Note that when you do this with an online source, you should still include an access date, as in the example.
When a source lacks a clearly identified author, there’s often an appropriate corporate source – the organisation responsible for the source – whom you can credit as author instead, as in the Google and Wikipedia examples above.
When that’s not the case, you can just replace it with the title of the source in both the in-text citation and the reference list:
In-text citation | (‘Divest’, no date) |
Reference list entry | ‘Divest’ (no date) Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divest (Accessed: 27 January 2020). |
Harvard referencing uses an author–date system. Sources are cited by the author’s last name and the publication year in brackets. Each Harvard in-text citation corresponds to an entry in the alphabetised reference list at the end of the paper.
Vancouver referencing uses a numerical system. Sources are cited by a number in parentheses or superscript. Each number corresponds to a full reference at the end of the paper.
Harvard style | Vancouver style | |
---|---|---|
In-text citation | Each referencing style has different rules (Pears and Shields, 2019). | Each referencing style has different rules (1). |
Reference list | Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2019). . 11th edn. London: MacMillan. | 1. Pears R, Shields G. Cite them right: The essential referencing guide. 11th ed. London: MacMillan; 2019. |
A Harvard in-text citation should appear in brackets every time you quote, paraphrase, or refer to information from a source.
The citation can appear immediately after the quotation or paraphrase, or at the end of the sentence. If you’re quoting, place the citation outside of the quotation marks but before any other punctuation like a comma or full stop.
In Harvard referencing, up to three author names are included in an in-text citation or reference list entry. When there are four or more authors, include only the first, followed by ‘ et al. ’
In-text citation | Reference list | |
---|---|---|
1 author | (Smith, 2014) | Smith, T. (2014) … |
2 authors | (Smith and Jones, 2014) | Smith, T. and Jones, F. (2014) … |
3 authors | (Smith, Jones and Davies, 2014) | Smith, T., Jones, F. and Davies, S. (2014) … |
4+ authors | (Smith , 2014) | Smith, T. (2014) … |
Though the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference in meaning:
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, September 15). A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing | Citation Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 July 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/harvard-style/
Other students also liked, harvard in-text citation | a complete guide & examples, harvard style bibliography | format & examples, referencing books in harvard style | templates & examples, scribbr apa citation checker.
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Published February 5, 2021. Updated August 15, 2021.
To cite a dissertation in Harvard style, it’s helpful to know basic information including the author name, dissertation title, degree, name of the institution, and URL.
The templates and examples below are based on the 11th edition of the book Cite Them Right by Richard Pears and Graham Shields. This page is not affiliated with Cite Them Right but uses the text for standardization purposes, as Harvard style can vary widely between institutions. On this page, you can learn how to cite the following:
Dissertation or thesis published in a database
Dissertation or thesis published online (not in a database)
Unpublished dissertation or thesis
If you’re trying to cite a dissertation or thesis, the Chegg Writing Harvard referencing generator could help.
Help protect your paper against accidental plagiarism with the Chegg Writing plagiarism checker and citation generator .
When citing a dissertation or thesis in Harvard style, the author surname and publication year are used in the narrative and parenthetical.
In-text citation template and example:
Surname (Year)
Fenton (2016)
Parenthetical:
(Surname, Year)
(Fenton, 2016)
Reference list entry template and example:
Surname, F.M. (Publication Year) Title of the thesis . Degree thesis/dissertation. University Name. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Fenton, W.P. (2019) On the philosophy and psychology of reasoning and rationality . MA thesis. Kent State University. Available at: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574636850795921 (Accessed: 5 January 2021).
Aloraini (2020)
(Aloraini, 2020)
Surname, F.M. (Publication Year) Title of the thesis . Degree thesis/dissertation. University Name. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).
Aloraini, B. (2020) Towards better static analysis security testing methodologies . MA thesis. University of Waterloo. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/16359 (Accessed: 28 December 2020).
When citing an unpublished dissertation or thesis in Harvard style, the author surname and publication/completion year are used in the narrative and parenthetical.
Balfour (1994)
(Balfour, 1994)
Surname, F.M. (Year) Title of the thesis . Unpublished Degree thesis/dissertation. University name.
Balfour, G.C. (1994) A qualitative study of feminist therapy in Kingston’s Prison for Women . Unpublished MA thesis. University of Ottawa.
For more style basics, read this Harvard referencing in-text citations guide and this article on formatting Harvard referencing style papers .
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Chegg Writing » Harvard Referencing Generator » Citing a dissertation or thesis in Harvard referencing style
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Reference : Author, Initial. (Year of submission) Title of thesis . Degree statement. Degree-awarding body.
Example : Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland . Unpublished PhD thesis. University College Dublin.
In-Text-Citation :
Still unsure what in-text citation and referencing mean? Check here .
Still unsure why you need to reference all this information? Check here .
Create a spot-on reference in harvard, general rules.
According to the Harvard citation style, the same template is used for referencing a master's thesis and a doctoral dissertation in a list of bibliographic references:
Author , ( year ). Title . Work type , University .
NB: Fill in the 'Work type' field the type of work and the academic grade, for instance, 'Ph.D. thesis'.
If the text of the work can be accessed online, use the following template for your reference:
Author , ( year ). Title . Work type , University . [Viewed date viewed ]. Available from: URL
NB: The text '[online]' is not given after the title of the work, in contrast to the references to a book , a journal article , etc.
Middleton, H. J., (2020). *ABA syncretism patterns in pronominal morphology . Ph.D. thesis, University College London. [Viewed 12 January 2021]. Available from: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10105591/
Reed, B. H., (1992). The genetic analysis of endoreduplication in Drosophila melanogaster. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
Reference examples.
Family name, INITIAL(S). Year. Title . Type of qualification, academic institution.
Dang, V.A. 2007 . Three essays in financial economics . Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds.
Author and date.
When the author name is not mentioned in the text, the citation consists of the author’s name and the year of publication in brackets.
It was emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent (Jones, 2017).
If you have already named the author in the text, only the publication year needs to be mentioned in brackets.
Jones (2017) emphasised that citations in the text should be consistent.
If a source has three or more authors, the name of the first author should be given, followed by the phrase "et al."
It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones et al., 2017).
Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent.
Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again.
The key principle of referencing is that the reader should understand which information came from another source and which is your own idea, so you should provide citations as often as is necessary to make this clear. If you feel that you are citing the same source too many times in one paragraph, you could change the way that you are writing:
Example: Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent and argued that referencing is a key part of academic integrity. Furthermore, having a broad range of references in a text is an indicator of the breadth of a scholar's reading and research (Jones et al., 2017). They also suggested that…
You should include page numbers in your citation if you quote directly from the text, paraphrase specific ideas or explanations, or use an image, diagram, table, etc. from a source.
