questions to ask students to promote critical thinking

15 Questions that Teachers and Parents Can Ask Kids to Encourage Critical Thinking

By Maureen Leming

Each student walks across the graduation stage, diploma in one hand and a proverbial toolbox in the other. Inside the box is every skill and piece of knowledge they've learned throughout their childhood. The contents of this toolbox will be their building blocks to success beyond high school.

In addition to impressive classroom discoveries — like producing electricity from potatoes or building their own paper mache volcano — there's a vital skill every student should possess: critical thinking. They'll use this skill to assess, critique, and create, propelling them to thrive in the real world as they participate in engaging conversations and offer constructive solutions to real-world issues.

Fortunately, this valuable skill can be developed both inside and out of the classroom. Teachers and parents can encourage kids to think deeply and critically about the world by asking good questions. We'll explore why, as parents and teachers, the questions we ask our kids matter — and what we can be asking to help them excel.

How Questions Guide Young Students’ Critical Thinking 

Critical thinking is about so much more than simply knowing the facts. Thinking critically involves applying reason and logic to assess arguments and come to your own conclusions. Instead of reciting facts or giving a textbook answer, critical thinking skills encourage students to move beyond knowing information and get to the heart of what they really think and believe. 

15 Questions to Encourage Critical Thinking

What is one of the best ways to encourage critical thinking? By asking excellent questions! 

We have compiled a list of 15 questions that you, as a teacher or parent, can ask to encourage kids to think outside the box. Let's dive in.

1. How Do You Know This? 

Whether it was by word of mouth, classroom knowledge, or a news report, this question prompts students to consider whether their source of information is reputable.

2. How Would Your Perspective Be Different If You Were on the Opposing Side?

This question encourages kids to role-play from an opposing person’s viewpoint and discover a perspective outside their own so that they can better understand the broader situation. Extracurriculars like debate class — mandatory for all Hun middle school students — is a powerful way to accomplish this goal, as students must thoughtfully anticipate their opposition's arguments in order to counter them.

3. How Would You Solve This Problem?

Finding creative solutions to common problems is a valuable life skill. This question is the perfect opportunity to encourage young minds to wander!

4. Do You Agree or Disagree — and Why?

Choosing a side in any debate challenges students to consider both perspectives, weigh the arguments, and make an informed choice. 

5. Why? Why? Why?

Just like when you were a young kid, ask why repeatedly to push students beyond a simple first, second, or even third answer, to get to the real depth. Be careful, though, not to ask them to the point of frustration — you want learning and exploring to be a positive experience.

6. How Could We Avoid This Problem in the Future?

Ask students to apply critical thinking by analyzing how they could prevent a certain issue from reoccurring.

7. Why Does It Matter?

Whether they're learning about a historical event or a mathematical concept, it's important to understand why the topic is relevant today.

8. What's Another Way to Look at This Issue?

It can be easy to learn one worldview and automatically believe it is the only, or the best, way. Challenging kids to think of a creative alternate perspective encourages them to think more broadly.

9. Can You Give Me an Example?

Inventing an example, or pulling from experience to share a real one, is an excellent way to apply critical thinking skills.

10. How Could It Have Ended Differently?

It takes some innovation and careful analysis to storyboard a different ending, considering "what could have been" rather than "what is." 

11. When Will We Be Able to Tell If It Worked?

Kids will be pushed to consider what constitutes success and how it can be measured in scenarios where the results aren't set in stone.

12. Why did you ask that question?

Instead of answering a question at face value, this question encourages kids to think about what the merits of the question may be.

13. Who Would Be Affected by This?

Students as the next generation of leaders and game-changers. When making any decision, it's important to consider who will be impacted and how.

14. What Can This Story Teach Us About Our Own Lives?

From literature to social studies, students interact with all kinds of different stories. Help them take these narratives one step further by examining how it relates to their lives.

15. Why Is This a Problem?

Analyzing why something is a problem — rather than just accepting that it is — will help students develop strong problem-solving skills of their own.

The Hun School of Princeton Teaches Critical Thinking

At the Hun School of Princeton, our teachers ask these questions, and more, in combination with our student-centered learning approach that helps kids of all ages think critically about what they’re learning. 

As a premier private school in Princeton, NJ , we aim to help students think deeply and develop well-rounded skill sets through immersive, problem-based learning . 

Schedule a tour today to see our program in action!

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Questions to provoke critical thinking.

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Varying question stems can sustain engagement and promote critical thinking. The timing, sequence and clarity of questions you ask students can be as important as the type of question you ask. The table below is organized to help formulate questions provoking gradually higher levels of thinking.

Lower Levels

Higher Levels

1  From Alison King, “Inquiring Minds Really Do Want to Know: Using Questioning to Teach Critical Thinking,” Teaching of Psychology 22 (1995): 14.

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180 Unique Question of the Day Ideas To Promote Critical Thinking

For discussions, journaling, and community building.

Students get better at answering questions by, well, answering questions. Asking a question of the day, where each student has an opportunity to think about it and respond, builds a knowledge of how questions work. It also improves students’ language and communication skills as they create their answers and listen to what others are saying. Questions that are more introspective can also help students understand themselves better as they reflect on their day or experiences.

Below are 180 questions to use with students from kindergarten through high school to get them thinking and talking.

Want this entire set of questions in one easy document? Get your free Google Slides presentation by submitting your email here. All you need to do is post one of the questions on your whiteboard or projector screen. Then let kids take it from there.

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How To Use Questions of the Day

By definition, you can use questions of the day any time. But it can be helpful to set up structures around them. For example, you could incorporate a question of the day during morning meeting. Or you could end the day with a question of the day that students respond to in the time between packing up and going home.

When you assign a question of the day, provide routine around it. Incorporate a question of the day into each morning meeting or daily warm-up. Give students time to think about the question and jot down some notes if they are going to discuss it. And for students who are able to write, give them time to write their response in a journal.

If a question of the day has few answers (yes or no, would you rather …), encourage students to expand on why they chose their answer. Is there a funny experience that makes them choose one thing over another? Or can they talk about the time they held a lightening bug or jumped off the diving board?

Question of the Day Ideas for Early Elementary Schoolers

Young students love to share and are eager to feed off each others’ answers. Use these questions to engage kindergartners through second graders in thinking about topics that might be top of mind or something they’ve never thought about before.

Experience Questions of the Day

• Have you ever been to a farm?
• Have you ever been on a road trip?
• Have you ever been on an airplane?

• Have you ever traveled by boat?
• What is the most interesting vehicle you have ever traveled in?
• What country are you most interested in visiting?
• Do you like to swim?
• Would you rather swim in a lake, the ocean, or a pool?
• Have you jumped off a diving board?
• Have you ever climbed a tree?
• What games do you like to play with friends?

• When it rains, do you go inside or play outside?
• Have you ever caught a lightning bug?
• Have you ever held a ladybug?
• Have you ever been inside a fire truck?
• What is your favorite ice cream?
• What musical instrument would you like to play?

Imagination Questions of the Day

• Would you live in a tree house?
• If you found a pot of gold, what would you do with it?
• Would you let Goldilocks come to your house?
• Would you have a pig for a pet?

• What do you put on your ice cream?
• Do you like sunny days or rainy days?
• If you could have a wild animal for a pet, which wild animal would you choose?
• What fairy-tale character would you like to meet?

Preference Questions of the Day

• What is your favorite animal to see at the zoo?
• What is your favorite sport to play?
• What is your favorite Olympic sport to watch?
• What’s your favorite flavor of chips?
• What’s your favorite Popsicle flavor?
• What do you like to watch on TV?
• What is your favorite ice cream flavor?

• What is your favorite time of day?
• What is your favorite day of the week?

Reflection Questions of the Day

• What are you very good at?
• What makes your family special?
• What is one rule at home that you would change if you could?

• What is your best quality?
• What makes you different from your friends?
• What makes you unique in your family?
• How does your family show you that they love you?
• Think about a friend you have. What is special about that friend?
• What makes you a good friend?

Question of the Day Ideas for Upper Elementary Schoolers

Third, fourth, and fifth graders are eager to share and are ready to really reflect and think through scenarios. For more personal questions, give students the option of whether or not they want to share.

• If you were a shark, what kind of shark would you be?
• Would you rather be a giraffe or have a giraffe for a pet?
• Do you think you would like to be president of the United States?
• When you are sad or mad, what makes you feel better?
• Which fictional character are you most like?

• If you invented a robot, what would it do?
• If a genie granted you three wishes, what would you wish for?
• If you could invent a new video game, what would it be about?
• If you could fly, where would you go?
• Would you rather sit in the back of the class or the front?
• If you could paint your own room, what color would you paint it?
• If you were principal for a day, what would you do?
• If unicorns were real, would you want one for a pet?
• If you could travel to any planet, which one would you choose?

• If you could open a store, what would you sell?
• If you could start a club, what club would you start?
• What is the best gift you have ever given someone?
• What is a time you felt lucky?
• If you were going to start a band, what genre of music would you play?
• What is your favorite kind of birthday cake?
• What is a movie that you would recommend to everyone in your grade?
• What is a book that everyone in elementary school should read?

• What is your favorite holiday?
• Who is your favorite person in the world?
• What is the best gift you have ever received?
• Which do you like better, ice cream or cookies?
• Do you like clowns? Why or why not?
• What is your favorite type of weather?
• Where would you like to go on vacation?
• If you were going to take a long trip, would you rather travel by car or plane?

• What sports do you play or what activities do you do after school?
• If you were going to compete in the Olympics, which sport would you compete in?
• Do you prefer to do sports or athletic activities by yourself (running, yoga) or with a team?
• What is your favorite snack food?
• What word would you use to describe yourself?
• What skills are you particularly good at? What helped make you so good at these skills?
• What chore do you actually enjoy doing?
• What is your least favorite chore to do?
• Which family member do you want to be like when you grow up?

• How do you show your family that you love them?
• What makes you unique in your group of friends?
• What makes your group of friends special?

Question of the Day Ideas for Middle Schoolers

Middler schoolers are full of opinions. Help them think through their reasoning by modeling how you think through your responses to questions of the day. Consider providing a journal that students can respond in, and let them indicate whether or not they want you to read it.

• What is a movie that everyone in middle school should watch?
• What is a book that everyone in middle school should read?
• What is your favorite holiday tradition?
• What is your favorite sport?
• Of all the places you’ve visited, what is your favorite?

• What is your favorite dish at your favorite restaurant?
• Would you rather watch a movie at home or in the theater?
• What is your favorite board game or video game to play?
• If you won the lottery, what would you do with the money?
• If you could add one thing to the lunch menu at school, what would you add?
• If you could learn a new instrument, which would you choose?

• If you could be invisible for a day, what would you do?
• If you could live on Mars, would you?
• If you were going to open a business, what kind of business would it be?
• If you could eat one snack for the rest of your life, which snack would you choose?
• If you could give one gift to every child in the world, what would it be?
• If you had a signature sandwich, what would it be made of? What would you name it?
• If you had to throw out everything but one possession, what would you keep?

• If you were president of the United States, what kind of president would you be?
• What mythical creature would you want for a pet?
• What ecosystem would you like to explore?
• What is the hardest thing about being a middle schooler?
• What three words would you use to describe yourself?

• What irritates you the most?
• What makes someone a hero?
• What is the biggest challenge facing humanity today?
• How do you define success?
• What is one thing that adults could learn from kids?
• How does the weather affect your mood?
• On your favorite vacation, where did you go? What did you do?
• What sports do you play now? Do you think you will continue those in high school?
• What do you think makes a good teammate?

• What skill could you teach to others?
• When you’ve had a bad day, how do you help yourself feel better?
• What motivates you most? (Rewards, prestige, knowing things, power)
• When do you think a person becomes an adult?
• What makes your best friend special?
• What family member do you admire the most?
• What chores do you actually like to do?

• What is most important to your family?
• How do you show your family you appreciate them?

Big Picture Questions of the Day

• What would you like to see changed in the world?
• If you could invent a rule that everyone followed, what would the rule be?
• How do you think life will be different when you are an adult?

• What do you think the world will be like in 50 years?
• If you had a time machine, would you travel to the past or the future?
• Do you think students should have to take gym (or play a sport)? Why or why not?

Question of the Day Ideas for High Schoolers

High schoolers are coming into their own. They’re ready to think through questions and discuss and debate them with evidence and support, not just their opinion. Questions of the day in high school are a way to build in more critical thinking and to encourage students to think through their values and beliefs.

• What TV show could you binge-watch over and over?
• What is a movie that every high schooler should watch?
• What is a book that every high schooler should read?
• What is one holiday tradition that you plan to keep doing as an adult?

• Where is your favorite place to sit in a class? Do you think this would change if it were a large lecture hall compared to a small discussion class?
• If you got to plan a vacation, where would you go?
• When you plan a vacation, do you prefer to have everything planned out or would you rather play it by ear?
• What would you do with one extra hour each day?
• If you could eat only one food for the rest of your life, what would you eat?
• If you could teach a class, what would you teach?
• If you could change the ending to a book or movie, which ending would you change and why?
• If you could meet someone from the past, who would you like to meet?

• If you could go back in time, what period would you travel to?
• If you were president of the United States, what policies would you focus on?
• If you were stuck on a desert island, what three things would you want with you?
• If you could travel back in time to five years ago, what would you tell your younger self?
• What do you see yourself doing in 10 years?
• What is the hardest thing about being a high schooler?
• What is the hardest thing about growing up?
• What is the best advice someone has given you?
• What has your most significant accomplishment been so far?

• How would you describe your personality?
• How do you handle it when you are confused or unsure about something?
• What was the most important invention in human history and why?
• In your life, what is one thing you would want to become an expert at and why?
• What is the most valuable thing in your life and why?

• How important is the weather for you when you are planning where to live or where to move for college?
• What sports or extracurriculars have you done in high school? What are your favorite memories from these activities?
• What sports or activities do you want to keep doing in college or after high school?
• What skills have you gotten really good at as a child/teen? What could you do with those skills after high school?
• How do you help yourself recover from a setback or bad day?

• What values are most important to you?
• What would you like to be famous for as an adult?
• What does success look like for you?
• How can you change the world in your lifetime?
• What is the most valuable quality in a leader?
• Should everyone have to get a high school diploma? A college degree?
• What should the United States require of its citizens?

• Would you support every 18-year-old having to complete a year in the army? Why or why not?
• Do you think the voting age should be moved from 18?

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Questions to End the Day

Sometimes you need a question to wrap up the day. Since every day is different, set a schedule for how to end each day.

• What made you smile today?
• Who was kind to you today? Who were you kind to?
• What made you happy (or excited or proud) today?
• What made you laugh today?
• What are you thankful for today?
• What was the best part of your day?
• How did you challenge yourself today?
• Are you ending the day more stressed or more relaxed than you started?

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48 Critical Thinking Questions For Any Content Area

Critical thinking questions include, ‘Why is this important? What are the causes and effects of this? How do we know if this is true?”

What Are Critical Thinking Questions For Any Content Area?

by TeachThought Staff

Critical thinking is the heart and soul of learning, and–in our estimation anyway–ultimately more important than any one specific content area or subject matter.

It’s also an over-used and rather nebulous phrase — how do you teach someone to think? Of course, that’s the purpose of education, but how do you effectively optimize that concept into lasting knowledge and the ability to apply it broadly?

Looking for more resources to teach critical thinking? Check out our critical thinking curricula resources on TpT.

What Is Critical Thinking?

This question is what inspires the creation of seemingly endless learning taxonomies and teaching methods: our desire to pin down a clear definition of what it means to think critically and how to introduce that skill in the classroom.

This makes critical thinking questions–well, critical.  As Terry Heick explains in What Does Critical Thinking Mean?:

“To think critically about something is to claim to first circle its meaning entirely—to walk all the way around it so that you understand it in a way that’s uniquely you. The thinker works with their own thinking tools–schema. Background knowledge. Sense of identity. Meaning Making is a process as unique to that thinker as their own thumbprint. There is no template.

After circling the meaning of whatever you’re thinking critically about—navigation necessarily done with bravado and purpose—the thinker can then analyze the thing. In thinking critically, the thinker has to see its parts, its form, its function, and its context.

