit into account, the assignment may give the new buyer a price advantage over other properties that are currently on the market; and
• Depending on the timing of the assignment, the new buyer may be positioned to choose finishes and make minor changes to the yet-to-be-built home.
• Whatever the respective motivations of the original and new buyer, the assignment of an Agreement of Purchase and Sale has many specific features – and just as many potential pitfalls.

When can an agreement of purchase and sale be assigned?

Unlike the standard Ontario Real Estate Association (OREA) agreements, many builders’ own (customized) Agreements of Purchase and Sale contain a clause that generally prohibits the assignment of the contract outright – or else allows it only with strict conditions and in exchange for a significant fee payable to the builder.

In fact, the vast majority of new home or condominium-purchase agreements do not allow the original buyer to assign the contract to someone else and stipulate that any attempt by the buyer to do so, or to list the home for sale on the MLS system or otherwise, or else list the property for rent, will put the original buyer in breach of the agreement. This triggers the builder’s right, with notice, to terminate the original agreement, keep the original buyer’s deposit and seek additional damages from him or her. (And in most cases, the original buyer’s agreement is “dead”; he or she cannot go back and try to complete the transaction as if no assignment had taken place).

All of this means that anyone who has agreed to purchase a home from a builder should give careful consideration to, and should seek legal advice prior to signing the agreement, or in the case of condominium units during the 10-day cooling-off period in order to determine whether it’s possible to assign the agreement in the first place.

This in turn involves a careful review of the clauses in that agreement.

Typical (and not-so-typical) provisions

As a practical matter, there are as many variations in these types of provisions as there are builders.

Many Agreements of Purchase and Sale will include a largely standard “no assignment” clause, which disentitles the original buyer from “directly or indirectly” taking any steps to “lease, list for sale, advertise for sale, assign, convey, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of” the property or any interest in it.

A potential exception – and this is important – arises if the builder gives prior written consent, although in the more draconian version of these kinds of contract, that consent may be “unreasonably and arbitrarily withheld” by the builder, essentially on its whim. In other words, the buyer is not allowed to deal with the property, unless the builder pre-approves it in writing, but in many cases the builder has no obligation to give that approval and may withhold it for any reason whatsoever, including unreasonable and arbitrary ones.

(With that said, the “no assignment” clause in some agreements will allow for express exceptions or situations where the builder will not withhold consent, for example: a) assignments made to a member of the original buyer’s immediate family; or b) where the builder has determined that a sufficient and satisfactory percentage of the available units have already been sold).

The bottom line is that the basic clause in an Agreement of Purchase and Sale may or may not allow for the assignment of the agreement to a new buyer, and if it is allowed, it will be subject to specified conditions such as obtaining the builder’s written consent. Most agreements will embellish this basic clause by adding further written stipulations such as:

• Having both the original buyer and the new buyer sign an Assignment Agreement that has been drafted by the builder;
• Mandating the original buyer will not assign the agreement until the builder has managed to sell a certain percentage of the units in the overall development (for example, 85 or 90 per cent), and even then it must be with the builder’s written consent as usual;
• Requiring the original buyer to pay a fee to the builder of (for example) $5,000 plus taxes as part of obtaining the builder’s consent to the assignment;
• Requiring the original buyer to pay another fee plus taxes to the builder’s lawyer (ostensibly as a sort of “legal processing fee”);
• Getting the pre-approval of any lending institution or mortgagee that is providing funding to the builder for construction or otherwise;
• Assuming the builder agrees to the assignment in the first place, prohibiting any further assignments of the offer by the new buyer to any subsequent party;
• Confirming that the breach of any of the original buyer’s promises in relation to how and when an assignment can occur will be considered a breach of the whole agreement (and one that cannot be remedied); and
• Requiring the original buyer to confirm in writing that the property is not being purchased for short-term speculative purposes.

Note that even if the Agreement of Purchase and Sale does not expressly allow or provide for it in writing, some builders will permit an original buyer to make an assignment nonetheless. This is because it is always in the builder’s discretion to give up (usually for a fee) its right to technically insist on the purchase going ahead with the original buyer.

Getting the builder’s consent

It’s important to remember that, initially, the original buyer and the builder had a valid legal contract in place that obliged the buyer to purchase a home or condominium unit from the builder. That original buyer, for whatever reason – whether it’s a change of circumstances (such as a change in a marital situation, job transfer to another city, province or country; birth of children resulting in a home/condominium unit being too small for the buyer), cold feet, or simply the desire to make a profit – has subsequently decided to “sell” that right to buy to the new buyer.

To protect the builder, the assignment will contain clauses that are designed to safeguard the builder’s rights. The most important one is that, as discussed, the builder must give its written consent to the assignment. This will often involve specific builder-imposed requirements, fees and forms that must be completed.

Once consent has been obtained, there may be additional restrictions on the manner in which the original owner can market the property. For example, some builders will insist that the property is not to be listed on the MLS system (where it may be competing with the builder’s own listings for still-unsold homes and units in the same development); if the original owner does so nonetheless, it will be tantamount to a breach of the Agreement of Purchase and Sale, which could entitle the builder to damages, or rescission of the Agreement of the Purchase and Sale while retaining the deposits paid, as well as the monies paid for extras.

However, aside from any marketing/advertising restrictions that may be imposed, the original buyer must clearly indicate in any listing that it is an assignment of an Agreement of Purchase and Sale, not merely an ostensible sale from the original buyer.

Continuing liability after assignment

One key provision in the Agreement of Purchase and Sale – and one that is easy to overlook – may significantly impact whether an original buyer will want to assign his or her agreement at all.

Even though the original buyer has essentially transferred his or her right to buy the property to the new buyer, the original buyer is not fully off the hook. Rather, under the terms of the assignment document, the original buyer can remain liable to go through with the contract if the new buyer does not complete the transaction with the builder.

This written obligation appears in the original buyer’s Agreement of Purchase and Sale, and is couched in phrases that give the buyer continuing liability for the “covenants, agreements and obligations” contained the original agreement. But the net effect is that the original buyer remains fully liable should the agreement between the builder and the new buyer collapse. The agreement may also stipulate that the assignee, meaning the person receiving the benefit of the assignment (the new buyer) must sign an “assumption covenant”, which creates a binding contract between the new buyer and the builder.