"It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent" (Jones, 2017, p.24).
When referencing a single page, you should use p. For a range of pages, use pp.
p.7 or pp.20-29.
If the page numbers are in Roman numerals, do not include p. before them.
(Amis, 1958, iv)
When you're referencing with Leeds Harvard you may come across issues with missing details, multiple authors, edited books, references to another author's work or online items, to name a few. Here are some tips on how to deal with some common issues when using Leeds Harvard.
Skip straight to the issue that affects you:
Generate accurate Harvard reference lists quickly and for FREE, with MyBib!
A Harvard Referencing Generator is a tool that automatically generates formatted academic references in the Harvard style.
It takes in relevant details about a source -- usually critical information like author names, article titles, publish dates, and URLs -- and adds the correct punctuation and formatting required by the Harvard referencing style.
The generated references can be copied into a reference list or bibliography, and then collectively appended to the end of an academic assignment. This is the standard way to give credit to sources used in the main body of an assignment.
Harvard is the main referencing style at colleges and universities in the United Kingdom and Australia. It is also very popular in other English-speaking countries such as South Africa, Hong Kong, and New Zealand. University-level students in these countries are most likely to use a Harvard generator to aid them with their undergraduate assignments (and often post-graduate too).
A Harvard Referencing Generator solves two problems:
A well-formatted and broad bibliography can account for up to 20% of the total grade for an undergraduate-level project, and using a generator tool can contribute significantly towards earning them.
Here's how to use our reference generator:
MyBib supports the following for Harvard style:
⚙️ Styles | Harvard, Harvard Cite Them Right |
---|---|
📚 Sources | Websites, books, journals, newspapers |
🔎 Autocite | Yes |
📥 Download to | Microsoft Word, Google Docs |
There isn't "one true way" to do Harvard referencing, and many universities have their own slightly different guidelines for the style. Our generator can adapt to handle the following list of different Harvard styles:
Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.
Introduction
Company Information
Conference Proceedings
Journal Articles
Lecture Notes
All Examples
Click on the links below for further information on referencing each material type
Reference Formats
Books/eBooks
Internet/Websites
Multimedia Formats
Newspaper Articles
Patents & Standards
Theses can come in a number for formats, they can be published, unpublished, or retrieved from a database. The principles when citing a thesis are similar to those employed when citing a book.
(Hos 2005) | Hos, JP 2005, Ph.D thesis, University of Western Australia. | |
(May 2007) | May, B 2007, Bristol UK, Canopus Publishing. | |
(Baril 2006) | Baril, M 2006, WU2006.0058. Available from: Australasian Digital Theses Program. [12 August 2008]. |
Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.
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The Harvard citation style is a system that students, writers and researchers can use to incorporate other people’s quotes, findings and ideas into their work in order to support and validate their conclusions without breaching any intellectual property laws. The popular format is typically used in assignments and publications for humanities as well as natural, social and behavioural sciences.
It is a parenthetical referencing system that is made up of two main components:
While in-text citations are used to briefly indicate where you have directly quoted or paraphrased a source, your reference list is an alphabetized list of complete Harvard citations that enables your reader to locate each source with ease. Each entry should be keyed to a corresponding parenthetical citation in the main body of your work, so that a reader can take an in-text citation and quickly retrieve the source from your reference list.
Note that some universities, and certain disciplines, may also require you to provide a bibliography. This is a detailed list of all of the material you have consulted throughout your research and preparation, and it will demonstrate the lengths you have gone to in researching your chosen topic.
‘Harvard referencing’ is an umbrella term for any referencing style that uses the author name and year of publication within the text to indicate where you have inserted a source. This author-date system appeals to both authors and readers of academic work. Scholars find the format an economical way of writing, and it is generally more accessible to the reader as there are no footnotes crowding the page. Only the name of the author, the publication date of the source and, if necessary, the page numbers are included in the parenthetical citations, for example: (Joyce, 2008).
Use the Cite This For Me Harvard style referencing generator to create your fully-formatted in-text references and reference list in the blink of an eye. Stop giving yourself extra pain and work for no reason and sign up to Cite This For Me today – your only regret will be that you didn’t use our citation generator sooner!
The following guide provides you with everything you need to know to do justice to all your hard work and get a mark that reflects those sleepless nights. If you’re not sure how to format your Harvard style citations, what citations are, or are simply curious about the Cite This For Me citation generator, our guide will answer all of your questions while offering you a comprehensive introduction to the style. Keep reading to find out why you need to use a referencing system, how to add citations in the body of your assignment, and how to compile a reference list.
Sometimes, students do not encounter citing until they embark on to degree-level studies, yet it is a crucial academic skill that will propel you towards establishing yourself in the academic community. It’s a common mistake to leave citing and creating a complete and accurate bibliography until the very last minute, but with the Cite This For Me Harvard referencing generator you can cite-as-you-go.
So, if you need a helping hand with your referencing then why not try Cite This For Me’s automated citation generator ? The generator accesses knowledge from across the web, assembling all of the relevant information into a fully-formatted reference list that clearly presents all of the sources that have contributed to your work. Using this Harvard reference generator to cite your sources enables you to cross the finishing line in style.
It is important to bear in mind that there is a plethora of different citation styles out there – the use of any particular one depends on the preference of your college, subject, professor or the publication you are submitting the work to. If you’re unsure which style you should be using, consult your tutor and follow their guidelines. If your lecturer or department does not ask you to use a particular style, we recommend using the Harvard referencing system because it is simple to use and easy to learn.
The powerful citation generator above can auto-generate citations in 7,000+ styles. So, whether your professor prefers that you use the MLA format , or your discipline requires you to adopt the APA citation or Chicago citation style , we have the style you need. Cite This For Me also provides citation generators and handy style guides for styles such as ASA , AMA or IEEE . To accurately create citations in a specific format, simply sign up to Cite This For Me for free and select your chosen style.
Are you struggling with citing an unfamiliar source type? Or feeling confused about whether to cite a piece of common knowledge? This guide will tell you everything you need to know to get both your parenthetical Harvard citations and reference list completed quickly and accurately.
Harvard referencing can be a confusing task, especially if you are new to the concept, but it’s absolutely essential. In fact, accurate and complete referencing can mean the difference between reaching your academic goals and damaging your reputation amongst scholars. Simply put – referencing is the citing of sources you have utilised to support your essay, research, conference or article, etc.