After this kind of survey and analysis you can come to evaluate it–bring to bear your own distinctive cognition on the thing so that you can point out flaws, underscore bias, emphasize merit—to get inside the mind of the author, designer, creator, or clockmaker and critique his work.”

A Cheat Sheet For Critical Thinking

In short, critical thinking is more than understanding something — it involves evaluation, critiquing, and a depth of knowledge that surpasses the subject itself and expands outward. It requires problem-solving, creativity, rationalization, and a refusal to accept things at face value.

It’s a willingness and ability to question everything.

The Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Digital Thinking by Global Digital Citizen Foundation is an excellent starting point for the ‘how’ behind teaching critical thinking by outlining which questions to ask.

It offers 48 critical thinking questions useful for any content area or even grade level with a little re-working/re-wording. Enjoy the list!

48 Critical Thinking Questions For Any Content Area

See Also:  28 Critical Thinking Question Stems & Response Cards

TeachThought is an organization dedicated to innovation in education through the growth of outstanding teachers.

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16 Critical Thinking Questions For Students

Critical thinking is an essential skill that empowers students to think critically and make informed decisions. It encourages them to explore different perspectives, analyze information, and develop logical reasoning. To foster critical thinking skills, it is crucial to ask students thought-provoking questions that challenge their assumptions and encourage deeper analysis. Here are 16 critical thinking questions for students to enhance their problem-solving abilities:

• What evidence supports this argument?
• Can you identify any biases in this article?
• How does this relate to what we have learned previously?
• What alternative solutions can you propose to this problem?
• How might different cultures perceive this situation?
• What assumptions underlie this theory?
• How reliable is the source of this information?
• Can you identify any logical fallacies in this argument?
• What impact does this decision have on various stakeholders?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of this argument?
• How might you approach this problem differently?
• Wha t ethical considerations need to be taken into account?
• Can you identify any gaps in the evidence provided?
• How does this concept apply to real-world situations?
• What are the potential consequences of this decision?
• How might you evaluate the credibility of this research?

By incorporating these critical thinking questions, educators can help students develop essential skills such as analyzing information, evaluating arguments, and problem-solving. Encouraging students to think critically will not only benefit their academic performance but also prepare them for success in various aspects of their lives.

Remember, critical thinking is a skill that can be nurtured and strengthened with practice. By guiding students to ask and answer these thought-provoking questions, educators can create a learning environment that fosters independent thinking and creativity.

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15 Awesome Critical Thinking Questions You Should Ask Students

Critical thinking can be difficult to teach, but it is a skill students must acquire.

Without critical thinking , students will encounter difficulty as they advance through their academic careers and may fall behind their peers. In many school environments, there is a push toward using test performance as the main marker of achievement. While standardized testing is a part of a student’s academic experience, it is just one part.

Critical thinking helps students develop analytical skills that will be useful throughout their lives. Not only during their educational years. The key to developing this skill is the use of question prompts that help them to, in essence, think for themselves. Too many students fall into the trap of believing that answers are always right or wrong, without any room for nuance or a variety of correct viewpoints.

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15 awesome critical thinking questions you should ask students

Incorporating critical thinking questions can help students think more analytically and prompt them to formulate their ideas. Great questions can be broken out into these different ways:

• Critical thinking questions start with “where.”
• Critical thinking questions start with “what.”
• Critical thinking questions start with “who.”
• Critical thinking questions start with “how.”
• Critical thinking questions start with “when.”
• Critical thinking questions start with “why.”

Take a look at these 15 awesome critical thinking questions that can help students think better:

• What else could have changed the whole story?
• What questions would you have asked?
• What is the character’s motive?
• How could the story have ended differently?
• How would you solve this problem?
• Who is the most important character?
• Who would be affected by this?
• When did the story change?
• When does this become a problem?
• Where would you most often find this problem?
• Where can you get more information?
• Why is this important?
• Why is this a problem?
• Do you agree with this outcome?
• Could this story be interpreted differently?

You will notice that none of the questions could be answered with “yes” or “no”. They are all open-ended and meant to be probing and thought-provoking. Their most effective aspect is that they will force the student to think about their interpretation or reaction rather than giving a “right” answer.

Use these questions throughout your teaching to encourage your students to think for themselves and draw conclusions. When students are only taught to memorize answers and facts, their analytical skills may not develop sufficiently. And without critical thinking skills, it will be more difficult for them to grasp more abstract concepts as they progress through each educational level.

The short story is one of the most effective vehicles for critical thinking questioning. Have the class read the same story and then gather for discussion once everyone has finished reading. Use this time to ask these questions, but allow the students to conclude. If you feel that a student is off base in their assessment, use gentle guiding statements to help steer them in the right direction. Never tell them their wrong answer or discourage them from sharing their thoughts.

The strategy behind this teaching method is to get the students to think independently and in a more grey area than close-ended questions allow. Suppose a student has a contrarian viewpoint to expound upon their idea and further discuss what events in the story caused them to think this way. With patience and guidance, your students will soon grasp the concept of critical thinking and will grow more comfortable discussing their ideas. This can be a very exciting time as a teacher, as it shows how much students are individuals and need to have their thoughts and ideas.

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Examples of Critical Thinking Questions for Students

By Med Kharbach, PhD | Last Update: May 22, 2024

Critical thinking is an essential cognitive skill that entails the ability to reason, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information. It goes beyond mere acquisition of knowledge. Instead, it involves deep, reflective thought, demanding us to question our assumptions, weigh evidence, and consider consequences. It’s about making clear, reasoned judgments. In essence, critical thinking is thinking about thinking, in a manner that allows us to improve the quality of our thinking.

In our daily lives, critical thinking helps us better understand ourselves, other people, and the world around us. It aids in problem solving, aids in the formation of beliefs and opinions, and encourages curiosity and creativity.

For example, when you’re faced with a major decision like purchasing a house, critical thinking enables you to weigh the pros and cons, assess the credibility of your sources of information, consider alternative options, and make a well-informed decision.

In professional situations, critical thinking is equally important. It helps us navigate complex work situations, make informed decisions, solve problems efficiently, and think creatively. For instance, if a company faces a decline in sales, critical thinking would help diagnose the root cause of the issue, evaluate different strategies to address the problem, and make effective decisions to rectify the situation.

The importance of critical thinking is particularly crucial for students. It provides them with the necessary skills to understand complex concepts, evaluate the credibility of sources, engage in thoughtful discussions, and develop reasoned arguments. It lays the foundation for lifelong learning and the ability to adapt to an ever-changing world.

This brings us to the concept of critical thinking questions . These are questions that are specifically designed to promote critical thinking. They go beyond factual inquiries, prompting individuals to analyze, synthesize, apply, and evaluate information. Critical thinking questions challenge the conventional wisdom and encourage individuals to think deeper, questioning the why’s and how’s.

They serve as a tool to spark intellectual engagement and stimulate thoughtful and reflective responses. As we delve further into this blog post, we will explore different types of critical thinking questions and how they can be applied in various contexts.

Related: Best TED Ed Lessons on Critical Thinking

Tips on Formulating Critical Thinking Questions

Creating good critical thinking questions involves understanding the basics of inquiry and knowing how to stimulate higher order thinking. Here are some tips and steps on formulating effective critical thinking questions:

Characteristics of Good Critical Thinking Questions:

• Open-Ended: Good critical thinking questions are typically open-ended, meaning they don’t have a single, simple answer. They invite students to think deeply and come up with their unique insights.
• Thought-Provoking: Effective questions challenge assumptions and encourage students to think creatively and critically. They provoke curiosity and exploration.
• Promote Discussion: The questions should stimulate meaningful discussions. The responses to these questions should not end the conversation, but rather, foster a deeper exploration of the topic.
• Clear and Understandable: The question should be framed in such a way that it is clear and easy to understand. Confusing questions can deter students from critical thinking.

Steps to Create Effective Critical Thinking Questions:

• Identify Your Learning Goals: Start by figuring out what you want your students to learn or achieve. Your question should align with these learning goals.
• Consider the Cognitive Level: Depending on the depth of thinking you want to stimulate, frame your questions accordingly. For instance, for higher order thinking, you might want to ask analysis, evaluation, or creation questions.
• Draft Your Question: Begin drafting your question. Remember, the best questions are open-ended and require more than a yes or no answer.
• Refine Your Question: Review your question. Is it clear? Does it promote discussion? Does it align with your learning goals? Refine as necessary.
• Test Your Question: Try out your question with a few students or colleagues to see if it stimulates the kind of discussion you’re hoping for. Be open to further refining your question based on the results.

Keep in mind that the goal of asking questions is not to ‘stump’ the students, but to promote intellectual engagement and thought. The best questions often lead to more questions, igniting a passion for learning and exploration.

Types of critical thinking questions

Critical thinking questions can be divided into the following categories:

1. Analysis Questions

Analysis questions ask the respondent to break a concept or idea into its component parts for examination. These questions can help uncover underlying structures, patterns, or meanings. They often involve words like “compare”, “contrast”, “classify”, “divide”, etc.

Example: “Compare the political ideologies of democratic socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. What are the similarities and differences between them?”

2. Evaluation Questions

Evaluation questions call for the respondent to make a judgment about the value of something, based on defined criteria. They often use terms like “critique”, “justify”, “validate”, “defend”, etc.

Example: “Evaluate the effectiveness of the government’s pandemic response measures. What were the successes and shortcomings?”

3. Inference Questions

Inference questions require the respondent to go beyond what is explicitly stated and make logical conclusions or predictions based on the information provided. Key words often include “infer”, “deduce”, “predict”, “conclude”, etc.

Example: “Given the recent surge in online shopping trends, what can you infer about the future of brick-and-mortar retail stores?”

4. Application Questions

Application questions involve applying knowledge or concepts to new situations or contexts. These questions often involve “applying”, “utilizing”, “implementing”, or “executing” learned knowledge.

Example: “How would you apply the principles of conflict resolution that we studied to resolve a disagreement in your workplace?”

5. Synthesis Questions

Synthesis questions invite the respondent to combine different pieces of information, ideas, or concepts to form a new whole or propose a solution. Words often associated with these questions are “design”, “formulate”, “propose”, “create”, etc.

Example: “Based on your understanding of climate change and renewable technologies, propose a comprehensive strategy for a city to reduce its carbon footprint.”

These types of questions, when used in the appropriate contexts, can help foster a deep level of understanding and stimulate higher-level thinking.

Examples of Critical thinking Questions

Here are some examples of critical questions that you can use to stimulate students’ critical thinking skills, encouraging them to analyze, evaluate, and create new ideas based on what they’ve learned.

• What do you think would happen if…?
• Can you explain why…?
• How would you solve this problem using different strategies?
• Can you compare and contrast these two concepts?
• How can you demonstrate your understanding of this concept in a different way?
• How would you categorize these items, and why did you choose to do it that way?
• What patterns or connections do you see in the information provided?
• How might you interpret these findings from another perspective?
• Can you design a…to…?
• How would you prove or disprove this statement?
• How can we improve…?
• What would be the consequences if…?
• Can you predict the outcome if…?
• What is the relationship between…?
• How can this be applied to other situations?
• What are the possible solutions for…?
• Why do you think that… happened?
• How can we test the validity of…?
• What alternative would you suggest for…?
• How can you illustrate this concept in a diagram?
• What would you recommend, and why?
• How is this similar to…?
• Can you make a general rule about…?
• How would you evaluate…?
• What evidence do you have for your claim?
• What are the implications of…?
• How does this contradict or confirm your understanding of…?
• Can you think of an example where…?
• How would you justify…?
• What do you think is the significance of…?

In conclusion, critical thinking questions are an indispensable tool for stimulating and nurturing the intellectual capabilities of students. They’re not just questions, but sparks that ignite the curiosity, analytical ability, and problem-solving skills in a learner. They invite students to dig deeper, challenge their preconceptions, and engage with material on a more profound level.

These questions play a pivotal role in taking learning beyond the simple absorption of facts into the realm of true understanding and application. They prepare students for the complexities of the real world, honing their ability to analyze situations, make decisions, and innovate solutions.

As educators and teachers, fostering this skill in students through the strategic use of critical thinking questions should be a top priority. So, let’s continue to question, to probe, and to encourage our students to do the same, for it’s in the exploration of these questions that true learning lies.

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Meet Med Kharbach, PhD

Dr. Med Kharbach is an influential voice in the global educational technology landscape, with an extensive background in educational studies and a decade-long experience as a K-12 teacher. Holding a Ph.D. from Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Canada, he brings a unique perspective to the educational world by integrating his profound academic knowledge with his hands-on teaching experience. Dr. Kharbach's academic pursuits encompass curriculum studies, discourse analysis, language learning/teaching, language and identity, emerging literacies, educational technology, and research methodologies. His work has been presented at numerous national and international conferences and published in various esteemed academic journals.

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Effective Critical-Thinking Questions to Use in Class

Jessica shaffer.

• May 17, 2021

What is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking does not have just one definition, but one way to explain it is that it is “thinking about one’s thinking.” A critical thinker does not always take things at face value and will question ideas to further understand them. Critical thinkers also have the ability to see past the surface of something, and they possess important skills such as the ability to analyze, interpret, make inferences, and problem-solve. Critical thinkers also tend to be inquisitive about many issues, have a concern to remain well-informed, and embrace and even seek out critical thinking opportunities. Simply stated, critical thinkers think deep thoughts.

What is the Importance of Critical Thinking for Students?

Back in the day, school was different! Honestly, even a year ago, school was far different than it is now, but there is currently so much more emphasis on the “why” and the “how” than just knowing what the answer is. Critical thinking skills are important for students because of the curricula they are exposed to. “Right there” questions are few and far between and students have to rely on their own ability to dig deeper and read between the lines. There is a lot of emphasis placed on college and career readiness, and part of that is to prepare students to problem solve when there is no apparent answer.

Critical thinking provides students opportunities to acquire the higher-level thinking skills that will be needed for career and beyond. It is important to teach students at a young age that you cannot find the answer to everything in a book or through Google. You have to look within yourself to find many answers and, most importantly, justify why that is your answer. There are many ways teachers can incorporate these types of questions throughout the day, you just have to change your mindset a bit!

Critical Thinking Questions to Use in Class

A teacher will ask questions that usually contain one of the following components: who, what, where, when, how, or why. Using good questioning techniques is important and not always as difficult as it seems. Just changing the way that you start a question can change the way students think about an answer or solution. For example, instead of asking students “Who stole the pizza?”, ask students, “Why would that character want to steal the pizza?”

A critical thinking question should aim to make you think. It should lead students to ponder the answer and discuss possible solutions. Critical thinking questions can even lead to disagreements and arguments that can turn into an impressive teachable moment.

One way to incorporate a solid critical thinking question into a math lesson is to have the students solve a problem, and then ask students how they solved the problem. You can have the students talk it out or have each student write down a written explanation and then share it out. Either of these techniques gives various perspectives on how to solve the same problems and can help students to develop math sense.

Another way to incorporate critical thinking questions into math is to present a problem that is solved incorrectly and have students analyze the mistake. Students will have to solve for the correct answer and determine where the mistake occurred. To make this even more challenging, present a word problem or a multi-step story problem to further present critical thinking challenges.

Making inferences is generally one of the most difficult skills for students to learn. This is where students must use their critical thinking skills to understand what is not written or observed. Students must use evidence and couple it with reasoning skills to form a conclusion. A basic example would be looking at a photograph of a dog holding a leash in its mouth and coming to the conclusion that the dog would like to go for a walk.

Morning journals for students can present the perfect opportunity to enhance critical thinking skills. Instead of asking basic questions with basic answers, create questions that force students to think outside the box. For example, ask the question, “Is creativity something that can be measured? Should it be?” Instead of asking what creativity is and giving an example, this question makes a student pause and think about the answer before beginning to respond. These are the types of questions that can frustrate students “in a good way.”

A great way to encourage critical thinking in ELA is to ask students to write an alternate ending to a story. This promotes creativity and deep thinking. Then, students can explain how changing the ending of the story could have an impact on not just the novel, but the world. Encouraging students to think on a more global level also encourages a higher-level of thinking as well as a better understanding of the culture of the world, not just the small bubble they reside in.

