critical thinking summary essay

How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Steps & Example

Critical thinking is a powerful skill that helps you analyze information and form well-reasoned arguments. As a matter of fact, the human brain uses more energy when critically thinking than when relaxing. This article will guide you through the steps of writing a successful critical thinking essay.

In this article, you will learn:

• How to craft a strong essay
• The importance of these essays
• The structure with an example
• Valuable bonus tips to strengthen your writing

By following these steps and incorporating the provided information, you'll be well on your way to writing impressive essays. If you need further guidance, always count on our fast essay writing service .

What is Critical Thinking Essay

A critical thinking essay is a type of writing where you analyze a topic thoroughly. You'll consider different viewpoints, evaluate evidence from studies or expert opinions, and form your own well-reasoned conclusion. Here, you need to look at an issue from all angles before deciding where you stand. This type of essay goes beyond memorizing facts. It actively engages with information, questions assumptions, and develops your own thoughtful perspective.

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Importance of Critical Thinking and Its Use in Writing

Critical thinking is a skill that benefits all types of writing, not just essays. It helps you become a more informed and effective communicator. Here's why it's important:

• Stronger Arguments: Critical thinking helps you build solid arguments. You won't just state your opinion but back it up with evidence and consider opposing viewpoints. This makes your writing more persuasive and convincing.
• Deeper Understanding: When writing a critical thinking essay, you'll analyze information, identify biases, and think about the bigger picture. This leads to a richer understanding of the topic and a more insightful essay.
• Clearer Communication: By organizing your thoughts critically, your writing becomes clearer and more focused. You'll present your ideas in a logical order, making it easier for readers to follow your argument.
• Spotting Fake News: Critical thinking skills help you evaluate the information you encounter online and in the world around you. You'll be better equipped to identify unreliable sources and biased information, making you a more discerning reader and writer.
• Improved Problem-Solving: Critical thinking helps you approach challenges thoughtfully. As you write, you'll learn to analyze complex issues, consider different solutions, and ultimately develop well-reasoned conclusions. This skill extends beyond writing and can be applied to all areas of your life.

For more detailed information on the importance of critical thinking , visit our dedicated article.

Critical Thinking Essay Format

In a critical thinking essay outline, each piece has its place and contributes to the overall picture. Here's a breakdown of the key components:

Check out our critical analysis example to see how this format comes to life.

Critical Thinking Essay Questions

Now that you understand the structure of this essay, let's get your brain working! Here are some questions to help you generate strong critical thinking essay topics:

• How can you tell if a source of information is reliable?
• What are the potential biases that might influence research or news articles?
• How can you identify logical fallacies in arguments?
• How can you weigh the pros and cons of a complex issue?
• How can your own experiences or background influence your perspective on a topic?

Sample Essay Topics:

• History: Should historical monuments that celebrate controversial figures be removed or repurposed?
• Science: With advancements in gene editing, should we allow parents to choose their children's traits?
• Art & Culture: Does artificial intelligence pose a threat to the creativity and value of human art?
• Space Exploration: Should we prioritize colonizing Mars or focus on solving problems on Earth?
• Business Ethics: Is it ethical for companies to automate jobs and potentially displace workers?
• Education: In a world with readily available information online, is traditional classroom learning still necessary?
• Global Issues: Is focusing solely on national interests hindering efforts to address global challenges like climate change?

Remember, these are just a few ideas to get you started. Choose a topic that interests you and allows you to explore different perspectives critically.

How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay

We've covered the foundation – the structure and key elements of a critical thinking essay. Now, let's dive into the writing process itself! Remember, the steps on how to start a critical thinking essay, such as defining your topic, crafting a thesis, gathering evidence, etc., are all interconnected. As you write, you'll move back and forth between them to refine your argument and build a strong essay.

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Understand the Assignment Requirements

Taking some time to understand the assignment from the beginning will save you time and frustration later. Grasping your critical thinking paper instructions ensures you're on the right track and meeting your teacher's expectations. Here's what to focus on:

• The Prompt: This is the core of the assignment, outlining the topic and what you're expected to do. For example, if it asks what critical thinking skills are, Look for keywords like "define," "describe," or "explain." These indicate the type of essay you need to write and the approach you should take.
• Specific Requirements: Pay attention to details like the essay length, formatting style (e.g., MLA, APA), and any specific sources you need to use. Missing these guidelines can lead to point deductions.
• Grading Rubric (if provided): This is a goldmine! The rubric often outlines the criteria your essay will be graded on, like clarity of argument, use of evidence, and proper citation style. Knowing these expectations can help you tailor your writing to excel.

Select a Critical Thinking Topic

Think about the prompt or theme provided by your teacher. Are there any aspects that pique your interest? Perhaps a specific angle you haven't explored much? The best topics are those that spark your curiosity and allow you to engage with the material in a meaningful way.

Here are some tips for selecting a strong critical thinking essay topic:

• Relevance to the Assignment: Make sure your chosen topic directly relates to the prompt and allows you to address the key points. Don't stray too far off course!
• Interest and Engagement: Choose a topic that you find genuinely interesting. Your enthusiasm will show in your writing and make the research and writing process more enjoyable.
• Complexity and Scope: Aim for a topic that's complex enough to provide depth for analysis but not so broad that it becomes overwhelming. You want to be able to explore it thoroughly within the essay's length limitations.
• Availability of Sources: Ensure you have access to credible sources like academic journals, news articles from reputable sources, or books by experts to support your argument.

Remember: Don't be afraid to get creative! While some prompts may seem broad, there's often room to explore a specific angle or sub-topic within the larger theme.

Conduct In-Depth Research

This is where you'll gather the information and evidence when writing a critical thinking essay. However, don't just copy information passively. Critically analyze the sources you find.

• Start with Reliable Sources: Steer clear of unreliable websites or questionable information. Focus on credible sources like academic journals, scholarly articles, reputable news outlets, and books by established experts in the field.
• Use Library Resources: Librarians can guide you towards relevant databases, academic journals, and credible online resources.
• Search Engines Can Be Your Friend: While you shouldn't rely solely on search engines, they can be helpful starting points. Use keywords related to your topic, and be critical of the websites you visit. Look for sites with a clear "About Us" section and reputable affiliations.
• Vary Your Sources: Don't just rely on one type of source. Seek out a variety of perspectives, including research studies, data, historical documents, and even opposing viewpoints. This will give your essay well-roundedness and depth.

Develop a Strong Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement encapsulates your main argument or perspective on the topic. A strong thesis statement tells your readers exactly what your essay will be about and prepares them for the evidence you'll present.

During your critical thinking process, make sure you include these key characteristics:

• Specificity: It goes beyond simply stating the topic and clearly outlines your position on it.
• Focus: It focuses on a single main point that you'll develop throughout the essay.
• Argumentative: It indicates your stance on the issue, not just a neutral observation.
• Clarity: It's clear, concise, and easy for the reader to understand.

For example, here's a weak thesis statement:

Deepfakes are a new technology with both positive and negative implications.

This is too vague and doesn't tell us anything specific about ethics. Here's a stronger version:

While deep lakes have the potential to revolutionize entertainment and education, their ability to create highly convincing misinformation poses a significant threat to democracy and social trust.

This thesis is specific, focused, and clearly states the argument that will be explored in the essay.

Outline the Structure of Your Essay

With a strong thesis statement guiding your way, it's time to create a roadmap for your essay. This outline will serve as a blueprint, ensuring your arguments flow logically and your essay has a clear structure. Here's what a basic outline for a critical thinking essay might look like:

This is a flexible structure, and you may need to adapt it based on your specific topic and the length of your essay. However, having a clear outline will help you stay organized and ensure your essay flows smoothly from point to point.

Write an Engaging Introduction

The introduction should be captivating and give your reader a taste of what's to come. Here are some tips for crafting a strong introduction:

• Start with a Hook: Use an interesting fact, a thought-provoking question, or a relevant anecdote to grab your reader's attention right from the start. This will pique their curiosity and make them want to read more.
• Introduce the Topic: Briefly introduce the topic you'll be exploring and explain its significance. Why is this topic important to discuss?
• Present Your Thesis: Clearly and concisely state your thesis statement. This tells your reader exactly what your essay will argue and prepares them for the evidence you'll present.

For example, Let's say your essay is about the growing popularity of online learning platforms. Here's an introduction that uses a hook, introduces the topic, and presents a thesis statement:

With millions of students enrolled in online courses worldwide, the way we learn is undergoing a dramatic transformation. Traditionally associated with brick-and-mortar classrooms, education is now readily available through virtual platforms, offering flexibility and accessibility. This essay will examine the advantages and challenges of online learning, ultimately arguing that while it offers valuable opportunities, it cannot entirely replace the benefits of a traditional classroom setting.

Construct Analytical Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs are the heart of your essay, where you develop your argument and convince your reader of your perspective.

• Focus on One Point Per Paragraph: Each paragraph should address a single point that directly relates to your thesis statement. Don't try to cram too much information into one paragraph.
• Start with a Topic Sentence: This sentence introduces the main point of the paragraph and explains how it connects to your thesis.
• Support with Evidence: Back up your claims with credible evidence from your research. This could include facts, statistics, quotes from experts, or relevant examples.
• Analyze and Explain: Don't just list the evidence! Use critical thinking in writing - explain how it supports your argument and analyze its significance. What does this evidence tell you about the issue?
• Consider Counterarguments (Optional): In some cases, it can be effective to acknowledge opposing viewpoints and briefly explain why they're not as strong as your argument. This demonstrates your awareness of the complexity of the issue and strengthens your own position.

For example: Let's revisit the online learning example. Imagine one of your body paragraphs focuses on the flexibility of online learning platforms. Here's a breakdown of how you might structure it:

• Topic Sentence: Online learning platforms offer students unparalleled flexibility in terms of scheduling and pace of learning.
• Evidence: A recent study by the Online Learning Consortium found that 74% of online students reported being able to manage their coursework around their work and personal commitments.
• Analysis: This flexibility allows students who may have work or family obligations to pursue their education without sacrificing other responsibilities. It also empowers students to learn at their own pace, revisiting challenging concepts or accelerating through familiar material.

Craft a Thoughtful Conclusion

The conclusion is your final opportunity to wrap up the story in a satisfying way and leave the audience with something to ponder. Here's how to write a strong conclusion for your critical thinking essay:

• Summarize Key Points: Briefly remind your reader of the main points you've discussed throughout the essay.
• Restate Your Thesis: Restate your thesis statement in a new way, emphasizing its significance.
• Final Thought or Call to Action (Optional): Leave your reader with a final thought that provokes reflection, or consider including a call to action that encourages them to take a particular stance on the issue.

Here's an example conclusion for the online learning essay:

In conclusion, while online learning platforms offer valuable flexibility and accessibility, they cannot entirely replace the benefits of a traditional classroom setting. The social interaction, real-time feedback, and personalized attention offered by in-person learning remain crucial components of a well-rounded educational experience. As technology continues to evolve, future advancements may bridge this gap, but for now, a blended approach that leverages the strengths of both online and traditional learning may be the optimal solution.

Critical Thinking Essay Example

Let's now take a look at a complete critical thinking essay to see how these steps come together. This example will show you how to structure your essay and build a strong argument.

5 Tips on How to Develop Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinking helps you form well-reasoned arguments and make sound decisions. Here are 5 tips to sharpen your critical thinking skills:

• Question Everything (Respectfully): Don't just accept information at face value. Ask questions like "Why is this important?" "What evidence supports this claim?" or "Are there other perspectives to consider?". Develop a healthy skepticism (doubt) but be respectful of others' viewpoints.
• Dig Deeper than Headlines: In today's fast-paced world, headlines can be misleading. Go beyond the surface and seek out credible sources that provide in-depth analysis and evidence. Look for articles from reputable news organizations, academic journals, or books by established experts.
• Embrace Different Viewpoints: Exposing yourself to various perspectives strengthens your critical thinking. Read articles that present opposing viewpoints, watch documentaries that explore different sides of an issue, or engage in respectful discussions with people who hold contrasting opinions.
• Spot Logical Fallacies: Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that can lead to flawed conclusions. Learn to identify common fallacies like bandwagon appeals (appealing to popularity), ad hominem attacks (attacking the person instead of the argument), or slippery slope arguments (suggesting a small step will lead to a disastrous outcome).
• Practice Makes Progress: Critical thinking is a skill that improves with practice. Engage in activities that encourage analysis and debate. Write persuasive essays, participate in class discussions, or join a debate club. The more you exercise your critical thinking muscles, the stronger they become.

By incorporating these tips into your daily routine, you'll be well on your way to becoming a more critical thinker. Remember, keep questioning things, explore different ideas, and practice your writing!

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What is an Example of Critical Thinking?

How do you start writing a critical thinking essay, how to structure a critical thinking essay.

Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• Critical thinking and writing . (n.d.). https://studenthub.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/372818/2.-Critical-thinking-guide_FINAL.pdf
• ‌Lane, J. (2023, September 6). Critical thinking for critical writing | SFU Library . Www.lib.sfu.ca . https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/argumentation/critical-thinking-writing

How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Complete Guide

Critical thinking is a complex system of judgments that helps to analyze information and come up with valid conclusions, create an assessment of what is happening, and interpret it. It can be said that critical thinking is high-level thinking, which makes it possible to question the incoming information. Read the full guide prepared by our essay writers to be better in studies.

Critical thinking in learning process

Critical thinking as an academic discipline is based on the rules of formal logic, theory, and practice of argumentation, rhetoric, and scientific epistemology (a section of philosophy that deals with instruments and limitations of cognitive activity).

Every human being has two ways of thinking: absorbing information (like a sponge absorbs the water) and thinking about information (like sifting through sand). While a person that uses the first way will be trying to remember the given information in detail, the other one will actively interact with the obtained knowledge when it comes to expressing opinion essay or choosing informal essay topics .  This doesn’t mean that one way is worse; critical thinking combines these two features.

Developing critical thinking is hard, as it’s easier to take the position of your friends, family, or public opinion. Your friends may think that vaccines badly influence children’s health and you will think the same, just because your friends think so. But if you will study available information about this issue, you can change your mind, or just reiterate the conviction.