Even if you are using our Harvard style citation generator, understanding why you need to cite will go a long way in helping you to naturally integrate the process into your research and writing routine.
Firstly, whenever another source contributes to your work you must give the original author the appropriate credit in order to avoid plagiarism, even when you have completely reworded the information. The only exception to this rule is common knowledge – e.g., Brazil is a country in South America. While plagiarism is not always intentional, it is easy to accidentally plagiarize your work when you are under pressure from imminent deadlines, you have managed your time ineffectively, or if you lack confidence when putting ideas into your own words. The consequences can be severe; deduction of marks at best, expulsion from college or legal action from the original author at worst. Find out more here.
This may sound overwhelming, but using our Harvard citation generator can help you avoid plagiarism and carry out your research and written work thoughtfully and responsibly. We have compiled a handy checklist to follow while you are working on an assignment.
How to avoid plagiarism:
If you carefully check your college or publisher’s advice and guidelines on citing and stick to this checklist, you should be confident that you will not be accused of plagiarism.
Secondly, proving that your writing is informed by appropriate academic reading will enhance your work’s authenticity. Academic writing values original thought that analyzes and builds upon the ideas of other scholars. It is therefore important to use Harvard style referencing to accurately signpost where you have used someone else’s ideas in order to show that your writing is based on knowledge and informed by appropriate academic reading. Citing your sources will demonstrate to your reader that you have delved deeply into your chosen topic and supported your thesis with expert opinions.
Here at Cite This For Me we understand how precious your time is, which is why we created our Harvard citation generator and guide to help relieve the unnecessary stress of citing. Escape assignment-hell and give yourself more time to focus on the content of your work by using the Cite This For Me citation management tool.
In-text citations are the perfect way to seamlessly integrate sources into your work, allowing you to strengthen the connection between your own ideas, and the source material that you have found, with ease. It is worth noting that in-text citations must be included in your assignment’s final word count.
When adopting Harvard style referencing in your work, if you are inserting a quote, statement, statistic or any other kind of source information into the main body of your essay you should:
There are many assumptions when it comes to the information processing approach to cognition… (Lutz and Huitt, 2004).
In the overview of these developmental theories, Lutz and Huitt (2004) suggest that…
“…the development of meaning is more important than the acquisition of a large set of knowledge or skills …” (Lutz and Huitt, 2004, p.8), which means that …
The results showed that respondents needed to reach out to multiple health agencies in order to cover the costs of their services (Wolbeck Minke et al., 2007).
Fong’s 1987 study (cited in Bertram 1997) found that older students’ memory can be as good as that of young people…
(Fong, cited in Bertram 1997)
Why use a Harvard referencing tool? As well as saving you valuable time, the Cite This For Me generator can help you easily avoid common errors when formatting your in-text citations. So, if you’re looking for an easy way to credit your source material, simply login to your Cite This For Me account to copy, save and export each in-text Harvard citation.
Utilizing and building on a wide range of relevant sources is one way of impressing your reader, and a comprehensive list of the source material you have used is the perfect platform to exhibit your research efforts. A reference list is always required when you cite other people’s work within your assignment, and the brief in-text Harvard style citations in your work should directly link to your reference list.
As a general rule a reference list includes every source that you have cited in your work, while a bibliography also contains any relevant background reading which you have consulted to familiarise yourself with the topic (even those sources that are never mentioned in the narrative). Your Harvard referencing bibliography should start on its own page, with the same formatting as the rest of the paper and aligned to the left with the sources listed alphabetically. Certain fields ask you to provide an annotated bibliography that includes your full citations with the addition of notes. These notes are added to further analyze the source, and can be of any length.
Many people use the terms ‘reference list’ and ‘bibliography’ interchangeably, and if you are using the Harvard reference style you may be required to provide a bibliography as well as a reference list, so be sure to check this with your tutor.
Follow these guidelines when compiling your reference list:
Creating and managing your reference list with the Cite This For Me Harvard referencing generator will help improve the way you reference and conduct research.
Reference list / bibliography examples:
Bell, J. (2010) Doing your research project . 5th edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Hawking, S.W. (1998) A brief history of time: From the big bang to black holes . 10th edn. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group.
Jewsiewicki, B. (2010). ‘Historical Memory and Representation of New Nations in Africa’, in Diawara, M., Lategan, B., and Rusen, J. (eds.) Historical memory in Africa: Dealing with the past, reaching for the future in an intercultural context . New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 53-66.
If all information resembles a book, use the template for a book reference
If a page number is unavailable, use chapter number. URL links are not necessary, but can be useful. When including a URL, include the date the book was downloaded at the end of the Harvard citation:
Available at: URL (Downloaded: DD Month YYYY)
Shakoor, J., et al. (2011) ‘A prospective longitudinal study of children’s theory of mind and adolescent involvement in bullying’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 53(3), pp. 254–261. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02488.x.
Drogen, E. (2014) ‘Changing how we think about war: The role of psychology’, The British Psychological Society 2014 Annual Conference . The ICC, Birmingham British Psychological Society, 07-09 May 2014.
Moon, M. (2019) Ubisoft put an official video game design course inside a video game . Available at https://www.engadget.com/2019/09/25/ubisoft-video-game-design-course/ (Accessed 19 November 2019).
RotoBaller (2019) NFL player news . Available at https://www.rotoballer.com/player-news?sport=nfl (Accessed 17 September 2019).
For both types of web page references, the date the page was published or updated is placed in parentheses immediately following the author information. If a date is missing from the source, place (no date) next to the author’s name and make sure to include an accessed date at the end of the reference.
Are you struggling to find all of the publication information to complete a reference? Did you know that our Harvard citation generator can help you?
Time is of the essence when you’re finishing a paper, but there’s no need to panic because you can compile your reference list in a matter of seconds using the Cite This For Me Harvard style citation generator. Sign in to your Cite This For Me account to save and export your reference list.
Accurate referencing doesn’t only protect your work from plagiarism – presenting your source material in a consistent and clear way also enhances the readability of your work. Closely follow the style’s formatting rules on font type, font size, text-alignment and line spacing to ensure that your work is easily legible. Before submitting your work check that you have formatted your whole paper – including your reference list – according to the style’s formatting guidelines.
How to format in Harvard referencing:
Even when using a Harvard citation generator, always check with your professor for specified guidelines – there is no unified style for the formatting of a paper. Make sure that you apply the recommended formatting rules consistently throughout your work.