(Incidentally, in contrast some builder’s agreements quite conveniently allow the builder itself to freely assign the agreement to any other builder registered with Tarion, which completely releases the builder from its obligations.)

The original buyer’s continuing liability under the Assignment Agreement is a major drawback in these types of arrangements. The original buyer always has to balance the risks and rewards inherent in this scenario.

Documenting the transaction

Assuming that the assignment of an offer is even permitted by the builder, then (as with all contracts) it must be documented to reflect and protect the legal right of the parties.

The technical aspects of an assignment require more than simply taking the original buyer’s Agreement of Purchase and Sale with the builder, scratching out his or her name, and replacing it with the new buyer. (Although, in some cases people do try to “squeeze in” assignment-of-offer terminology into a new Agreement of Purchase and Sale made out in the new buyer’s name – but this is definitely NOT recommended).

Rather, a properly documented transaction makes reference to the Agreement of Purchase and Sale between the original buyer and the builder, but adds a separate document called an “Assignment of Agreement of Purchase and Sale.”

OREA provides a standard form that can be used, although in many cases those builders who permit assignments will insist that the original buyer and the new buyer use the builder’s customized assignment forms, rather than the OREA standardized version.

The specifics of the deal – who pays what?

1) recouping the original buyer’s costs .

At the point where the assignment is being negotiated, the original buyer has typically paid a deposit to the builder, may have pre-paid for certain upgrades and extras and has a large balance owing. This means that in the course of striking a deal to achieve the assignment, the original buyer should give some serious thought to the various costs, fees, pre-paid deposits and tax repercussions of the deal, and how these should be reflected in the price that he or she will want the new buyer to pay under the Assignment Agreement. The timing of the payment(s) will also be a consideration.

For both original buyer and new buyer who are considering an assignment arrangement, here are some of the questions to ask:

• Does the price to be paid by the new buyer include any fee that the builder is charging in exchange for the original buyer’s right to assign the Agreement of Purchase and Sale?
• Does it include any deposits paid by the original buyer to the builder, after the agreement was signed? Does it include any interest that has been earned on those deposits?
• Does it clearly state that the new buyer will take over the entire contract, including the adjustments that are to be paid to the builder on closing? Or are those adjustments to be split between new and original buyer?
• Does the price include money paid by the original buyer for extras and upgrades?
• Are there any additional deposits that are still owing to the builder, under the original agreement?
• Who is responsible to pay the additional fee (the builder-imposed fee) in exchange for the builder giving consent? Usually this will be the original buyer, but the parties may negotiate otherwise.
• Does the new buyer agree to take on responsibility under the original agreement for making additional deposit payments until the final closing date (which may still be months or even years away)?
• Does the new buyer have a full understanding of the amount of all the adjustments that must be paid to the builder pursuant to the original agreement?
• If the original buyer has negotiated any special financial incentives into the Agreement of Purchase and Sale that has been reached with the builder, have these been addressed in terms of whether the new buyer will receive the benefit of them?

In any case, the final purchase price payable from the new buyer to the original buyer will typically be made up of:

• The outstanding balance owed to the builder by the original buyer, that will now be payable by the new buyer;
• The total deposits already paid by the original buyer to the builder;
• The total payments already paid by the original buyer to the builder for any upgrades and extras and
• The profit that the original buyer stands to make in the deal.

2) Deposits and interest on deposits

The treatment of deposits and the interest they may have earned merits a brief separate discussion.

Under virtually all Agreements of Purchase and Sale with builders, the original buyer will be required to pay a series of deposits to the builder, starting with the initial deposit paid when the agreement is signed and on a set payment schedule thereafter. The total of those deposits can be significant.

Once the agreement has been assigned to the new buyer, how those deposits are treated will form part of the negotiations. Typically, the original buyer will get those deposits back from the new buyer as part of the overall purchase price of the assignment transaction; he or she will usually receive them at the time the assignment agreement is entered into and the builder has consented to the assignment.

The potential problem with an Assignment Agreement is financing. The original buyer will want his deposit funds returned before closing, but if the new buyer does not have funds on-hand, he or she may find that financing is very difficult to obtain because banks do not advance mortgage funds at the time an Assignment Agreement is entered into; rather, the financial institution will provide funds only on final closing. This can serve as a roadblock to the new buyer’s ability to repay the deposits and potentially to embark on the transaction at all.

The question of who is entitled to the interest on any deposits pre-paid to the builder is also a topic for the original and new buyers to discuss. In many cases, the interest will be only a small amount (if any) and may be credited to the new buyer, rather than the original one. However, in cases where the original buyer has paid significant deposits over time, and where larger interest amounts have accrued, the parties may want to negotiate a different outcome.

3) Land Transfer Tax

When negotiating the deal, the original buyer and the new buyer must discuss the structure of the deal between them, to ascertain the exact selling price on which the Land Transfer Tax (and any Municipal Land Transfer Tax) should be payable; whether it is the original buyer’s price with the builder (net of HST and the HST New Housing Rebate, which is discussed below), or whether it’s the newly inflated price being paid by the new buyer under the assignment.

Generally speaking, it will be the latter, although in some assignment arrangements the parties have attempted to structure it so that they pay the Land Transfer Tax based on the lower initial price asked by the builder, while taking the position that difference between that and the increased price is merely the “fee” paid to acquire the original Agreement of Purchase and Sale entered into with the builder (thus avoiding having the tax calculated on the higher sale price).

In any case, once the Assignment Agreement is reached, it will be the new buyer who is obliged to pay Land Transfer Tax and any Municipal Land Transfer Tax on closing, not the original buyer.

4) HST and the HST New Housing Rebate 

The issue of how HST is to be treated in an assignment scenario is crucial, but is fraught with pitfalls.

The first issue is how HST on the transaction should be calculated. Because the new buyer’s price will inevitably be higher than the one the original buyer agreed to pay to the builder, there is an important issue as to whether the difference – meaning the original buyer’s profit – should be subject to HST (and if so, who will pay it in the transaction).