A person with developed critical thinking skills will be resistant to manipulations, immune to stereotypes or public opinion – that’s why AI essay writer isn’t the best option for the development of such skills.

The opinion, worked out independently, can surprise you with its unexpectedness, or it may turn out to be generally accepted. You can find out that such conclusions belong to certain researchers or that they have already been stated by rebels that oppose the established dogmas.  Such discoveries are particularly true when you come to write my personal statement or write my research paper prompts: Working with different evidence to support your claims, you’ll meet the need to think critically to decide on the sources you can trust.

What is a critical thinking essay?

A critical thinking essay is a type of writing that is aimed to improve your analytical skills. Critical thinking essays should teach the student to carefully read the texts, utilize methodical doubt, find weaknesses in both others and personal arguments, work with concepts, and clearly and reasonably express thoughts. The basis of a critical thinking essay is to ask and answer the right questions. Tutors usually pay attention both to the quality of the text and how a student develops arguments about a certain issue. In any case, you will be sure that you have your own position based on your own research and conclusions.

Essay writing is one of the best exercises to help improve critical thinking skills. This will help you learn how to effectively work with information, structure it, filter out questionable data, make conclusions – simply everything connected with critical thinking. For example, critical thinking in essay writing will help nurses analyze their experience, reflect on a situation, solve problems, and make the right decisions in a new situation.

Fortunately, critical thinking is not an organ that can atrophy. If you think that you have low critical thinking skills, you always have a possibility of improving it on your own, or apply for paper writing help to professionals.

How to start a critical thinking essay

Every text needs structure and focus, and consistent guidelines can help you consider all valuable points of a critical essay. That’s where a “ write my essay online ” request might help: You’ll get a detailed plan of your future paper by paragraphs to know what to include in every chapter. As every piece of academic writing, critical thinking essay format consists of an introduction, several body paragraphs, and conclusion.

• Choose a central problem or argument. At college you may be asked to critically analyze essays, articles, controversial opinions, literature, etc. If you will have a chance to pick a topic by yourself, make sure that it is interesting for you and that there is plenty of information that you can read about it. Make sure that the topic is not too difficult and you will be able to come up with basic arguments.
• Gather information and recall to existing knowledge. What do you already know about the topic? If your topic is analyzing a certain text, you will need to read it attentively and point out the main issues. Before you will start reading, make a list of questions that you can consider while reading. Also, a good idea is to take notes as you read and briefly write your own thoughts.
• Come up with a thesis statement. (It’s a must-have element of every academic paper, whether you work on write my assignment , write my coursework , write my dissertation requests.) This means that you need to come up with a central focus of your paper. A good thesis statement gives you the aim that you need to achieve in the body paragraph.
• Write the body paragraph. To write this paragraph, you will need to make several actions like analyzing the material. Maybe, you have some notes with ideas that you have come up with during writing, but for writing you need to make a profound analysis.
• Analyze the information. What evidence, arguments, and claims have you found? Identify weaknesses and strengths, pointing out important relationships.
• Examine different viewpoints. For critical writing it is a crucial part, as it will be a mistake to consider a particular viewpoint to be obvious and undeniable. Such approach requires to examine and evaluate scholarly opinions about the topic.
• Review contexts. Does the author try to approach the topic from an ideological perspective? Consider the fact that your own interpretation may be influenced by your culture, ideology, and other biases.
• Come up with your own viewpoint. It is advisable to create an additional section or subparagraph dedicated to your opinion. You can imagine that you are a participant of discussion and your task is to explain your opinion with evidence. Remember that you should avoid pronouns like “I” and “my.”  This rule works for all “ write my APA paper ” prompts.
• Come up with conclusions. How can you evaluate your own findings? Briefly sum up the ideas you came up with in an overview. Define the importance of your findings and point out the directions that need further research.

Critical thinking essay questions

Do we often think about the role that questions play in our lives? You won’t be able to master critical thinking skills without asking the right questions.

Common questions for critical thinking usually start with who, what, why, where, and when. The right questions will help you think deeply about the context: causes and consequences, analyzing different data, and finding evidence to explain your point. (Feel free to check the Rogerian argument essay example by our experts to better understand what’s meant here.) The following questions prepared by our college paper writing service are aimed to help students to promote critical thinking while writing essays.

Questions about change.

– How has A become a turning point for B? – How has X transformed to Y? – What are the consequences of A? – What is the starting point of Y?

Questions that ask for an evaluation.

– What factors have influenced the decision? – How would the opponent critique this idea? – How would a supporter defend the decision? – How can the decision be applied in other conditions? – What factors have led to unusual consequences?

Questions that ask for rationale and evidence.

– What could be an example? – Are these justifications adequate (suitable, sufficient)? – Why do you think this is true? – What led you to this belief? – Do you have any proof for this?

Questions that ask for synthesis.

– How can this be compared? – Which option is better? – What is the benefit of this decision? – What is the value and importance? – What can I recommend? – What is better to think about?

This structured approach reflects the process that is governed by critical thinking. These questions allow us to challenge traditional thought processes and help to find new solutions.

Critical thinking essay topics

When you need to pick a topic for a critical thinking essay on your own, it can be a daunting task. Our paper writing service experts created a list of topics with suggested questions and ideas that will boost your writing process.

• Should insurance cover illnesses resulting from drug addiction?

Analyze several articles related to the topic over the internet. Mark several citations that you can cite in your essay. What is your personal attitude to people that take drugs? What is your own point of view about the topic? Write the essay from the perspective of your point of view and support it with citations from sources.

• What were the causes of the currency crisis in Russia?

Find relevant internet sources and analyze the origins of this crisis and its resolution. You might want to assign us with “ write my college essay ” task on this topic to get a professional and unbiased (which is supercritical in the times of ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, when most sources choose the “it’s not all that clear-cut” position) analysis and assessment of the situation. Has the International Monetary Fund provided intervention? Has the crisis ended? How did the Russian economy react to the conclusion?

• What differences and similarities do social welfare institutions in USA and China have?

First, briefly describe the overall development of social welfare in the context of culture and history. Compare the development of social welfare institutions in US and China. How has the poverty reduction policy influenced the situation in China? Discuss the current situation in US and China, focusing on the US social policy. Connect the relationship of poverty reduction and development of welfare institutions in China.

• Write a critical reflection about growing up, analyzing a personal experience.

Think about yourself when you were a child. What qualities have you obtained? What qualities have you lost? Why? What factors have influenced your development? Sum up your experience and how it has influenced your personal traits.

• What effects do leaders and managers have on employees?

What are the qualities of leaders in organizations? Does being a leader mean to have some sort of power? Is the statement “the more power the better” true? What tools do organizations use to manipulate the employees? How can the leader avoid being corrupted?

• Is the Affordable Care Act a good decision?

Write your own overall opinion about the Affordable Care Act. What are weaknesses and strengths of this Act? Develop your own opinion, considering the fact that the Affordable Care Act will require many people to buy insurance or pay a penalty. Are you ready to purchase insurance or get a fine? What would you prefer? Have you ever used health insurance? Do you see any sense in it? Why?

• Can drug testing of employees be treated as an infringement of personal privacy?

Nowadays, drugs have become a part of life for many people. When a company wants to hire a professional, managers want to be sure that the employee will be reliable and peaceful. Why do companies provide drug testing? How does this testing influence the relationship between worker and employer? What types of drug testing is common in companies? How does drug addiction influence the efficiency of the worker?

• How can schools encourage students to develop meta-cognition and critical thinking?

First, you should describe what is the essence of critical thinking and meta-cognition. How can all these skills be helpful for students at school and further in life? What practices should schools implement in programs? Are there any working exercises students can practice on their own?

• How can managers influence successful employees to behave in a certain way?

It is pure luck if you have a productive and brilliant employee in your team. Imagine that you have some controversial issues that this employee cannot agree with or his or her behavior is wrong in some way. What psychological strategies exist that can change behavior?

• Why is Apple marketing special?

You can pick several products and analyze the ways marketers use to promote particular products. What strategies do Apple marketers use? How do they introduce new categories of products? Can these methods be implemented in other companies? How?

• How have modern trends for healthy eating influenced the food industry?

Pick a company that successfully adopted a healthy eating policy for their own goods. Has the company succeeded in it? Has it worked? For example, we can take McDonald’s with a milk-free latte and soy hamburgers. Are these products popular? How does the company promote this subcategory of goods?

• What is the importance of critical thinking in academic writing?

First, you will need to collect some information about the topic from articles, your own experience, interviewing, observing, and come up with your point of view. Think about a list of things a good academic writer must do to become a successful writer. Why is it important? How can it be achieved?

• Can microaggressions be more than racial bias?

What is microaggression? Make research of available sources and determine the forms of microaggression and discrimination. This topic may perfectly fit your “ write my term paper ” request for our essay writing experts. What is the difference between microaggressions in the workplace and sexual harassment? Have you ever faced acts of microaggression in your college, friends group, and media? What type of aggression was it? What can society do to reduce such acts?

• What is the relationship between critical thinking and ethics?

Start with the definition of critical thinking and ethics. What are the steps of the critical thinking process? In what ways can you use critical thinking when studying and problem solving? What ethical lens do you prefer from the Ethical Lens Inventory? Think about how your personal ethical norms influence your decisions. How does ethics generally influence societal and professional responsibilities?

Critical thinking essay topic suggestions

If you still cannot choose a topic, maybe you will find it from these critical thinking essay questions and write my PowerPoint presentation subject matters:

• What effect does violence in the media have on young children?
• What are the causes of unhappy marriage?
• What is the nature of the employment relationship involved in the various areas of the “gig economy”?
• Critically analyze the following statement from the Marxist perspective: “Defining criminals as animals and misfits, as enemies of the state, provides a justification for incarcerating them in prison.”
• How does science as a practical technique transform human lives? What dangers does this transformation pose to humanity?
• Is solitary confinement cruel and unusual punishment?
• What is the nature of politics? Consider its influence on public opinion, political parties, interest group activity, and political socialization.
• Why has the global supply chain emerged? Why does it matter? What perspectives does it have?
• Do nurses who receive anti-bullying education experience less bullying?
• How do writers influence readers? What approaches do they use?
• What status and rights does a female worker have in Japan?
• What differences are between the burden of proof in a criminal trial and a civil trial?
• Critically analyze your favorite film or soap opera.
• How have gender stereotypes influenced Asian American identities?
• Do Shakespeare and Montaigne agree on how a person should react to misfortune? Why or why not?
• Critically analyze Steve Jobs’ commencement speech. Is it logically structured? What powerful moments does it have?
• What are the best ways to eliminate domestic violence? What countries have resolved this issue?
• Is sexual addiction a “biopsychosocial” phenomenon?
• Should assisted suicide (by the request of the patient) be illegal? Why or why not? If you agree, what methods of punishment should be applied? If not, describe your position in detail.
• What are advantages and disadvantages of being a vegan?

Critical thinking essay example

The best way to learn is to learn from examples. You will significantly improve your writing skills if you combine practical advice with a sample. One of the critical thinking essays examples that you can read below was written by a professional writer to show you how this type of essay may look. Let’s check it right away!

What Are the Scientific Causes of Happiness?

This essay will discuss the meaning of happiness and whether there is a scientifically proven method to reach happiness.

Humanity has always been interested in happiness. This term has many definitions and many approaches to modern positive psychology. From the scientific point of view, happiness is a chain of chemical processes in the body, as a result of which a person is saturated with “happiness hormones.”

Dfarhud (2014) research has shown that happiness depends on many brain chemicals: dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, endorphins, cortisol, and melatonin, which can create happy feelings. No specific approach can keep chemicals on the level that brings happiness. According to this study, we can conclude that the assessment of subjective happiness and satisfaction is a complex system, and needs a balance of interactions and counterbalances.

According to Sato (2015), if a person is satisfied with life and often experiences positive emotions, the amount of gray matter in the parietal lobe on the inner surface of the cerebral hemispheres increases in the ancestral part, which is responsible for consciousness and memory. Scientists suppose that happiness can be achieved through meditation and training which, according to studies, increase the mass of gray matter in the parietal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres.

Research by Lyubomirsky (2005) has shown that thoughts can influence the balance of hormones and chemicals. That means that with positive thinking a person generates and reinforces new synapses in the brain that subsequently increase brain functions. But this cannot be applied to those who already are in depression or under certain circumstances that reduce the ability to think positively.

Many neurological articles promise to say something about happiness, but in fact, tell about the remuneration. Psychologists and scientists still have no universal recipe to become a happy person. There are various screening tests to identify the level of happiness, but the problem is that they are quite subjective. Along with brain reactions, happiness also depends on genetics, character, underlying brain systems; it is impossible to influence at a certain brain area or give a pill and make a person happy. The main aim of a scientist shouldn’t be happiness as a whole, but how to use psychic mechanisms and activities that can raise the overall subjective level of happiness.

Dfarhud, D., Malmir, M., & Khananmandi, M. (2014). Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors – Systematic Review Article. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(11), 1468–1477.

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.

Sato, W., Kochiyama, T., Uono, S., Kubota, Y., Sawada, R., Yoshimura, S., & Toichi, M. (2015, November 20). The structural neural substrate of subjective happiness. Retrieved from Scientific Reports: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16891

Exercises for developing critical thinking skills

Critical thinking will not only improve the way you write an essay and do research. It will help you to make the right decisions in your everyday life and analyze situations you face at university and work. Practice at least one of the exercises and you will definitely feel the benefits of thinking critically.

1. Create a journal.

Get used to writing down your thoughts dedicated to a certain topic. Change it, for example, every week. You can follow this format:

Situation. Describe the situation in detail and from various points of view: scientific, logical, and emotional. Your reaction. Describe all of your emotions caused by the situation. Analysis. Think about the situation and try to find out what has happened and why. Try to get to the bottom of it. Evaluation. Try to evaluate the text you have written above. What can you do to improve your way of thinking? What misconceptions have you mentioned?