The author-date system is attributed to eminent zoologist Edward Laurens Mark (1847-1946), Hersey professor of anatomy and director of Harvard’s zoological laboratory. It is widely agreed that the first evidence of Harvard referencing can be traced back to Mark’s landmark cytological paper (Chernin, 1988). The paper breaks away from previous uses of inconsistent and makeshift footnotes through its use of a parenthetical author-date citation accompanied by an explanatory footnote.
[…] The appearance may be due solely to reflection from the body itself. (Comp. Flemming, ‘78b, p. 310.*)
*The numbers immediately following an author’s name serve the double purpose of referring the reader to the list (p. 591) where the titles of papers are given, and of informing him at once of the approximate date of the paper in question.
A tribute dedicated to Mark in 1903 by 140 students credits Mark’s paper with having ‘introduced into zoology a proper fullness and accuracy of citation and a convenient and uniform method of referring from text to bibliography’ (Parker, 1903). Today Harvard referencing is widely considered one of the most accessible styles and, although it originated in biology, these days it is used across most subjects – particularly in the humanities, history and social science.
Due to its simplicity and ease of use, the format has become one of the most widely used citation styles in the world. Unlike many citing styles there is no official manual, but institutions such as colleges offer their own unique Harvard reference style guide, and each has its own nuances when it comes to punctuation, order of information and formatting rules. Simply go to the Cite This For Me website to login to your Cite This For Me account and search for the version you need. Make sure you apply consistency throughout your work.
It is increasingly easy for writers to access information and knowledge via the internet, and in turn both the style’s guidelines and our citation generator are continually updated to include developments in electronic publishing. The Cite This For Me Harvard style citation generator currently uses the Cite Them Right 10th Edition, which has evolved in recent years to match the rapidly advancing digital age. In order to avoid plagiarism, you must be cautious about pulling information from the internet, and ensure that you accurately cite all source material used in your written work – including all online sources that have contributed to your research.
Key differences from previous Harvard referencing Cite Them Right editions:
These days students draw on a diverse range of digital sources to support their written work. Whether you are citing a hashtag on Instagram , a podcast or a mobile app, the Cite This For Me generator will take care of your Harvard citations, regardless of the type of source you want to cite. So don’t be held back by sources that are difficult to cite – locating unusual source material will help your work to stand out from the crowd.
Creating complete and correctly formatted citations can be a challenge for many writers, especially when documenting multiple source types. Our primary goal at Cite This For Me is to offer support to students and researchers across the globe by transforming the way in which they perceive citing. We hope that after using our citation generator and reading this Harvard referencing guide, what was once considered an arduous process, will be viewed as a highly-valued skill that enhances the quality of your work.
Disheartened by the stressful process of citing? Got a fast-approaching deadline? Using the Cite This For Me fast, accessible and free generator makes creating accurate citations easier than ever, leaving more time for you to focus on achieving your academic goals.
Create a free account to add and edit each Harvard citation on the spot, import and export full projects or individual entries. Things get even easier with Cite This For Me for Chrome – an intuitive, handy browser extension that allows you to create and edit a citation while you browse the web. Use the extension on any webpage that you want to cite, and add it to your chosen project without interrupting your workflow.
The Cite This For Me citation management tool is here to help you, so what are you waiting for? Accurate Harvard citations are just a click away!
Chernin, E. (1988) The ‘Harvard System’: A mystery dispelled. Available at: http://www.uefap.com/writing/referenc/harvard.pdf (Accessed: 4 July 2016).
Parker, G. (ed.) (1903) Mark anniversary volume. New York: Henry Holt.
Create projects, add notes, and cite directly from your browser. Sign up for Cite This For Me today!
Important: The Harvard style is an author-date citation system that has not been updated for more than 15 years and has no official institutional connection to Harvard University . The guidance provided on this website is based on the Australian Government Style Manual . If you have a choice of which citation style to use, a recommended alternative author-date system to Harvard is APA . Please complete this brief survey to assist us with supporting Harvard.
Before selecting a referencing style check with your tutor, lecturer or supervisor for the style preferred by the School or Department.
There are no specific guidelines for citing ChatGPT or other generative AI in the Australian Government Style Manual, which is used as the basis for Harvard style. Until formal guidelines have been provided by the AGPS, references from AI chat generators are being treated as personal communications. As this is an evolving situation, please check with your lecturers for guidance.
Ettinger SJ and Feldman EC (eds) (2010), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat , 7th edn, 2 vols, Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, Missouri.
chapter | |
edition | |
editor (editors) | |
no date | |
series | |
supplement | |
revised | |
translator(s) | |
volume (as in vol. 4) | |
volumes (as in 4 vols.) |
Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks .
Access all referencing FAQs Access further help
There are no specific guidelines for citing ChatGPT or other generative AI in the Australian Government Style Manual, which is used as the basis for Harvard style. In the interim, references from AI chat generators are being treated as personal communications. Use this resource to guide you on how to appropriately acknowledge the use of AI tools and technologies in your assessments.
Check with your lecturers and tutors whether artificial intelligence (AI) text generators are permitted in your assessment tasks. For more information, see the Academic Integrity Statement on Artificial Intelligence Tools and Technologies.
Please complete this brief survey to assist us with supporting Harvard.
(Site and type of request, personal communication, Day Month Year)
(ChatGPT paragraph, request ‘provide a short introduction to the Australian legal system’, 9:30am, 19 January 2023)
Using the prompt in OpenAI’s ChatGPT (9:30am, 19 January 2023), ‘provide a short introduction to the Australian legal system’, the following paragraph was generated…
Explore resources to help with reference management and enable you to effectively integrate and cite sources into your writing and assessment tasks.
Author type, two authors, three or more authors, group as author, edited book, book chapter, online encyclopedia, secondary source, images (all formats), image/photograph/artwork from a book, online image/artwork from a database, online image/artwork, original image/photograph/artwork (viewed in a gallery or collection), journal articles, online journal article, legal material.
See https://www.stylemanual.gov.au/referencing-and-attribution/legal-material
In-text citations.
For general content, in-text citations often give people all the information they need.
The Major Bank Levy Act 2017 imposes a levy on authorised deposit‑taking institutions.
In South Australia v Commonwealth (First Uniform Tax Case) , Chief Justice Latham of the Federal Court ...
Unless it is obvious from the context:
The Loans Security Act 1973 (subsection 5A(b)) provides for ...
Commonwealth legislation ( Loans Security Act 1973 , subsection 5A(b)) provides for ...