This determination hinges on whether the assignment is a “taxable supply” under the tax legislation and on whether the original buyer can be considered or deemed a so-called “builder” of the home for HST purposes. This, in turn, involves a number of complex legal concepts and factual findings – including the intentions of the original buyer as to whether the home is going to be a primary residence.

Next, there is the issue of the HST New Housing Rebate. In a typical scenario, the original buyer may have been entitled to the HST New Housing Rebate, based on meeting numerous qualifying requirements and stipulations. However, once he or she assigns the agreement, that eligibility is obviously lost because he or she is no longer taking title to the home on closing. Only one HST New Housing Rebate application per dwelling can be filed.

But once there has been an assignment, it is the new buyer’s circumstances that will determine whether the opportunity for an HST Rebate exists. He or she will have to meet the stipulated legislated requirements and may either apply directly to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), or arrange with the builder to have the rebate amount credited right at closing.

Note that the new buyer may want to take steps to protect his or her position in this regard. For example, when negotiating the Assignment Agreement, the new buyer should make the agreement conditional on receiving written confirmation from the builder that any HST New Housing Rebate will be credited to him or her on closing, assuming that the qualifying requirements are otherwise met. Otherwise, if this commitment is not in writing, the builder, being entitled to exercise its discretion on whether to credit the buyer with the rebate amount on final closing, can withhold it and force the new buyer to apply to CRA directly after closing. Obtaining this commitment in writing is especially important, given the likely lack of prior dealing between the builder and the new buyer.

Other things to consider:

1) who is responsible for the documentation.

In addition to ascertaining whether the original buyer or the new buyer will pay for certain items, it is also important to determine – in advance – which of them will take care of arranging the documentation. The questions to ask:

• Who will prepare the documents needed to achieve the assignment? And who will bear the cost?
• Will the builder’s lawyer prepare the builder’s needed consent to the assignment?
• Since the new buyer cannot renegotiate any of the provisions of the agreement that the original buyer entered into with the builder, are any of those terms objectionable, and if so, how will they be resolved and who will bear the cost?

As discussed, the Assignment Agreement will be conditional on the builder giving its consent. From the new buyer’s standpoint, it should also be made conditional on him or her giving close review to the original Agreement of Purchase and Sale (as signed by the original buyer), the Assignment Agreement, as well as any amendments, waivers, notices (and for condominium purchases, the Disclosure Statement). If for no other reason, it will give the new buyer a chance to consider the specific list of adjustments for which he or she will be responsible to pay on closing. Needless to say, this review should be undertaken with the guidance of an experienced lawyer.

Once the terms of the assignment are settled and the builder’s written consent has been obtained, the Assignment Agreement must be drafted and is attached to the original Agreement of Purchase and Sale that the original buyer entered into with the builder.

Incidentally, the builder may have certain requirements that must be incorporated into the process and accommodated as well. For example, the builder will require the new buyer to provide I.D. and will need confirmation that he or she has the financing required to close in place.

2) Tarion registration 

When negotiating the assignment arrangement, the original and new buyers must be aware of the impact of the New Home Warranty Program as administered by Tarion, particularly if the home being “flipped” is a condominium unit.

3) Financing

There may be financial issues for the new buyer to work out before the deal can go ahead.

As usual, the transaction may be conditional on financing, which will be arranged on the higher price that the new buyer has agreed to pay. However, since some mortgage brokers may be unfamiliar with financing an assignment transaction, getting approval for the new buyer’s purchase may be challenging. This is something that needs to be investigated long before the original buyer and the new buyer start their negotiations in earnest.

4) Commission

A final issue to be negotiated is who is paying the commission with respect to the Assignment Agreement transaction. This includes consideration of the specific commission rate, together with the details on how and when the commission gets paid.

While an Assignment Agreement can be beneficial to both the original and the new buyer – and even to the builder (in extra fees) there are many issues to be addressed and negotiated.

As an agent, make sure your client obtains legal advice prior to finalizing any agreement to assign the original Agreement of Purchase and Sale.

Be careful… be aware… and think!

• Agreement of Purchase and Sale

Toronto lawyer Martin Rumack’s practice areas include real estate law, corporate and commercial law, wills, estates, powers of attorney, family law and civil litigation. He is co-author of Legal Responsibilities of Real Estate Agents, 4th Edition, available at the TREB bookstore and at LexisNexis . Visit Martin Rumack’s website .

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• How It Works?
• frequently asked questions
• ASSIGNMENT SALE
• PRE CONSTRUCTION
• MORTGAGE BROKERS
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• Create a Listing

Assignment Sale

An assignment sale in the pre-construction market.

A contract to buy a  pre-construction condo  suite is sold in an assignment sale, or it is “assigned,” to another party. Since the pre-construction condominium has not yet been registered, an assignment sale is typically used to prevent anyone from purchasing the actual unit. The contract itself cannot be sold.

You will receive an assignment clause or right in the form of a contract when you buy a pre-construction condominium unit. Before the condominium is even finished, you can decide to sell your assignment.

• No property is being purchased by Assignee/Buyer from Assignor – A third party is selling the assignee the “right” to purchase their property (usually a builder)
• In the Original Agreement with the Builder, Assignor transfers its rights and interests (or original seller)
• Assignee “assumes” and undertakes to carry out all of the Assignor’s responsibilities under the Initial Agreement as the Assignor’s interest in the original “deposit” is assigned by the Assignor to the Assignee.

The ownership will be given to the buyer once the building has been constructed and registered by the city. Until, it is merely the sale of a contract, but as you shall see, both the buyer and the seller benefit greatly from these deals.

Learn more about  assignment sales  in this article, including their uses, how they work, and how they may be transferred.

This will enable you to decide if an assignment sale is the best option for you. 

What Is An Assignment Sale? Why Do These Kinds Of Sales Happen?

Assignment sale is selling your unit’s rights before it is constructed. There are a variety of reasons why someone might sale an assignment. For instance, someone might have purchased a suite that won’t be finished for three years, but they recently had to move for work. To buy a home in their new city, the buyer might have to sell their contract.

Another typical explanation is that a buyer started the purchasing process while still single but got married or learned they were expecting a child during the  pre-construction   phase. They have recently learned that the one-bedroom pre-construction suite they purchased is insufficient for a growing family.

