a += b
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a %= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a <<= b
a >>= b
++a
--a
a++
a--
+a
-a
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b
~a
a & b
a | b
a ^ b
a << b
a >> b
!a
a && b
a || b
a == b
a != b
a < b
a > b
a <= b
a >= b
a[b]
*a
&a
a->b
a.b
a(...)
a, b
(type) a
a ? b : c
sizeof
_Alignof
(since C11)
for C++ operator precedence |
JavaScript Assignment Operators | Example | Explanation |
---|---|---|
= | x = 15 | Value 15 is assigned to x |
+= | x += 15 | This is same as x = x + 15 |
-= | x -= 15 | This is same as x = x – 15 |
*= | x *= 15 | This is same as x = x * 15 |
/= | x /= 15 | This is same as x = x / 15 |
%= | x %= 15 | This is same as x = x % 15 |
Javascript assignment operators example 2.
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The equal sign (=) is the only Transact-SQL assignment operator. In the following example, the @MyCounter variable is created, and then the assignment operator sets @MyCounter to a value returned by an expression.
The assignment operator can also be used to establish the relationship between a column heading and the expression that defines the values for the column. The following example displays the column headings FirstColumnHeading and SecondColumnHeading . The string xyz is displayed in the FirstColumnHeading column heading for all rows. Then, each product ID from the Product table is listed in the SecondColumnHeading column heading.
Operators (Transact-SQL) Compound Operators (Transact-SQL) Expressions (Transact-SQL)
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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.
Now that you've learned how to declare and initialize variables, you probably want to know how to do something with them. Learning the operators of the Java programming language is a good place to start. Operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands , and then return a result.
As we explore the operators of the Java programming language, it may be helpful for you to know ahead of time which operators have the highest precedence. The operators in the following table are listed according to precedence order. The closer to the top of the table an operator appears, the higher its precedence. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence. Operators on the same line have equal precedence. When operators of equal precedence appear in the same expression, a rule must govern which is evaluated first. All binary operators except for the assignment operators are evaluated from left to right; assignment operators are evaluated right to left.
Operators | Precedence |
---|---|
postfix | ++ -- |
unary | -- + - ~ ! |
multiplicative | |
additive | |
shift | |
relational | |
equality | |
bitwise AND | |
bitwise exclusive OR | |
bitwise inclusive OR | |
logical AND | |
logical OR | |
ternary | |
assignment |
In general-purpose programming, certain operators tend to appear more frequently than others; for example, the assignment operator " = " is far more common than the unsigned right shift operator " >>> ". With that in mind, the following discussion focuses first on the operators that you're most likely to use on a regular basis, and ends focusing on those that are less common. Each discussion is accompanied by sample code that you can compile and run. Studying its output will help reinforce what you've just learned.
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Table of Contents
Assignment Operators will work on values and variables. They are the special symbols that hold arithmetic, logical, and bitwise computations. The value which the operator operates is referred to as the Operand.
Read this article about Assignment Operators in Python
The assignment operator will function to provide value to variables. The table below is about the different types of Assignment operator
+= | will add right side operand with left side operand, assign to left operand | a+=b |
= | It will assign the value of the right side of the expression to the left side operand | x=y+z |
-= | can subtract the right operand from the left operand and then assign it to the left operand: True if both operands are equal | a -= b |
*= | can subtract the right operand from the left operand and then assign it to the left operand: True if both operands are equal | a *= b |
/= | will divide the left operand with right operand and then assign to the left operand | a /= b |
%= | will divide the left operand with the right operand and then assign to the left operand | a %= b |
<<= | It functions bitwise left on operands and will assign value to the left operand | a <<= b |
>>= | This operator will perform right shift on operands and can assign value to the left operand | a >>= b |
^= | This will function the bitwise xOR operands and can assign value to the left operand | a ^= b |
|= | This will function Bitwise OR operands and will provide value to the left operand. | a |= b |
&= | This operator will perform Bitwise AND on operand and can provide value to the left operand | a&=b |
**= | operator will evaluate the exponent value with the help of operands an assign value to the left operand | a**=b |
Here we have listed each of the Assignment operators
This assign operator will provide the value of the right side of the expression to the left operand.