Legislation
Long Service Leave (Commonwealth Employees) Regulation 2016
Maintenance Orders (Commonwealth Officers) Act 1966
Major Bank Levy Act 2017
Marine Insurance Act 1909
Legal cases
Dutton v Republic of South Africa [1999] FCA 2
HT v The Queen [2019] HCA 40
South Australia v Commonwealth (1942) 65 CLR 373 (First Uniform Tax Case)
Victorian Railways Commissioners v Brown (1906) 3 CLR 1132
The levy threshold is indexed quarterly. 1
The legislative basis for parliamentary remuneration and entitlements is complex. 2
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 Major Bank Levy Act 2017, subsection 4(3).
2 Section 48 of the Australian Constitution provides for the payment of members of parliament. Commonwealth Acts include Remuneration and Allowances Act 1990, Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973, Ministers of State Act 1952, ... other Acts and associated delegated legislation.
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used (eg. number of authors and source descriptions)
Musical scores are covered in the online Australian Government Style Manual . Our librarians suggest the following, which is slightly different. however we advise that you check with your subject guideline or Tutor for recommended format.
Humperdinck (1895)…
…(Humperdinck 1895).
Elements, punctuation & capitalisation.
Originator of score (Year of publication) Title of score [medium], Publisher.
Humperdinck E (1895), Hansel and Gretel: a fairy opera in three acts [libretto], G Schirmer.
Bach JS (2001), Concerto in D minor for two violins and string orchestra: BWV 1043 [music score], Masters Music.
You may need to consult more than one section to accurately represent the source used. (eg. Number of authors and source descriptions)
Personal communication may include (but is not limited to) email, fax, interview, conversations, lectures, speeches, telephone conversations and letters.
Name of the person interviewed or source of communication, year, communication type, day, month. Additional information may include details of the organisation that the person represents.
In an email dated 6 May 2011, Ms C Jones wrote “the crime was committed during daylight hours.”
It was confirmed recently that the crime was committed during daylight hours (C Jones, personal communication, 6 May 2011).
Reference type, dvd, video, film, tv, radio broadcast, sound recording, webpages, blog posts, forums posts, podcasts, document within a website, online forum posting, audio podcast, sample reference list, reference list.
Allan CM (1965), 'The Genesis of British Urban Redevelopment with Special Reference to Glasgow', The Economic History Review , 18(3):598-613.
Burridge R and Ormandy D (2007), 'Health and Safety at Home: Private and Public Responsibility for Unsatisfactory Housing Conditions', Journal of Law and Society , 34( 4):544-566.
Elliot WE (1921), 'Discussion On The Effect Of Health Legislation On The Health Of The People', The British Medical Journal , 2(3165):313-315.
French C (2006), 'Taking up 'the challenge of micro- history': social conditions in Kingston upon Thames in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries', Local Historian , 36(1):17-28.
Hebbert M (1999), 'A City in Good Shape: Town Planning and Public Health', The Town Planning Review , 70(4):433-453.
March A (2012), The democratic plan: analysis and diagnosis , Ashgate, Farnham.
Platt HL (2007), 'From Hygeia to the Garden City: bodies, houses, and the rediscovery of the slum in Manchester, 1875-1910', Journal of Urban History , 33(5):756-772.
Simon P and Richmond P (2008), 'Cottages, flats and reconditioning: renewal strategies in London after World War One', Construction History , 23:99-117.
Stanley J, March A, Ogloff J and Thompson J (2020), Feeling the heat international perspectives on the prevention of wildfire ignition, Vernon Press, Wilmington, DE.
Swenarton M (2007), 'Houses of paper and brown cardboard: Neville Chamberlain and the establishment of the Building Research Station at Garston in 1925', Planning Perspectives, 22(3):257-281.
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Table of contents.
Citing your sources in academic writing is a lot more involved than mere technicalities; it is rather an essential thing that safeguards the integrity of your research. Almost always, researchers rely on books, articles from journals, and research publications, but dissertations can also be suitable for this information.
A Dissertation is an in-depth research paper one has to present as a requirement for a doctoral degree. It rests upon peculiar discoveries or interpretations and presents the author’s unique ability to work independently.
The blog will focus on the different styles of citing a dissertation. The techniques we will help make your dissertation a perfectly structured one.
Different citation formats offer distinct guidelines for crediting a thesis. It is vital to note which citation type will be needed in the academic paper.
Each has specific guidelines for formatting citations.
The IEEE, the APSA, and the AMA are other formats, which are specifically used by certain disciplines or courses either. For this part, we will dwell on how to cite a dissertation in APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard formats.
When writing a published dissertation, you will find that your University officials will ask you to use the APA style in popular cases such as social sciences, art, humanities, and management. Citations from a dissertation in APA can be either published or unpublished.
When citing a published dissertation from a research database, use the following format:
Author’s Last, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case (Publication or Document No.) [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Database name.
McNiel, D. S. (2004). A personal narrative discussing growing up with an alcoholic father (Publication No. 14596887) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.
(Author, Year)
(McNiel, 2004)
The MLA style might be recommended by the instructor for MLA style scenarios when you are completing a dissertation on arts or humanities.
Last name, First Name. Title of the dissertation. Year Published. Name of University, Degree.
Daniel, Marcus Alexander. Challenges of Software Reuse. 2010. University of California, MA thesis. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Web. 21 June 2005.
(Last Name, Page #)
(Daniel 29)
Chicago Note-Bibliography style has distinctive formatting for dissertation notes and bibliography entry citations.
First-name Last-name, “Title of Dissertation” (Publisher, Year).
Alex Brown, “Advantages and disadvantages of reusing software” (University of Nebraska, 1995).
Last name, First name. “Title of Dissertation.” Year.
Brown, Alex. “Advantages and disadvantages of reusing software.” 1995.
Different from the Note-Bibliography format, the Chicago Author-Date format offers a lot of variation. Here you will learn how to cite a published dissertation in MLA.
Last name, First name. Year. “Title of Dissertation.”
Kerry, Alex. 2015. “The multimedia and newspaper importance.”
(Kerry, 2015)
The study of writing citations in Harvard style should be done according to a structured procedure. This is how that can be done, with an example.
First Name – Middle & Last name initials Year, Title of thesis, Institution issuing degree.
William, C.W. 2018, Using a model of emotional self-efficacy in predicting work outcomes, Alliant International University, San Diego.
(William, 2018)
Wrapping it up:.
By citing the works of others, you demonstrate that you are aware of other people’s research contributions, several of which sometimes come with dissertation concerns. The provided manual in this regard represented how to precisely cite a dissertation in APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard styles with relevant examples.