When this occurs, the “assignment clause” in the purchase agreement is essential. It enables the first purchaser to transfer the contract to another party without incurring financial penalties.

However, whether you are the buyer or the seller, it’s crucial to engage with both an experienced realtor and lawyer who know how to safeguard your interests. These types of transactions are popular and completely legal.

The developer, the assignor, and the assignee are all parties to these arrangements, which are more complicated than a typical resale. Interim occupancy and the final closing are both parts of the two-stage procedure.

An Example Of An Assignment Sale

A simple assignment agreement would only include this. Additional information is provided regarding the mortgage rules and other contract specifics. This is just an overview; each arrangement is distinct and has its own set of guidelines, terms, and conditions.

We suggest that anyone considering buying or selling a pre-construction assignment consult with a real estate agent,  real estate lawyer , and tax accountant. Making contact with a lawyer is crucial since assignors can be responsible for paying a sizable tax on any gains they obtained from the completed transaction.

A pre-construction condominium suite was purchased by John Smith from ABC Developments in 2017 for $400,000 with a total down payment of 20%, or $80,000. In 2022, the project is expected to be finished.

John learned that he would be transferred to a different city in 2021. He's holding onto his condo under construction since he can't afford to buy a new house.

Fortunately for John, the assignment clause permits him to sell his unit's contract before the building is finished and registered!

John has decided to sell his unit's contract to Jane Doe. He was able to sell the contract for $500,000 as a result of market changes. Assignment Purchase: Assignment Agreement: $500,000 Original Purchaser (Assignor) = John Smith New Purchaser (Assignee) = Jane Doe Vendor (Builder) = ABC Developments John Smith's assignment purchase price to Jane Doe is $180,000, which is due immediately. The deposit is $80,000, and the profit is $100,000. This payment's amount and timing are also negotiable.

Jane Doe will occupy the unit for the tenancy period beginning in 2022 when the building is finished and available for interim occupancy. She will now start paying the developer occupancy fees. Until the building can be registered, these fees serve as a substitute for condo and mortgage payments. When a property is declared safe to reside in by the city, interim occupancy occurs. After the municipality conducts a final inspection, the building will be legally registered. Jane Doe can stay in her suite until the building is formally registered.

Assignment Specifics: When the building is legally registered by the city, the developer and the new purchaser transfer official title. Finally, Jane Doe can sign a mortgage document and begin making mortgage and condo payments. Jane Doe's required funds to finalize the transaction to the builder = $320,000 As a current owner, Jane Doe is entitled to all property rights. Any resale of the property in the future will be treated like any other real estate deal.

Is It Worth It to Buy an Assignment?

Because fewer individuals seek out these types of transactions, assignment acquisitions can provide some of the finest discounts in the GTA condo market. In addition to having fewer purchasers, many real estate agents are unfamiliar with the assignment sale’s format and frequently choose not to market these listings. Even lawyers might not be familiar with all the details of an assignment sale.

Due to the high demand in the resale market, buyers may be forced into competitive bidding situations where they may overpay for their suite. When you purchase a contract through assignment, you have the chance to avoid intense competition and frequently pay significantly less than you would for a resale unit.

Both the buyer and the seller may benefit from the assignment condo market. The buyer can save time and possibly thousands of dollars by not having to wait for the building to be finished before listing their property.

Another benefit of purchasing an assignment agreement is that you will receive a brand-new unit that is already covered by the Tarion Warranty Program, which has a seven-year duration. Not to mention that you won’t have to wait the customary 3 to 4 years for the building to be finished and will probably be able to move into the unit sooner!

Here Are a Few Benefits For Buyers to Review:

• Options: When there aren’t enough listings on the market, there are more options.
• Less competition: These kinds of listings are looked at by fewer people.
• Peace of Mind: There is less of a chance for a bidding battle when fewer people are seeing these sales. Bidding wars and spending more money than you can afford only to outbid another buyer can be avoided.
• You Become A VIP: You are likely to inherit builder-provided VIP benefits like the seven-year Tarion Warranty Program and other benefits including credits, upgrades, developing cost caps, and more.
• More Choices: You could still be able to choose your own finishes, colors, and upgrades depending on how far along construction is.
• Negotiate: Sellers typically have to sell in order to release their equity. You may be able to negotiate prices, deposits, and closing dates with this.
• Brand-new Condo: Instead of waiting 2 to 3 years like in a traditional pre-construction contract, you will receive your unit much sooner. The occupancy date is frequently just a few months away.
• Taxes: Saving money on taxes like GST and HST may also be advantageous to you.

Selling an Assignment

In the past, owners who wanted to sell their pre-construction condos had to hold off on listing their condo for sale until the final closing date, which may take months or years. They might have already invested a sizable sum of money in closing costs and occupancy fees by this time.

Although assignment sales are not a new technique in Canada, when compared to other nations where condos have been around for far longer, the process is not always fully understood by sellers, buyers, agents, lawyers, and even lenders. By learning about assignments, sellers have been saving time and increasing their revenues, which has been rewarding.

The popularity of these transactions is rising. Consider it similar to condo flipping. In order to get their deposits back, sellers who transfer their property rights before or during interim occupancy can avoid incurring significant carrying and closing charges.

The majority of builders allow assignment sales, however they frequently have requirements that must be followed. There are still options open to you despite the strict rules in place.

Let’s Take a Look at the Advantages for Sellers:

• Re-invest: You can withdraw your equity and reinvest in other projects.
• No Carrying Costs: Paying monthly expenses, such as occupancy fees, which can occasionally extend up to two years, is avoidable.
• No Closing Costs: There is no requirement for you to obtain a mortgage or pay any other closing fees.
• Play The Market: Profit from the rising condo market by selling the unit before it is completed and investing the proceeds back into another project. It is a major contributor to Toronto’s economy and is still growing.

Assignments Frequently Asked Questions

It is the sale of a contract to buy a unit that is still under construction. In other words, the contract or right to purchase the property after it is finished is being sold, not a unit that has already been completed. The initial buyer of a property (the “assignor”) transfers their contractual duties to a subsequent buyer (the “assignee”). In general, the assignee will take on all of the assignor’s responsibilities, including paying taxes, interest, and maintenance fees while the property is in transitional occupancy. Upon completion, the assignee receives the real estate’s title and is responsible for paying all closing costs.