Science is a subject perfect for inquiry! Having students think as an engineer would is a critical thinking skill at it’s finest. Students have to design a solution, test it, and then design an even better solution in order to combat weaknesses in the original design. This can be applied at any grade level.

A terrific way to incorporate critical thinking in Social Studies is similar to ELA by changing the outcome of important events in history. For example, have students discuss how our lives would be different if the Civil War had been won by the South. How would it have changed subsequent events in our history and what would life be like today? The opportunities are endless.

Ending Thoughts

All in all, teachers can create many opportunities each and every day for students to use critical thinking skills. It is as simple as starting the day off with a critical thinking question and changing certain techniques. Even if you ask the students a basic question, follow it up with something that requires more depth of thought. As the great Albert Einstein once said, “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.” Force students to think about their thinking, and get them ready for the real world!

• #CriticalThinking , #TeachingStrategies

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Using Student-Generated Questions to Promote Deeper Thinking

Asking students to create their own questions has a powerful impact on learning. Plus, 5 tips to encourage high-quality questions.

You’ve seen a penny hundreds, if not thousands, of times. But can you draw one from memory?

In a famous decades-old study , adults were asked to draw a U.S. penny without any aids. Although they were confident that they knew what a penny looked like, their performance on the test was “remarkably poor.” And when shown pennies with slightly different characteristics, such as misplaced text or with Lincoln’s portrait facing the wrong direction, few were able to identify the inaccuracies.

It’s a maddening quirk of human memory: We’re often convinced that we know something, but upon closer examination, it’s just an illusion. And this, of course, is no surprise to teachers, who often encounter students who overestimate how well they know a topic.

Understanding how people learn and reliably commit things to memory is what prompted psychology professor Mirjam Ebersbach and her colleagues at the University of Kassel to study how students prepare for an exam, and what strategies yielded the optimal improvements in student learning.

In a recent study , Ebersbach and her research team randomly assigned 82 university students to one of three groups. In the restudy group, students simply revisited and restudied the material from a lesson in their psychology course. In the testing group, students studied the material and then took a short 10-question quiz. In the last group, students studied the same material and then created their own probing questions.

One week later, all of the students took a test on the material. Students in the restudy group scored an average of 42 percent on the test, while students in the testing and generating questions groups both scored 56 percent—an improvement of 14 percentage points, or the equivalent of a full letter grade.

“Question generation promotes a deeper elaboration of the learning content,” Ebersbach told Edutopia. “One has to reflect what one has learned and how an appropriate knowledge question can be inferred from this knowledge.”

Stronger Memory Traces

Why is generating questions so effective? Past studies reveal that learning strategies that require additional cognitive effort— retrieval practice, elaboration, concept mapping , or drawing , for example—encourage students to process the material more deeply and consider it in new contexts, generating additional memory traces that aid retention.

Yet the most commonly used strategies are also the least effective. In the study, students filled out a survey identifying the learning strategies they typically used when studying for exams. By far, they said that taking notes and restudying were their go-to strategies—a surprisingly common finding that’s been regularly reported in the research . Less than half as many mentioned practice tests, and only one student among 82 mentioned generating questions.

Passive strategies such as rereading or highlighting passages are “superficial” and may even impair long‐term retention, Ebersbach explained. “This superficial learning is promoted by the illusion of knowledge, which means that learners often have the impression after the reading of a text, for instance, that they got the messages. However, if they are asked questions related to the text (or are asked to generate questions relating to the text), they fail because they lack a deeper understanding,” she told Edutopia.

That lasting “impression” of success makes it hard to convince people that rereading and underlining are, in fact, suboptimal approaches. They register the minor benefits as major improvements and hold fast to the strategies, even when the research reveals that we’re wrong.

Getting Students to Generate Productive Questions in Class

While generating questions is an effective study strategy, it also can be adapted into a classroom activity, whether online or in person.

Here are five ideas to incorporate student-generated questions into your classroom.

Teach students how to ask good questions: At first, it can be difficult for students to generate their own questions, and many will start with simple yes/no or factual prompts. To encourage better questions, ask students to think about and focus on some of the tougher or more important concepts they encountered in the lesson, and then have them propose questions that start with “explain” or that use “how” and “why” framing. Direct your students to road-test their questions by answering them themselves: Do the questions lead to longer, more substantive answers, or can they be answered with a simple “yes” or “no”?

A bonus: Students who propose questions and then answer them to test their soundness are also relearning the materials more deeply themselves. Very sneaky.

Play Jeopardy! : Research shows that active learning strategies, such as using the format of the popular game show Jeopardy! to review concepts, not only boosts student engagement but also increases academic performance. You can involve students by asking them to write the questions themselves.

To create the game, specialized software isn’t even necessary: The researchers in the study used the wiki feature in the class’s learning management system to create a 6x5 table with each cell containing a question. Similarly, you can use PowerPoint or Google Slides to create the Jeopardy! game grid. Here’s a handy template .

Have students create their own test and quiz questions: Is it cheating if students write the questions to the exam? In a 2014 study , researchers evaluated a strategy whereby students not only developed the learning materials for the class but also wrote a significant part of the exams. The result? A 10 percentage point increase in the final grade, attributed largely to an increase in student engagement and motivation. Popular tools like Kahoot and Quizlet are fun and convenient ways to create quizzes, no matter if your classroom is in person, hybrid, or virtual.

Improve class-wide discussions: In a 2018 study , students were asked to write questions based on Bloom’s taxonomy; questions ranged from lower-order true/false and multiple-choice questions to challenging questions that required analysis and synthesis. The students not only enjoyed the exercise—many called it a “rewarding experience”—but also scored 7 percentage points higher on the final exam, compared with their peers in other classes.

Use some class time to identify the characteristics of higher-order questions; then collect student questions and discuss some of the more challenging ones as a group.

Get at ‘driving questions’: For Andrew Miller, a former high school teacher and current administrator at an international pre-K–12 school, taking a page out of project-based learning and asking students to create driving questions —such as “Why do leaves have different shapes?”—not only enhances their understanding of the topic but also “creates interest and a feeling of challenge” that can draw in even the most reluctant students.

17 Types of Questions for Teachers in the Classroom

Questions are the foundation of almost any class, but knowing when to ask the right ones may require some pre-planning. Educators can use different types of questions in teaching to check on a student’s understanding, spark discussion, or help others learn from their peers.

Of course, you may have the perfect list of questions to ask, but keeping students engaged and talking can become another hurdle. We’ll go over different strategies for designing effective questions and how to handle various situations, such as incorrect answers or silence. Plus, we’ll show you how tech like Poll Everywhere can help you engage your students with interactive presentations and questions .

How to design effective and engaging questions (and get students to respond)

Keeping students engaged while you ask questions designed to measure their level of understanding is an art. Here are some steps you can take to thoughtfully craft different types of questions for your classroom:

Planning what types of questions to ask

• Choose a goal for asking questions: This helps you decide which types of questions used in teaching are best for your needs.
• Decide what course material to base questions on: It’s better to choose content you feel is important to the overall learning objectives noted in your lesson plan.
• Plan critical questions ahead of time: While it’s okay to formulate questions as the class progresses, it’s important to plan questions you deem essential to gauging students’ learning or prompting critical thinking ahead of time.
• Adapt questions to students’ knowledge levels: Make sure your questions challenge your students' understanding of newly presented topics or assess their foundational knowledge—using a diagnostic assessment before and after the semester can help gauge current knowledge.
• Use a variety of question types: Using a variety of question types—even for the same concept—can help students better grasp the course material by prompting them to think about their answers in different ways. Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to develop multiple levels of questions for the same topic is helpful.
• Anticipate possible answers: This helps you ensure the phrasing of your question isn’t too vague or misleading, as well as whether the questions match your learning objectives.

Asking questions

• Phrase questions clearly: Ensure your questions are unambiguous and are phrased logically so students don’t misunderstand or end up more confused.
• Allow time to process the question: Don’t be afraid of silence—it likely means your students are contemplating the question and thinking through their responses. You should always wait a moment for students to process the question before rephrasing or assuming they don’t understand.
• Avoid including the answer in your questions: If you’re assessing students’ comprehension, including the answer in your question defeats the purpose and likely won’t encourage engagement.
• Vary the types of questions you ask: By varying the questions you use in your teaching, you can prompt students to think about the material in different ways.

Assessing student responses

• Follow student responses with reflection: A reflective statement (e.g., “It sounds like…” or “What did you mean when you said…?”) helps you show you’re listening and double-check your understanding of the response.
• Ask students to elaborate: Similar to making a reflective statement, you can outright request that a student elaborate on their response. This can help you really dig into their level of comprehension and may also help other students who are listening in by giving them insight into their peers’ thinking processes.
• Know how you’ll handle incorrect answers: Have a game plan in place in case students answer incorrectly. This not only reduces the chance of confusion but also helps you confidently guide the discussion so students can come to the correct answer and understand why their original answer was incorrect.
• Encourage other students to chime in: Turn a one-way conversation into a discussion by inviting others to offer their opinions or state if they agree or disagree (and why).
• Use positive reinforcement: Make students feel confident and glad they responded by smiling, using positive statements, nodding, and making eye contact. This positive reinforcement can help students feel safe when responding—or when asking questions.
• Keep track of who’s responded: While some students are eager to offer their two cents, others may be more reluctant. You can create a more inclusive and inviting discussion by allowing a variety of students to share. If you teach a hybrid class, be sure to include both in-person and remote students as well.

3 strategies for addressing incorrect answers or surface-level understanding

If your students don’t respond with a satisfactory answer, you can take advantage of that time to help students understand what they got wrong and what the correct answer is. Three different strategies for guiding students to a better understanding of the topic include probing, redirecting, and refocusing.

• Probing: The probing strategy encourages students to use critical thinking to analyze their answers. This may involve uncovering relationships by comparing and contrasting different concepts, or instructors can ask students to clarify their ideas by providing examples. Additionally, educators can help students pinpoint assumptions used to justify their answers.
• Redirecting: By using redirection carefully, you can invite other students to correct a peer’s incorrect answers. This strategy also encourages more students to participate in the discussion by asking if they agree with the answer or if they can provide an example to support the answer. Just be sure to lay out ground rules before opening up a discussion based on one student’s thoughts to avoid unnecessary conflict.
• Refocusing: Instructors can refocus students if their answer doesn’t quite fit with the content being discussed. For example, let’s say you ask, “What’s one way our modern food system is making people sick?” and a student responds with, “Doesn’t it encourage us to overeat?”—you might refocus the discussion to discuss how not all calories are nutritionally equal by asking, “Yes, but what if we’re talking about not just caloric intake but nutritional intake as well?”

How to use Bloom’s Taxonomy to craft engaging questions

Bloom’s Taxonomy is a framework intended to define different levels of learning and help teachers assess student progress. You can use this concept to develop questions that assess students’ levels of understanding. According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, there are six different levels of understanding: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create.

Remember, understand, and apply questions are typically used to assess learners’ comprehension to see whether anyone needs additional assistance grasping the course content. Analyze, evaluate, and create questions are more often used to encourage deeper critical thinking and problem-solving, or to spark discussions.

If you start with higher-level questions associated with the analyze, evaluate, and create levels and students aren’t sure of the answer, asking a follow-up question related to the lower levels of remember, understand, and apply can help you judge whether your learners understand the course material or not.

Here are some examples to help you craft your own questions based on Bloom’s Taxonomy:

• Can you describe ____?
• When did ____ happen?
• Which is true/false, ____ or ____?
• What does ____ mean?
• How would you show ____?
• How would you compare/contrast ____?
• What’s the main idea of ____?
• What would happen if ____?
• How would you state ____ in your own words?
• Which statements support ____?
• Do you know of another instance where ____?
• What examples can you think of to support ____?
• How would you use ____?
• How would you solve ____ using what you’ve learned?
• What questions would you ask to better understand ____?
• Why do you think ____?
• What conclusions can you draw about ____?
• Why did ____ changes occur?
• What’s the theme of ____?
• How is ____ similar to ____?
• What’s your opinion of ____ and why?
• How would you handle ____?
• Is there a better solution to ____?
• What information would you use to support the view of ____?
• Why was ____ better than ____?
• Can you see a possible solution for ____?
• What alternative can you propose for ____?
• How would you test ____?
• What would you predict is the outcome of ____?
• What new/unique uses can you come up with for ____?

What to do if students don’t respond to questions

Possibly one of the worst nightmares any instructor can have is asking a question and being met with silence. But with a few simple strategies you can turn silence into learning opportunities:

• Rephrase the question: Chances are your students don’t understand the question or aren’t sure what you’re looking for. In this case, rephrasing the question to clarify could help clear up the confusion. For example, let’s say you ask your students, “How would you define a project?” You can reword the question by asking, “In what ways are projects different from processes?”
• Prompt with information: You might be able to jog students’ memories or thinking by providing information or context. For example, if students cannot answer “How do you calculate the circumference of a circle?” you could break the question down by asking “How do you calculate the radius of a circle?”

Why is it important to use engaging questions while teaching?

At a minimum, crafting thoughtful questions can help you judge whether your class comprehends the concepts presented in the course. Additionally, strategically designing questions can improve students’ learning comprehension by helping them think critically and creatively as well as encouraging them to engage with the course content.

Questions, credibility, and feedback are all aspects of communication that can improve student engagement. A 2021 study published in the Frontiers in Psychology journal found a “strong dynamic between the aspects of academic engagement and teacher caring, credibility, feedback, and communication style.” Additionally, one study participant noted that an instructor’s credibility actually improves if they don’t always know the answers to all questions.

17 effective types of questions in teaching

Planning out your questions for each lesson also involves considering what types of questions you’ll ask. There are numerous question types and each one may elicit a different response from students. Here are some more effective types of questions to use in teaching that encourage critical thinking and creativity:

A type of rhetorical question, display questions help educators check on students’ ability to retrieve information.

• How much of the body’s oxygen consumption does the brain account for?
• Who wrote “The Faerie Queene?”

2. Referential

A referential question is used when the person asking the question doesn’t know the answer. These types of questions may be helpful to instructors when gathering student feedback about course materials and activities—or to create personal connections by checking in on how students are doing.

• Overall, do you feel this class was beneficial?
• How was your weekend?

Factual questions, also called explicit questions, call on students to answer using information pulled directly from reading assignments. Educators can use factual questions to understand whether students understand the concepts presented in the readings.

Factual questions are an essential starting point for students to expand on the information they’ve learned with critical thinking.

• Which art movement is Salvador Dali associated with?
• Who designed the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain?

4. Convergent

These types of questions ask students to pull together ideas and information from different sources and synthesize them to create a logical answer. Convergent questions are ideal for problem-solving activities.

• What was the common theme in last week’s reading?
• How would you describe this current event in one word?

5. Divergent

The opposite of convergent questions, divergent questions don’t have a single answer. These types of questions are best used to inspire creative responses and encourage students to consider different points of view, ideas, and scenarios.

• How do you think Edgar Allen Poe would have ended “The Tell-Tale Heart” if his main character didn’t confess?
• How do you think the US might be different if the assassination of John F. Kennedy never took place?

6. Evaluative

An evaluative question requires students to think of a response based on their opinion. These questions can prompt students to think critically about readings or discussions and draw connections to their own experiences or ideals.

• What do you think about Captain Ahab’s mission to find the white whale?
• Do you agree with what the author said in this paper about animal rights?

Open-ended questions are essential to prompt students to think critically about their answers. Open questions can’t be answered with a simple “Yes” or “No,” making them a powerful tool for inspiring discussion.

• What is the main purpose of the United Nations?
• What’s one major breakthrough we’ve had in science over the last 10 years?

Learn more: Marquise McGraw, Ph.D., a professional lecturer at American University, gets students involved in discussions using Poll Everywhere. Find out his personal strategies for engaging everyone —even students who are normally too shy to share—in classroom discussions.

If instructors are trying to get a student to provide more information about their answer, they can use probing questions to prompt students to clarify, justify, or elaborate on their thoughts.

• What information helped you come to that conclusion?
• Who might disagree with your answer?

9. Multiple choice

One of the most common types of questions, multiple-choice questions provide options for students to choose from when answering. Usually, multiple-choice questions have one correct answer, but alternatives include prompting students to choose the option that’s wrong out of a list of correct options or offering an “All of the above” option.