Whether it be your research or your citation, you can rest assured that it will be checked by our team of veterans in the fields of our background and they will ensure that your work is of the highest academic standards.
Do not let citation puzzles scare you anymore. Contact our dissertation writers today!
Dissertationwriting.us.com is offering top-notch services tailored to meet your unique needs. We take pride in our commitment to provide utter customer satisfaction. Our dedication is evident in every aspect of our service. We value your success
Use these tools to help you organize and cite your references:
If you have questions after consulting this guide about how to cite, please contact your advisor/professor or the writing and communication center .
Because there is no one standard citation style used at MIT:
Academic organizations and some disciplines outline their own styles of how to cite sources and format research papers. You may have heard of or used some of the styles before.
Consult these print and online style guides for examples of citing sources in the text of your paper and in a bibliography or reference list. See also information about citation software packages supported by the MIT Libraries.
MLA : Modern Language Association [Humanities]
APA : American Psychological Association [Social Sciences]
CMS : Chicago Manual of Style [various subjects]
ACS : American Chemical Society
CSE : Council of Science Editors
IEEE : Institute of Electronics & Electrical Engineers
NLM : National Library of Medicine or AMA : American Medical Association
Various styles - the following resources provide examples of citing sources in several styles
Thesis support: managing your research.
Veröffentlicht am 29. Juli 2019 von Mandy Theel . Aktualisiert am 25. Januar 2024.
Gib beim Zitieren von Dissertationen die Art der Arbeit und das Studienfach an. Falls die Arbeit nicht publiziert wurde, füge den Zusatz ,unveröffentlicht‘ und die Universität hinzu.
Zitiere eine Dissertation nur, wenn
Fehler kostenlos beheben
Wissenschaftliche arbeiten als quelle nutzen, dissertation im text zitieren, dissertation im literaturverzeichnis.
Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten von anderen Studierenden können als Quelle für die eigene Arbeit dienen.
Beispiele für die Nutzung einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit:
Generell empfiehlt es sich, nur Dissertationen oder Doktorarbeiten zu zitieren.
In Deutschland und der Schweiz besteht die Veröffentlichungspflicht von Dissertationen. Das bedeutet, dass alle Dissertationen zitierwürdig in einem Verlag oder einer elektronischen Datenbank publiziert werden müssen.
Dadurch werden die Dissertationen für eine große Leserschaft öffentlich zugänglich und auch als Quelle in deiner Arbeit für deine Leserschaft einsehbar.
Bachelorarbeiten oder Masterarbeiten sind in der Regel nicht veröffentlicht, das heißt, sie sind nicht in z. B. einem Verlag oder einer öffentlichen Datenbank publiziert.
Möchtest du z. B. aus einer Bachelorarbeit zitieren, musst du daher den Zusatz unveröffentlicht in der Quellenangabe angeben.
Wenn eine Bachelorarbeit oder Masterarbeit öffentlich zugänglich ist, z. B. mit einer URL oder in einer Bibliothek, ist es möglich, diese zu zitieren. Sie ist dadurch zwar nicht im wissenschaftlichen Sinne veröffentlicht bzw. publiziert, jedoch für deine Leserschaft nachvollziehbar.
Da die Bewertungskriterien für diese Arbeiten jedoch meist unbekannt und die Inhalte nicht vertrauenswürdig genug sind, raten wir davon ab.
Erfahre binnen 10 Minuten , ob du ungewollt ein Plagiat erzeugt hast.
Plagiatsprüfung testen
Füge an der Stelle im Fließtext, an der du aus der Dissertation zitierst oder paraphrasierst , einen kurzen Verweis ein.
Je nach Zitierweise kann sich der Verweis direkt im Fließtext ( APA , MLA und Harvard-Zitierweise ) oder in der Fußnote ( Deutsche Zitierweise ) befinden.
Die Quellenangabe einer Dissertation im Literaturverzeichnis ist fast wie die Quellenangabe eines Buches aufgebaut.
Die Quellenangabe enthält:
Du findest alle Informationen auf dem Titel der Dissertation.
Akademische Grade wie Doktortitel (Dr.) können in der Quellenangabe weggelassen werden.
Verwende diese nur, wenn du selbst nicht auf die Originalquelle zugreifen kannst.
Übernimm für die Art der Dissertation und das Studienfach immer den genauen Wortlaut, der auf der Titelseite selbst verwendet wird.
Wurde die Dissertation bei einem Verlag veröffentlicht, solltest du diesen in deiner Quellenangabe nennen.
Falls die Dissertation über die Hochschule veröffentlicht wurde, musst du den vollständigen Namen und den Ort der Hochschule angeben.
Dissertationen sind häufig über Open-Access-Veröffentlichungen zugänglich. Füge in diesem Fall die URL deiner Quellenangabe hinzu.
Zu den Scribbr-Generatoren
Wenn du diese Quelle zitieren möchtest, kannst du die Quellenangabe kopieren und einfügen oder auf die Schaltfläche „Diesen Artikel zitieren“ klicken, um die Quellenangabe automatisch zu unserem kostenlosen Zitier-Generator hinzuzufügen.
Theel, M. (2024, 25. Januar). Dissertation zitieren - Voraussetzungen und Anleitung. Scribbr. Abgerufen am 22. Juli 2024, von https://www.scribbr.de/richtig-zitieren/dissertation-zitieren/
Das hat anderen studierenden noch gefallen, übersicht zur richtigen quellenangabe, internetquellen zitieren, artikel aus einer wissenschaftlichen zeitschrift zitieren, aus versehen plagiiert finde kostenlos heraus.
Feyaad Allie , Assistant Professor of Government, has received a host of awards from the American Political Science Association (APSA) for his dissertation “Power Exclusion and Identity: The Politics of Muslim Marginalization in India”.
The dissertation won the Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best dissertation in Comparative Politics. The award was created in recognition of Dr. Gabriel Almond’s contributions to the discipline, profession, and APSA.
From the APSA Democracy and Autocracy Section , Feyaad was awarded the Juan Linz Prize for Best Dissertation in the Comparative Study of Democracy and the Best Fieldwork Award. The Juan Linz Prize is awarded to the best dissertation on democratization and the development and dynamics of democracy and authoritarianism. The Best Fieldwork Award reconigizes dissertations which involve especially innovative and difficult fieldwork in the comparative study democracy.
Feyaad’s dissertation studies a fundamental question in political science: how to create an inclusive political system in multi-ethnic societies. Specifically, he studies the origins of the political exclusion of Indian Muslims, when they can break out of this exclusion, and why – even when they break out – they often struggle to sustain power. A central finding of the dissertation is that when Muslims gain political power, it can consolidate Hindu voters in opposition and fragment the Muslim community on sub-identities, making it difficult for them to maintain power.