It is allowed unless expressly banned in the original buy and selling agreement. In some circumstances, the assignor may be charged a fee by the developer for this form of sale.

It depends. For more information, refer to your purchase agreement. Developers typically won’t allow an assignment sale without their consent, so you’ll need to speak with them and a lawyer. There have been incidents where an unauthorized assignment sale led to the cancellation of the initial agreement and the preservation of the deposit!

If you are looking for an assignment sale network or premium platform to display, locate and access assignment sales and assignable preconstruction projects, place them with confidence, effectiveness, privacy, and security, try Assign Circle. Contact us or check our assignment sale packages for more information. 

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Assigning a Contract for Sale of Real Estate: Legal Process & Requirements

Ins outs assigning contract sale real estate.

As a law professional, navigating the intricacies of real estate contracts can be both challenging and rewarding. The process of assigning a contract for the sale of real estate is a particularly fascinating area of real estate law, with its own unique set of rules and considerations.

Understanding Contract Assignment

When a party to a real estate contract wishes to transfer their rights and obligations to another party, they may choose to assign the contract. This can be done for a variety of reasons, such as financial constraints or changes in personal circumstances.

important note not contracts assignable default. Some contracts may contain anti-assignment clauses, which prohibit the transfer of the contract to another party. In such cases, the original party must seek consent from the other party to proceed with the assignment.

Key Considerations

Before proceeding with a contract assignment, it`s crucial to carefully review the terms of the original contract and consider the following factors:

• Anti-assignment clauses
• Consent parties involved
• Liabilities obligations assignor
• Financial implications

Case Study: Smith v. Jones

A notable case realm contract assignment is Smith v. Jones , where court ruled favor assignor due lack anti-assignment clause original contract. This case serves as a reminder of the importance of thoroughly reviewing contract terms before initiating an assignment.

Statistics on Contract Assignments

According to recent data from the National Association of Realtors, contract assignments in the real estate industry have seen a 15% increase in the past year, indicating a growing trend in the market.

As legal professionals, delving into the complexities of contract assignments for real estate transactions offers a unique opportunity to navigate the intersection of law and business. By staying informed on the latest developments and case studies, we can better serve our clients and contribute to the dynamic landscape of real estate law.

Assignment of Contract for the Sale of Real Estate

This Assignment of Contract for the Sale of Real Estate (the “Assignment”) made entered [Date], between [Assignor], having principal place business [Address], [Assignee], having principal place business [Address].

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Assignment as of the date first above written.

Assigning a Contract for the Sale of Real Estate – Legal FAQ

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Federal Real Estate in a Turbulent Market, Part II

Special considerations for the purchase and sale of distressed assets leased to the government.

This is the second of a two-part series addressing special considerations for government lessors in the current commercial real estate market. Part I addressed the risks posed by government downsizing and early lease terminations. Part II discusses distressed assets and the unique challenges posed by distressed assets in two contexts: 1) lease expirations and government holdovers and 2) assignment of lessors' rights in the event of a change of ownership or assignment of claims.

As explained in detail below, distressed assets present a number of pitfalls and opportunities for lessors (and their lenders) with government tenants. The primary takeaway for all of the scenarios outlined below is that better outcomes will result from early, effective engagement and a sophisticated understanding of both the legal rules and the government's standard practices and policies.

Holdovers and Short-Term Extensions

Since the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic and the beginning of the government's return to office, there have been a number of acknowledgements from the White House, U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1 and U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) that agencies should pause and reflect upon their space needs moving forward. The practical result of these policies has been that agencies have, for the past few years, been revisiting and reconsidering their long-term space needs, and this has resulted in a slowdown or, in some instances a pause, in procurements for new space.

The government's decision to pause its long-term lease procurements could not have come at a more inopportune time for government lessors. As noted in Part I of this series, commercial office vacancy rates in some markets are the highest they have been in decades, and many commercial real estate loans are coming due in 2024 and 2025. Against this backdrop of difficulties in the commercial real estate market, uncertainty with respect to government tenants' intentions at lease expiration has lessors seeking to understand their rights and remedies. In particular, once a government tenant goes into holdover, it becomes even more difficult to market or refinance a distressed asset. And it makes it nearly impossible to plan for a follow on tenant or – as is common with distressed assets – a complete redevelopment.

What, then, are the landlord's remedies for government tenants in holdover? First, note that the government cannot be evicted, even in the event that it stays past the expiration of the lease term. Though there is an implied duty to vacate inherent in every lease, 2 a breach of this duty entitles the lessor only to monetary damages; eviction is unavailable as a remedy because it would constitute an order of specific performance of a contract obligation, and neither the U.S. Court of Federal Claims nor the Boards of Contract Appeals have jurisdiction to entertain such a request under the Contract Disputes Act. See Podlucky v. United States , 2021 WL 2627130, at *2 (Fed. Cl. June 21, 2021) ("Plaintiff is, essentially, asking the court to order defendant to specifically perform its obligations under the contract. But a request for specific performance is equitable in nature, and falls outside this court's jurisdiction."), aff'd , 2022 WL 1791065, at *1 (Fed. Cir. June 2, 2022); Harmonia Holdings Group, LLC v. United States , 157 Fed. Cl. 292, 301–02 (2021) ("[Plaintiff] cannot co-opt the Court's bid protest jurisdiction simply by reframing its claims as alleged violations of procurement law and requesting injunctive relief (which is not available under the CDA)." (emphasis added)); Tenaska Washington Partners II, L.P. v. United States , 34 Fed. Cl. 434, 443–44 (1995) ("[S]pecific performance is not a remedy available against the United States, because sovereign immunity has not been waived for such relief[.]"); Pellegrini v. United States , 103 Fed. Cl. 47, 55 (2012) ("Equitable relief is not available to enjoin an alleged taking of private property for public use, duly authorized by law, when a suit for compensation can be brought against the sovereign subsequent to the taking." (quoting Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co. , 467 U.S. 986, 1016 (1984) (citation omitted)).