2. Set the list of goals for the week.

You can list the abilities you want to develop. Accuracy, precision, clarity, logical thinking, etc. That means that you should concentrate on these abilities in all everyday activities. For example, devote one week to concentrate on what you say and how you say it. At the end of the week you can sum up your observation and make improvements in the following week.

3. Pick an interesting topic or issue.

Find an interesting topic that you want to learn. Along with your everyday responsibilities, leave from fifteen to thirty minutes to read information about the chosen topic. This means that every day you will be reading about different points of view about the problem. You can also place the write my paper for cheap order on your chosen topic and read everything about it in one document. Your task is to doubt the information and check whether it works or not.

4. Practice mind mapping.

Mind mapping is a great tool that you can use to increase your brain power and perceiving information. Research has shown that mind maps accumulate both left and right brain capacities. Mind mapping can help you summarize information, come up with questions, and increase comprehension. For example, you can create a mind map during one lecture in your college or just listen to any educational video over the internet.

Take a piece of paper and put the main idea in the center. Draw the branches starting from the top right corner and move in a clockwise direction. Each branch will represent keywords (subheadings of the topic). It is recommended to use different colors to group ideas, so it will be easier to encode your mind map later.

Critical thinking is just a way to think with your head, questioning any, even the most interesting ideas. Of course, critical thinking won’t solve all your problems, but it’s a good habit. And the more you think, the more effectively you will work, learn, communicate, and generate creative ideas. In conclusion, there’s nothing more to say but, each of us is free to choose in which world he or she should live – a colorful, multidimensional world or a flat, black-and-white world.

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How To Write A Critical Analysis Essay With Examples

Declan Gessel

May 4, 2024

A Critical Analysis Essay is a form of academic writing that requires students to extract information and critically analyze a specific topic. The task may seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can become an exciting task. 

Critical Analysis Essays help students improve their analytical skills and foster principles of logic. In this article, we are going to discuss how to write an essay and break it down for you. So sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride!

Table Of Content

What is a critical analysis essay, why the subject of your critical analysis essay is important, 5 reading strategies for critical analysis essay, building the body of your analysis, 5 things to avoid when writing your critical analysis essay, write smarter critical analysis essay with jotbot — start writing for free today.

When you write a critical analysis essay, you move beyond recounting the subject's main points and delve into examining it with a discerning eye. The goal? To form your own insights about the subject, based on the evidence you gather. 

This involves dissecting and contemplating the author's arguments , techniques, and themes while also developing your own critical response. While forming your own conclusions may sound intimidating, it's a key aspect of fine-tuning your critical thinking skills and organizing your thoughts into a cohesive, argumentative response. 

Key Skills in the Craft

This process consists of two key elements: understanding the core components of the subject and forming your own critical response, both supported by evidence. The first part involves grasping the subject's main arguments, techniques, and themes. The second part entails taking that knowledge and constructing your analytical and evaluative response. 

Deconstructing the Subject

In other words, roll up your sleeves and get deep into the subject matter. Start by identifying the author's main point, deconstructing their arguments, examining the structure and techniques they use, and exploring the underlying themes and messages. By engaging with the subject on this level, you'll have a thorough understanding of it and be better prepared to develop your own response. 

The Power of Evidence

Remember that evidence is your secret weapon for crafting a convincing analysis. This means going beyond summarizing the content and instead using specific examples from the subject to support your own arguments and interpretations. Evidence isn't just about facts, either; it can also be used to address the effectiveness of the subject, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses. 

The Art of Evaluation

Lastly, put your evaluation skills to work. Critically assess the subject's effectiveness, pinpointing its strengths and potential shortcomings. From there, you can offer your own interpretation, supported by evidence from the subject itself. This is where you put everything you've learned about the subject to the test, showcasing your analytical skills and proving your point.

Related Reading

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Let’s delve on the importance of understanding the Work you'll be analyzing:

Main Argument

When diving into a work, one must unravel the central point or message the author is conveying. All other analyses stem from this fundamental point. By identifying and comprehending the main argument, one can dissect the various elements that support it, revealing the author's stance or point of view.

Themes are the underlying concepts and messages explored in the subject matter. By venturing into the depths of themes, one can unravel the layers of meaning within the work. Understanding these underlying ideas not only enriches the analysis but also sheds light on the author's intentions and insights.

Structure & Techniques

Understanding how the work is built - be it a chronological story, persuasive arguments, or the use of figurative language - provides insight into the author's craft. Structure and techniques can influence the way the work is perceived, and by dissecting them, one can appreciate the intricacies of the author's style and the impact it has on the audience.

In critical analysis, understanding the context can add an extra layer of depth to the analysis. Considering the historical, social, or cultural context in which the work was created can provide valuable insights into the author's influences, intentions, and the reception of the work. While not always necessary, contextual analysis can elucidate aspects of the work that might otherwise go unnoticed.

To conduct a comprehensive critical analysis , understanding the work you'll be analyzing is the foundation on which all other interpretations rely. By identifying the main argument, themes, structure, techniques, and context, a nuanced and insightful analysis can be crafted. This step sets the stage for a thorough examination of the work, bringing to light the nuances and complexities that make critical analysis a valuable tool in literary and artistic exploration.

1. Close Reading: Go Deeper Than Skimming

Close reading is a focused approach to reading where you don't just skim the text. Instead, you pay close attention to every word, sentence, and detail. By doing this, you can uncover hidden meanings, themes, and literary devices that you might miss if you were reading too quickly. I recommend underlining or annotating key passages, literary devices, or recurring ideas. This helps you remember these important details later on when you're writing your critical analysis essay.

2. Active Note-Taking to Capture Important Points

When reading a text for a critical analysis essay, it's important to take active notes that go beyond summarizing the plot or main points. Instead, try jotting down the author's arguments, interesting details, confusing sections, and potential evidence for your analysis. These notes will give you a solid foundation to build your essay upon and will help you keep track of all the important elements of the text.

3. Identify Recurring Ideas: Look for Patterns

In a critical analysis essay, it's crucial to recognize recurring ideas, themes, motifs, or symbols that might hold deeper meaning. By looking for patterns in the text, you can uncover hidden messages or themes that the author might be trying to convey. Ask yourself why these elements are used repeatedly and how they contribute to the overall message of the text. By identifying these patterns, you can craft a more nuanced analysis of the text.

4. Consider the Author's Purpose

Authorial intent is an essential concept to consider when writing a critical analysis essay. Think about the author's goals: are they trying to inform, persuade, entertain, or something else entirely? Understanding the author's purpose can help you interpret the text more accurately and can give you insight into the author's motivations for writing the text in the first place.

5.  Question and Analyze your Arguments

In a critical analysis essay, it's important to take a critical approach to the text. Question the author's ideas, analyze the effectiveness of their arguments, and consider different interpretations. By approaching the text with a critical eye, you can craft a more thorough and nuanced analysis that goes beyond a surface-level reading of the text.

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Let’s delve on the essentials of building the body of your analysis: 

Topic Sentence Breakdown: The Purpose of a Strong Topic Sentence

A powerful topic sentence in each paragraph of your critical analysis essay serves as a roadmap for your reader. It tells them the focus of the paragraph, introducing the main point you will explore and tying it back to your thesis. For instance, in an essay about the role of symbolism in "The Great Gatsby," a topic sentence might read, "Fitzgerald's use of the green light symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dreams, highlighting the theme of the American Dream's illusion."

Evidence Integration: The Significance of Evidence from the Subject

To bolster your arguments, you need to use evidence from the subject you are analyzing. For example, in "To Kill a Mockingbird," when explaining Atticus Finch's moral compass, using a quote like, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view - until you climb into his skin and walk around in it," can back up your analysis. It proves that the character values empathy and understanding.

Textual Evidence: Integrating Quotes, Paraphrases, or Specific Details

When you quote or paraphrase text, ensure it directly relates to your analysis. For example, when discussing Sylvia Plath's use of imagery in "The Bell Jar," quote, "I saw my life branching out before me like the green fig tree in the story." This paints a vivid picture for readers and helps solidify your point about the protagonist's feelings of entrapment.

Visual Evidence: Analyzing Specific Elements in the Artwork

If you are analyzing a painting, you can use visual details like color, lines, or symbolism as evidence. For instance, if exploring Van Gogh's "Starry Night," you could delve into the calming effect of the swirls in the sky or the stark contrast between the bright stars and the dark village below. This visual evidence helps explain the painting's emotional impact on viewers.

Analysis & Explanation: The Importance of Going Beyond Evidence Presentation

When examining evidence, don't stop at merely presenting it. Analyze how it supports your thesis. For instance, when exploring the role of the conch in "Lord of the Flies," after showing how it represents order, explain how its loss signals the boys' descent into savagery. By unpacking the evidence's meaning, you help readers understand why it matters and how it connects to your overall argument.

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1. Avoiding Summary vs. Analysis Pitfalls

When crafting a critical analysis essay, it's crucial not to fall into the trap of merely summarizing the subject without offering your own critical analysis. A summary merely recaps the content, while an analysis breaks down and interprets the subject. If you overlook this vital distinction, your essay will lack the depth and insight that characterize a strong critical analysis. Ensure your critical analysis essay doesn't read like an extended book report.

2. Steering Clear of Weak Thesis Statements

A critical analysis essay lives and dies on the strength of its thesis statement, the central argument that guides your analysis. A weak or vague thesis statement will result in an unfocused essay devoid of direction, leaving readers unclear about your point of view. It's essential to craft a thesis statement that is specific, arguable, and concise, setting the tone for a thoughtful and illuminating analysis.

3. Using Evidence is Key

The use of evidence from the subject matter under analysis is instrumental in substantiating your critical claims. Without evidence to back up your assertions, your analysis will appear unsubstantiated and unconvincing. Be sure to provide detailed examples, quotes, or data from the text under scrutiny to support your analysis. Evidence adds credibility, depth, and weight to your critical analysis essay.

4. The Importance of Clear and Supported Analysis

A successful critical analysis essay goes beyond simply presenting evidence to analyzing its significance and connecting it to your central argument. If your essay lacks clear analysis, readers won't understand the relevance of the evidence you present. Go beyond description to interpret the evidence, explaining its implications and how it supports your thesis. Without this analysis, your essay will lack depth and will not persuade your audience.

5. Addressing Counter Arguments

In a critical analysis essay, it's vital to acknowledge and engage with potential counterarguments. Ignoring opposing viewpoints undermines the credibility of your essay, presenting a one-sided argument that lacks nuance. Addressing counter arguments demonstrates that you understand the complexity of the issue and can anticipate and respond to objections. 

By incorporating counterarguments, you strengthen your analysis and enhance the overall persuasiveness of your critical essay.

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Critical Thinking Essay: A Complete Student Guide

• Icon Calendar 30 June 2024
• Icon Page 4044 words
• Icon Clock 19 min read

Essay writing is an integral academic exercise for students in higher educational institutions. As an example of different paper types, a critical thinking essay requires people to employ analytical and reflective writing skills. In essence, these skills underscore essential features of such an essay: analysis of information, reflection on key findings, a review of information’s relevance, and an identification of any conclusions made by an author(s) or other scholars. Hence, a critical thinking paper is a specific type of writing that requires learners to read documents and make interpretations from their points of view. In turn, people need to learn how to write these essays to master their analytical, creative, and reflective skills.

General Guidelines

Critical thinking is an essential skill, particularly for students who need to analyze and interpret data. In turn, a real essence of such a skill is that learners confront issues every day that require them to make prompt decisions. Moreover, it is a unique mechanism by which individuals arrive at these decisions. Therefore, a critical thinking essay is a document that allows students to address an issue holistically. Then, it means addressing issues in an essay format by using critical thinking skills from different perspectives, highlighting possible alternatives, and making well-thought-out decisions. To a target audience, such a text makes it easy to understand a writer’s message and either agree or disagree with it. Besides, a particular decision to agree or disagree is based on a writer’s information regarding an issue in question. Hence, this is why authors of such essays need to provide details that make their arguments stronger and more palatable to an intended audience.

What Is a Critical Thinking Essay and Its Purpose

According to its definition, a critical thinking essay is an academic writing form that challenges students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information to form a reasoned argument or perspective. The main purpose of writing a critical thinking essay is to encourage a deeper understanding and engagement with a topic at hand and allow students to question assumptions, recognize different viewpoints, and articulate their own reasoned conclusions (Atkins & Carver, 2022). Further on, learners enhance their ability to think logically and argue persuasively, skills that are valuable not only in academic contexts but also in everyday decision-making and problem-solving. Moreover, common elements of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, explanation, and logical conclusion (Thurman & Gary, 2020). As a result, such a composition shapes a reflective and analytical mindset, preparing people for complex real-world and problem-solving situations. In terms of pages and words, a typical length of writing a critical thinking essay depends on an academic level, course, professor, and specific assignment criteria, while general guidelines are:

High School:

• Length: 2-4 pages
• Word Count: 500-1,000 words
• Length: 3-5 pages
• Word Count: 750-1,250 words

University (Undergraduate):

• Length: 5-8 pages
• Word Count: 1,250-2,000 words

Master’s:

• Length: 8-12 pages
• Word Count: 2,000-3,000 words
• Length: 15-20 pages
• Word Count: 3,750-5,000 words

Writing Format

Note: Some sections in a critical thinking essay can be added, deleted, or combined with each other. In turn, its typical structure in writing includes an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with evidence, explanation, and analysis, counterarguments with refutations, and a conclusion that summarizes key points and restates a thesis.