Feyaad Allie joined the department in 2023 as a post-doctoral fellow before his tenure-track appointment. He received a Ph.D. in Political Science from Stanford University and a BA in Government from Dartmouth College. His research centers on democracy, identity, and intergroup relations with a regional focus in South Asia, primarily India. Feyaad is currently working on a book manuscript based on this dissertation work.
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Wallace DA , Redline S , Sofer T , Kossowsky J. Environmental Bright Light Exposure, Depression Symptoms, and Sleep Regularity. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2422810. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22810
© 2024
Bright light therapy (BLT) may treat depression symptoms, 1 but how light exerts mood-boosting effects is still under investigation. Here, we evaluate sleep regularity in the association between bright light and depression symptoms.
This cross-sectional study of 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, representative of the noninstitutionalized US population, included nonpregnant participants 18 years or older with valid light and actigraphy (wrist-worn GT3X+; ActiGraph) for bright light (time above lux threshold [TALT 1000 ]) and sleep regularity index (SRI) 2 measures (eMethods in Supplement 1 ) and follows STROBE guidelines. Depression symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating greater frequency of depression symptoms). This analysis used publicly available, deidentified data from NHANES, which was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All participants provided written informed consent.
This analysis was conducted between March 2023 and May 2024. Associations between TALT 1000 , SRI, and PHQ-9 score were tested in weighted linear, quasi-Poisson, and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, season, employment, physical activity, sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), and serum cotinine (eMethods in Supplement 1 ). Sex differences were tested with weighted t tests. In exploratory analyses, associations between TALT 1000 and vitamin D, vitamin D and SRI, and TALT 1000 and SRI with vitamin D as a potential mediator were tested in weighted linear regression models. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed in R, version 4.1.1 (R Foundation).
There were 6639 participants included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 49.41 [17.41] years; 52.2% female; self-reported 8.3% Mexican American, 4.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 11.3% non-Hispanic Black, 67.7% non-Hispanic White, 5.7% other Hispanic, and 2.6% other or multiracial). Male participants had greater TALT 1000 and fewer depression symptoms than female participants ( Table 1 ). Greater TALT 1000 was associated with lower depression symptoms (β = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.34 to −0.04) but not more severe depression. TALT 1000 was no longer associated with depression score after adjusting for SRI (β = −0.11; 95% CI, −0.26 to 0.04; P = .13). Longer duration in bright light was associated with more regular sleep (β = 1.60; 95% CI, 0.95-2.25). Likewise, more regular sleep was associated with a lower depression score (β = −0.05; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.03) and lower odds of mild or more severe depression (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) ( Table 2 ). In exploratory analyses, more vitamin D was associated with greater TALT 1000 and more regular sleep but not depression symptoms.
In this study, greater sleep regularity partly explained the association between greater bright light exposure and lower depression symptoms. More vitamin D was associated with more regular sleep timing but not depression. Our findings align with prior population-based research, supporting reduced depression among those with greater daytime light exposure. 3 Bright light therapy can be effective at improving numerous mood outcomes, 4 possibly through effects on sleep and the circadian system. 5 Sleep regularity may be an important modifier of BLT 2 and relate to chronotype and phase angle of entrainment. 6 However, sleep regularity is not often considered in BLT. The phase-shifting effect of light may be limited in people with irregular sleep schedules, requiring a larger dose or altered timing of light exposure. Irregular sleepers may benefit from a light intervention. 2
This study has strengths and limitations. It used a nationally representative sample of adult participants with objective measures of individual light exposure, actigraphy, and vitamin D. This is a cross-sectional analysis, so causality cannot be ascertained, and associations may be bidirectional. Although we are unable to rule out that mood may also influence time spent outdoors and/or bright light avoidance, our results support the need for further prospective analyses to test the causality of these factors. Future studies of BLT should consider the role of sleep regularity.
Accepted for Publication: May 19, 2024.
Published: July 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22810
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License . © 2024 Wallace DA et al. JAMA Network Open .
Corresponding Author: Danielle A. Wallace, MPH, PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, 221 Longwood Ave, BL-252, Boston, MA 02115 ( [email protected] ).
Author Contributions: Dr Wallace had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Concept and design: Wallace, Kossowsky.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Wallace, Kossowsky.
Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.
Statistical analysis: Wallace, Kossowsky.
Obtained funding: Wallace, Redline, Kossowsky.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Sofer.
Supervision: Redline.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Wallace reported receiving a past travel award and providing unpaid committee service for the Sleep Research Society outside the submitted work. Dr Redline reported receiving personal fees from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Co, and ApniMed outside the submitted work and being a member of the board of directors for the National Sleep Foundation (unpaid) and member of the board of directors for the Alliance for Sleep Apnea Partners (unpaid). No other disclosures were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH-NHLBI T32HL007901 [to Dr Wallace], K99HL166700 [to Dr Wallace], K01DA057374 [to Dr Kossowsky], and R35 HL135818 [to Dr Redline]).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The National Institutes of Health had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Data Sharing Statement: See Supplement 2 .
September 4 @ 11:00 am - 1:00 pm.
Peyton will present the thesis entitled “Development of predictive tools for Alzheimer’s disease using multiomic platforms through application of penalized regression techniques”. The thesis committee is chaired by Dr. Christoph Lange, and includes Dr. Georg Hahn and Dr. Erin Lake.
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1. Basic Format. In Harvard, the following in-text citation format is used for the dissertation: (Author Surname, Year Published) For example, 'Occasionally the talent for drawing passes beyond mere picture-copying and shows the presence of a real artistic capacity of no mean order. (Darius, 2014)'. In Harvard, the following reference list ...
A thesis is a long-term, large project that involves both research and writing; it is easy to lose focus, motivation, and momentum. Here are suggestions for achieving the result you want in the time you have. The dissertation is probably the largest project you have undertaken, and a lot of the work is self-directed.
This guide introduces the Harvard referencing style and includes examples of citations. Welcome Toggle Dropdown. A-Z of Harvard references ; Citing authors with Harvard ; ... Title of thesis (in italics). Degree statement. Degree-awarding body. Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). In-text citation: (Smith, 2019)
Cite A Dissertation in Harvard style. Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator to cite a dissertation. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator.