However, landlords do have some small amount leverage in negotiating the terms of extensions and standstill agreements. First, in the event of a holdover, the lessor "is entitled to the fair market value of the premises for the holdover period less what GSA has paid appellant during the holdover period." 3 See Cafritz Co. v. GSA , GSBCA No. 13525-REM, 98-2 BCA ¶ 29,936 (Aug. 3, 1998) (citing Rupert v. GSA , GSBCA No. 10523, 93-1 B.C.A. (CCH) ¶ 25243 (June 30, 1992)) (emphasis added). Similarly, "[t]he rent in the lease is evidence of rental value, but a landlord may establish a rental value greater than [current contract] rent." See Rupert v. GSA , GSBCA No. 10,523, 93-1 BCA 25,243 (June 30, 1992). So, if the fair market value rent is significantly higher than the rent provided in the lease, then landlords have some leverage to negotiate favorable terms and conditions of any lease amendments that extend the term and keep the government out of holdover.

Next, there are internal policies and incentives in place at the GSA to encourage contracting officers to avoid holdovers. Following the release of a 2015 U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Report on the prevalence of short-term extensions and holdovers in GSA leasing, GSA committed to implement a program of setting goals for reductions in holdovers and, as part of that program, GSA maintains a "Key Performance Indicator" database that tracks holdovers and credits contracting officers who keep their leases out of holdover. This also provides the lessor with some amount of leverage to negotiate favorable extension terms.

So, while short-term lease extensions and holdovers are becoming more and more common, there is an opportunity for lessors to take advantage of the – admittedly limited – leverage these situations provide to negotiate rental increases and other concessions. 4 The best practice in this scenario is to identify expiring leases early, consider under what terms lease extensions might be acceptable and engage with government tenants and the contracting officer long before lease expiration. Lessors seeking to re-let the premises to other tenants or redevelop the property should ensure the government is aware of these plans and that any lease extension memorializes the potential impact a holdover would have. This may provide some entitlement to consequential damages in the event of a subsequent holdover.

Lessors should also be aware that the government's timeline for developing new lease requirements for succeeding leases begins three years out from lease expiration. This process involves a number of stakeholders – to include the tenant agency and its real estate and finance teams, as well as GSA – and typically includes a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether a succeeding lease would yield cost savings over a competitive procurement. See 48 C.F.R. § 570.402-6. Early in this period, engagement with the government can effectively shape the evaluation of succeeding leases versus competitive procurements.

Assigning Government Leases in Distressed Assets

Unlike traditional commercial leases, leases with the federal government cannot be assigned, either through sales contracts or through operation of law, in the event of a foreclosure or a receivership. A group of statutes, collectively referred to as the Anti-Assignment Acts, have been enacted to ensure the government doesn't run into a bait-and-switch scenario in which the government contracts with one entity, only to have it assign the contract to another. The statutes expressly prohibit any such assignment:

The party to whom the Federal Government gives a contract or order may not transfer the contract or order, or any interest in the contract or order, to another party. A purported transfer in violation of this subsection annuls the contract or order so far as the Federal Government is concerned, except that all rights of action for breach of contract are reserved to the Federal Government. 5

What this means as a practical matter is that unlike traditional commercial leases, the tenant – in this case, the federal government – has the authority to refuse to acknowledge a successor in interest to a landlord who no longer has title or control of the leased asset.

But while there is a blanket prohibition on the assignment of government contracts and leases, the law and the lease language provide three mechanisms for ultimate recognition of a new owner – or at least payment of rent – whether that owner obtains title through sale, foreclosure or some other operation of law: Novation, Assignment of Claims and Attornment.

Each of these three pathways for assignment of interest in a government lease has its benefits and drawbacks, and for each of these pathways to assignment, the status of a distressed asset can impact the cost-benefit analysis. For example, the question of whether the owner of a distressed asset remains solvent or has wound down its operations may impact whether and how the new owner or receiver seeks to execute a novation agreement – which typically must be executed by both parties to the transfer – or seeks another route.

Below, we describe each of these pathways and their requirements.

In light of the prohibition on unilateral assignment of government contracts and leases described above, the government has implemented a process to allow for assignment once both parties to the asset transfer and the government have all agreed on the terms of the transfer: novation. 6

The purpose of the novation process is to protect the government's interests. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) explicitly acknowledges this purpose at 48 C.F.R. § 42.1204(a), which gives the government the right to recognize a third party as the successor in interest to a government contract when it is in the government's interest to do so. Conversely, the government may exercise its discretion not to approve transfer of a lease or contract. Specifically, 48 C.F.R. § 42.1204(c) indicates that when it isn't in the government's interest to approve a transfer, the original party to the contract (which seeks to transfer the contract or lease) shall remain under contractual obligation to the government, and the contract or lease may be terminated should the original lessor or contract party not perform.

In practice, particularly in real estate, the government only very rarely refuses to recognize a successor in interest following the purchase and sale of real property that is leased to a government tenant once the prospective lessor has offered some evidence of the purchase and its ability to perform under the terms of the lease. But the process requires three parties to actively participate: the original lessor, the new lessor and the government.

For distressed assets, this process can become problematic. The original lessor may not be a willing participant in any assignment and, in some cases, the original lessor may no longer exist. Alternatively, the property may be managed by a receiver or a special servicer with legal authority to maximize the value of the distressed asset.

These situations will require deviation from the standard novation practices laid out in FAR Part 42.12. 7 First, the standard novation language may need to be amended from three-party form into a two-party form. Additionally, many of the required document submittals outlined in the lease and the FAR (parts 42.1204(e) and (f)) may not be available. 8 Finally, purchasers or lenders foreclosing on a borrower should consider whether they are willing or able to accept liability for all of the previous owner's acts and omissions, as the standard novation language requires.

The best way to approach the novation in the event of a sale of a distressed asset is to address these concerns early in the process. Novations often take several months to complete and, if there are any deviations from the standard language or deliverables based upon the distressed nature of the asset, the novation process can take even longer. Additionally, it is a best practice to engage early in obtaining a System for Award Management (SAM.gov) registration, as this can take several weeks (or longer) and is often the reason for delayed novation approvals; contracting officers cannot and will not recognize new lessors until they have completed this registration.