Characteristics

When writing a critical thinking essay, people should address several essential features. Firstly, authors need to reflect on what they have read, meaning taking time to consider specific information’s relevance (Larsson, 2019). In essence, such an attitude helps them to make strong arguments in defense of their points of view. Secondly, learners need to analyze how this information is presented and state whether it is sufficient or needs improvement. Thirdly, they need to review observed information based on previous knowledge (Southworth, 2022). Here, they should say whether this information advances a concept or theory or contradicts existing knowledge. Finally, scholars need to identify a final conclusion reached by an author(s) of reviewed information and support or challenge it. In turn, some examples of sentence starters for beginning a critical thinking essay are:

• In recent discussions about [topic/theme], a current controversial issue involves whether [specific aspect], with various scholars arguing both for and against this perspective based on differing evidence and interpretations.
• The phenomenon of [topic] raises important questions about [related issue], prompting a need to critically examine the underlying causes and broader implications for [field or society].
• As [author/expert] argues in [source’s title], the implications of [topic] require a deeper analysis of possible factors that contribute to an ongoing debate on [related aspect].
• A primary purpose of this essay is to examine the impact of [topic] on [specific group or field] and explore how different viewpoints and evidence shape a current understanding of [issue].
• In addressing the complexities of [topic], it is essential to consider a historical context, key arguments, and counterarguments to fully appreciate that [theme] is a solution to a current discourse.
• Understanding [topic] requires more analysis of underlying factors, such as [factor 1], [factor 2], and [factor 3], each of which plays a crucial role in shaping a current discussion.
• A particular debate surrounding [topic] often centers on an issue of [specific aspect], with proponents and opponents offering contrasting perspectives that cannot be used as a single solution.
• A critical aspect of [topic] that warrants further analysis is [specific aspect], as it reveals significant implications for [related issue].
• To fully grasp an actual significance of [topic], one must first explore historical developments and key arguments that have shaped a current understanding and ongoing debates on [issue].
• In light of recent developments in [field], a hot discussion of [topic] has become increasingly relevant because it highlights a current importance of an issue and a need for a critical examination of its broader impact on [aspect].

How to Identify

Based on essential features described above, students can tell whether an essay they are writing is a critical thinking paper. Ideally, learners can know their papers are critical thinking essays if prompt requirements require them to read and analyze a text. Basically, an analysis process includes reflecting on an assigned text, commenting on how information is presented and its relation to previous knowledge, and supporting or challenging a final conclusion made (Butler, 2024). In principle, these requirements reflect defining features of such essays. A a result, to think critically, people systematically question assumptions, evaluate evidence, consider multiple perspectives, and reason logically to formulate well-supported conclusions.

A critical thinking paper differs fundamentally from other types of essays because it requires a student to read a text, such as a book or a poem, and analyze it using a writer’s perspective. Moreover, some instructions need people to analyze a film. In other words, writing a critical thinking essay emphasizes a learner’s understanding of information with a specific meaning of what a person has read, watched, or heard (Nosich, 2022). Indeed, it is a central point of difference from other types of papers that require people to refrain from personal viewpoints. Then, this feature means instructors grade such papers based on a writer’s ability to develop a coherent argument and use essential writing skills. As such, one can argue a critical thinking essay is a form of an argumentative essay.

Prompt Examples for Critical Thinking

Identify Communication Differences Between Men and Women

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read texts that talk about how men and women communicate and identify the differences. Hence, writers should analyze what they have read and summarize it via concise statements or arguments.

Discuss Drug Use in Sports

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to research texts, such as research journal articles and government reports, that address a particular problem of drug use in sports and summarize their findings.

Explore an Anti-Meth Campaign

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read widely about anti-meth campaigns and provide an in-depth analysis of their impacts. By reading an essay, a target audience should understand whether specific campaigns have been effective or ineffective.

Describe Homelessness and Its Social Impacts

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read texts about homelessness, such as journal articles and reports by governments and other humanitarian organizations, and explain root causes and social implications of homelessness.

Analyze a History of College Football in the United States

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read documents, such as books and media articles, narrating college football history in the United States. After writing a whole essay, a target audience should identify specific challenges that college football has faced in its development in a country.

Define Health Effects of Obesity

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read research studies and medical reports discussing obesity. In turn, an essay should explain specific causes of obesity and corresponding risks that obese individuals face.

Review a Significance of Street Art and Graffiti

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read texts discussing an entire evolution of street art and graffiti and make compelling arguments as to why they are essential features of modern art.

Sports on Television: Is It Necessary?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to explain why television has become an essential platform for sports and how it undermines or helps advance its social and cultural significance.

What Is an Essence of Multicultural Identity?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to explore a phenomenon of multiculturalism that has become notable and acceptable in modern society and explain its significance.

Examine a Relevance of Body Size in Modeling

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to explore a modeling profession and explain why body size matters. In other words, a complete essay should make a case as to why a model should have a particular body size.

Write About Understanding Multicultural Families

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to explore multicultural families by reading texts that address a unique issue from a research or commentary perspective and summarize its leading arguments.

Changing Gender Roles: What It Means for Traditionalists?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to explore gender roles from a historical and present perspective and discuss how they threaten or cement traditional views about common roles of men and women.

What Is Ethnic Music, and Does It Matter in a Multicultural Society?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to study multiculturalism and identify how ethnic music is a significant characteristic.

Explain American Society and Latino’s Influence

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to study contemporary American society’s characteristics and indicate a specific extent to which Latinos and their culture (Latin American) have become a significant part of an American identity.

Discuss Challenges of Single-Parent Households

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to read research studies on single parenthood and identify its challenges.

What Are Unique Features of a Good Movie?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to watch movies they consider “good” and provide an analysis of what makes them so.

Interpret a Poem With a First-Person Point of View

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to select a poem, examine it, and describe its outstanding features, such as literary devices.

Illustrate a Dynamics of Adoption in a Multicultural Society

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to examine a particular aspect of adoption within a specific context of a multicultural society.

What Store Strategies Influence Consumers?

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to study a phenomenon of retail stores and give an analysis of specific factors that lead to their growth or shutdown.

Euthanasia: Questions of Ethics, Morals, and Legality

Under this prompt example, a student’s task is to examine a controversial aspect of euthanasia (mercy or assisted killing) and give an opinion on whether society should address it from some perspectives of ethics, morals, or law.

Need to Think Critically by Looking at a Topic

When it comes to essay writing, educational department’s requirements provide direction about a debatable topic. By reading such a topic, people get an idea of what kind of paper they are supposed to write. Regarding such a document, a topic should require them to research a specific theme, reflect on what they have read, and comment on a way how an author has presented information, its relevance to existing knowledge, and its actual significance for a person’s conclusion (Nosich, 2022). In turn, these five tasks underscore essential features of such a composition. As a result, to start a critical thinking essay, writers begin with an engaging introduction that provides context, introduces the topic, and clearly states their thesis statements.

When it comes to an essay structure, a critical thinking paper comprises three main sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. When writing each of these sections, students should capture essential features. Firstly, an introduction should provide a hook to capture a reader’s attention and formulate a thesis statement to guide paper’s main arguments and ideas (Atkins & Carver, 2022). In a body section, writers should use topic sentences to introduce paragraphs. Besides, learners should follow a sandwich rule, where they make a claim, provide supporting facts, and explain a significance of cited evidence to a paper’s thesis (Thurman & Gary, 2020). In a conclusion part, authors should restate a thesis statement, summarize main body points, and make a concluding remark. Finally, other essential features that people should use in their text’s paragraphs are transitions to give an entire paper a natural and logical flow of ideas and arguments.

Steps on How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay

To write a critical thinking essay, people usually start by clearly defining their topics and thesis statements, gathering and analyzing credible evidence, considering multiple perspectives, including counterarguments, and presenting a reasoned and coherent argument supported by thorough analysis and logical reasoning. In turn, some steps for writing a good critical thinking essay include:

• Understand an Assignment: Carefully read and comprehend an essay prompt or question to know exactly what is required.
• Choose a Topic: Select a relevant and engaging topic that allows for deep analysis and corresponding thinking.
• Conduct Research: Gather reliable and relevant sources to provide evidence and support for key arguments.
• Develop a Thesis Statement: Formulate a clear thesis statement that presents a main argument, claim, or perspective.
• Create an Outline: Organize central ideas and structure an essay by creating an outline with main points and subpoints.
• Write an Introduction: Develop an engaging introduction that provides context and states a central thesis.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Write detailed body paragraphs, each focusing on a single point, connecting to a thesis, and using evidence, explanation, and analysis.
• Address Counterarguments: Identify and refute potential opposing views to strengthen a main argument.
• Write a Conclusion: Summarize central points, restate a thesis in light of the evidence, and end with a strong concluding thought.
• Revise and Edit: Review a critical thinking essay for clarity, coherence, and logical flow, and correct any grammatical or typographical errors.

Sample Outline Template

I. Introduction

A. Start with a hook sentence that makes an essay interesting. B. Cover brief information about a theme discussed in body paragraphs. C. End with a thesis statement.

A. Background Information:

• introduce an issue for readers;
• provide examples that support this issue;
• explain how examples correlate with a theme;
• finish with defining an issue for readers.

B. Argument on an Issue

• begin with an argument on an issue;
• covers examples to support this argument;
• explain how examples and argument are related;
• conclude how an argument on this theme is relevant.

C. Importance of an Issue

• state why this issue is important;
• support this statement with examples from credible sources;
• explain how these examples underline the importance of an issue;
• end with a concluding sentence that supports this importance.

III. Conclusion

A. Restate a thesis claim. B. Cover the key points discussed in body paragraphs. C. Provide a final thought on an issue.

Example of a Critical Thinking Essay

Topic: Roles of Critical Thinking Skills

Introduction Sample

Critical thinking is a requirement in higher education because it reflects the level of mental preparedness of students intending to join the labor industry. In this case, essay writing is one of the strategies that higher education institutions use to develop these critical thinking skills in students. Writing argumentative essays has profoundly shaped my critical thinking skills and made me more reflective and analytical in my texts.

Examples of Body Paragraphs

Background Information of an Issue

The advent of the Internet opened a new world of research as scholars found a platform to publish research findings. Besides scholars, public and private entities have turned to online platforms to spread information they perceive as critical and needful. Over time, I have come to see the Internet as a crucial reservoir of knowledge, and I always turn to it for personal enrichment. Moreover, Gilster (1997) perceives critical thinking as a critical skill for individuals who use online platforms for academic purposes. In this case, the author demonstrates that, since the Internet is full of falsehoods and incomplete and obsolete information, it is critical for those who depend on this technology to employ critical thinking. Hence, such thinking helps users distinguish between essential, relevant information and what appears to be irrelevant and nonessential.

Argument on an Issue

On the issue of critical thinking, examining and analyzing content are fundamental exercises. In essence, critical thinking entails reading a text and interpreting it by using an analytical lens. For example, when students read novels, they can use their critical thinking skills to analyze the plot and characters and provide arguments that indicate an in-depth understanding of both (Gilster, 1997). In most cases, such ideas go beyond what is written in the novel to include the student’s interpretation of events. In my case, I use the Internet to find research and media articles on different topics, such as homelessness, substance abuse, crime, and police and law enforcement. Moreover, I use these articles to reflect on the dynamics that shape life in contemporary society, using my critical thinking skills to relate the past, present, and future. Therefore, I can state confidently that this habit has made me a strong debater on contemporary issues.

Importance of an Issue

By using critical thinking skills, readers make deductions, thereby showcasing their understanding levels. As the literature suggests, critical thinking serves as a basis for knowledge accumulation and advancement (Ku & Ho, 2010). In my academic journey, I have employed critical thinking to gain insight into several issues. Furthermore, one of these issues is the significance of politics to the lives of ordinary citizens. Then, many documents I have read about politics have made me conclude that politicians are selfish by default and only develop consensus when their interests are accommodated. Hence, this understanding has made me have minimal expectations from local and national political figures.

Conclusion Sample

Critical thinking is a key skill that helps individuals to analyze and reflect on information from diverse sources. Over the years, I have used critical thinking to analyze research and media articles published on online platforms and make logical deductions. Moreover, these deductions point to my ability to take information, analyze it, and interpret it. Thus, I can confidently state that my critical thinking skills have made me aware of human weaknesses and the risk of putting too much trust in people vulnerable to shortcomings.

List of References

Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy: The thinking and survival skills new users need to make the Internet personally and professionally meaningful . New York, NY: Wiley.

Ku, K. Y., & Ho, I. T. (2010). Metacognitive strategies that enhance critical thinking. Metacognition and Learning , 5 (3), 251-267.

What to Include

Common Mistakes

• Lack of a Thesis: Failing to present a specific and arguable thesis that guides an essay.
• Insufficient Evidence: Relying on writing personal opinions without providing credible and relevant sources to support arguments.
• Ignoring Counterarguments: Not addressing opposing viewpoints or failing to refute them effectively.
• Poor Structure: Writing an essay without a logical flow or clear organization, making it difficult for readers to follow a central argument.
• Overgeneralization: Making general statements without sufficient evidence to back them up.
• Questionable Analysis: Offering unclear interpretations or analysis of evidence rather than engaging in a deep and well-reasoned examination.
• Repetition: Repeating same points or ideas without adding new insights or evidence.
• Weak Conclusions: Ending a paper without effectively summarizing main points and restating a thesis.
• Ignoring Formatting and Citation Guidelines: Failing to properly format an essay or cite sources according to a required academic style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, etc.).
• Grammatical and Typographical Errors: Submitting a document with numerous grammatical mistakes and typographical errors, which can distract from its content and weaken its main argument.

A critical thinking essay is a document that reflects a student’s ability to use analytical and reflective skills in studying an issue. Although writing such a composition assumes following a basic structure of a standard essay, it has features that distinguish it from other papers. When writing this type of essay, people should master the following tips:

• Read and analyze information.
• Reflect on study findings.
• Review an actual relevance of observed information within a context of existing knowledge.
• Identify any conclusions made by authors or other scholars and their significance.

Atkins, H. S., & Carver, L. (2022). Writing is thinking: Strategies for all content areas . Rowman & Littlefield.

Butler, H. A. (2024). Predicting everyday critical thinking: A review of critical thinking assessments. Journal of Intelligence , 12 (2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12020016

Larsson, K. (2019). Using essay responses as a basis for teaching critical thinking – A variation theory approach. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , 65 (1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1650824

Nosich, G. M. (2022). Critical writing: A guide to writing a paper using the concepts and processes of critical thinking . Rowman & Littlefield.

Southworth, J. (2022). Bridging critical thinking and transformative learning: The role of perspective-taking. Theory and Research in Education , 20 (1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/14778785221090853

Thurman, S. S., & Gary, W. L. (2020). Critical literacy: Integrating critical thinking, reading, and writing . Cognella Academic Publishing.