Multiple-choice questions can improve student participation by making it easier for them to respond. Tech like Poll Everywhere further enhances this accessibility by allowing students to answer using their cell phones—or answer anonymously if the instructor chooses to set up the question that way.

• Which project document includes the description, owner, source, priority, and status of product requirements? a) The project charter b) The requirements traceability matrix c) The scope management plan d) The work breakdown structure
• How are tertiary colors created? a) Mixing equal amounts of two secondary colors b) Mixing unequal amounts of two primary colors c) Mixing three primary colors d) All of the above

Focal questions encourage students to pick a side and support their position with logical reasoning. These can be helpful in inspiring students to consider alternative points of view or schools of thought.

• Do you think all US citizens should have to sign up for the draft? Why or why not?
• Do you believe it was within the right of the US Supreme Court to overturn Roe v. Wade? Why or why not?

Physicist Enrico Fermi is the namesake of the Fermi question, which requires students to estimate an answer based on limited information. You may recognize this type of question from articles covering Google’s unconventional approach to interviewing potential new employees, as Fermi questions require creative thinking and the ability to work through a problem.

• Why are manhole covers round?
• How would you explain how the internet works to a seven-year-old?

Thunk questions are intended to encourage students to pause and look at what might normally be a common, benign concept in a different light. (Fun fact: The term “thunk” is based on the irregular form of the verb “think.”)

• If your pet could talk, what would it say about you?
• What’s the difference between knowing and believing?

13. Hypothetical

Hypothetical questions use the good old “What if…” structure to prompt students to consider a scenario and how they would react or feel. Hypothetical questions inspire creativity, problem-solving, and critical thinking.

• What if Europeans never reached North or South America, how would the world be different?
• What do you think life would be like if dinosaurs never went extinct?

14. Ethical

Educators can present students with moral dilemmas using ethical questions. These types of questions don’t have a right or wrong answer but do require students to think critically about why they believe their answer is correct. Ethical questions are excellent discussion starters.

• Do you think countries should be able to claim other planets as their own?
• Should we take care of workers whose jobs are replaced by AI?

15. Application

Instructors can use application questions to encourage students to apply newly gained knowledge related to the course. By using information they’ve learned in class and applying it to real-world situations, students can achieve a higher level of comprehension.

• What are some examples of media bias you’ve seen recently?
• How would you demonstrate Newton’s first law using objects on your desk or in the classroom?
• Using what you know about cognitive bias, how would you design a website landing page that converts leads?

16. Affective

You can encourage students to engage with course content on a more personal level by using affective questions. These types of questions ask students about their feelings toward a topic and how it relates to their values.

Poll Everywhere’s numeric rating scale allows educators to present affective questions in a friendly way. Ask students to rate how they feel about an issue using a scale from one to five, then ask if anyone wants to chime in with the reasoning behind their rating to kick the discussion off.

• How do you feel about the author’s portrayal of Lenny?
• Is the use of imagination in art important to you?

These types of questions are used to gauge your students’ understanding of a topic all at the same time. By using hinge questions, you can decide whether the day’s class should continue going over the topic or if you can move on to the next lesson.

• Which of the following examples represents an allegory?
• Which of the following is an example of soft news?

3 types of ineffective questions to avoid (or use carefully)

Along with the 17 types of effective questions above, there are three more types of questions that can become problematic if not used carefully.

• Binary: Also called a closed question, a binary question is usually answered with “Yes” or No” or variations thereof. These questions typically force students to choose a side and are more effective if there’s no right or wrong answer or if you probe for additional information.
• Leading: Leading questions are problematic because they suggest the correct or desired answer. An example of a leading question is, “How satisfied were you with the class?”
• Loaded: These types of questions include an implicit assumption about the respondent. An example of a loaded question is, “How many times did you cheat on your exams during the semester?”

Poll Everywhere makes gauging student understanding effective and engaging

Getting students to participate in discussions or even ask their own questions is challenging. Designing effective questions based on your desired outcomes or learning objectives keeps you one step ahead of in-class conversations. However, you should also be ready to guide discussions back on topic if students take off on tangents or a respectful debate becomes a heated argument.

Tech like Poll Everywhere can help you present your questions in an engaging format that invites all students to participate. With the ability to ask and share any type of question using Poll Everywhere, including multiple-choice, you can quickly and easily inspire and guide discussions that all students are excited to participate in.

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Strategies to Increase Critical Thinking Skills in students

Teach Better Team October 2, 2019 Blog , Engage Better , Lesson Plan Better , Personalize Student Learning Better

In This Post:

• The importance of helping students increase critical thinking skills.
• Ways to promote the essential skills needed to analyze and evaluate.
• Strategies to incorporate critical thinking into your instruction.

We ask our teachers to be “future-ready” or say that we are teaching “for jobs that don’t exist yet.” These are powerful statements. At the same time, they give teachers the impression that we have to drastically change what we are doing .

So how do we plan education for an unknown job market or unknown needs?

My answer: We can’t predict the jobs, but whatever they are, students will need to think critically to do them. So, our job is to teach our students HOW to think, not WHAT to think.

Helping Students Become Critical Thinkers

My answer is rooted in the call to empower our students to be critical thinkers. I believe that to be critical thinkers, educators need to provide students with the strategies they need. And we need to ask more than just surface-level questions.

Questions to students must motivate them to dig up background knowledge. They should inspire them to make connections to real-world scenarios. These make the learning more memorable and meaningful.

Critical thinking is a general term. I believe this term means that students effectively identify, analyze, and evaluate content or skills. In this process, they (the students) will discover and present convincing reasons in support of their answers or thinking.

You can look up critical thinking and get many definitions like this one from Wikipedia: “ Critical thinking consists of a mental process of analyzing or evaluating information, particularly statements or propositions that people have offered as true. ”

Essential Skills for Critical Thinking

In my current role as director of curriculum and instruction, I work to promote the use of 21st-century tools and, more importantly, thinking skills. Some essential skills that are the basis for critical thinking are:

• Communication and Information skills
• Thinking and Problem-Solving skills
• Interpersonal and Self- Directional skills
• Collaboration skills

These four bullets are skills students are going to need in any field and in all levels of education. Hence my answer to the question. We need to teach our students to think critically and for themselves.

One of the goals of education is to prepare students to learn through discovery . Providing opportunities to practice being critical thinkers will assist students in analyzing others’ thinking and examining the logic of others.

Understanding others is an essential skill in collaboration and in everyday life. Critical thinking will allow students to do more than just memorize knowledge.

Ask Questions

So how do we do this? One recommendation is for educators to work in-depth questioning strategies into a lesson launch.

Ask thoughtful questions to allow for answers with sound reasoning. Then, word conversations and communication to shape students’ thinking. Quick answers often result in very few words and no eye contact, which are skills we don’t want to promote.

When you are asking students questions and they provide a solution, try some of these to promote further thinking:

• Could you elaborate further on that point?
• Will you express that point in another way?
• Can you give me an illustration?
• Would you give me an example?
• Will you you provide more details?
• Could you be more specific?
• Do we need to consider another point of view?
• Is there another way to look at this question?

Utilizing critical thinking skills could be seen as a change in the paradigm of teaching and learning. Engagement in education will enhance the collaboration among teachers and students. It will also provide a way for students to succeed even if the school system had to start over.

[scroll down to keep reading]

Promoting critical thinking into all aspects of instruction.

Engagement, application, and collaboration are skills that withstand the test of time. I also promote the integration of critical thinking into every aspect of instruction.

In my experience, I’ve found a few ways to make this happen.

Begin lessons/units with a probing question: It shouldn’t be a question you can answer with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no.’ These questions should inspire discovery learning and problem-solving.

Encourage Creativity: I have seen teachers prepare projects before they give it to their students many times. For example, designing snowmen or other “creative” projects. By doing the design work or by cutting all the circles out beforehand, it removes creativity options.

It may help the classroom run more smoothly if every child’s material is already cut out, but then every student’s project looks the same. Students don’t have to think on their own or problem solve.

Not having everything “glue ready” in advance is a good thing. Instead, give students all the supplies needed to create a snowman, and let them do it on their own.

Giving independence will allow students to become critical thinkers because they will have to create their own product with the supplies you give them. This might be an elementary example, but it’s one we can relate to any grade level or project.

Try not to jump to help too fast – let the students work through a productive struggle .

Build in opportunities for students to find connections in learning.  Encouraging students to make connections to a real-life situation and identify patterns is a great way to practice their critical thinking skills. The use of real-world scenarios will increase rigor, relevance, and critical thinking.

A few other techniques to encourage critical thinking are:

• Use analogies
• Promote interaction among students
• Ask open-ended questions
• Allow reflection time
• Use real-life problems
• Allow for thinking practice

Critical thinking prepares students to think for themselves for the rest of their lives. I also believe critical thinkers are less likely to go along with the crowd because they think for themselves.

About Matthew X. Joseph, Ed.D.

Dr. Matthew X. Joseph has been a school and district leader in many capacities in public education over his 25 years in the field. Experiences such as the Director of Digital Learning and Innovation in Milford Public Schools (MA), elementary school principal in Natick, MA and Attleboro, MA, classroom teacher, and district professional development specialist have provided Matt incredible insights on how to best support teaching and learning. This experience has led to nationally publishing articles and opportunities to speak at multiple state and national events. He is the author of Power of Us: Creating Collaborative Schools and co-author of Modern Mentoring , Reimagining Teacher Mentorship (Due out, fall 2019). His master’s degree is in special education and his Ed.D. in Educational Leadership from Boston College.

Visit Matthew’s Blog

150 Fun Critical Thinking Questions For Kids, Teens, & Adults

Critical thinking questions for kids get them thinking and questioning. To go beyond rote learning.

The reason they excel later in life will not be based on the information they memorized. But instead on how well they think, make decisions, communicate, and use their creativity.

These questions are designed to help them build these essential skills.

What makes a good critical thinking question?

Open ended questions are perfect for encouraging critical thinking and problem-solving. Kids (and grown-ups) have to think about their answers. Below you will find the best age-appropriate examples to use in the classroom, at home, or during your everyday routine .

In fact, there’s no question about it. Critical thinking is important for kids. And adults too!

Good Questions For Kindergarten To Think Critically

Younger kids need more concrete questions. These critical thinking questions will help them use reasoning and think deeply, even when they are small.

1. How do you know if something was a good decision?

2. How are these two things similar?

3. What are the differences between _______ and _________?

4. How would you feel if __________?

This question is great for building empathy .

5. Who was the main character? Why do you say that?

6. When is ___________ a problem?

7. What is the problem?

8. Why is this a problem?

9. What did you notice about _________?

10. Do you think he/she sees this the same way you do? Why or why not?

11. Has this happened before?

12. Do you think it will happen again? Why do you think this?

13. What is your opinion about _________? Why?

14. Is this appropriate? Why or why not?

15. What do you think would happen if __________?

16. What caused this to happen?

17. Do you think the world would be better if __________?

18. If you were in charge, what would you do differently?

19. Where can you find out more about this?

20. What does ______ mean?

21. Do you agree?

22. Can you give me an example of ________?

23. How do you know?

24. How would you solve this problem?

25. What makes something weird? What makes something normal?

Questions For Students: Elementary Through Middle School

For this age of kids, use any of the examples above and try these more abstract critical thinking questions too.

26. What do you think was the turning point?

27. Is there evidence to support your opinion (or decision)?

28. What does the evidence tell you?

29. What do you think would have been a better ending to… (book, movie, story)

30. When is the best time to start this?

31. When you think about solving a problem, where do you like to start?

32. What character/person changed the most? Why do you think this?

33. How could the author have created a thrilling twist in this story?

34. Who could help you with this? Why would they be a good fit to help?

35. Why is this important?

36. Why do you think ________ said that?

37. Why did the __________ (author, speaker) write/say this?

38. How does an idea grow? Or how does someone get from being a beginner to being an expert?

39. Do you think that what happened is what they meant to happen?

(Often, results are different than what people first think they will be.)

40. What can you use to help you decide?

41. What are the pros and cons of this?

42. Why is this happening?

43. What is the main message from this? (Or the lesson learned?)

44. What would you ask the author (speaker, etc.) if you could?

45. Do you have any questions about this?

46. Do you think it is too good to be true?

47. Can you defend these actions?

48. Compare this with this.

49. What would the world be like if ________? (kids were in charge, the sun was farther away, etc.)

50. Do you think there is a better alternative?

51. Is this person trustworthy? Why or why not?

52. At what age does someone stop being a kid? Why?

53. Can you see why someone would agree or disagree?

54. How would this ________ benefit or help others?

55. How will you know if your idea worked?

56. What is wrong with this situation?

57. What is good in this situation?

58. If someone were to argue your point, what do you think they would say?

59. Why do you think the character/person did that?

60. Is this fact or opinion? How do you know?

61. Was this change for the better? Or did it make things worse?

62. Who is most likely to _________? Why?

63. What do you think are the consequences of this decision?

64. Do you think we are asking the right question(s)? What is a different question instead?

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Critical Thinking Questions For High School & College Students

These critical thinking questions are more complex. They encourage abstract thinking, plus explore logic, ethics, and reasoning.

65. Why did you make that decision?

66. How did you get to that decision? What was your thought process?

67. What are the advantages of this?

68. What are the disadvantages of this?

69. How could we make this (project, paper, etc.) better?

70. What do you think the problem is….?

71. What do you think the best solution for this is? Why?

72. Could someone interpret this differently? How so?

73. How would you explain this to someone who doesn’t know anything about it?

74. What are a few alternative possibilities? Are any better than the others?

75. What are the short-term implications of this decision?

76. What are the long-term implications of this decision?

77. How would you achieve a big goal ?

78. (After they come up with a solution to something) Are there other possible ways to solve this problem?

79. How can you use the pros and cons to make a good decision?

80. Do you think when many people do something, it seems more “right,” even when it isn’t?

81. What are the potential risks to this decision?

82. What are the strengths of this argument?

83. What are the weaknesses of this argument?

84. Where is this lacking in evidence?

85. What can this story teach us about life?

86. Where would this solution work? Where would it not work?

87. Why do you think it is important to ask this question?

88. Why are new ideas important in our society?

89. What do you think that character’s motive is?

90. When should you reevaluate your initial thoughts/decision?

91. Do you think this is an important issue?

92. What do you think should have happened instead?

93. What is the counterargument?

94. Why is this relevant?

95. Do you think ________ will ever happen?

96. If it does, who would it affect most? Why?

97. What assumptions are being made in this situation?

98. Is it ever ok to lie?

99. Why do you think this feels like __________?

100. How is this related to your values and beliefs?

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Critical Thinking Questions For Adults

These are great for a conversation at home or at work interviews to see how well potential candidates think on their feet.

101. Where do you see strengths?

102. Where do you think there are areas for improvement?

103. Why did these things help you in the long run?

104. What information do you need to find out before making a good decision?

105. If you could sit down and have dinner with anyone in the world, who would it be? Why?

106. What would you say to this person?

107. Should others care about this? Why?

108. When should you ask for help?

109. Who will benefit most from this decision?

110. Who will benefit least from this decision?

111. Have we considered all the options?

112. What questions do you have?

113. Are there any biases that you think are playing out here?

114. Are you making an assumption about __________?

115. When will you see your results?

116. Where do you often find this type of problem? Why?

117. In your opinion, what caused ____________ to happen?

118. Was it avoidable?

119. Does anything concern you about this?

120. When is this acceptable?

121. When is this not acceptable (or appropriate)?

122. What is one thing that would have changed everything?

123. When do you think this will benefit _________ (the company, society, etc.)?

124. When a disagreement happens at work, what do you do?

125. Is this goal achievable ?

126. How does your work experience help you fill this role?

127. Has this ever been done before? When?

128. What would need to happen for you to reconsider?

129. When will we need this?

130. What skills fit well with this position?

Related: Fun Rapid Fire Questions To Ask

Examples of Kids Critical Thinking Questions: By Word

Another way to split up your critical thinking questions is by word.

• Who is most directly affected by this decision?
• Who is the protagonist? Who is the antagonist?
• Who was the most important character?
• Who was a supporting character that was essential to the storyline?
• What is the problem you are trying to solve?
• What information is important to know about this before forming an opinion?
• What was the point of _________?
• When is it a good time to stop (or take a breather)?
• When should you know the answer?
• When will it be time for this? How do you know?
• When will this be critical?