Assignment of Claims

Though assignment of government contracts is prohibited, the same statute that prohibits such assignments – 41 U.S.C. § 6305 – expressly allows for the assignment of rents due under a federal contract or lease. Specifically, this statute allows for the assignment of all rents due to "a bank, trust company, Federal lending agency, or other financing institution." Id .

The FAR 9 clause that implements this statute – 48 C.F.R. § 52.232-23 – provides as follows:

The Contractor, under the Assignment of Claims Act, as amended, 31 U.S.C. 3727, 41 U.S.C. 6305 (hereafter referred to as "the Act"), may assign its rights to be paid amounts due or to become due as a result of the performance of this contract to a bank, trust company, or other financing institution, including any Federal lending agency. The assignee under such an assignment may thereafter further assign or reassign its right under the original assignment to any type of financing institution described in the preceding sentence.

This right is permissive, meaning the lessor has the right to assign its rents at its discretion, provided such assignment is a complete assignment and is to a "bank, trust company, or other financing institution." Notably, the government does not have the right to refuse such a request, provided the assignee meets the criteria outlined in the clause. The statute provides that "an assignment under this subsection is a valid assignment for all purposes." 41 U.S.C. § 6305(b)(7).

GSA publishes a Leasing Desk Guide (LDG) that "contains authorities, policies, technical and procedural guides, and administrative limitations governing the acquisition by lease of real property" and that "appl[ies] to all PBS personnel engaged in the acquisition and administration of lease contracts." Id . The LDG also "applies to agencies leasing space under delegated authority from the General Services Administration (GSA)." This guide provides as follows with respect to the mechanics of assigning claims under GSA leases:

Note that the lease should not designate a different payee, except under rare circumstances where the lessor has designated a different payee through an Assignment of Claims . In such an instance, a Lease Amendment is necessary to process a change in payee. Such a change must be documented through a Lease Amendment, along with the executed Assignment of Clams. 10

In its LDG, GSA also provides a proposed subordination, nondisturbance and attornment (SNDA) agreement that addresses assignments of claims and rental payments, and this template confirms that the government will not recognize the lender as the payee until and unless the lessor and the government execute a lease amendment memorializing the assignment:

In accordance with Paragraph __ of the General Clauses of the Lease, Assignment of Claims, (48 C.F.R. 52.232-23) the Lessor may assign its rights to be paid to the Lender. Following such assignment, to be made in accordance with the Assignment of Claims Act, as amended, 31 USC 3727, and following the execution of a Supplemental Lease Agreement changing the named Payee in the Lease, the Lessee shall pay all rent and all additional rent to the Lender. Such assignment shall not be deemed to (a) cause the Lender to succeed to or to assume any obligations or responsibilities as the landlord under the Lease, all of which shall continue to be performed and discharged solely by the Landlord, or (b) relieve Landlord of any obligations under the Lease. 11

Finally, note that an assignment of claims does not allow the landlord and lender to avoid one of the more onerous obligations for government landlords: the SAM.gov registration. The FAR clause governing SAM registrations – 48 C.F.R. § 52.204-13, which is included in the General Clauses of GSA leases – provides that "Assignees [of claims] shall be separately registered in the SAM." Just as with more traditional novations, as a best practice, lenders anticipating either an assignment of claims or attornment (or both) should begin their SAM registrations sooner than later, as these can take several weeks to complete.

For distressed assets, there are a number of additional considerations that lessors and lenders should take into account. First, establishing the correct assignee may be difficult for assets in foreclosure, governed by receivership or under a special servicer arrangement; understanding the relationship and the order of precedence of the various stakeholders is key. Second, a lessor that is in default or has ceased functioning as a viable business may not be a willing participant in an assignment, in which case lenders should consider their rights to attornment, laid out below.

For lenders seeking to foreclose or to obtain a deed in lieu of foreclosure, there is a third option for recognition as the landlord: attornment. However, while government leases typically include a provision governing attornment (explained below), it's extremely rare to see the government take advantage of this option and treat lenders as the landlord without further action. Accordingly, lessors and lenders should not expect a simple attornment process and should instead plan on a traditional novation, albeit with some tailoring to address the unique circumstances surrounding the change in title.

First, most government leases 12 include a provision governing SNDAs 13 that provides as follows:

In the event of any sale of the premises or any portion thereof by foreclosure of the lien of any such mortgage, deed of trust or other security instrument, or the giving of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, the Government will be deemed to have attorned to any purchaser, purchasers, transferee or transferees of the premises or any portion thereof and its or their successors and assigns, and any such purchasers and transferees will be deemed to have assumed all obligations of the Lessor under this lease, so as to establish direct privity of estate and contract between Government and such purchasers or transferees, with the same force, effect and relative priority in time and right as if the lease had initially been entered into between such purchasers or transferees and the Government; provided, further, that the Contracting Officer and such purchasers or transferees shall, with reasonable promptness following any such sale or deed delivery in lieu of foreclosure, execute all such revisions to this lease, or other writings, as shall be necessary to document the foregoing relationship.

As a practical matter, the requirement that "transferees shall … execute all such revisions to this lease, or other writings, as shall be necessary to document the foregoing relationship" typically means that lenders seeking attornment or purchasers at a foreclosure sale will have to go through the novation process outlined above.

GSA's LDG confirms that the government will likely seek to effectuate a novation as part of the attornment process. In Chapter 17, it provides a draft SNDA agreement that states:

If the Lender forecloses the Loan or acquires title to the Real Property by deed in lieu of foreclosure, or in any other manner succeeds to the interest of the Lessor under the Lease, or if the Lender shall take possession of the Leased Premises, the Lessee shall attorn to the Lender as its Landlord under all of the terms, covenants, and conditions of the Lease for the balance of the term thereof remaining and any extensions thereof which may be effected in accordance with any option therefore as set forth in the Lease, with the same force and effect as if the Lender were the Lessor under the Lease. Such attornment shall be effective and self-operative immediately upon the Lender's succeeding to the interest of the Lessor, whereupon the Lessee shall recognize the Lender, or any person claiming by through or under the Lender (immediate or remote), as the lessor under the Lease without the execution of any further instruments on the part of any of the parties hereto. The Lease shall at all times continue in full force and effect, and the respective rights and obligations of the Lessee and the Lender upon such attornment shall be governed by the Lease. However, the Lessee agrees to execute, acknowledge, and or deliver to Lender any certificate or other instrument that Lender reasonably requests to confirm such attornment. Likewise, the Lender agrees to execute a Novation Agreement in the form required by FAR Part 42.12.