This Add and Assign operator will function to add the right side operand with the left side operator, and provide the result to the left operand.
This subtract and assign operator works to subtract the right operand from the left operand and give the result to the left operand.
This Multiply and assign will function to multiply the right operand with the left operand and will provide the result in the left operand.
This functions to divide the left operand and provides results at the left operand.
This operator functions using the modulus with the left and the right operand and provides results at the left operand.
This operator will divide the left operand with the right operand, and provide the result at the left operand.
This operator will function to evaluate the exponent and value with the operands and, provide output in the left operand.
This operator will function Bitwise AND on both the operand and provide the result on the left operand.
This operand will function Bitwise OR on the operand, and can provide result at the left operand.
This operator will function for Bitwise XOR on the operands, and provide result at the left operand.
This operator will function by providing the Bitwise shift on the operands and giving the result at the left operand.
This operator will function Bitwise left shift by providing the Bitwise left shift on the operands and giving the result on the left operand.
To conclude, different types of assignment operators are discussed in this. Beginners can improve their knowledge and understand how to apply the assignment operators through reading this.
Q1. what is an assignment statement in python.
Ans. It will calculate the expression list and can provide a single resulting object to each target list from left to right
Ans. The compound operator will do the operation of a binary operator and will save the result of the operation at the left operand.
Ans. Simple Assignment Statements and Reference Assignment Statements are the two types of assignment statements.
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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
Operator | Example | Same As | Try it |
---|---|---|---|
= | x = 5 | x = 5 | |
+= | x += 3 | x = x + 3 | |
-= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 | |
*= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 | |
/= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 | |
%= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 | |
//= | x //= 3 | x = x // 3 | |
**= | x **= 3 | x = x ** 3 | |
&= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 | |
|= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 | |
^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 | |
>>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 | |
<<= | x <<= 3 | x = x << 3 |
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Operators are special symbols that perform some operation on operands and returns the result. For example, 5 + 6 is an expression where + is an operator that performs arithmetic add operation on numeric left operand 5 and the right side operand 6 and returns a sum of two operands as a result.
Python includes the operator module that includes underlying methods for each operator. For example, the + operator calls the operator.add(a,b) method.
Above, expression 5 + 6 is equivalent to the expression operator.add(5, 6) and operator.__add__(5, 6) . Many function names are those used for special methods, without the double underscores (dunder methods). For backward compatibility, many of these have functions with the double underscores kept.
Python includes the following categories of operators:
Assignment operators, comparison operators, logical operators, identity operators, membership test operators, bitwise operators.
Arithmetic operators perform the common mathematical operation on the numeric operands.
The arithmetic operators return the type of result depends on the type of operands, as below.
The following table lists all the arithmetic operators in Python:
Operation | Operator | Function | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|---|
Sum of two operands | + | operator.add(a,b) | |
Left operand minus right operand | - | operator.sub(a,b) | |
* | operator.mul(a,b) | ||
Left operand raised to the power of right | ** | operator.pow(a,b) | |
/ | operator.truediv(a,b) | ||
equivilant to | // | operator.floordiv(a,b) | |
Reminder of | % | operator.mod(a, b) |
The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The following table lists all the arithmetic operators in Python:
Operator | Function | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|
= | ||
+= | operator.iadd(a,b) | |
-= | operator.isub(a,b) | |
*= | operator.imul(a,b) | |
/= | operator.itruediv(a,b) | |
//= | operator.ifloordiv(a,b) | |
%= | operator.imod(a, b) | |
&= | operator.iand(a, b) | |
|= | operator.ior(a, b) | |
^= | operator.ixor(a, b) | |
>>= | operator.irshift(a, b) | |
<<= | operator.ilshift(a, b) |
The comparison operators compare two operands and return a boolean either True or False. The following table lists comparison operators in Python.