• Where can you go to ask for help?
• Where can you find a good solution? Or information that helps you solve this problem?
• Where could this idea lead?
• Why has this issue come out into the spotlight?
• Why do you think ______ acts that way?
• Why is _______ happening, but ________ is not?
• How else could we have done that?
• How else could this be handled?
• How would you have responded in this situation?
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More Ways To Encourage Critical Thinking In Kids

Want to go beyond questions? No problem! Here are other practical ways to build this crucial skill:

Change your questions to them.

Turn your normal yes or no questions to more open ended questions.

Example: Instead of “How was your day?” go with “What was the most interesting part of your school day today?”

Refrain from stepping in.

These days parents feel like they should be fixing their kids’ problems constantly.

Instead, hold back and force your child to problem-solve on their own. Ask questions and guide them through the problem, but let them know that they are in charge of finding their own solutions.

Play Games And Do Activities That Promote Critical Thinking

Here are a few great ones!

Two Truths & A Lie Game – The players have to decide which statements are true and which one is not. This game is great for learning to read body language too!

Good Debate Topics For Kids – Nothing builds quick critical thinking like a lively debate.

Riddles: What Am I? – These word riddles help kids think through different possibilities.

Guess The Animal Riddles for Kids – More riddles all about animals to get kids thinking.

Encourage creativity.

Provide your child with opportunities to use their imagination.

Sometimes, all this takes is getting your child off screens and outside playing with sticks!

Encourage them to build something , make up a new game, and think outside the box whenever possible.

Let them fiddle with things.

My son has a very “why” brain and loves to mess with stuff. It used to embarrass me when we were around others.

But, one day, my husband and I realized that his “working things out” isn’t bad. We just needed to teach him in what context it is appropriate. Now he fiddles with everything, and it is amazing to watch his mind work.

Let them question.

The same goes for questions. They should be challenging assumptions and questioning the world around them. Too many people take for granted the things that they hear and read. Teach your child to be different.

Promote Active Listening.

Encourage your child to ask questions to clarify understanding and develop communication skills.

Examples: “What I hear is _________.” Or, “How do you know _________?”

Try New Things.

Travel. And regularly expose your kids to new ideas and experiences. This helps them see their regular world in a new light.

Think Critically Yourself.

Finally, your child will be much more likely to think critically if they see a parent who does it. So, apply all of these strategies to yourself as well.

To Consider With Critical Thinking Questions For Kids

Teaching children to form their own opinions is how we build a generation of people that will analyze, evaluate, and make decisions for the betterment of the world.

It’s not just important. It’s critical to our future as a society.

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Jennifer is the founder and chief editor of Healthy Happy Impactful®. She believes that living, loving, and connecting deeply are the foundation for a good life. She holds a degree in education and is a mom to 3 kids.

19 Short Stories and Questions For Critical Thinking

Apr 2, 2024

There have been rumblings in different online teacher groups recently about replacing novels with short stories and informational articles in middle and high school English classrooms. I have to admit I was shocked when I first read the comments because I am a book lover at heart, but since then, I’ve considered that there are several pros and cons to this approach.

Short stories and other smaller texts can provide a briefer timeline to complete tasks, and this process is helpful when there is already SO MUCH curriculum to cover. Short stories and related activities can also be more engaging for our students because of the exposure to diverse voices and themes! Using short stories and lessons provides students with amazing choices to meet their needs and preferences!

On the other hand, incorporating mainly short stories and other shorter passages means students’ already-pressed attention spans (as a result of social media influences and pervasive sources of technology) are reinforced. Plus, students miss out on the more complex stories within longer pieces of fiction that are, dare I say, life-altering! A novel can provide opportunities for sustained reading and layers for analysis that shorter pieces of literature like short stories and related texts cannot offer.

Ultimately, no matter where you find yourself on the issue, I think we can all agree that short stories and their counterparts can be vital, effective, and helpful in the modern classroom!

Continue reading for 19 Short Stories and Questions For Critical Thinking!!

Need help with Test Prep ?  Check out this  FREE Pack of 3 Test Prep Activities  to help students achieve success on standardized tests!

Table of Contents

19 Short Stories and Questions – Suggestions for Teaching Them

You don’t need to remove all novels to be able to include short stories and smaller passages like vignettes, articles, and narratives; there’s a time and place for all genres! But if you’re thinking about ways to include more short stories and fun activities, check out this list of 19 varied short stories and critical thinking questions as well as suggestions for teaching them in middle school and high school.

1.  “The Most Dangerous Game” 

“The Most Dangerous Game” is one of my absolute favorite short stories and overall plots to teach! This suspenseful short story by Richard Connell follows the harrowing ordeal of Sanger Rainsford, a skilled hunter who becomes the prey of a deranged aristocrat named General Zaroff. Stranded on Zaroff’s secluded island, Rainsford must outwit the cunning general in a deadly game of survival, where the stakes are life and death. 

SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING:

• You could focus on the setting (description of time and place) and examine how the setting changes throughout the story.
• Students could learn about the plot (major events in the story) and list the major events and evidence as they read.
• Define foreshadowing (hints for what will happen by the end of the story) and encourage students to hypothesize about what will happen after every page.
• Analyze the character development (how a character changes over time) of Rainsford and highlight his traits/actions as you read along.

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS:

• How does the setting contribute to the tension and suspense in the story?
• How does the author use foreshadowing? How does the author hint at the danger Rainford is facing?
• What inferences can you make about the main character and the changes he undergoes from the beginning to the end of the story?

If you want to teach plot elements and plot analysis , check out this lesson bundle for the story , which includes comprehension quizzes and a variety of activities!

2.  “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”

Ambrose Bierce’s story is a gripping tale set during the American Civil War, where a Southern civilian named Peyton Farquhar faces execution by hanging after attempting to sabotage a Union railroad bridge. As Farquhar falls through the trapdoor, time seems to stretch, and he experiences a surreal moment, only to realize his grim reality. 

Integrating historical texts with other short stories and passages like “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” will make history come more alive and relevant for our students!

• Teach about irony (when the opposite occurs from what is expected) and how it plays a role throughout the story.
• Explain the term characterization (how a character is depicted) by looking at direct and indirect references while reading with your students.
• Discuss the major themes (messages) of the story and how they connect to our modern era within a Socratic Seminar.
• How does the author use characterization to convey Peyton Farquhar’s thoughts, emotions, and motivations?
• What is the purpose of irony in this story? How does its use affect the reader’s interpretation and understanding of events?
• What is the significance in our contemporary/real world of the themes of the story, including reality and fantasy, the passage of time, and the consequences of actions?

Ensure students’ understanding of the story with this set of reading questions that are perfect for state test prep, too !

3.  “The Masque of the Red Death”

This chilling tale from Edgar Allan Poe is set in a secluded abbey where Prince Prospero and his wealthy guests attempt to escape a deadly plague known as the Red Death. Despite their isolation efforts, the guests are confronted with their own mortality as a mysterious figure in a blood-red mask appears.

If you have not read any short stories and poems from Poe, this story is a perfect journey into the horror genre!

• The setting (description of time and place) plays a MAJOR role in the story, so following the Prince from room to room and highlighting the imagery (description that connects to the five senses) is very important when reading.
• If you have not introduced mood  (emotion intended for the reader to experience), this story is PERFECT for delineating its progression from start to finish.
• As students read, you might guide them through identifying various examples of  symbolism  (object, person, or place that represents something else); each room, objects within, and the “antagonist” is symbolic in some way!
• How does the author convey the tone of the story? How would you, as the reader, describe the story’s mood?
• What role does the plot structure (focus on the different rooms) play in shaping the reader’s understanding of the story?
• What is the purpose of the symbolism in the story such as the clock and the masked figure?

Check out this EASY-TO-TEACH bundle , you can practice with your students, so they will feel more confident analyzing higher-level language in “The Masque of the Red Death!”

4.  “The Cask of Amontillado”

Another chilling tale from Poe is the classic story “The Cask of Amontillado.” This one is set during Carnival in an unnamed Italian city. The plot centers on a man seeking revenge on a ‘friend’ he believes has insulted him. If your students are anything like mine, they will relish the ending particularly!

This is just one more of Poe’s short stories and tales that will capture the mind of every reader!

•  As you plan for this short story, be sure to encourage your students to analyze the changing setting (description of time and place); following Fortunato from scene to scene will help your students track what is really going on.
• This story is the perfect moment to teach about dialogue (conversation within someone=internal and/or between someone and someone/thing else=external); Montresor certainly means more than what he SEEMS to say!
• You might also offer a mini-lesson on the 3 types of irony and how each plays a role in the story: verbal (when a person says the opposite of what is really intended), situational (an action occurs that is the opposite from what the reader expects), and dramatic (a character expects a result, but the opposite occurs and the audience can tell what will happen)!
• Describe Montresor. What are his motives and personality?
• What inferences can you make about Montresor’s mindset based on his dialogue?
• What is the purpose of the family’s motto and the carnival atmosphere? 

Check out this Short Story Activity & Quiz Bundle for Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Cask of Amontillado,” which contains questions and answers modeled after various reading standardized tests as well as pre-quiz reading comprehension questions, graphic organizers, and a writing activity to get students thinking critically about this classic short story involving REVENGE!

Want 7 more teaching ideas for one of Poe’s epic short stories and questions to go with it? Click below!

5.  “To Build a Fire”

This story by Jack London describes the treacherous journey of a man through the harsh Yukon wilderness during extreme cold. Despite warnings and the company of a loyal dog, the man’s arrogance and underestimation of nature’s power lead to a tragic end.

Short stories and ideas related to survival in nature are still relevant today! Who knows when you might get lost on a hike or crashland in no man’s land?

• This story is PERFECT for a bit of  literary analysis  (examining the impact of various ideas, elements, or themes within a piece of literature); you could hone in on literary devices, characterization, theme, etc.!
• Integrating clips from survival shows will help students see connections to the world and extend their thinking by comparing (recognizing similarities) and contrasting (recognizing differences) varied experiences!
• Write a short narrative about surviving 24 hours in a different setting (description of time and place).
• How does the author use irony? Provide an example and explain. 
• What real-world connections can be made between this story and our contemporary life? 
• What is the story’s message about preparedness and respecting nature?

Grab these engaging short stories and activities to make teaching this Jack London story stress-free!

6.  “The Cactus”

Told from the point of view of a young man at his former lover’s wedding, the narrator retells their story. Like most of O. Henry’s short stories and texts, this one has a twist that involves the titular cactus plant.

The ending will end in a bit of fun for your students!

• Introduce diction (word choice) and its impact within the story by hyperfocusing on specific words within the story . Students can look up definitions, locate synonyms, create their own sentences, replace the words, etc.
• Investigate twist endings (unexpected finish to a story); before reading the end of the story, ask students to guess why the girl “rejected” him. Some students may know the answer before reading it!
• Describe the main characters. What similarities and differences are evident? How does this affect the story’s action?
• What inferences can you make about Trysdale and his feelings about love and marriage?
• What are the real and symbolic meanings of the cactus?

This resource packed with questions and answers, graphic organizers, and writing activities is sure to get your students thinking about this love story driven by misconceptions.

7.  “After Twenty Years”

This tale of friendship and betrayal focuses on the reunion of two old friends after twenty years apart on a New York City street corner. As they reminisce, something is revealed that demonstrates the reality of their bond as well as the choices they’ve made in life.

If you have not read O. Henry’s short stories and incorporated character analysis yet, this is your chance! The story is not long and can be completed in one to two class periods!

• Sometimes, we ask students to visualize (create a picture) in their minds, but why not give them the opportunity to use their artistic skills to draw the two characters?
• As students read, annotate for a description of each character; then, students can do a character analysis (investigation of the characters’ similarities and differences).
• What type of irony is used in the story? How does its use affect your interpretation and understanding of the story?
• How does the urban setting contribute to the mood of the story?
• What is the story’s message about friendship and loyalty?

Examine the links between loyalty and duty with this set of resources designed specifically for this O. Henry story.

8.  “The Lottery”

“The Lottery” is the quintessential short story for middle school or high school English! Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” tells the story of an annual ritual that takes place in a seemingly idyllic town. When the townsfolk gather for the lottery drawing, a shocking turn of events demonstrates the dark side of human nature and their ties to (outdated) traditions.

• Introduce the terms suspense (uncertainty and/or excitement leading up to a major event) and tension (anxiety or uneasy feelings experienced by characters). While reading, identify evidence that relates to each of these concepts and chat/write about their impact on meaning and plot.
• Teach title (the name of the text) analysis. The title of “The Lottery” is perfect for teaching the impact of the title and audience expectations. Before reading, students may write what they believe the story will be about based on the title. After reading, students can complete a quick write responding to their previous expectations! You can do a text analysis for all short stories and poems!
• What role does the plot structure play in building suspense and tension? (Consider the revelation of the lottery’s ‘prize’ in particular.)
• What social commentary is being made through the story and its characters?
• Describe Mr. Summers, Tessie, and Old Man Warner. What does the story reveal about their role in the community and their feelings about the lottery?

Give yours elf a breath of fresh air with this NO PREP curriculum that integrates test prep within the teaching of literature by using Shirley Jackson’s quintessential story!

9.  “The Pedestrian”

This Ray Bradbury story follows a lone walker in a futuristic society in which everyone else is consumed by technology, particularly the television. One evening, the walker encounters a police car that questions his unusual behavior and the end is quite unexpected! (Most of Bradbury’s short stories and texts connect to the future and technology in some way!)

• This story exemplifies Dystopian Literature (texts that include a supposedly perfect future society marred in some way by governmental or societal oppression). Using this story to introduce this type of literature is always fun for students because they will easily make connections to other dystopic short stories and poems!
• Teach about mood (the emotional impact of a story’s description/action). The goal is to get students to deepen their critical thinking skills by recognizing how the mood changes and the purpose for that change!
• How does the author use foreshadowing and suspense to build the mood of the story?
• What is the central theme of the story? How might it connect with our current world?
• What similes and metaphors does Bradbury use to describe the community and its members? What is notable about these comparisons?

With this resource about Bradbury’s “The Pedestrian,” you can just print and teach the lesson and activities with EASE! 

10.  “The Gift of the Magi”

This 1905 story by O. Henry relays a tale about a couple struggling to make ends meet. Throughout the story, they both figure out gifts to buy one another for Christmas and realize what love truly means!

• Review character traits (how a character is depicted internally and externally). Log the traits of each character within the story and how they are important to the meaning of the story.
• Extend (move beyond the text) critical thinking skills by encouraging students to think and write about other people. If they had $1,000 to spend on someone else, how would they spend the money and why?

• How would you describe Della and Jim, and their relationship?
• What values do the characters have, when you consider their actions and decisions?
• Explain how dramatic irony is used in the story. Is it necessary? Is it effective? Why or why not?

This tale is a great addition to your short stories and questions unit around the winter holidays! Save yourself time at that time of the year with this lesson bundle . 

11.  “The Monkey’s Paw” 

“The Monkey’s Paw” is a classic horror story about the White family who come into possession of a mystical monkey’s paw that grants three wishes. Despite warnings, they use it and then face devastating consequences as a result.

• Teach about the elements of the horror/suspense genre (Ex. Scary movies are typically dark, stormy, surprising, morbid, etc.).
• Create a thematic statement (message relayed by the text in a complete sentence). There is no perfectly created theme (message) unless it is directly stated by the author; however, students can create a theme by supporting their ideas with evidence from the story!
• What is the main theme of the story? Or how does the author communicate the themes of greed or fate? Is one stronger than the other?
• Are Mr. and Mrs. White more alike or different from one another? How do you know?
• Should we be afraid of the unknown? What message does the story share? Do you agree or disagree?

Examine W.W. Jacobs’ classic story with this set of questions and answers along with rigorous reading and writing activities . While it is ideal for a spooky season, the story is valuable for its ability to hook readers any time of year!

12.  “Lamb to the Slaughter” 

This classic story with a killer plot twist is about a woman who kills her husband and gets away with murder thanks to cooking a leg of lamb!