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A Guide On How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay

Updated 30 Aug 2024

This particular term refers to a type of essay written to discuss a specific idea, voice clip, written piece or a video, using purely one’s ideas, writing an argumentative essay , critical analysis essays and suggestions, with no input from other sources of information. Critical thinking reading and writing are often required by university lecturers as well as other teachers to test the student’s ability to independently produce ideas based on what he/she is given. We want to help you study so Edubirdie addresses the "write my essay for me" request for every student.

Where do we come in?

One may be tempted to ask, “What is the purpose of critical thinking?” Critical thinking tests college student’s writing and analytical abilities; how adept he is at reading between the lines and proffering arguments with solid back-up points. And this is where our services are of great use in terms of help with essay. We work towards aiding you through the process and ensuring that your critical thinking thesis reflects the best of your abilities.

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Critical Thinking Essay Structure

Introduction.

The introduction of a critical thinking essay serves as the foundation for your argument. It should begin with a hook to capture the reader's interest, followed by a brief overview of the topic to provide context. The most crucial element is the thesis statement, a clear and concise declaration of your main argument or perspective. This section should also outline the key points that will be discussed in the essay, setting the stage for a structured and logical progression of ideas.

Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph in a critical thinking essay should focus on a single idea that supports the thesis. Start with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point of the paragraph. Follow this with evidence, which could include quotes, data, or examples from credible sources. Analyze this evidence critically, explaining how it supports your argument and considering any potential counterarguments. This section should demonstrate your ability to engage with different viewpoints and use logical reasoning to support your claims. Ensure each paragraph transitions smoothly to the next, maintaining a coherent flow throughout the essay.

The conclusion should succinctly summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs and restate the thesis in light of the evidence presented. This section should not introduce new information but rather synthesize the essay's findings, highlighting their significance. Reflect on the broader implications of your argument and suggest potential areas for further research or exploration. A strong conclusion will leave a lasting impression on the reader, reinforcing the importance of your critical analysis.

The references section is essential for crediting the sources used in your essay. Each source should be cited following the appropriate academic style guide, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Accurate and thorough referencing not only bolsters the credibility of your work but also allows readers to locate the original sources for further study. This section underscores the importance of academic integrity and the value of well-supported arguments.

Steps to Writing a Good Critical Thinking Essay

Understand the Assignment : Ensure you fully understand the essay prompt and requirements. Identify the key questions you need to answer and the objectives you need to achieve. This step is crucial for staying focused and meeting the instructor's expectations.

Research Thoroughly : Conduct comprehensive research using credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Take detailed notes and highlight key points that support or challenge your thesis. This helps you build a strong foundation for your argument.

Develop a Thesis Statement : Create a clear, concise thesis statement that presents your main argument or perspective. This statement should guide the direction of your essay and be specific enough to provide a focus for your analysis. A strong thesis is critical for a coherent essay.

Create an Outline : Organize your thoughts and structure your essay with an outline. Plan the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This helps ensure a logical flow of ideas and that all necessary points are covered. An outline acts as a roadmap for your writing process.

Write the Introduction : Start your introduction with a hook to grab the reader's attention, provide background information to set the context, and clearly state your thesis. The introduction should set the stage for your argument and make the reader want to continue.

Compose Body Paragraphs : Each body paragraph should focus on a single idea that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence, provide evidence, analyze this evidence, and explain how it supports your argument. Use logical reasoning and ensure each paragraph transitions smoothly to the next.

Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and refute them with logical reasoning and evidence. This demonstrates your ability to think critically and strengthens your argument by showing you have considered multiple perspectives.

Write the Conclusion : Summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs, restate the thesis in light of the evidence presented, and discuss the broader implications of your argument. The conclusion should not introduce new information but should leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Revise and Edit : Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical errors and ensure that your argument is logically sound. Editing helps refine your essay and improves its overall quality.

Proofread : Carefully proofread your essay to catch any remaining errors or typos. This final step ensures your essay is polished and free of mistakes, making it more professional and credible. Proofreading is essential for producing a high-quality piece of writing.

Making a Critical Thinking Essay Stand Out

Crafting a standout critical thinking essay involves more than just presenting an argument. It requires a nuanced approach that engages the reader and demonstrates your analytical abilities. To achieve this, it’s essential to focus on what to include and what to exclude from your essay. This ensures that your writing is both compelling and scholarly, capturing the essence of critical analysis.

What to Include:

• Unique Perspective : Offer a fresh viewpoint or original argument that adds to existing discussions on the topic.
• Strong Thesis : Craft a clear, compelling thesis statement that is both specific and arguable.
• Evidence and Analysis : Use a variety of credible sources to support your points. Analyze this evidence thoroughly, showing a deep understanding of the material.
• Logical Structure : Ensure your essay is well-organized with a clear progression of ideas. Use transitions effectively to guide the reader.
• Critical Engagement : Address counterarguments thoughtfully and refute them with strong evidence and reasoning. This demonstrates your ability to consider multiple perspectives.
• Insightful Conclusion : Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a way that reflects the evidence presented. Discuss the broader implications of your findings.

What to Exclude:

• Biased Sources : Avoid relying on sources that lack credibility or present information in a biased manner.
• Unsubstantiated Claims : Do not include statements that are not backed by evidence. Every claim should be supported by research or logical reasoning.
• Overgeneralizations : Steer clear of broad statements that lack nuance. Critical thinking requires precision and specificity.
• Repetitive Content : Avoid repeating the same points or arguments. Each paragraph should introduce new ideas or evidence.
• Informal Language : Maintain a formal tone throughout your essay. Avoid slang, contractions, and casual expressions.
• Irrelevant Information : Stay focused on your thesis and exclude any information that does not directly contribute to your argument.

By carefully selecting what to include and exclude, you can craft a critical thinking essay that is engaging, persuasive, and intellectually rigorous. This balance ensures that your essay not only stands out but also effectively communicates your analytical prowess.

Final thoughts

In conclusion, a standout critical thinking essay hinges on the careful balance of including and excluding specific elements. By presenting a unique perspective, crafting a strong thesis, supporting arguments with credible evidence, and maintaining a logical structure, you can create an engaging and persuasive essay. Addressing counterarguments and offering insightful conclusions further demonstrate your analytical abilities and depth of understanding.

Conversely, avoiding biased sources, unsubstantiated claims, overgeneralizations, and repetitive content ensures the clarity and professionalism of your work. Keeping a formal tone and staying focused on your thesis are essential for maintaining academic rigor.

Now that you have the tools to craft an outstanding critical thinking essay, it’s time to put them into practice. Start by thoroughly understanding your topic and developing a strong thesis. As you write, continually refine your arguments and ensure each element of your essay contributes to a cohesive and compelling analysis. Happy writing!

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How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Effective Tips

Have you ever found yourself in a scenario when thinking critically gave you a competitive edge? Or when your reasoning spared you the trouble of taking the longer path toward a specific goal? Using logic instead of emotions to make conclusions is vital for everybody’s educational and career goals.

Sharpening your critical thinking involves extensive research and writing evidence-based and well-developed academic papers. And while this task can be challenging, evaluating data and providing justified opinions can become less complicated with practice. Edusson can provide assistance in this process, offering helpful tips and resources to help you improve your critical thinking skills. And while this task can be challenging, evaluating data and providing justified opinions can become less complicated with practice.

This article offers an overview of the definition, outline, and formatting rules with tips on writing a critical-thinking essay. It also features an example of what you should include in your paper for the best possible outcome.

What Is a Critical Thinking Essay?

As a writing type, critical thinking essays aim to demonstrate your ability to consider information critically and present reliable findings. With it, teachers strive to help students improve their analytical skills and work with loads of information.

One of the most practical ways to arm learners with this ability is through written assignments. This way, they learn that the essence of critical analysis essay writing is to ponder and answer the right questions. Moreover, these essay types are beneficial for solving problems, reflecting on events, and analyzing experiences.

The methods leading to an excellent written piece include reading texts carefully, taking a methodological approach, and finding weaknesses and discrepancies. Moreover, the student must elaborate on various concepts, rationalize and structure data, and express thoughts clearly.

The challenge behind these academic tasks is to succeed in both creating a high-quality essay and developing well-founded arguments about an issue. Teachers will assess your knowledge of a specific topic and the skills to filter out questionable data. To this end, ensure you have a robust standpoint based on credible research.

Additionally, when you feel overwhelmed by the challenge of these academic tasks, you can rely on the expertise of professionals who offer buy research papers  to provide you with quality essays and well-founded arguments.

How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay Outline?

Outlining your paper serves as an organizer that eases your further work. The structure resembles critical response essays in terms of length and layout. However, there are some aspects you need to be aware of to write a perfect, critically oriented essay.

Introductory Segment

The opening part presents the general idea of your essay. Its purpose is to introduce the readers to the issue by grabbing their attention at the onset. You can also include well-known facts and highlight the importance of the problem. Finally, ensure you end the introduction with your thesis statement that announces the consecutive explanations.

The body can consist of several paragraphs, depending on how many assertions you want to discuss. Typically, it makes up about 90% of the entire essay. If you struggle with the layout, consider a professional custom writing service for advice and guidance on framing your paper.

Use the body to develop the outline underpinning the main issue. To this end, you will need to rely on trustworthy research, citations, and examples. Unbiased fact collection will also help you take a convincing viewpoint backed up by relevant evidence and persuade readers to adopt your attitude.

Writers can also include counter-arguments to showcase their aptitude for tackling different opinions and rejecting them as irrelevant. Counter-arguments can also give credibility and objectivity to your piece. Most importantly, ensure you dedicate one paragraph per idea.

Another unique feature of critical papers is the chance to portray your opinion in an additional body section. You can explain whether and how it transformed during the research phase.

Closing Segment

The final part should evaluate cross-references, summarize arguments, and urge further research. Also, the essay must end with a logical summary of the findings by referring back to the earlier points. Use this section to stress what you were trying to prove.

The skeleton of the ideal critical thinking essay should look like this:

Introduction

• Hook and background information
• General facts and terms
• Thesis statement
• Source evaluation
• Argument and counter-argument development
• Credible evidence and examples
• Summary of all considerations
• Mention existing areas of doubt
• Call for action.

How to Write a Perfect Critical Thinking Essay?

Presenting various standpoints and defending yours with plausible supporting ideas can be time-consuming. To help you out, we offer guidelines for conceptualizing a high-rated critical thinking essay format. Follow the five steps below.

1. Delve into the Topic

Study the requirements provided by your mentor and apply them in detail. Your teacher might also pick a topic for you (book, movie, art, historical event, or a social dilemma) or leave this to your discretion. Ensure you understand the instructions before you start researching and gathering information. It is also advisable to read materials that address the subject matter.

2. Collect Data

Gather relevant notes about the issue that will help you write your paper. Besides primary sources of information, you might also consult critics’ reviews and online materials. Ideally, you should collect at least five references, such as books, journals, and articles. All these must be closely related to your topic and support your argumentation.

3. Analyze All Sides

Assess the evidence you find and touch upon all aspects of the issue. Don’t forget to establish your position and formulate a compelling thesis statement. Any argument you decide to include in your final work must be well-substantiated. Finally, use this step to show your creative self and present new perspectives on the dilemma that nobody has explored before.

4. Write the First Draft

Many wonder how to start a critical thinking essay and attract the readers’ interest. To this end, use engaging statistics and facts, share an anecdote, or pose a thought-provoking question. Steer away from cliché and overgeneralized beginnings.

When writing the essay, ensure all reasoning supports the main claim and contributes to your position. Be consistent and concise, and don’t go off tangent by adding irrelevant information or fillers. Add explanations if you deem this will help the reader better grasp the topic.

The body paragraphs should also judge the value of your discussion. Those who struggle with structure might turn to a descriptive essay writing service to provide samples or edit their rough draft. Conducting deep process analysis and selecting credible and controversial ideas requires honed critical thinking skills.

5. Polish and Revise

When the first draft is ready, sleep on it and proofread it the following day. Check whether the paper offers reliable argumentation and consistent and accurate facts. You must also ensure your work is free of typos and grammatical mistakes. Moreover, transitioning from one idea to another is vital to convey your thoughts. If you’re struggling to meet these requirements, consider taking advantage of a college paper writing service to help polish your paper. Finally, scan your work for possible plagiarism and check whether you cited your references properly (parenthesis or footnotes).

What Are the Critical Thinking Essay Formatting Tips?

The essay formatting is essential for the final assessment. Hence, many people buy a literature essay online to ensure an excellent grade. Supposing you use the MLA format, pay attention to the following rules:

• The title page must include a top heading, your and your instructor’s full name, the course, and the due date.
• The paper should be double-spaced with 1-inch margins.
• Include a page header with page numbers on the right side.
• Write in 11 or 12 font sizes.
• Set 1/2” indent for new paragraphs.
• When citing, include the author’s name and page number at the end of the sentence in parentheses.
• Add a “Works Cited” section on a separate page at the end.

Critical Thinking Essay’s Paragraph Example

Learning through examples is practical and straightforward. Therefore, we included a sample to highlight the importance of a critical thinking essay.

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How to Write a Critical Essay

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• An Introduction to Punctuation

Olivia Valdes was the Associate Editorial Director for ThoughtCo. She worked with Dotdash Meredith from 2017 to 2021.

• B.A., American Studies, Yale University

A critical essay is a form of academic writing that analyzes, interprets, and/or evaluates a text. In a critical essay, an author makes a claim about how particular ideas or themes are conveyed in a text, then supports that claim with evidence from primary and/or secondary sources.

In casual conversation, we often associate the word "critical" with a negative perspective. However, in the context of a critical essay, the word "critical" simply means discerning and analytical. Critical essays analyze and evaluate the meaning and significance of a text, rather than making a judgment about its content or quality.

What Makes an Essay "Critical"? 