Citing a Secondary Source: In this case, state the reference you used first followed by 'cited in' and the original author: Smith 2000 (cited in Mitchell, 2017, p. 189) or (Smith, 2000, cited in Mitchell, 2017, p. 189) 3. How to Cite Different Source Types. Reference list references vary quite a lot between sources.
Harvard; In-text citations and reference list; Articles; Books; Conference papers; Webpages; Reports; Video, film, television; Figures and tables; Standards and patents; Generative artificial intelligence (AI) Computer software and mobile applications; Legal sources; Thesis or dissertation. Thesis or dissertation; Personal communications
To cite a PhD thesis in a reference entry in Harvard style include the following elements:. Author(s) of the PhD thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J.) of up to three authors with the last name preceded by 'and'. For four authors or more include the first name followed by et al., unless your institution requires referencing of all named authors.
Sources with multiple authors in the reference list. As with in-text citations, up to three authors should be listed; when there are four or more, list only the first author followed by ' et al. ': Number of authors. Reference example. 1 author. Davis, V. (2019) …. 2 authors. Davis, V. and Barrett, M. (2019) …. 3 authors.
In-text citations. Two or more works cited at one point in the text. If two or more works by different authors or authoring bodies are cited at one point in the text, use a semi-colon to separate them: (Larsen 2000; Malinowski 1999) The authors should be listed in alphabetical order. Two or three authors or authoring bodies.
15. 24. Citing and Referencing:Harvard StyleThere are many st. les that can be used for referencing. When you are given coursework or dissertation guidelines, check which style of referencing your lec. urer or department asks you to use. If you don't check, and you use a style that is not the one stated in your guide.
Citing a dissertation or thesis published in a database in Harvard referencing style. When citing a dissertation or thesis in Harvard style, the author surname and publication year are used in the narrative and parenthetical. In-text citation template and example: Narrative: Surname (Year) Fenton (2016) Parenthetical: (Surname, Year) (Fenton, 2016)
Theses. Reference: Author, Initial. (Year of submission) Title of thesis. Degree statement. Degree-awarding body. Example: Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland. Unpublished PhD thesis. University College Dublin. In-Text-Citation:
According to the Harvard citation style, the same template is used for referencing a master's thesis and a doctoral dissertation in a list of bibliographic references: Author, ( year ). Title. Work type, University. NB: Fill in the 'Work type' field the type of work and the academic grade, for instance, 'Ph.D. thesis'.
Jones et al. (2017) emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent. Ibid. Leeds Harvard does not use ibid to refer to previously cited items. If you are citing the same item twice in a row (i.e. you do not cite any other items in the text between the two citations) you must write the full citation again.
A Harvard Referencing Generator is a tool that automatically generates formatted academic references in the Harvard style. It takes in relevant details about a source -- usually critical information like author names, article titles, publish dates, and URLs -- and adds the correct punctuation and formatting required by the Harvard referencing style.
Does the source present a large amount of information on the topic? Or is it short and focused? Are there any points you feel may have been left out, on purpose or accidentally, that affect its comprehensiveness? Automatic works cited and bibliography formatting for MLA, APA and Chicago/Turabian citation styles. Now supports 7th edition of MLA.
In-Text Citation: Reference List Entry: Thesis: Unpublished (Hos 2005) Hos, JP 2005, Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes. Ph.D thesis, University of Western Australia. Thesis: Published (May 2007) May, B 2007, A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud.
Harvard Citation Generator >. Cite a Dissertation. Creating accurate citations in HARVARD has never been easier! Automatically cite a dissertation in HARVARD by using Citation Machine's free citation generator.
Using the Cite This For Me fast, accessible and free generator makes creating accurate citations easier than ever, leaving more time for you to focus on achieving your academic goals. Create a free account to add and edit each Harvard citation on the spot, import and export full projects or individual entries.
Important: The Harvard style is an author-date citation system that has not been updated for more than 15 years and has no official institutional connection to Harvard University. The guidance provided on this website is based on the Australian Government Style Manual.If you have a choice of which citation style to use, a recommended alternative author-date system to Harvard is APA.
In-text Citation: (Kerry, 2015) Method of Citing a Dissertation in Harvard Format. The study of writing citations in Harvard style should be done according to a structured procedure. This is how that can be done, with an example. Format: First Name - Middle & Last name initials Year, Title of thesis, Institution issuing degree. Example:
Consult these print and online style guides for examples of citing sources in the text of your paper and in a bibliography or reference list. See also information about citation software packages supported by the MIT Libraries. MLA: Modern Language Association [Humanities] MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MIT only, online subscription)
Understand the importance of using citation management tools and strategies Compare EndNote and Zotero to best serve your thesis needs Identify and locate citation export options in major databases Use "cite while you write" features
Dissertation im Text zitieren. Füge an der Stelle im Fließtext, an der du aus der Dissertation zitierst oder paraphrasierst, einen kurzen Verweis ein.. Je nach Zitierweise kann sich der Verweis direkt im Fließtext (APA, MLA und Harvard-Zitierweise) oder in der Fußnote (Deutsche Zitierweise) befinden.Dissertation im Literaturverzeichnis
A widespread myth about a ninth-century Khazar Khan named Bulan has him choosing a religion for his people, asking representatives of Christianity from Constantinople, Islam from the Arab world, and Judaism to come teach his court about their faiths and practices. The Muslim representative explained they did not drink alcohol, and was dismissed ...
Each chapter of this dissertation, taken in view of (1)-(5), features θas a process of interest. In Chapter 1, θ represents a sequence of motifs (distinctive patterns) that describe the shape and future evolution of a time series (individual measurements of this time series are Y i ).
Feyaad Allie, Assistant Professor of Government, has received a host of awards from the American Political Science Association (APSA) for his dissertation "Power Exclusion and Identity: The Politics of Muslim Marginalization in India". The dissertation won the Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best dissertation in Comparative Politics. The award was created in recognition of...
Corresponding Author: Danielle A. Wallace, MPH, PhD, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, 221 Longwood Ave, BL-252, Boston, MA 02115 ([email protected]). Author Contributions: Dr Wallace had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data ...
From Harvard via Moscow to West Berlin: educational technology, programmed instruction and the commercialisation of learning after 1957 ... Lukas Boser for scanning an unpublished dissertation in Stanford for me; Eneia Dragomir, Michael Geiss, Sebastian Gruenig, Rebekka Horlacher, the editors of History of Education and the two anonymous ...
Peyton will present the thesis entitled "Development of predictive tools for Alzheimer's disease using multiomic platforms through application of penalized regression techniques". The thesis committee is chaired by Dr. Christoph Lange, and includes Dr. Georg Hahn and Dr. Erin Lake.