• You could introduce the plot elements (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution), encourage students to identify major events to fit each element and write down textual evidence to support their ideas.
• Complete a film analysis (examination of film techniques and their effects) to compare/contrast the short story with the classic Alfred Hitchcock television episode.
• What is Mary Maloney’s state of mind? Does it remain the same or does it change throughout the story? Explain.
• Is the resolution of the story satisfying? Why or why not? Why do you think the author ended it as he did?
• How does irony contribute to the theme of deception in the story? Explain.

Spice up your middle school English or high school English class with this short stories and activities bundle for Dahl’s famous story!

13.  “The Tell-Tale Heart” 

Poe’s classic psychological thriller is narrated by an unnamed protagonist who insists on their sanity while recounting how they murdered an old man. The narrator is haunted by the sound of the victim’s beating heart, which ultimately drives him to confess to the crime despite not originally being a suspect. 

• Teach symbolism (object, person, or place that represents something else) by focusing on the heart and eye . The author used these symbols in various ways!
• Investigate psychology (the study of the human mind) as a part of the story. Determine what is fact and what is fiction within the narrator’s mind.
• What does the story reveal about the human psyche?
• What is the deeper meaning of the two key symbols in the story – the beating heart and the eye of the old man?
• What role do the narrator’s inner thoughts play in the development of the plot?

This Short Story Comprehension Bundle offers quick (and effective!) ways to assess students’ learning and understanding of the story. It’s easy to use and will no doubt save you time too!

14.  “The Scarlet Ibis” 

Emotional short stories and their counterparts have a place as well in English classrooms! This short story by James Hurst about two brothers is a heartbreaking must-read. Through flashbacks, the unnamed narrator tells the life story of his younger sickly brother William Armstrong, who is nicknamed Doodle. And the end…well, you’ll see.

• Define and explain the purpose of a flashback (referring back to the past within a story). Think about the implications of never thinking back on the past or always thinking about the past.
• Complete a comparison chart between Doodle and the Ibis as you read along. Then, students can create a visual of each after they have ready by using their own evidence!
• What is the meaning of the story’s title and the presence of a scarlet ibis in the story?
• What is the central theme of the story? How do the events of the story support this chosen theme?
• How does the author use personification for the storm? What effect does this have on the story?

This flexible resource features critical thinking questions and answers as well as writing and reading activities for students to explore Hurst’s heartbreaking story.

15.  “The Veldt” 

This science fiction story by Ray Bradbury was first published as “The World the Children Made” and it is quite fitting as a title! The story focuses on a futuristic world in which a video screen can be controlled and it turns out to be more than simple virtual reality! By the story’s conclusion, the world the children made is the downfall of their parents. 

• Compare and contrast “The Veldt” with “The Pedestrian,” two short stories and dystopic texts by Ray Bradbury. Analyze the similarities and differences of both short stories and create a thematic statement that connects to both texts!
• Make connections to our current reality in the 21st century. Locate research about the implications of technology on young people and integrate this information as you discuss this short story.
• How does the author address the theme of technology versus humanity in the story? Do you agree with this commentary? Why or why not?
• How does the nursery reflect the personalities of Wendy and Peter in this story?
• Do you know the story of Peter Pan and his friend Wendy? What connections can you make between it and this story by Ray Bradbury?

Ray Bradbury’s classic short stories and similar passages are the BEST to teach in middle and high school English! With so much to dive into, they are sure to be a hit with your students. Grab this set of activities to extend your students’ engagement with rigorous reading and writing activities about “The Veldt.” 

16.  “The Necklace” 

A woman who longs for a life of luxury and elegance beyond her means faces consequences when she loses a borrowed necklace. Guy de Maupassant’s story ends with a twist that has the reader question the value of material possessions. 

• I love comparing this short story with O. Henry’s “The Gift of the Magi.” You might choose to focus on the theme, characterization, setting, etc.
• Summarize (writing about the main idea with details) each chunk of the story as you read with your students. Instead of asking students to write a paragraph, you could ask students to create each summary in only one sentence.
• The story explores vanity, deception, and the consequences of striving for social status. Which theme do you think is the most important? Explain with support from the story.
• Is Mathilde Loisel a likable character? Does this change during the story? Does it matter if the reader likes her? Why or why not?
• What clues does the author provide throughout the story that foreshadow the twist at the story’s end?

Focus on the standards with this Short Story Lesson Bundle for “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant!

Need help with implementing activities for “The Necklace?” See below!

17.  “A Vendetta” 

Guy de Maupassant’s late-19th-century story is all about REVENGE. A mother is obsessed with creating a plan to avenge her son’s murder and she then puts the plan into action with a morbid outcome.

• There are so many texts that involve REVENGE! Why not use this concept as a focus for a thematic unit (texts linked to a similar concept and/or message)? You could read “A Poison Tree,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” and “Lamb to the Slaughter” as well as “A Vendetta” with the intention of writing about all 4 for a comparison/contrast paper, presentation, or seminar.
• Analyze the development (how a character changes over time) of the mother and the dog throughout the story; you might annotate for similarities and differences as well as their motivations!
• What comment is the story making about the nature (or need) for justice? Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?
• What similes and metaphors does the author use to communicate the main character’s feelings about the vendetta?
• How does the author use details to explain the main character’s thoughts, feelings, and motivation?

Add these activities for this lesser-known work to your short story plans. It’s sure to keep things fresh for your short stories and activities unit! 

18.  “Thank You, Ma’am” (also known as “Thank You, M’am”)

This heartfelt story by Langston Hughes tells the story of Luella, an older woman in the neighborhood, who is nearly robbed by a young man named Roger. In response to Roger, Luella brings him back to her home and treats him with an abundance of kindness, which has a profound effect on Roger.

This tale is at the top of the list for the BEST short stories and passages for upper middle and younger high school students!

• Introduce perspective and/or point of view (how a story is told: 1st, 2nd, 3rd omniscient, 3rd limited, 3rd objective). Students might rewrite the story from another perspective or extend the story using the perspective of one of the main characters.
• Review plot elements with a focus on the exposition (introduction to the characters, setting, and conflict), climax (highest point of interest/turning point of the story), and resolution (how the story is concluded and/or resolved in some way.) You could assign an activity surrounding each concept: visualization of the scene, a journal response to the event, or a short response focused on how the element is important to the overall theme!

• Do you believe in second chances? What does the story say about second chances? 
• How might the climax of the story also be seen as the turning point in Roger’s life?
• How would you describe Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones? Are her actions expected or unexpected in the story? Consider from Roger’s and the reader’s point of view.

Click to check out all of the details for this BUNDLE with differentiated options , which includes a Test Prep Quiz (with varied options), Venn Diagrams, Graphic Organizers, and Writing Responses!! 

19.  “Click Clack the Rattle Bag”

This short story by Neil Gaiman is creepy and fun in the best ways possible! The narrator is taking care of his girlfriend’s little brother and walking him to bed when the child asks for a story. Instead of the narrator sharing a story, the boy shares about the Click Clacks who drink their prey and leave behind rattling bodies. The end is too good to be missed!

Short stories and plots like those in “Click Clack the Rattle Bag” will most certainly engage even your most struggling learners!

• We all know that test prep can be tough as many reading passages are, well, boring! Why not accomplish some test prep with your students and incorporate 5 standardized test-related questions ? You could focus on theme, structure, order of events, characterization, etc.!
• Help students make inferences (acknowledging and hypothesizing about the impact of details that are not directly referenced or stated) as the scene moves along. Students can analyze the change in the setting, the little boy himself, the story the boy is telling, and specific phrases from the story.
• What details in the story contribute to its eerie atmosphere or mood? Or what figurative language devices does Neil Gaiman use to create a sense of suspense in the story? 
• How does the author use ambiguity in the story? Is it effective or not? Explain.
• What inferences can you make about the relationship between the narrator and the young boy?

This “Click Clack the Rattle Bag” Quiz Pack for middle and high school students uses the Common Core standards and contains questions and answers modeled after various state standardized tests! Make teaching this amazing short story by Neil Gaiman SIMPLE & EASY!

Why should we incorporate more short stories and activities in our teaching?

While I would never advocate replacing all novels with short stories and smaller texts, there is still something to be said about spending quality time with short stories and excerpts. 

Including short stories and standards-based activities is an ideal option to improve reading comprehension and develop skills, especially in middle and high school English classes!

SHORT STORIES AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES: 

This  Short Stories and Test Prep Questions ULTIMATE BUNDLE with Lessons, Quizzes, and Activities uses the Common Core standards with reading comprehension QUESTIONS and ANSWERS for 18 short stories such as “The Most Dangerous Game,” “The Monkey’s Paw,” “The Tell-Tale Heart,” “After Twenty Years,” “The Gift of the Magi,” “The Veldt,” “The Lottery,” “The Pedestrian,” etc. modeled after various state reading exams.

Make teaching short stories and activities SIMPLE & EASY!

Just PRINT & TEACH with engaging short stories and lessons!!

Need more fun ideas for teaching short stories and corresponding activities? Check out my store Kristin Menke-Integrated ELA Test Prep !

Hi, I’m KRISTIN!

I primarily focus on  integrating multiple disciplines and subjects. The goal is to make teaching simplified and effective!

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47 Critical Thinking Questions for High School Students

Critical thinking is defined as analyzing and thinking objectively about an issue to form a judgment. Critical thinking skills are important for high school students because they encourage decision-making based on logic and reason, which will serve them well in adulthood. 

Critical thinking questions are those that encourage the development of the following skills:

Let’s review some of the best questions that encourage critical thinking in high school students .

If you could make your own country, what would it look like? What rules would your citizens follow?

If you found out you only had 24 hours left to live, what would you decide to do with your last day on earth?

If you were offered the opportunity to get on a spaceship bound for a distant planet, and you would be one of the first colonizers, would you do it?

If everyone in the world stopped using social media, would it be a good thing or a bad thing? Defend your answer.

Question 10

Is it better to take one life in order to save 5 lives? What about 10? 20?

Question 11

Question 12, question 13.

If you were stranded on a desert island, what item would you choose to bring with you, provided you would have an endless supply of food and water?

Question 14

Question 15, question 16.

Is it more important to have a strong military or universal healthcare? Why or why not?

Question 17

What defines adulthood? When does adulthood begin?

Question 18

Question 19, question 20, question 21.

If you could describe the color red to a blind person, how would you describe it? What about the color blue?

Question 22

Question 23, question 24.

Would you rather die by falling off a skyscraper or being buried in a landslide? Why?

Question 25

Question 26, question 27.

Is it better to have 1 million dollars in the bank or donate 10 million dollars to charity? Why or why not?

Question 28

Question 29, question 30, question 31, question 32, question 33, question 34, question 35, question 36, question 37.

If you had the chance to travel through time and change one historical event, what event would you change and why? How would you change it?

Question 38

Question 39, question 40.

If you had five minutes to defend the human race against an alien civilization who were going to destroy humanity, what would you say?

Question 41

Question 42, question 43, question 44.

Do someone’s actions impact their value as a person, such as serial killers?

Question 45

Question 46, question 47.

https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/how-to-develop-critical-thinking-skills/0/steps/335512#:~:text=We%20develop%20specific%20techniques%20that,%2C%20independently%2C%20and%20effectively.%E2%80%9D

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The connection between critical thinking and ethics: unraveling the link, examples of critical thinking in the classroom, mastering your thought process using critical thinking frameworks, critical thinking for investing: how to use critical thinking to get the best results, download this free ebook.

180+ Important Questions to Ask Students Every Class

Febriana Ramadhanya

As educators, incorporating questions into your daily teaching routine brings plenty of benefits to the classroom dynamic. Questions serve as effective tools to engage students , encourage participation, manage a classroom effectively , and assess their understanding of the material. By routinely asking students these questions, you create an environment where they can actively contribute, making the learning experience more interactive. This simple yet powerful approach fosters a culture of shared inquiry and collaborative exploration, making the educational journey more engaging for everyone involved.

In this article, you’ll find an extensive list of questions ( with a free downloadable PDF ) you can ask students throughout all stages of learning. Whether you need get-to-know-you questions when students come back to school , questions to ask seniors in high school before they graduate, or fun questions to ask students to make the classroom more exciting, you can read it all here!

Benefits of Asking Questions in Every Class

Fostering Active Participation

Coming up with encouraging questions to ask students creates a culture of engagement. Students become active participants, sharing thoughts and perspectives. This dynamic exchange stimulates critical thinking and cultivates a collaborative atmosphere among the students.

Assessing Comprehension

Strategic questions provide real-time feedback on student understanding. This allows educators to tailor teaching methods, ensuring a personalized learning experience. Regular assessment through questions ensures no student is left behind in the learning process.

Building Positive Relationships

Thoughtful questions strengthen the teacher-student bond. By valuing student opinions, educators create a positive and trusting learning environment. A strong teacher-student relationship is important for both academic success and overall well-being at school.

Enhancing Communication Skills & Confidence

Consistent exposure to questions enhances essential communication skills. Students learn to express ideas articulately and gain confidence in participating actively. These skills are crucial for academic success and also prepare them for future endeavors beyond the classroom.

Questions to Ask Students to Get to Know Them

Get-to-know-you questions are great icebreakers for students at the start of the day as part of their classroom routine . They can help build a positive and inclusive classroom environment in the new school year or throughout the teaching period.

• What is your favorite subject in school, and why?
• If you could travel anywhere in the world, where would you go and why?
• What is your favorite book or movie, and what do you love about it?
• Do you have any hobbies or interests outside of school?
• Who is someone you admire, and what qualities do you admire in them?
• What is your favorite type of music or favorite band?
• Are you a morning person or a night owl?
• If you could have any superpower, what would it be?
• What do you enjoy doing during your free time?
• What is your favorite way to relax and unwind?
• Do you have any pets, and what are their names?
• What are your goals for this school year?
• If you could have dinner with any historical figure, who would it be and why?
• What is something unique or interesting about you that most people don’t know?
• Are you involved in any extracurricular activities or clubs?
• What career or job are you most interested in pursuing in the future?
• If you could invent something, what would it be and why?
• What is your favorite family tradition?
• If you could learn any new skill, what would it be?
• What type of learner do you think you are – visual, auditory, or kinesthetic?
• What kind of books or movies do you enjoy reading or watching for fun?
• What is your favorite holiday and how do you usually celebrate it?
• What are three words you would use to describe yourself?
• If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be and why?
• If you could have any talent or skill instantly, what would it be?
• What is a goal you have for yourself outside of academics?
• What type of food could you eat every day and never get tired of?
• If you could witness any event in history, what would it be?
• What’s your favorite memory from your time in school so far?
• If you had a theme song for your life, what would it be?

Questions to Ask Students to Assess Their Prior Knowledge

These questions are tailored to assess your students’ existing understanding, laying the foundation for a personalized and effective learning journey.

• What are the fundamental principles of [topic]?
• Can you provide an overview of the key concepts covered in our recent lessons?
• How would you apply [specific concept] in a practical situation?
• Define [important term] and offer an example to illustrate its meaning.
• What steps would you take to solve [type of problem]?
• Compare and contrast [two relevant topics or ideas].
• Explain the cause-and-effect relationship between [two elements].
• Identify and explain the main theories or models in [academic field].
• How does [historical event] contribute to our understanding of [relevant aspect]?
• Provide examples of [category or type] in the context of [subject].
• What is the significance of [important event or discovery]?
• How does [author, scientist, historical figure] influence [subject]?
• Analyze the impact of [innovation, invention, or development] on [field].
• Explain the significance of [mathematical formula or equation].
• Can you recall the steps involved in [scientific method, historical process, etc.]?
• Discuss the different perspectives on [controversial issues].
• How do [cultural, social, or economic factors] influence [subject]?
• What connections can you draw between [historical period, scientific theory, etc.] and our present understanding?
• What are the implications of [scientific theory or discovery]?
• Discuss the applications of [concept] in real-world scenarios.
• What questions do you have that require further investigation or research?
• How would you adapt this knowledge for different contexts or audiences?
• Can you critique or analyze the arguments presented in [related text or source]?
• How does [concept] connect to the broader field of [subject]?
• Explain any challenges or limitations associated with [related topic or idea].