Imagine you've just watched the movie "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory." If you were chatting with friends in the movie theater lobby, you might say something like, "Charlie was so lucky to find a Golden Ticket. That ticket changed his life." A friend might reply, "Yeah, but Willy Wonka shouldn't have let those raucous kids into his chocolate factory in the first place. They caused a big mess."

These comments make for an enjoyable conversation, but they do not belong in a critical essay. Why? Because they respond to (and pass judgment on) the raw content of the movie, rather than analyzing its themes or how the director conveyed those themes.

On the other hand, a critical essay about "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory" might take the following topic as its thesis: "In 'Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,' director Mel Stuart intertwines money and morality through his depiction of children: the angelic appearance of Charlie Bucket, a good-hearted boy of modest means, is sharply contrasted against the physically grotesque portrayal of the wealthy, and thus immoral, children."

This thesis includes a claim about the themes of the film, what the director seems to be saying about those themes, and what techniques the director employs in order to communicate his message. In addition, this thesis is both supportable  and  disputable using evidence from the film itself, which means it's a strong central argument for a critical essay .

Characteristics of a Critical Essay

Critical essays are written across many academic disciplines and can have wide-ranging textual subjects: films, novels, poetry, video games, visual art, and more. However, despite their diverse subject matter, all critical essays share the following characteristics.

• Central claim . All critical essays contain a central claim about the text. This argument is typically expressed at the beginning of the essay in a thesis statement , then supported with evidence in each body paragraph. Some critical essays bolster their argument even further by including potential counterarguments, then using evidence to dispute them.
• Evidence . The central claim of a critical essay must be supported by evidence. In many critical essays, most of the evidence comes in the form of textual support: particular details from the text (dialogue, descriptions, word choice, structure, imagery, et cetera) that bolster the argument. Critical essays may also include evidence from secondary sources, often scholarly works that support or strengthen the main argument.
• Conclusion . After making a claim and supporting it with evidence, critical essays offer a succinct conclusion. The conclusion summarizes the trajectory of the essay's argument and emphasizes the essays' most important insights.

Tips for Writing a Critical Essay

Writing a critical essay requires rigorous analysis and a meticulous argument-building process. If you're struggling with a critical essay assignment, these tips will help you get started.

• Practice active reading strategies . These strategies for staying focused and retaining information will help you identify specific details in the text that will serve as evidence for your main argument. Active reading is an essential skill, especially if you're writing a critical essay for a literature class.
• Read example essays . If you're unfamiliar with critical essays as a form, writing one is going to be extremely challenging. Before you dive into the writing process, read a variety of published critical essays, paying careful attention to their structure and writing style. (As always, remember that paraphrasing an author's ideas without proper attribution is a form of plagiarism .)
• Resist the urge to summarize . Critical essays should consist of your own analysis and interpretation of a text, not a summary of the text in general. If you find yourself writing lengthy plot or character descriptions, pause and consider whether these summaries are in the service of your main argument or whether they are simply taking up space.
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• How to Write a Summary | Guide & Examples

How to Write a Summary | Guide & Examples

Published on November 23, 2020 by Shona McCombes . Revised on May 31, 2023.

Summarizing , or writing a summary, means giving a concise overview of a text’s main points in your own words. A summary is always much shorter than the original text.

There are five key steps that can help you to write a summary:

• Read the text
• Break it down into sections
• Identify the key points in each section
• Write the summary
• Check the summary against the article

Writing a summary does not involve critiquing or evaluating the source . You should simply provide an accurate account of the most important information and ideas (without copying any text from the original).

Table of contents

When to write a summary, step 1: read the text, step 2: break the text down into sections, step 3: identify the key points in each section, step 4: write the summary, step 5: check the summary against the article, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about summarizing.

There are many situations in which you might have to summarize an article or other source:

• As a stand-alone assignment to show you’ve understood the material
• To keep notes that will help you remember what you’ve read
• To give an overview of other researchers’ work in a literature review

When you’re writing an academic text like an essay , research paper , or dissertation , you’ll integrate sources in a variety of ways. You might use a brief quote to support your point, or paraphrase a few sentences or paragraphs.

But it’s often appropriate to summarize a whole article or chapter if it is especially relevant to your own research, or to provide an overview of a source before you analyze or critique it.

In any case, the goal of summarizing is to give your reader a clear understanding of the original source. Follow the five steps outlined below to write a good summary.

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You should read the article more than once to make sure you’ve thoroughly understood it. It’s often effective to read in three stages:

• Scan the article quickly to get a sense of its topic and overall shape.
• Read the article carefully, highlighting important points and taking notes as you read.
• Skim the article again to confirm you’ve understood the key points, and reread any particularly important or difficult passages.

There are some tricks you can use to identify the key points as you read:

• Start by reading the abstract . This already contains the author’s own summary of their work, and it tells you what to expect from the article.
• Pay attention to headings and subheadings . These should give you a good sense of what each part is about.
• Read the introduction and the conclusion together and compare them: What did the author set out to do, and what was the outcome?

To make the text more manageable and understand its sub-points, break it down into smaller sections.

If the text is a scientific paper that follows a standard empirical structure, it is probably already organized into clearly marked sections, usually including an introduction , methods , results , and discussion .

Other types of articles may not be explicitly divided into sections. But most articles and essays will be structured around a series of sub-points or themes.

Now it’s time go through each section and pick out its most important points. What does your reader need to know to understand the overall argument or conclusion of the article?

Keep in mind that a summary does not involve paraphrasing every single paragraph of the article. Your goal is to extract the essential points, leaving out anything that can be considered background information or supplementary detail.

In a scientific article, there are some easy questions you can ask to identify the key points in each part.

If the article takes a different form, you might have to think more carefully about what points are most important for the reader to understand its argument.

In that case, pay particular attention to the thesis statement —the central claim that the author wants us to accept, which usually appears in the introduction—and the topic sentences that signal the main idea of each paragraph.

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Now that you know the key points that the article aims to communicate, you need to put them in your own words.

To avoid plagiarism and show you’ve understood the article, it’s essential to properly paraphrase the author’s ideas. Do not copy and paste parts of the article, not even just a sentence or two.

The best way to do this is to put the article aside and write out your own understanding of the author’s key points.

Examples of article summaries

Let’s take a look at an example. Below, we summarize this article , which scientifically investigates the old saying “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.”

Davis et al. (2015) set out to empirically test the popular saying “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Apples are often used to represent a healthy lifestyle, and research has shown their nutritional properties could be beneficial for various aspects of health. The authors’ unique approach is to take the saying literally and ask: do people who eat apples use healthcare services less frequently? If there is indeed such a relationship, they suggest, promoting apple consumption could help reduce healthcare costs.

The study used publicly available cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were categorized as either apple eaters or non-apple eaters based on their self-reported apple consumption in an average 24-hour period. They were also categorized as either avoiding or not avoiding the use of healthcare services in the past year. The data was statistically analyzed to test whether there was an association between apple consumption and several dependent variables: physician visits, hospital stays, use of mental health services, and use of prescription medication.

Although apple eaters were slightly more likely to have avoided physician visits, this relationship was not statistically significant after adjusting for various relevant factors. No association was found between apple consumption and hospital stays or mental health service use. However, apple eaters were found to be slightly more likely to have avoided using prescription medication. Based on these results, the authors conclude that an apple a day does not keep the doctor away, but it may keep the pharmacist away. They suggest that this finding could have implications for reducing healthcare costs, considering the high annual costs of prescription medication and the inexpensiveness of apples.

However, the authors also note several limitations of the study: most importantly, that apple eaters are likely to differ from non-apple eaters in ways that may have confounded the results (for example, apple eaters may be more likely to be health-conscious). To establish any causal relationship between apple consumption and avoidance of medication, they recommend experimental research.

An article summary like the above would be appropriate for a stand-alone summary assignment. However, you’ll often want to give an even more concise summary of an article.

For example, in a literature review or meta analysis you may want to briefly summarize this study as part of a wider discussion of various sources. In this case, we can boil our summary down even further to include only the most relevant information.

Using national survey data, Davis et al. (2015) tested the assertion that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” and did not find statistically significant evidence to support this hypothesis. While people who consumed apples were slightly less likely to use prescription medications, the study was unable to demonstrate a causal relationship between these variables.

Citing the source you’re summarizing

When including a summary as part of a larger text, it’s essential to properly cite the source you’re summarizing. The exact format depends on your citation style , but it usually includes an in-text citation and a full reference at the end of your paper.

You can easily create your citations and references in APA or MLA using our free citation generators.

APA Citation Generator MLA Citation Generator

Finally, read through the article once more to ensure that:

• You’ve accurately represented the author’s work
• You haven’t missed any essential information
• The phrasing is not too similar to any sentences in the original.

If you’re summarizing many articles as part of your own work, it may be a good idea to use a plagiarism checker to double-check that your text is completely original and properly cited. Just be sure to use one that’s safe and reliable.

If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• ChatGPT vs human editor
• ChatGPT citations
• Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
• Using ChatGPT for your studies
• What is ChatGPT?
• Chicago style
• Paraphrasing

 Plagiarism

• Types of plagiarism
• Self-plagiarism
• Avoiding plagiarism
• Academic integrity
• Consequences of plagiarism
• Common knowledge

A summary is a short overview of the main points of an article or other source, written entirely in your own words. Want to make your life super easy? Try our free text summarizer today!

A summary is always much shorter than the original text. The length of a summary can range from just a few sentences to several paragraphs; it depends on the length of the article you’re summarizing, and on the purpose of the summary.

You might have to write a summary of a source:

• As a stand-alone assignment to prove you understand the material
• For your own use, to keep notes on your reading
• To provide an overview of other researchers’ work in a literature review
• In a paper , to summarize or introduce a relevant study

To avoid plagiarism when summarizing an article or other source, follow these two rules:

• Write the summary entirely in your own words by paraphrasing the author’s ideas.
• Cite the source with an in-text citation and a full reference so your reader can easily find the original text.

An abstract concisely explains all the key points of an academic text such as a thesis , dissertation or journal article. It should summarize the whole text, not just introduce it.

An abstract is a type of summary , but summaries are also written elsewhere in academic writing . For example, you might summarize a source in a paper , in a literature review , or as a standalone assignment.

All can be done within seconds with our free text summarizer .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, May 31). How to Write a Summary | Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/how-to-summarize/

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How to write a critical analysis essay

Published September 27, 2020. Updated May 30, 2022.

Critical Analysis Essay Definition

A critical analysis essay is an in-depth analysis of a book, poem, painting, film, or any other work.

Overview of Critical Analysis Essay

A critical analysis is different from other essays because it evaluates the effectiveness of the work. While writing this essay, you must try to persuade your readers that your analysis of the work is valid and supported. A critical analysis essay is an important exercise because it allows you to refine your critical thinking skills. In order to analyze the work at hand, you must first read it carefully. For a film or painting, enough time should be taken to absorb the subject at hand for all it’s worth. After critically examining the work, an outline should be written for the critical analysis essay. Once the outline is written, take a step back and analyze the subject before beginning the actual essay.

Once you have determined the effectiveness of the author, create a list of reasons why you think the author’s methods were effective, or why you think they were not. Test your reasoning before moving on to the next step. Once you have finalized your list of reasons, turn each one into a separate paragraph. Each of these paragraphs will explore that specific aspect of your argument in detail. You need to provide evidence for your reasoning. You can do this by referring to the text with quotes, paraphrased summaries, or any other type of evidence you think is necessary. Sum up the main points of your analysis and provide your final judgment on the author’s effectiveness. The conclusion is also an ideal place to discuss any potential implications of your argument.

Worried about your writing? Submit your paper for a Chegg Writing essay check , or for an Expert Check proofreading . Both can help you find and fix potential writing issues.

How is a critical analysis essay different compared to other essays?

A critical analysis is distinct from other essays because it evaluates the effectiveness of the work. While writing this essay, you must try to persuade your readers that your analysis of the work is valid and supported. You will do this by basing your argument on facts, evidence, and logical reasoning. A critical analysis is certainly not a simple summary.

Why is a critical analysis essay important?

A critical analysis essay is an important exercise because it allows you to hone your critical thinking skills. As you write this essay, you must evaluate the subject on a deep level. You need to really think about what the subject of your analysis is trying to argue or achieve.

Students who write critical analysis essays are required to put forth a point of view and support their arguments with evidence. Teachers assign these essays to test their pupils’ critical analysis abilities.

Planning Out Your Critical Analysis Essay

Study the topic of your analysis.

In order to analyze the work at hand, you must first read it carefully. The same logic applies to a film or painting — take the time to absorb the subject at hand for all it’s worth. Consider visual and other works the same way that you would a written text.

Take detailed notes — keeping track of your ideas is absolutely critical at this stage. Keep an eye out for any controversial ideas or strong opinions put forth by the author, and jot down your thoughts on a notepad or laptop.

As you read the work and take notes, start to think about:

• What the author is trying to achieve or argue. This is the author’s thesis statement.
• What is their writing or other work attempting to say about a particular issue?

Depending on the type of work or the overall approach of the author, their thesis statement may be easier or harder to determine. For example, it’s easier for some students to find a thesis statement in an academic piece of writing compared to a movie, poem, or literary work of fiction.

Once you have determined the thesis:

• Identify the author’s main ideas.
• Search for ideas that support their thesis statement.
• Look for the strategies and methods the author uses to make their point.

Write an outline

Once you have finished critically examining the work, it’s time to write an outline for your critical analysis essay. Creating an outline will help you keep your writing organized. The general structure of your critical analysis essay should look like this:

Introduction

Think about the text before writing.

Once you’ve written your outline, take a step back and analyze the subject before beginning the actual essay.

Reflect on the analysis topic and thesis. Think about:

• What does the author’s thesis mean to you?
• How does their argument affect you?
• What kinds of thoughts or feelings does it evoke in you?
• Are the concepts well defined?
• What evidence is used, if any?
• Does the work argue something?

In addition, take the time to think about the author (or artist, filmmaker, etc.) and ask these questions:

• Could the author’s background have impacted their opinion/thesis?
• Do they have an inherent bias?
• Is their argument “fair” based on the support they provide?