Operator | Function | Description | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|---|
> | operator.gt(a,b) | True if the left operand is higher than the right one | |
< | operator.lt(a,b) | True if the left operand is lower than right one | |
== | operator.eq(a,b) | True if the operands are equal | |
!= | operator.ne(a,b) | True if the operands are not equal | |
>= | operator.ge(a,b) | True if the left operand is higher than or equal to the right one | |
<= | operator.le(a,b) | True if the left operand is lower than or equal to the right one |
The logical operators are used to combine two boolean expressions. The logical operations are generally applicable to all objects, and support truth tests, identity tests, and boolean operations.
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
and | True if both are true | |
or | True if at least one is true | |
not | Returns True if an expression evalutes to false and vice-versa |
The identity operators check whether the two objects have the same id value e.i. both the objects point to the same memory location.
Operator | Function | Description | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|---|
is | operator.is_(a,b) | True if both are true | |
is not | operator.is_not(a,b) | True if at least one is true |
The membership test operators in and not in test whether the sequence has a given item or not. For the string and bytes types, x in y is True if and only if x is a substring of y .
Operator | Function | Description | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|---|
in | operator.contains(a,b) | Returns True if the sequence contains the specified item else returns False. | |
not in | not operator.contains(a,b) | Returns True if the sequence does not contains the specified item, else returns False. |
Bitwise operators perform operations on binary operands.
Operator | Function | Description | Example in Python Shell |
---|---|---|---|
& | operator.and_(a,b) | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1. | |
| | operator.or_(a,b) | Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1. | |
^ | operator.xor(a,b) | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1. | |
~ | operator.invert(a) | Inverts all the bits. | |
<< | operator.lshift(a,b) | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off. | |
>> | operator.rshift(a,b) | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off. |
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The concept of operator precedence and associativity in C helps in determining which operators will be given priority when there are multiple operators in the expression. It is very common to have multiple operators in C language and the compiler first evaluates the operater with higher precedence. It helps to maintain the ambiguity of the expression and helps us in avoiding unnecessary use of parenthesis.
In this article, we will discuss operator precedence, operator associativity, and precedence table according to which the priority of the operators in expression is decided in C language.
The following tables list the C operator precedence from highest to lowest and the associativity for each of the operators:
|
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|
1 |
| Parentheses (function call) | Left-to-Right |
| Array Subscript (Square Brackets) | ||
| Dot Operator | ||
| Structure Pointer Operator | ||
| Postfix increment, decrement | ||
2 |
| Prefix increment, decrement | Right-to-Left |
| Unary plus, minus | ||
| Logical NOT, Bitwise complement | ||
| Cast Operator | ||
| Dereference Operator | ||
| Addressof Operator | ||
| Determine size in bytes | ||
3 |
| Multiplication, division, modulus | Left-to-Right |
4 |
| Addition, subtraction | Left-to-Right |
5 |
| Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift right | Left-to-Right |
6 |
| Relational less than, less than or equal to | Left-to-Right |
| Relational greater than, greater than or equal to | ||
7 |
| Relational is equal to, is not equal to | Left-to-Right |
8 |
| Bitwise AND | Left-to-Right |
9 |
| Bitwise exclusive OR | Left-to-Right |
10 |
| Bitwise inclusive OR | Left-to-Right |
11 |
| Logical AND | Left-to-Right |
12 |
| Logical OR | Left-to-Right |
13 |
| Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
14 |
| Assignment | Right-to-Left |
| Addition, subtraction assignment | ||
| Multiplication, division assignment | ||
| Modulus, bitwise AND assignment | ||
| Bitwise exclusive, inclusive OR assignment | ||
| Bitwise shift left, right assignment | ||
15 |
| comma (expression separator) | Left-to-Right |
Easy Trick to Remember the Operators Associtivity and Precedence: PUMA’S REBL TAC where, P = Postfix, U = Unary, M = Multiplicative, A = Additive, S = Shift, R = Relational, E = Equality, B = Bitwise, L = Logical, T = Ternary, A = Assignment and C = Comma
Operator precedence determines which operation is performed first in an expression with more than one operator with different precedence.
Let’s try to evaluate the following expression,
The expression contains two operators, + (plus) , and * (multiply). According to the given table, the * has higher precedence than + so, the first evaluation will be
After evaluating the higher precedence operator, the expression is
Now, the + operator will be evaluated.