LDG, Ch. 17, Attachment 4 (emphasis added)

For distressed assets, the process can become more complicated. Specifically, nonfunctioning or defaulting lessors may be unable or unwilling to participate in the novation process or to execute the novation agreement, which typically requires commitments from both the current owner and prospective owner. Effective outreach to GSA contracting officers and counsel is vital in these cases, because it involves deviating from regulatory requirements and lease provisions.

Conclusion and Takeaways

The first and most important takeaway for exercising rights in connection with a distressed asset under a GSA lease is to understand those rights and the obligations that come with them. While these rights differ dramatically from typical commercial leases, there are nonetheless a number of powerful protections available for lessors and lenders.

Next, early and effective engagement with GSA will typically yield better outcomes. Once the parties identify a need for an assignment or an attornment, they should consider an immediate outreach to the contracting officer and – when appropriate – regional counsel.

Distressed assets present a number of unique challenges, but ultimately, those challenges have no impact upon the lessor's and lender's rights under the terms of GSA leases.

Holland & Knight's  GSA Leasing & Federal Real Estate Team is experienced and available to discuss how best to engage with the government to ensure a successful outcome when the lease involves a distressed asset. For more information, contact the authors. 

Part 1: When the Government Leaves Early , April 2, 2024

Part 2: Special Considerations for the Purchase and Sale of Distressed Assets Leased to the Government , August 15, 2024

1   OMB Agency-Wide Capital Planning Memorandum No. M-22-14 .

2  "The general rule is that 'an implied duty to vacate is an inherent part of every fixed term lease agreement unless the parties explicitly express an intention to the contrary.'" Allenfield Assocs. v. United States , 40 Fed. Cl. 471, 486 (1998) (quoting Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. v. United States , 801 F.2d. 1295, 1298-99 (Fed. Cir. 1986) cert. denied , 107 S.Ct. 1289 (1987)). For such a breach, the landlord's damages are calculated as the fair market rental value minus the rent actually paid. Cafritz Co. v. GSA , GSBCA No. 13525-REM, 98-2 BCA ¶ 29,936 (Aug. 3, 1998). In order to bring a suit against the government to recover these damages, lessors must adhere to the requirements of the Contract Disputes Act, discussed in Part I.

3  For many lessors, this remedy will not provide adequate redress, particularly in situations where the lessor seeks to either empty the building and redevelop the property or has a follow-on tenant waiting for the government to vacate the premises. Damages stemming from the lost opportunity for follow-on leases or redevelopment are called "consequential" damages, and it is difficult to recover these damages under applicable U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit precedent.

4  One concession lessors should consider is a one-time escalation of operating costs. Government leases typically escalate the operating costs portion of the rent using a Consumer Price Index (CPI) multiplier from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. This multiplier has not kept up with the pace of inflation of operating costs in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, energy costs in many markets have risen at a rate that exceeded the historical CPI multiplier, often dramatically. In light of this, the government may agree to an escalation in these costs, which will benefit lessors due to the continuing annual escalation of these costs.

5  41 U.S.C. § 6305.

6  For previous discussed the novation process in detail in partnership with LexisNexis, see Holland & Knight's previous guidance .

7  The standard GSA lease form L100 incorporates this portion of the FAR by reference.

8  While the standard GSA Lease form L100 expressly incorporates FAR Part 42.1204 in the "Change of Ownership" section, in practice GSA has adopted a Novation Checklist with an abbreviated set of deliverables that is more tailored to real estate transactions.

9  The FAR does not generally apply to leasehold acquisition (see 48 C.F.R. § 570.101(d) ), but government leases will often expressly incorporate FAR clauses that implement applicable statutory mandates, such as this one.

10  LDG, Ch. 17 at 17-25 (emphasis in original). The LDG also notes that "Regional counsel must be consulted prior to processing an Assignment of Claims." Id .

11   Id. at Attachment 4. This is not a lease or statutory requirement, but rather an internal GSA policy. As noted above, the statute expressly provides that "an assignment under this subsection is a valid assignment for all purposes" provided it meets the statutory requirements in 41 U.S.C. § 6305(b)(6)).

12  The language cited herein governing SNDAs comes from the GSA Form 3517B – General Clauses . The GSA serves as the procuring agency for most of the federal government's commercial office space leasing needs, as it possesses the statutory authority to enter into leases with terms of up to 20 years, while most other government agencies may only enter lease subject to annual appropriations, which has the practical effect of forcing other agencies into one-year lease terms with multiple one-year renewal options. Compare 40 U.S.C. § 585(b) (providing that the GSA administrator may enter into leases of up to 20 years) with 31 U.S.C. § 1341 (limiting the obligation of funds to existing (annual) appropriations).

13  The General Clause language governing SNDAs also provides that "[i]t is the intention of the parties that this provision shall be self-operative and that no further instrument shall be required to effect the present or subsequent subordination of this lease." However, the government also commits to executing other "reasonable" instruments upon request by the lessor and lender:

Government agrees, however, within twenty (20) business days next following the Contracting Officer's receipt of a written demand, to execute such instruments as Lessor may reasonably request to evidence further the subordination of this lease to any existing or future mortgage, deed of trust or other security interest pertaining to the premises, and to any water, sewer or access easement necessary or desirable to serve the premises or adjoining property owned in whole or in part by Lessor if such easement does not interfere with the full enjoyment of any right granted the Government under this lease.

In practice, the approval process can take significantly longer than 20 days, and it requires the approval of GSA regional counsel.

Information contained in this alert is for the general education and knowledge of our readers. It is not designed to be, and should not be used as, the sole source of information when analyzing and resolving a legal problem, and it should not be substituted for legal advice, which relies on a specific factual analysis. Moreover, the laws of each jurisdiction are different and are constantly changing. This information is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. If you have specific questions regarding a particular fact situation, we urge you to consult the authors of this publication, your Holland & Knight representative or other competent legal counsel.

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