Remember, you’re writing a critical analysis — so don’t be afraid to critique the work! The “critical” in this essay does not have a negative connotation — it does not always mean “to criticize” like you would someone for doing something wrong. The meaning in the context of this essay is more closely related to critical thinking.

Writing your critical analysis essay

The introduction is a brief overview of what you’ll be analyzing in your critical analysis essay. In order to cover all of the necessary information in your introduction, make sure to mention the following:

• Publication information
• Topic and purpose
• Thesis statement
• How you reacted to the work

Generally speaking, you should end your introduction with your thesis statement. Spend the first portion of the introduction describing the author’s argument. Then spend the latter portion explaining whether or not you think the author succeeded in proving their point. Mentioning your thesis statement at the end of the introduction sets the stage for your analysis and critique.

The next section you’ll need to write is the summary. This is a very quick, surface-level overview of the work, so don’t get too carried away. Try to stick to one paragraph.

Remember, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the author’s argument, not to summarize every little aspect of the work. The summary is the only place in the essay where you’re allowed to sum up the work, as the rest of the essay should be purely devoted to your analysis.

The analysis section represents the main body of your critical analysis essay. Thanks to your earlier research and analysis, you should have a number of points to support your thesis. Refer back to your notes for more insights and ideas.

The thesis itself is pretty straightforward: You’re either arguing that the author made an effective argument, or you’re arguing that they failed to make an effective argument.

On the other hand, the process of actually determining the effectiveness of the author’s argument is complex. In order to determine whether or not the author’s work was effective, you must first clearly define and determine its purpose.

There are three main purposes:

• To persuade
• To entertain

If the purpose was to inform:

• Was the message communicated in a clear and concise manner?
• Did you feel educated?
• Was the information relevant, accurate, and well organized?
• Why or why not? (For all the questions)

If the purpose of the work was to persuade the reader:

• Did the author succeed in changing your point of view?
• What tactics did the author use to accomplish this?
• Did they focus on using reason/logic as a means of persuasion?
• Did they support their argument with facts?
• Were these tactics effective?

If the purpose was to entertain:

• Did the author succeed in their aim? Why or why not?
• How did they use emotions to provoke a response in the reader?
• Were their methods complex, nuanced, and satisfying to the reader?
• How were you affected?
• What kind of emotional response did you have?

The purpose of the work is not the same as the author’s thesis. They may have succeeded in entertaining the reader while still failing to effectively make their argument. To determine whether or not the author achieved their purpose, consider the following:

• The author’s organizational skills
• The intended audience
• The writer’s assumptions about the audience
• Use of language
• Use of imagery

Once you have determined the effectiveness of the author (depending on the purpose of their work), it’s time to defend your stance. This is when you need to use your critical analysis skills.

First, create a list of reasons why you think the author’s methods were effective, or why you think they were not. Test your reasoning before moving on to the next step. Do these reasons actually stand up to scrutiny?

Once you’ve finalized your list of reasons, turn each one into a separate paragraph. Each of these paragraphs will explore that specific aspect of your argument in detail.

Remember, you can’t simply state your opinions. You need to provide evidence for your reasoning. You can do this by referring to the text with quotes, paraphrased summaries, or any other type of evidence you think is necessary.

If you’re having trouble coming up with a list of points to cover, you can refer to this relatively “standard” outline of an analysis section. Each of these topics represents a different body paragraph:

• Organization
• Effectiveness
• Fairness/bias
• Appeal to a specific audience
• How the topic was treated

Within each of these sections, discuss whether the author succeeded or failed in supporting their thesis in the context of that specific subject. For example, did the author’s poor organizational skills hinder their ability to persuade the reader? Did the author succeed in reaching out to a specific audience in order to entertain them based on their unique qualities and predispositions?

Before you turn in that paper, don’t forget to cite your sources in APA format , MLA format , or a style of your choice.

Sum up the main points of your analysis and provide your final judgment on the author’s effectiveness. Don’t repeat yourself. If you must, reword previous arguments made in the analysis section. The conclusion is also an ideal place to discuss any potential implications of your argument.

Here’s a general outline of how you should structure your conclusion:

• Explain whether or not the author was effective in a few short points
• Explain why the author was or wasn’t effective in 2-3 sentences

Example critical analysis essay

Additional tips for writing a critical analysis essay.

• Don’t say “I think” or “in my opinion.” Place the emphasis on the subject, not yourself
• Remember to back up your points with evidence (quotes from the text)
• Don’t assume that your opinion is inherently factual
• Use formal yet persuasive writing
• Don’t be afraid to express a strong opinion
• Don’t include a lengthy summary
• Mention the topic’s relevance in the modern world if possible
• Mention opposing opinions and counter them
• If you have a mostly negative view of the author’s effectiveness, start with your positive points
• If you have a mostly positive view of the author’s effectiveness, start with your negative points
• Carefully revise and edit your essay — ideally with a second set of eyes

Published August 19, 2020.

By Andy Block. Andy received his B.A. in English from the University of South Carolina and his M.A. in comparative literature from the University of New Mexico. After teaching ESL in Asia and Europe as well as public school in New York City, Andy taught writing at a community college for more than a decade before transitioning to a new career in EdTech. He is currently hard at work on a creative non-fiction book and enjoys freelance writing.

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Critical thinking definition

Critical thinking, as described by Oxford Languages, is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.

Active and skillful approach, evaluation, assessment, synthesis, and/or evaluation of information obtained from, or made by, observation, knowledge, reflection, acumen or conversation, as a guide to belief and action, requires the critical thinking process, which is why it's often used in education and academics.

Some even may view it as a backbone of modern thought.

However, it's a skill, and skills must be trained and encouraged to be used at its full potential.

People turn up to various approaches in improving their critical thinking, like:

• Developing technical and problem-solving skills
• Engaging in more active listening
• Actively questioning their assumptions and beliefs
• Seeking out more diversity of thought
• Opening up their curiosity in an intellectual way etc.

Is critical thinking useful in writing?

Critical thinking can help in planning your paper and making it more concise, but it's not obvious at first. We carefully pinpointed some the questions you should ask yourself when boosting critical thinking in writing:

• What information should be included?
• Which information resources should the author look to?
• What degree of technical knowledge should the report assume its audience has?
• What is the most effective way to show information?
• How should the report be organized?
• How should it be designed?
• What tone and level of language difficulty should the document have?

Usage of critical thinking comes down not only to the outline of your paper, it also begs the question: How can we use critical thinking solving problems in our writing's topic?

Let's say, you have a Powerpoint on how critical thinking can reduce poverty in the United States. You'll primarily have to define critical thinking for the viewers, as well as use a lot of critical thinking questions and synonyms to get them to be familiar with your methods and start the thinking process behind it.

Are there any services that can help me use more critical thinking?

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Teaching Critical Thinking

47 pages • 1 hour read

Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Introduction-Teaching 6

Teachings 7-12

Teachings 13-19

Teachings 20-26

Teachings 27-32

Key Figures

Index of Terms

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Discussion Questions

Summary and Study Guide

Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom by bell hooks is an exploration of education and best practices for promoting engagement and critical thinking . In each chapter, hooks responds to essential questions about educational practices and how other concepts intersect with teaching, including spirituality, feminism, touch, and sexuality. She examines the way dominator culture influences how and what educators teach, and she carefully dismantles these practices to expose their problems and to replace them with more meaningful and engaging strategies. hooks views critical thinking as a form of radical openness that can be encouraged through a shared community of learning in the classroom. By inviting teachers and students to share in a process of discussion, mutuality, and love, the classroom community becomes a space of wonder, discovery, and self-actualization . hooks was a prominent culture critic and educator whose work focused on the intersectionality of sexuality, gender, race, class, and culture.

This guide uses the 2010 paperback edition by Routledge.

Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom is a collection of short essays on various topics relating to education. hooks, a renowned cultural critic and educator, uses the work to explore how teachers and students engage in the process of learning. She presents engaged pedagogy as a form of teaching that requires students and educators to participate in a shared community and to acknowledge the innate power disparity of modern education. hooks believes that teachers and students can build a future together through mutuality, active listening, and love. The work centers on engaged pedagogy, a methodology that invites students to bring their personal stories and backgrounds to the material. hooks centers her work on three major themes: Learning as Liberation , Engaged Pedagogy and a Community of Learning , and Critical Thinking as Radical Openness . Each essay, or chapter, is referred to as a “teaching.”

In Introduction-Teaching 6, hooks defines critical thinking and describes how students are taught to fear it. Young children soon learn to abandon their penchant for innovative thinking and imagination to embrace conformity. As a child, hooks was influenced by teachers who instilled in her the value of a democratic education and the importance of thinking. They saw education as a pathway to freedom. When she entered university, she encountered educators who saw her as less than human and who undermined her intelligence and contributions. hooks advocates for engaged pedagogy and promotes the power of educators to build shared communities of learning. She believes engaged pedagogy will help to dismantle the colonization of education and the colonization of the mind. In doing so, educators can restore integrity to the profession.

Teachings 7-12 expand upon the idea that teachers have a responsibility to develop a shared commitment to learning in the classroom. Teachers must hold themselves accountable by defining their purpose as educators and seeking out others with whom they can collaborate and grow. In the classroom, students learn best from discussion and sharing their stories with one another. hooks invites her students to bring their imagination and personal backgrounds to the material, and she encourages them to participate in a reciprocal relationship of learning.

In Teachings 13-18, hooks examines the history of the feminist and civil rights movements in education. The feminist movement changed the dynamic of the classroom and shifted curricular focus from patriarchal expressions of power and intellectual superiority. As a Black educator, hooks highlights the unique challenges that Black teachers, particularly Black female teachers, face while navigating educational systems upheld by dominator culture. She reveals ways teachers can fight back against these systems and how to handle the conflict that arises as a result. She also exposes the innate power hierarchy of the classroom and how teachers can use mutuality and love while maintaining boundaries and integrity.

Teachings 20-26 seek to restore practices and ideas that have been stripped from education. hooks asserts that reverence must be returned to the teaching profession and the intellectual life, and that teachers can assist in this process by developing mutuality in the classroom and embracing their own commitment to thinking and learning. The joy of reading, self-esteem, and spirituality are important considerations for teachers who hope to foster the development of students’ inner lives.

In Teachings 27-32, hooks asserts that love plays a significant role in the classroom. She dismisses educators’ fears about incorporating love into their teaching and challenges feminist thinkers to emphasize love as a part of their practice. In doing so, hooks suggests that writers and thinkers can transcend the criticism and disparity they face. hooks views teaching as a vocation that emphasizes a positive and liberating future. She encourages educators to teach to this future, and she suggests that critical thinking is the roadmap for students to achieve freedom. When students engage in critical thinking, they experience radical openness that has the power to transform their lives.

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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay: Examples & Guide

A critical analysis essay is an academic paper that requires a thorough examination of theoretical concepts and ideas. It includes a comparison of facts, differentiation between evidence and argument, and identification of biases.

Crafting a good paper can be a daunting experience, but it will be much easier if you have the right approach. In this guide by our custom writing team, you will find:

• Different types of critical analysis;
• Best ways to structure your essay;
• Two excellent critical analysis essay examples.
• 📝 Critical Analysis Definition
• ✍️ Writing Guide
• ✅ Critical Analysis Types
• 📑 Examples & Tips

📝 What Is a Critical Analysis?

Criticism is the process of appraising things such as works of art and literature. It comes from the word meaning “able to make judgments”. A critical analysis essay is often referred to as a critical thinking essay, critical response paper, critical evaluation essay, and summary and response essay.

When we hear the word “criticism,” we often associate it with negative judgments. However, to criticize doesn’t necessarily mean to find faults. Even though criticism involves active disagreement, it strives to understand the meaning further and evaluate its efficiency. We call it constructive criticism .

In other words, critical analysis is an evaluation of a piece of work that promotes its better understanding . Have a look at this comparison and see what critical analysis is and what it isn’t:

Aside from art and literature, critical analysis is often used in theoretical research, nursing, and social work. In any of these areas, you have an opportunity to exercise your critical faculties.

Analysis in Writing: Definition & Examples

Analysis is a step you take before writing any paper. It’s aimed at evaluating and interpreting the sources. To do it, you break them down and study them in detail. You can learn more from this article on critical analysis by Southeastern Louisiana University .

In the following table, we’ve compiled several forms of analysis in writing and illustrated each type with a topic example:

What Is the Difference between Summary and Analysis?

Students often confuse analysis with summary and get a lower grade as a result. Here is how two notions differ. A summary is a brief restatement of the text’s main points that involves paraphrasing. An analysis is a detailed examination of the evidence that uncovers something new.

Check out this comparison to understand the difference better:

✍️ How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay

Now, we will show you the steps to writing a critical analysis with examples to guide you through this process. Keep in mind that the purpose of your critical analysis paper is to help readers understand a subject to a full extent.

Critical analysis consists of two stages: critical reading and critical writing. Read on to learn more about them.

Critical Reading Examples & Definition

Critical reading a technique that involves discovering and evaluating the text’s meaning and incorporating it into what you already know. It’s the first stage of critical analysis.

According to Cleveland State University, critical reading occurs after you’ve skimmed the research material and decided where to focus your efforts. While you are reading, use the following techniques to stay on track:

• Determine the central claim and identify how it is argued;
• Look for the large patterns that give purpose, order, and meaning to arguments;
• Contextualize the text within an original historical, political, or religious context;
• Distinguish the kinds of reasoning and methodology the text employs;
• Examine the evidence;
• Recognize manipulations.

When it comes to recognizing manipulations, authors use three persuasive appeals to convince their readers of something: ethos , pathos , and logos .

Now, let’s apply the critical reading techniques to an actual text:

The death estimates during the US invasions of Tokyo were exaggerated by a factor of ten to twenty. The wartime casualty estimates were based on inaccurate assumptions. The data was not updated to exclude the civilians’ deaths and justify the strategic decision to drop off an atomic bomb.

• What is the text saying?  US bombs killed up to two million people.
• What is the text doing?  The death estimates were exaggerated to downplay the casualties and emphasize the importance of dropping the atomic bomb.

When you are able to recognize these persuasive modes in your reading, you can master them in writing.