We can verify this using the following C program
As we can see, the expression is evaluated as, 10 + (20 * 30) but not as (10 + 20) * 30 due to * operator having higher precedence.
Operator associativity is used when two operators of the same precedence appear in an expression. Associativity can be either from Left to Right or Right to Left.
Let’s evaluate the following expression,
Both / (division) and % (Modulus) operators have the same precedence, so the order of evaluation will be decided by associativity.
According to the given table, the associativity of the multiplicative operators is from Left to Right. So,
After evaluation, the expression will be
Now, the % operator will be evaluated.
We can verify the above using the following C program:
Operators Precedence and Associativity are two characteristics of operators that determine the evaluation order of sub-expressions.
In general, the concept of precedence and associativity is applied together in expressions. So let’s consider an expression where we have operators with various precedence and associativity
Here, we have four operators, in which the / and * operators have the same precedence but have higher precedence than the + and – operators. So, according to the Left-to-Right associativity of / and * , / will be evaluated first.
After that, * will be evaluated,
Now, between + and – , + will be evaluated due to Left-to-Right associativity.
At last, – will be evaluated.
Again, we can verify this using the following C program.
100 + 200 / 10 – 3 * 10 = 90
There are a few important points and cases that we need to remember for operator associativity and precedence which are as follows:
The point to note is associativity doesn’t define the order in which operands of a single operator are evaluated. For example, consider the following program, associativity of the + operator is left to right, but it doesn’t mean f1() is always called before f2(). The output of the following program is in-fact compiler-dependent.
See this for details.
Parenthesis ( ) got the highest priority among all the C operators. So, if we want to change the order of evaluation in an expression, we can enclose that particular operator in ( ) parenthesis along with its operands.
Consider the given expression
But if we enclose 100 + 200 in parenthesis, then the result will be different.
As the + operator will be evaluated before / operator.
This is necessary, otherwise, there won’t be any way for the compiler to decide the evaluation order of expressions that have two operators of the same precedence and different associativity. For example + and – have the same associativity.
The precedence of postfix ++ is more than prefix ++, their associativity is also different. The associativity of postfix ++ is left to right and the associativity of prefix ++ is right to left. See this for examples.
For example, consider the following program, the output is 1.
See this , this for more details.
In Python, an expression like “c > b > a” is treated as “c > b and b > a”, but this type of chaining doesn’t happen in C. For example, consider the following program. The output of the following program is “FALSE”.
It is necessary to know the precedence and associativity for the efficient usage of operators. It allows us to write clean expressions by avoiding the use of unnecessary parenthesis. Also, it is the same for all the C compilers so it also allows us to understand the expressions in the code written by other programmers.
Also, when confused about or want to change the order of evaluation, we can always rely on parenthesis ( ) . The advantage of brackets is that the reader doesn’t have to see the table to find out the order.
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Assignment Operators in C
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Assignment Operators In C
This is a list of operators in the C and C++ programming languages.All the operators (except typeof) listed exist in C++; the column "Included in C", states whether an operator is also present in C. Note that C does not support operator overloading.. When not overloaded, for the operators &&, ||, and , (the comma operator), there is a sequence point after the evaluation of the first operand.
SET @MyCounter = 1; The assignment operator can also be used to establish the relationship between a column heading and the expression that defines the values for the column. The following example displays the column headings FirstColumnHeading and SecondColumnHeading. The string xyz is displayed in the FirstColumnHeading column heading for all ...
Note: The compound assignment operator in Java performs implicit type casting. Let's consider a scenario where x is an int variable with a value of 5. int x = 5; If you want to add the double value 4.5 to the integer variable x and print its value, there are two methods to achieve this: Method 1: x = x + 4.5. Method 2: x += 4.5.
The operators in the following table are listed according to precedence order. The closer to the top of the table an operator appears, the higher its precedence. ... In general-purpose programming, certain operators tend to appear more frequently than others; for example, the assignment operator "=" is far more common than the unsigned right ...
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