Questions to Ask Students to Encourage Critical Thinking

The following thought-provoking questions to ask students are crafted to stimulate deep thinking, foster analytical skills, and encourage students to explore diverse perspectives. These questions follow Bloom’s Taxonomy framework essential for building crucial learning behaviors.

• How might you solve this problem differently?
• Can you explain the reasoning behind your answer?
• What evidence supports your conclusion?
• How would you approach this situation from a different perspective?
• Can you identify any assumptions in the information provided?
• What questions do you have about this topic that require further exploration?
• How do you think the outcome would change if certain variables were altered?
• What are the implications of this concept in a real-world scenario?
• Can you predict the possible consequences of different choices?
• How would you prioritize these ideas or solutions?
• In what ways might this concept be applied to solve other problems?
• What alternative solutions can you propose for this challenge?
• How might different cultural perspectives influence our understanding of this issue?
• What connections can you draw between this topic and your personal experiences?
• Can you identify any patterns or trends in the data provided?
• How does this concept relate to what we’ve learned in previous lessons?
• What questions would you ask to gather more information on this topic?
• How might you explain this idea to someone who has never encountered it before?
• What are the ethical considerations in making this decision?
• How does this concept contribute to our broader understanding of the subject?
• Can you identify any cause-and-effect relationships in this scenario?
• How would you adapt this solution for a different audience or context?
• In what ways could this concept be applied to address current societal issues?
• Can you identify any logical fallacies in the argument presented?
• How might this theory be tested or experimented with to validate its validity?
• What questions do you have that require additional research or investigation?
• How does this information challenge or confirm your existing beliefs?
• Can you synthesize information from multiple sources to form a comprehensive understanding?

Questions to Ask Students to Promote Self-Reflection

The classroom is not just for learning the usual subjects. It’s also a safe space where students can develop their sense of self, and these questions can help them start reflecting on their own inner workings.

• What did you learn about yourself during the last school year?
• Can you recall a moment when you overcame a personal challenge? How did it impact you?
• How has your perspective on a particular subject or idea evolved over time?
• What goals have you set for yourself, and how have you progressed towards achieving them?
• Is there a mistake or failure you experienced that taught you a valuable lesson?
• How do you handle stress, and have your coping mechanisms changed?
• Can you identify a moment when your assumptions about something were challenged?
• What are your proudest achievements, and what do they say about you?
• Reflect on a time when you had to collaborate with others. What did you learn from the experience?
• How do you prioritize your time and tasks to maintain a healthy balance?
• Can you share a specific instance when you had to adapt to unexpected circumstances?
• Reflect on your communication style. How do you express yourself, and how has it evolved?
• Is there a skill or ability you once struggled with that you’ve since improved upon?
• How do you approach decision-making, and how has your decision-making process developed?
• Can you recall a moment when you had to step out of your comfort zone? What did you discover?
• Reflect on your relationships with classmates or friends. How have they influenced your growth?
• What extracurricular activities or hobbies bring you a sense of fulfillment?
• Has there been a significant change in your values or beliefs? What prompted this change?
• Consider a difficult choice you had to make. How did it shape your character?
• Reflect on a piece of feedback you received. How did you respond, and what did you learn?
• How do you approach setbacks or obstacles, and what strategies do you use to overcome them?
• Consider a book, movie, or piece of art that resonated with you. What elements impacted you the most?
• Reflect on your involvement in community service or volunteer work. How has it influenced your perspective?
• How do you set and adjust your academic or personal goals based on your reflections?
• Can you identify an area where you’ve demonstrated significant personal growth recently?

Questions of the Day for Preschool

Our preschool questions of the day are where curiosity meets fun. These engaging questions are designed to spark conversation and exploration in your preschool classroom.

• What is your favorite color today?
• Can you show me how you wiggle like a silly worm?
• If you were an animal, which one would you be and why?
• What’s your favorite thing to play with in the playground?
• Can you name something that makes you happy?
• What is your favorite fruit or vegetable?
• Can you share a story about your favorite toy?
• What do you like to do when it’s sunny outside?
• Can you think of a word that rhymes with your name?
• If you could be a character from a storybook, who would you be?
• What’s your favorite way to say hello to your friends?
• Can you count to [a specific number] for me?
• What’s your favorite bedtime story?
• What’s your favorite thing to eat for lunch?
• If you had a magic wand, what would you wish for?
• What’s your favorite thing to wear today?
• What’s your favorite animal sound?
• Can you tell me a word that describes how you’re feeling today?
• What’s your favorite game to play with your friends?
• Can you name something that’s the same color as your shoes?
• If you could have any pet in the world, what would it be?
• Can you share something kind you did for someone today?

Questions to Ask Seniors in High School

Senior year in high school is one of the most important periods in a student’s academic journey. These questions aim to capture the memories and future aspirations of your final-year students.

• What are your proudest achievements throughout high school?
• How would you describe your personal growth over the past four years?
• What advice would you give to incoming freshmen?
• Can you reflect on a challenging moment and how you overcame it?
• What extracurricular activities have had the most impact on you?
• How has your perspective on education evolved during high school?
• What is a memorable lesson you’ve learned inside or outside the classroom?
• If you could relive one moment from high school, what would it be?
• What are your career aspirations, and how have they changed since freshman year?
• Can you share a favorite memory with your friends or classmates?
• What subject or class has been the most influential for you, and why?
• How have you balanced academics, extracurriculars, and personal life?
• Who has been the most influential teacher or mentor for you and why?
• What goals have you set for yourself beyond high school graduation?
• Can you share a funny or lighthearted moment from your high school journey?
• What is something you wish you had known as a freshman?
• How has technology impacted your high school experience?
• What legacy do you hope to leave behind at your high school?
• Can you reflect on a moment that challenged your values or beliefs?
• How have your friendships evolved since the beginning of high school?
• What traditions or events will you miss the most after graduation?
• How have you navigated the college application and decision-making process?
• What advice do you have for staying motivated during challenging times?
• How has high school prepared you for the next chapter of your life?
• What hobbies or interests have you developed during high school?
• Can you share a personal goal you’ve achieved during your time in high school?
• How do you envision your life five years from now?
• What will you miss most about high school?

Questions To Ask Students – Fun Edition!

This collection of fun questions to ask students is designed to infuse joy into the learning experience, fostering engagement and bringing a playful twist to classroom dynamics.

• If you could have any animal as a classroom pet, what would it be and why?
• What’s your favorite ice cream flavor, and could you invent a new flavor?
• If you could swap lives with a fictional character for a day, who would it be?
• What’s the silliest dance move you can come up with?
• If you could travel back in time, which era would you visit and why?
• What’s the most adventurous thing you’ve ever done?
• What’s your go-to karaoke song, and can you sing a snippet for us?
• If you could create a new holiday, what would it celebrate, and how would you celebrate it?
• What’s the weirdest food combination you’ve ever tried and liked?
• If you were a superhero, what would your superpower be?
• If you were a dessert, what would you be and why?
• If your pet could talk, what do you think they would say about you?
• What’s the most unusual talent you possess?
• If your life were a movie, what genre would it be, and who would play you?
• What’s your favorite joke or funny story to share?
• What’s your dream job, even if it’s something wacky or unconventional?
• If you could be any inanimate object for a day, what would it be and why?
• What’s your spirit animal, and how does it reflect your personality?
• If you could be invisible for a day, how would you use your newfound power?
• What’s the most interesting fact you know that might surprise others?
• If you could time travel to the future, what technology would you hope to find?
• What’s the funniest thing that happened to you recently?
• If you had a spaceship, where in the universe would you travel to?
• If you could bring any fictional character to life as your friend, who would it be?

Free “Questions to Ask Students” PDF for Download – Keep these questions at hand for easy everyday access!

Make your questions stand out with these 3 secret tips.

No matter how fun or thought-provoking your questions are, there’s a possibility that your questions will be met with crickets. We know how discouraging that can feel, so our teachers have tried and tested plenty of ways to liven up the classroom during these sessions.

Here are some recommended methods you can implement to your Q&A sessions more engaging: 

Tip #1 Encourage participation by picking random names

Not all students in the classroom have the same level of proactivity. For a productive Q&A session with your pupils, give the shy ones a little push by using a random name picker . Decide between an easy-to-use spinner wheel, random cards, or an auto-picker to select more than one student at once. With this tool, everyone can have a chance to participate.

Tip #2 Engage with Students Interactively

Breathe life into your lessons by turning these questions into an interactive experience! Move beyond simple questioning by incorporating interactive quizzes and quick polls to transform your classroom . These engaging strategies will not only boost student participation but also enhance their learning through active application.

Tip #3 Easily reward students with stars & badges

We know how important (and ridiculously fun) gamifying the classroom can be, so look for gamification apps or software that you can use to make learning more fun. Some of the gamification features that you can use to motivate students include awarding stars to those who answer your questions or creating a leaderboard to create a sense of friendly competition. These can surely elevate your daily Q&A sessions.

If these tips entice you, then we recommend trying ClassPoint out. ClassPoint is a go-to classroom engagement tool trusted by teachers worldwide that can be easily paired with your PowerPoint presentations.

And the best thing of all? You don’t even have to leave PowerPoint to do all of these tricks! Once you’ve downloaded ClassPoint, you can easily access all of its features while doing your PPT presentations. If this entices you, get started with our lesson manual and try it out for free! 

Final Thoughts

With this list of 180+ questions to ask your students every day, we hope that your classroom can be more lively than ever. These questions are not just conversation starters but gateways to fostering a dynamic and interactive learning environment. By incorporating these inquiries into your daily routine, you can cultivate a sense of curiosity, engagement, and open dialogue among your students.

As you explore these questions with your class, observe how they encourage critical thinking, promote self-expression, and contribute to a positive classroom culture. Use this resource so that each question can start meaningful discussions, creating an atmosphere where learning becomes a shared, vibrant experience for both you and your students.

About Febriana Ramadhanya

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102 Thought-Provoking Questions to Ask About Life

Have you ever posed a thought-provoking question to your child?

Do you want to train your students to question well , but you’re not sure how—or which questions to ask? 

Today, I want to share a list of thought-provoking questions to help you kickstart their critical thinking journey. 

Think of these queries as discussion topics that you can handpick according to their age and level of understanding. 

Deep Thought-Provoking Questions About Life

Some of the best thought-provoking topics are those that examine our morals, ethics, and opinions on a life well-lived. 

The right questions can even help us reflect on our own journeys—and prompt us to correct course as needed.

Next time your mind is free to roam, here are some good questions to make you think about life.

You may notice that some are similar to those asked in our 240 Philosophical Questions post .

That’s because philosophy pursues a deep understanding of life, and its nature is naturally thought-provoking. 

• Is it better to live to a ripe old age with little excitement or lead an adventurous but short life?
• What does it mean to be free?
• What does it mean to be successful in life?
• Can perfection ever become reality?
• Do you think the world would be better or worse if everyone thought the same way?
• If you could take away all negative feelings, would this be a good or bad thing? 
• Is everyone’s life of equal value, or is it more important to protect some lives than others?
• Is it okay to break the law if there are extenuating circumstances?
• Which is the better choice—fight or flight?
• If you had all the time in the world, what would you fill it with?
• If nobody cared what you did—good or bad—how would you live your life differently than you do now?
• Have you ever impulsively acted in a way that changed your life forever?
• If you could choose a life of ease, would you?
• What wise advice do you wish you had followed?
• Is it okay to “fake it until you make it,” or is it more important to be genuine?
• Can a person be true to him or herself while also bending to the needs of others?

Get a Question-Based Critical Thinking Exercise—Free!

Introduce critical thinking gently & easily with thought-provoking exercises.

Thoughtful Questions for Friends and Family

Internal pondering of thought-provoking questions can help you examine your own life better. 

What about the people around you? 

Do you know them as well as you’d like? 

How a person answers tough questions can reveal much about him or her. Their answers may even lead you to question your own beliefs. 

That’s where critical thinking comes to into play.

At the very least, thoughtful questions are far more fascinating than small talk.

While you don’t necessarily want to interrogate your friends, it’s nice to have a few conversation starters to draw from. 

Here are some examples of thought-provoking questions to get to know someone:

• Do you enjoy being by yourself? 
• Do you ever cave in to peer pressure, even if it’s not what you want to do?
• Do you ever feel misunderstood? When does it happen the most?
• Do you ever show off—even subtly—just to make other people think better of you?
• Do you have any internal rules that you live by no matter what?
• Do you have any real phobias?
• Have you ever experienced something unbelievable—and people think you’re lying about it?
• If there was ever a disaster in your town and everyone had to pitch in to rebuild, what part would you play?
• If you could be like anyone in the world, who would it be?
• If you had to live with only 5 material possessions, what would you choose?
• Are you so competitive that you end up being a sore loser or gloating winner?
• Is there a song whose lyrics speak to you?
• What do you think is the best thing about you?
• What is your most unusual talent?
• What do you want more than anything else?
• What would you keep even if you were offered all the money in the world for it?
• What’s the title of your fictionalized life story? Does the hero live happily ever after?
• When you feel anxious, what place, activity, or person makes you feel better?
• When you’re sick, do you like to be babied or left alone?

Thought-Provoking Questions That Are Funny and Lighthearted

Thoughtful questions don’t have to be so serious. 

Whether you need to wake everyone’s minds before school or want to jazz up boring chit-chat, try some thought-provoking conversation starters and icebreakers .

Here are a few fun questions to get you started:

• Where do you think a hamster is trying to go when he’s running on that wheel?
• What animal would you bring back from extinction?
• What’s the weirdest dream you’ve ever had?
• Do cats rule and dogs drool, or do you prefer dogs over cats?
• Speaking of cats, what would your cat be like as a person?
• If you could convince people to believe anything you told them, what story would you create just for fun?
• If you could live in an amusement park, shopping center, or other fun place, which would you choose?
• If you had a chance to meet your clone, would you?
• If you had to choose only two foods to eat for the rest of your life, what would they be?
• If you had to choose two of these—seeing, hearing, or being able to walk—which would you choose and why?
• What is the funniest joke you’ve ever heard?
• What is the best way to start your day?
• What movie or comic book superhero do you most relate to?
• Which storybook character do you wish you could be?
• Which movie villain would you most hate to meet in real life?
• Why are yummy foods bad for you and gross foods good for you?
• Will machines ever totally take over everyone’s manual-labor jobs?
• Would you own an exotic animal if it wasn’t harmful to the animal or yourself? Which one?
• You have one day to spend a million dollars—what do you buy?
• Does pineapple belong on pizza? 
• If you had to eat a worm, would you swallow it whole or chew it up?

We also have a post with fun critical thinking questions . Be sure to check it out!

Open Ended Thought-Provoking Questions

Now more than ever, it is critical to teach our children to think on topics that may not have black-and-white answers.

They will face tough issues eventually.

Sadly, the unprepared person is prone to believing false narratives.

Thought-provoking questions for teens and students can nudge them toward thinking carefully about important topics: 

Identify Deceptive Lies Disguised as Logic

Our teens may be deceived tomorrow if they don’t learn to discern today!

Try some of these intriguing topics for discussion:

• Do people see you the way you see yourself?
• What is a true friend?
• Would you rather live in an era of the past? Which one?
• If you could outlaw one thing that’s acceptable in our culture right now, what would it be?
• What constitutes “the good life”?
• If you had to live in one place for the rest of your life, where would it be?
• Is there anything you need to pay forward?
• What has been your greatest adventure up to this point?
• What is at the top of your bucket list?
• What first impression do you try to give new people?
• When is it okay to tell a lie?
• What does perfection look like?
• Who has shaped your personality the most?
• Would you rather have work you enjoy or lots of time to do nothing?
• Would you rather walk on the moon or explore the deepest oceans?
• Where do you see yourself in five years? Ten?
• What mistakes have you seen adults around you make that you plan to avoid?
• What does it mean to be an adult?