What Is Critical Writing: Definition & Techniques

Critical writing is a process of commenting on another piece of work using several writing strategies. It is the second stage of critical analysis.

Want to know how to write critically? Have a look at the following tips:

• Take a critical stance: recognize that every text comes from a perspective and is subject to interpretation.
• Pay close attention: look not only for the facts but also for explanations.
• Think big picture : put your sources in context with the time it was written.
• Bring yourself in: consider the connections between several texts and add your own perspective.

When it comes to the critical writing, certain strategies can be beneficial. Yet, others are better to avoid. We’ve compiled the most important dos and don’ts in the table below:

Want to learn more? Check out our article on critical writing .

Critical Analysis Essay Topics: How to Choose

Now that you’ve learned about critical analysis, there is a big question to answer: how do you choose the topic for your essay? It might require using a specific strategy to make the right choice.

Many students find it helpful to have a list of critical thinking questions to answer while brainstorming. We’ve prepared them for you:

• Theme : How well does the author approach the central theme? Are the arguments strong enough?
• Organization : Is this piece of work well-structured and easy to follow?
• Audience : Who is the audience? Are there any manipulations the author is using to persuade the reader?
• Tone : Is there a specific tone used by the author throughout their work? How does it affect the reader?
• Bias and informational gaps : Does the author look at their work from several angles? Are there any contradicting arguments or missing information?
• Word choice : Does the author invent new words? Is the vocabulary serious or silly, casual or technical? How does it affect the overall writing?
• Logos : Does the author use logic to prove their point?
• Ethos : Does the author have any proof of their credibility? Do they claim to be an expert? In what ways is the reader’s trust gained?
• Pathos : Does the author use emotion to connect with the reader? Does the writing appeal to common beliefs and values?

Answering these questions will help you with deciding on critical thinking essay topics. If you want some additional inspiration, feel free to use our topic generator .

Critical Analysis Template

After carefully analyzing all of your sources, you can start writing your first draft using our critical analysis template. Use this outline to structure your essay and to ensure your arguments are related to your thesis.

How to Start a Critical Analysis Essay

To create an outstanding opening paragraph, you may want to start it with a hook. It can be a quote from your source or a rhetorical question. Be sure to make it catchy so that it will grab your reader’s attention.

After you’re done with the hook, write the following:

• the work’s title and some background information,
• an outline of the main ideas from your sources,
• your thesis statement.

Here are two introduction examples for your inspiration:

What happens when there is a considerable wage gap between the upper and middle classes? The unsurprising reality forces poor people to use credit cards to pay off their debt. Credit card industries collect interest from those who can’t pay off their debt right away.

A romantic novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is about overcoming social stereotypes in the name of love. Its main character, Elizabeth Bennet, has to fight against her discrimination against wealthy men like Mr. Darcy to find love and be happy.

Critical Analysis Essay: Thesis

A thesis statement is what you are aiming to prove. Ideally, it should be the first thing you write because every other part of your critical analysis paper will be connected to it.

To create a strong thesis statement, you want to start with a broader idea of what you would like to critique. Then, you narrow it down. Choose a debatable thesis so you can back it up with evidence from your sources and anchor your entire paper around it.

The examples below will help you write your essay’s thesis:

People in positions of power are less likely to recognize the social injustice than marginalized groups of the civilian population.

In a 1989 American superhero film Batman, Tim Burton subverts the concept of heroism by refraining Batman from murder and making him morally ambiguous.

Critical Analysis Essays: Summary and Response

The body paragraphs of a critical essay consist of your source’s summary and a response with arguments.

A summary should present specific facts from your source to help your reader understand your arguments better. You can use these sentence starters to structure a summary:

• The book is about…
• The theme of the article is…
• The author argues that…
• The author concludes…
• The main character is…
• The main points are…

The main plot of Elizabeth Bennet’s plan to save her family from poverty intersects with stereotypes that romantic love and marriage don’t go together. She does not accept a marriage proposal from Mr. Darcy because she does not want to be walking proof that women marry for money. The rejected proposal leads Darcy to open up and change Elizabeth’s perception of him.

A response should present your main arguments that support your thesis statement. Each argument is a sub-thesis that connects to your central thesis. It’s crucial to discuss each point in detail and prove it with strong evidence.

Your arguments should be:

• clear, informative, and persuasive;
• well-researched and backed up with solid evidence;
• connected to your thesis.

At first, Elizabeth Bennet sees Mr. Darcy only as a powerful man with wealth and high social status. For her, he represents a marriage of convenience that she is so desperately trying to fight against. After Mr. Darcy attempts to separate Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth gets proof for her ideas about powerful men who do everything in their power to destroy a loving relationship for a better financial suit.

Critical Essay Outline: Conclusion

The final stage of essay writing is to ensure you have proven your arguments. The goal of your conclusion is to remind the reader of your thesis and the essay’s main points. You may also want to leave them with some final statements for consideration.

Keep in mind that the concluding paragraph is not a place to introduce new evidence. Instead, you can do the following:

• Restate your thesis;
• Summarize your main ideas;
• Talk about the work’s overall performance or outcome;
• Identify potential opportunities for further research or investigation.

Elizabeth Bennet struggles with the societal association of marriage with financial stability. Eventually, she marries a rich man, Mr. Darcy, but she marries him for love rather than his money and social status. Her pride and prejudice towards him were destroyed by his acts of kindness and true love. Their relationship had a rough start, but both of them could get their happy ending by breaking out of old beliefs and habits.

✅ Types of Critical Analysis

Choosing the correct type of analysis will help you stay on track with your research objectives. It will give you the anchor to develop your essay around in a systematic manner.

Critical analysis can be categorized into 4 main types:

• Literary analysis gives a critical evaluation of a literary text.
• Article analysis reflects upon arguments presented in an article.
• Media analysis essay interprets messages conveyed through visual media, music, or radio.
• Cultural analysis interprets cultural phenomena and practices.

Literary Analysis: Definition & Characteristics

Literary analysis is an argument that expresses one’s critical evaluation of a poem, novel, short story, or play. A critique of literature has the same characteristics as other types of critical essays. The difference is the kind of information you can include in this type of essay.

Here’s how to analyze literature:

You will find more interesting info in our article on literary analysis essays .

How to Write an Analysis of an Article

Critical analysis of an article aims to analyze the writing strategies and techniques an author uses to develop their argument. The process is a little different than persuading the reader to accept a particular point of view. Here is a sample outline:

Critical Film Analysis: Types & How to Write

Film analysis goes beyond the plot structure and includes composition elements such as camera work, lighting, costume choices, etc. After watching the film at least twice, you can select what type of film analysis you will be performing. Check out the types and see what they’re about:

• Semiotic analysis involves interpretation of signs and symbols within a film.
• Narrative analysis examines the story the film seeks to tell.
• Historical analysis is an examination of a film’s relationship to a cultural or historical context.
• Mise-en-scène analysis is an analysis of compositional elements used in a scene or a single shot.

Once you’ve chosen a topic, use this outline to guide you through the writing process:

You can learn more from our article on film analysis .

How to Write a Cultural Analysis Essay

Critical analysis essay refers to your comment upon one specific cultural aspect that works or doesn’t work in a society. After you’ve chosen a topic for your cultural analysis paper, you can start drafting your outline. Here is how the structure of this kind of paper differs from others:

Critical Analysis Essay Topics

• Critical analysis of qualitative research article.
• Rhetorical analysis of articles on qualitative studies in healthcare.
• American Exodus by James N. Gregory: Rhetorical Analysis. 
• Critical analysis of religion and faith .
• Analyze the sonnet My Mistress’ Eyes by W. Shakespeare .
• Critical essay on issues of cognitive neuroscience.
• A Doll House as an example of feminist literature: rhetorical analysis.
• Conduct a comparative critical analysis of Judaism and Christianity.
• Rhetorical analysis of an Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf .  
• Semantic meaning of The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath .
• Critical evaluation of Seligman articles.
• Analyze psychological literature based on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by E. Hemingway.
• Rhetorical analysis of literary devices and expressive means in A Good Man Is Hard to Find .
• Analyze the characteristic features of drama using the example of Death of a Salesman .
• Critical analysis of the most popular business strategies .
• Discuss the problem of childhood obesity in Active Living by Van Kann.
• Analyze IT strategies and planning.  
• Critical analysis of a controversial art using the example of Home by Yann Arthus-Bertrand.
• Emotional impact of comedy films.
• Rhetorical analysis of Sophocles’ Antigone as an example of Greek drama.
• Influence of Socrate’s philosophy on the ancient Greek playwrights.  
• Critical analysis of Sophocles’ plays.
• Different sets of values in Everyday Use by A. Walker .
• Analysis of corporate crimes using the example of Lehman Brothers’ scandal.
• Critical analysis of a scientific article based on Nursing Pain Management .
• Different interpretations of A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor.
• Critical analysis of Longinus’ idea of sublime .
• The importance of a teacher’s role in Freedom Writers .
• Critical analysis of the efficiency of CBT.
• Rhetorical analysis of an article on a proactive care program.
• The concept of emotional intelligence: critical analysis.  
• Evaluate implementation of Windsome’s risk management strategy to enhance the company’s response to stress.
• The importance of symbolism in Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s .  
• Critical analysis of Thomas Paine’s pamphlets.
• Rhetorical techniques used in Hamlet by W. Shakespeare .
• In-depth analysis of the modern world’s social issues in The Handmaid’s Tale .
• Social messages in Robinson’s and Kincaid’s stories.  
• Analysis of rhetorical strategies used in Dwellings by Linda Hogan.
• Critical analysis of issues elucidated in A Loss for Words by J. Thurman.  
• Discuss the problems of alienation and perception in The Things They Carried .

📑 Critical Analysis Essay Examples & Bonus Tips

The following writing tips will help you understand how to apply your critical thinking skills in practice and write an excellent critical essay on your own.

Critical Essay Format & Free Samples

Looking for some tips on how to format your paper? This section reflects the latest guidelines for citing your sources with the latest APA 7th and MLA 9th publication manuals.

Before you dive into writing your critical analysis paper, get inspired with some compelling essay examples. The first is a film analysis example. You can download the PDF file below:

The Birds  by Alfred Hitchcock is a thriller that derives its suspense from the violence which stands on the borderline with divine retribution. The birds of the film are the symbol of the said violence and primary actors that contribute to the semiotic revelations of the film.

The following critical analysis essay is concerned with a literary work. You can download it below:

Feminism has been influential in various aspects of society for many decades. With the beginning of women’s emancipation, humanity has progressed not only in political and social life but also in science, culture, and literary studies. A feminist standpoint in literature research points to the limited portrayal of the characters in literary works, which showed the world mainly from a patriarchal perspective.

Here’s the list of critical analysis essay examples. You can check them out to get a better understanding of critical analysis and to gain some inspiration.

• Managing Business Risks: A Critical Analysis
• Nursing Skills for Palliative Care: A Critical Analysis
• Critical Analysis of Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
• Nighthawks by Edward Hopper: Critical Analysis
• Roosevelt and Obama: Critical Analysis of Two Speeches
• “The Love of My Life” by T. C. Boyle Critical Analysis
• Nursing Education-Practice Gap: Critical Analysis
• Affordable Care Act: A Critical Analysis
• Mother Tongue by Amy Tan: Critical Analysis

Bonus Tips: Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the process of conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information. It is about careful reasoning directed to a goal. The main components of this process include observing, wondering, imagining, experimenting, judging, and deciding.

This type of thinking is instrumental in conducting a critical analysis. To succeed at it, you need to be attentive, confident, and open-minded. Below are some questions that you can ask yourself while thinking critically:

• Why are you being told this?
• What are you not being told?
• Who is telling you this?
• How reliable is this information?
• Are there any manipulations involved?
• How else can you analyze the same material?

Critical thinking is a skill that develops with time and effort. However, you may encounter barriers that can prevent you from making accurate judgments. The following tips will help you overcome them:

• Step back from your personal feelings and biases
• Look for different ways to examine the data
• Check your sources for reliability
• Do your best to detect manipulations in arguments
• Always conceptualize what you are reading
• Challenge your worldview

Want to learn more? Feel free to check out our article on critical thinking essays .

Now you know everything necessary to write a perfect critical analysis essay. Feel free to share this article or leave a comment!

Further reading

• How to Write a Critique Paper: Tips + Critique Essay Examples
• How to Write an Art Critique: Examples & Strategies
• How to Write an Analysis Essay: Examples + Writing Guide
• How to Write a Book Review: Format, Outline, & Example
• How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay: Outline, Steps, & Examples

❓ Critical Analysis Essay FAQs

When analyzing any literary text, it is essential to evaluate the work and use the theme to support your opinion. The response’s goal is to show the reader what the selection of the source and the theme means to you personally.

The purpose of a response to a literature essay is to inform your reader about something interesting and insightful you found in a literary work. It may focus on the characters, plot, or theme of the story.

In a critical essay, choose the formal language and avoid using “I” statements. Focus on the piece you are analyzing, its strengths, and weaknesses. Using the first-person singular will take away the reader’s attention from your argument to you.

A critical source is a source that interprets, analyzes, critiques, and adds to the discussion of the primary source. It is then integrated into critical writing. The best critical sources can be found through library catalogs and scholarly databases.

🔍 References

• Critical Analysis: University of Wollongong
• Some Suggestions on Critically Evaluating Your Reading in History: Carleton College
• Criticism and Critical Analysis: Kansas State University
• Resources for Writers: Analytical Writing: Drew University
• Critical Thinking and Writing: University of Kent
• Writing Critical Essays about Literature: Gallaudet University
• Film Analysis: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Cultural Critique: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
• Writing a Critical or Rhetorical Analysis: Bellevue College
• Writing Critical Analysis Papers: University of Washington
• Critical Analysis Template: Thompson Rivers University
• Writing Effective Summary and Response Essays: Colorado State University
• Rhetorical/Critical Analysis: Houston Community College
• Writing Critical Reviews: Queen’s University
• General APA Guidelines: Purdue University
• Using MLA Format: MLA.org
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