Questions to Ask About Yourself and the World Around You

When you want your students to ponder their human nature and purpose, existential questions like these are helpful:

• Does the American dream exist?
• Should all crimes be equally punishable, or should circumstances decide the punishment?
• Do you derive energy from nature, manmade environments, or somewhere else?
• What keeps you up at night?
• What legacy do you hope to leave?
• What motivates you most?
• Is one life enough?
• In what ways do you wish you were different? Can you change?
• What’s something you need to do—but haven’t yet—because it scares you?
• What parts of your personality do you hide and why?
• If you could master one thing, what would it be?
• What would a collage of your life include?
• What makes the world a better place?
• In what ways do you fool yourself?
• Are you a producer or consumer?
• Do you think people in the past had it easier or harder than we do now?
• If you had to choose between remembering your past or being able to make new memories in the future, which would you choose?
• If you had a “do-over,” what past event would you spend it on?
• If you had a chance to live in the woods with no access to the internet, would you do it?
• If you had to pick a motto for your life, what would it be?
• What causes two people to “connect”?
• Was the invention of social media a bad idea?
• What brings you joy?
• What do you need most?
• Why are some truths hard to accept?
• What’s holding you back from doing what you want to do?
• What one thing would you eliminate forever if you could?
• Can opinions be wrong?

How to Use: Create Time for a “Question of the Day” 

If you’re looking for a way to incorporate deep thought into your homeschool, may I recommend instituting a “Thought-Provoking Question of the Day”?

Simply put, you would choose a time that works best for your family to come together and present a question to ponder. 

Provide time for each member to think about the topic and form an answer. Next, discuss the question openly, encouraging everyone to voice their opinion—even if they fear it might seem “silly.”

You’d be amazed how a simple question can spark quality conversation and deep critical thinking.

We created 240 Questions for just this purpose:

About The Author

Jordan Mitchell

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115 Critical Thinking Questions For Adults and Students

By: Author Tom Stevenson

Posted on Published: November 9, 2021  - Last updated: August 19, 2023

To learn how this content was created please read our Editorial Guidelines .

Critical thinking questions are a great way to help you learn and get to the heart of many matters.

These fun critical thinking questions are what you should be asking if you want to learn more and challenge your own beliefs.

Questioning what you’ve read, what you’ve learnt and your own preconceptions is a useful way to remove your own ignorance on many topics.

As a child, we asked questions about critical thinking all the time. It’s how we learn right and wrong and a variety of other things. Curiosity and questioning what we know are some of the best ways to improve your knowledge.

Whether you want to use these questions with your students or to learn more yourself, they’ll help you develop a framework to learn more about almost anything.

Table of Contents

Critical thinking questions examples.

Critical thinking questions are easy to spot. They’re questions that are worded so you can take a more in-depth look at things.

They’re similar in nature to open-ended questions , in that it’s expected the person who’s being questioned will provide a substantive answer rather than a short one.

Here are a few examples so you get the idea:

• How do you know this?
• Why does it matter?
• What are the reasons for _____?

Critical Thinking Questions Starting With ‘What’

1. What do you think you would have done if you were the person in that position?

2. What did you think they meant when they said…?

3. What did you assume about them in the beginning that you were wrong about?

4. What do you think it meant when this happened…?

5. What did the evidence say about…?

6. What do you think would have happened if…?

7. What are your conclusions about…?

8. What do you think would have been a better ending to…?

9. What could have been a big twist in the story?

10. What do you think would have happened if…?

You might also like:

• Hardest questions to answer
• Ethical questions
• Philosophical questions
• Probing questions
• Questions that make you think

11. What were the strengths of this argument?

12. What do you think were the weaknesses about…?

13. What do you think that ___ meant?

You might also like: What if questions

14. What do you think made ___ do that?

15. What do you think the reasons are for it happening in that way?

16. What do you think would have changed if ___ did _?

17. What would have been a better option for…?

18. What do you think the problem was about…?

19. What do you think you could do to solve this problem?

20. What should have happened instead of…?

21. What do you think the biggest win about ___ is?

22. What do you think will happen when…?

23. What do you think that character’s motive was in the movie?

24. What makes you come to that idea?

25. What is the point of…?

26. What do you think you would say to ___ if you had the chance?

You might also like: Self-reflection questions

Questions For Critical Thinking Starting With ‘When’

27. When do you think that this became a problem?

28. When will you change your mind about…?

29. When do you think you will be ready to…?

30. When will you be able to tell if _ worked?

31. When is ___ ever acceptable?

32. When will be the right time to stop…?

33. When is the best time to start…?

34. When do you think the situation changed with…?

35. When will ___ ever happen?

36. When do you think you knew in the movie what the ending was going to be?

37. When will be the best time to have another think about…?

38. When shall we revisit…?

39. When did you realise that ___ hadn’t worked?

You might also like: Thought provoking questions

Critical Thinking Questions Starting With ‘How’

40. How do you feel about…?

41. How do you think _ could have been handled better?

42. How would you have responded to…?

43. How did you come to that conclusion about…?

44. How does doing ___ change…?

45. How would you feel if…?

46. How did you come to deciding…?

47. How do you think ___ might hurt..?

48. How else would you handle this in the future?

49. How do you think they ought to have responded to…?

50. How do you think you will feel when…?

51. How did this benefit you?

52. How would ___ benefit others?

Next: Mind blowing questions

53. How is this different from other situations?

54. How would you advise them to handle it in the future?

55. How do you think they will react when they find out…?

Critical Thinking Questions Starting With ‘Who’

56. Who will be affected when this happens?

57. Who is the person that you would call on for…?

58. Who do you think will be most impacted by…?

59. Who caused the problem in ___ this situation?

60. Who wrote…?

61. Who do you think is most likely to…?

62. Who do you think will most benefit from…?

63. Who do you think was the problem in ___ situation?

64. Who caused the most harm in…?

65. Who is responsible for…?

You might also like: Yes or no questions

66. Who do you think is the most crucial person for…?

67. Who would be the best person to call on for this problem?

68. Who can you count on …?

69. Who do you think would be best off staying out of…?

70. Who is the person you are most nervous about telling…?

71. Who was the happiest when they found out that…?

72. Who was the most important character in this story?

73. Who had the strongest argument for…?

74. Who do you feel was wrong in that situation?

75. Who would be the first person that you would tell about…?

Critical Thinking Questions Starting With ‘Why’

76. Why do you need to…?

77. Why do you think they chose to…?

78. Why do you think that ___ happened?

Next: Hypothetical questions

79. Why is it important to…?

80. Why do you think ___ is necessary?

81. Why do you think that they said?

82. Why do you think the author decided to add…?

83. Why is it a problem when…?

84. Why do we need to do…?

85. Why are you so…?

86. Why does this need to stop?

87. Why do you need to improve…?

88. Why do you think I am bringing this up…

89. Why do you think that ___ became a problem?

90. Why do you think it wasn’t rectified?

Critical Thinking Questions Starting With ‘Where’

91. Where has this happened before?

You might also like: Unanswerable questions

92. Where do you think we would be if…?

93. Where did the story begin to alter?

94. Where can we give our attention to…?

95. Where can you get more information about…?

96. Where do we need to improve?

97. Where would we find the solution for….?

98. Where did they find the solution?

99. Where do you think that ___ got complicated?

100. Where could we ask for help with…?

101. Where would you have done things differently?

102. Where would you seek answers to these problems?

103. Where do you think would have been the best place to stop?

104. Where would you advise we focus next time we…?

105. Where do you think it went wrong?

Critical Thinking Questions For Interviews

106. Tell me about a time you had to use your initiative to solve a problem

107. How would you handle a situation when you’ve noticed a superior makes an error?

108. What would you do if a colleague came to you with an unusual suggestion to improve the business?

109. Have you ever anticipated potential problems and stopped them before they became an issue?

110. How quickly do you make decisions?

111. How do you handle disagreements between colleagues?

112. Have you ever convinced managers or your superiors to take your approach on solving a problem?

113. How would you solve a disagreement between a customer and a colleague?

114. What would you do if a customer came to with an issue while you were talking to a colleague/superior?

115. What would you do if you had a deadline approaching you knew you wouldn’t be able to meet?

Looking For More Questions?

Existential Questions – Questions that will make you think about life, the universe and many other deep topics.

Trick Questions – If you want people to start thinking but in a fun way, these questions are perfect!

• Math Resources Links
• Math in the Real World
• Differentiated Math Unlocked
• Math in the Real World Workshop

20 Math Critical Thinking Questions to Ask in Class Tomorrow

• November 20, 2023

The level of apathy towards math is only increasing as each year passes and it’s up to us as teachers to make math class more meaningful . This list of math critical thinking questions will give you a quick starting point for getting your students to think deeper about any concept or problem. 

Since artificial intelligence has basically changed schooling as we once knew it, I’ve seen a lot of districts and teachers looking for ways to lean into AI rather than run from it.

The idea of memorizing formulas and regurgitating information for a test is becoming more obsolete. We can now teach our students how to use their resources to make educated decisions and solve more complex problems.

With that in mind, teachers have more opportunities to get their students thinking about the why rather than the how.

Table of Contents

Looking for more about critical thinking skills? Check out these blog posts:

• Why You Need to Be Teaching Writing in Math Class Today
• How to Teach Problem Solving for Mathematics
• Turn the Bloom’s Taxonomy Verbs into Engaging Math Activities

What skills do we actually want to teach our students?

As professionals, we talk a lot about transferable skills that can be valuable in multiple jobs, such as leadership, event planning, or effective communication. The same can be said for high school students. 

It’s important to think about the skills that we want them to have before they are catapulted into the adult world. 

Do you want them to be able to collaborate and communicate effectively with their peers? Maybe you would prefer that they can articulate their thoughts in a way that makes sense to someone who knows nothing about the topic.

Whatever you decide are the most essential skills your students should learn, make sure to add them into your lesson objectives.

When should I ask these math critical thinking questions?

Critical thinking doesn’t have to be complex or fill an entire lesson. There are simple ways that you can start adding these types of questions into your lessons daily!

Start small

Add specific math critical thinking questions to your warm up or exit ticket routine. This is a great way to start or end your class because your students will be able to quickly show you what they understand. 

Asking deeper questions at the beginning of your class can end up leading to really great discussions and get your students talking about math.

Add critical thinking questions to word problems

Word problems and real-life applications are the perfect place to add in critical thinking questions. Real-world applications offer a more choose-your-own-adventure style assignment where your students can expand on their thought processes. 

They also allow your students to get creative and think outside of the box. These problem-solving skills play a critical role in helping your students develop critical thinking abilities.

Keep reading for math critical thinking questions that can be applied to any subject or topic!

When you want your students to defend their answers.

• Explain the steps you took to solve this problem
• How do you know that your answer is correct?
• Draw a diagram to prove your solution.
• Is there a different way to solve this problem besides the one you used?
• How would you explain _______________ to a student in the grade below you?
• Why does this strategy work?
• Use evidence from the problem/data to defend your answer in complete sentences.

When you want your students to justify their opinions

• What do you think will happen when ______?
• Do you agree/disagree with _______?
• What are the similarities and differences between ________ and __________?
• What suggestions would you give to this student?
• What is the most efficient way to solve this problem?
• How did you decide on your first step for solving this problem?

When you want your students to think outside of the box

• How can ______________ be used in the real world?
• What might be a common error that a student could make when solving this problem?
• How is _____________ topic similar to _______________ (previous topic)?
• What examples can you think of that would not work with this problem solving method?
• What would happen if __________ changed?
• Create your own problem that would give a solution of ______________.
• What other math skills did you need to use to solve this problem?

Let’s Recap:

• Rather than running from AI, help your students use it as a tool to expand their thinking.
• Identify a few transferable skills that you want your students to learn and make a goal for how you can help them develop these skills.
• Add critical thinking questions to your daily warm ups or exit tickets.
• Ask your students to explain their thinking when solving a word problem.
• Get a free sample of my Algebra 1 critical thinking questions ↓

8 thoughts on “20 Math Critical Thinking Questions to Ask in Class Tomorrow”

I would love to see your free math writing prompts, but there is no place for me to sign up. thank you

Ahh sorry about that! I just updated the button link!

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Center for Teaching Innovation

Facilitating discussions.

Facilitating a longer discussion in a small class or seminar requires many skills in planning, asking good questions, listening, managing the time, keeping an eye on the group dynamics, and thinking on your feet to respond. It takes time and experience to become a good discussion facilitator. Observing how other instructors facilitate discussion, either by asking a colleague if you can observe a class or through participating in the Big Red Teaching Days class observation program, is one way to enhance your skills. Below, you can find strategies to plan, structure, and lead a discussion.

Asking Good Questions as a Facilitator

Shape your questions to practice intellectual skills . When creating your question prompts, reflect on your learning outcomes and the intellectual skills you are helping the students to practice. For example, you may want students to practice critiquing the study methods or use of evidence, examining different perspectives, identifying assumptions or biases, seeing themes or patterns, or recognizing rhetorical moves. Write your questions with your learning outcomes in mind.

Ask one question at a time and then wait . Be careful about making a question too complex, stacking questions (asking two or more questions at one time), or over-explaining and rephrasing your question. Ask one question and then wait 10-30 seconds or give students some time to write. A complex question needs thinking time. Allowing more thinking time encourages greater participation from everyone – not just from the students who can quickly jump into a discussion.

Organizing discussion questions Consider organizing your questions into the categories of ‘warming up,’ ‘exploring’, and ‘wrapping up’.

Warm-up: Give students an opportunity to start thinking about a topic or question. This might include individual writing or thinking time or a discussion prompt to discuss with a partner. Some example warm-up questions include.

• Try to write a one sentence summary of this topic/reading/case study etc.
• Write down three questions you have about this topic/reading/film/art work/material etc.
• What stood out to you in the reading/film/music etc.?
• How do you feel about the argument or perspective presented? Do you agree or disagree and why?
• What connections can you see between this topic and current events or issues?
• What potential biases or assumptions can you identify in the material?
• What are some possible counterarguments or alternative perspectives?
• How does this topic relate to your own experiences or beliefs? What new insights did you gain?

Exploring : This is the heart of the discussion when students are exploring different threads, topics, ideas, and perspectives. Instructor questions can deepen the discussion and help students practice intellectual skills such as source or evidence evaluation, comparison, identifying assumptions or bias, identifying themes or patterns, critique or questioning, and synthesis. 

Wrap-up : At the end, leave time for students to reflect on take-aways, insights, or further questions to consider. The instructor might want to highlight certain points or ideas. Note that wrapping up does not necessarily mean finding one answer or consensus on a topic.

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Warming-up Strategies

• Minute paper: Pose a question for students to write about for a minute (or five minutes)
• Think/pair/share: Present students with a question, problem, or item for reflection. Have students reflect or write on their own for 1-2 minutes, then discuss with a peer for another 2-5 minutes. Invite several pairs to share their thoughts. 
• Close reading, close observation, close listening: Ask your students to read and provide a detailed explanation of  a passage of text, listen to poetry or music, or closely examine an image. Then ask them to answer a question(s) based on the material. Have students discuss their thoughts with a peer(s).
• Write a list of questions: Ask students to write a list of questions they have about a topic, a reading, an image, a piece of music, an experiment, etc. This can be followed by pair discussion, small group, or whole class discussion of some of the questions.
• Real-life examples: For a concept in the class, ask students to think of or find an example from real life (this could be from their own life or in the news). The purpose is to help students build connections and memories as well as to see if they can transfer what they are learning to other examples. It can also help value and highlight diverse perspectives.
• Polling questions: Ask students to vote or respond to a question on a scale of 1-5. Ask them to share their reasoning for their answer with a partner. PollEverywhere software can help with classroom polling. You can sign up for a free Cornell account through the Center for Teaching Innovation.

Exploring Strategies

Questions that can deepen and enrich the conversation. As the instructor, you may need to encourage students to build on each other's ideas, use evidence to back up their comments, or uncover assumptions. Some question types that help to deepen the discussion include:

• Evidence questions: ask students to find examples or examine the supporting evidence.
• Connecting questions: ask students to compare or link this discussion to previous class topics, readings, or themes, or ask students to build on what someone has said.
• Counter-argument questions: ask about other possibilities or perspectives, underlying assumptions, or may take a devil’s advocate position.
• Hypothetical questions: ask ‘what if?’ and prompt consideration of other possibilities or outcomes.
• Summary or synthesis questions: ask students to identify key ideas, themes, what they have learned, or questions they still have about a topic.
• Noticing and wondering questions: As the instructor, you might notice emotions or patterns in the room such as uncertainty, avoidance, enthusiasm, curiosity, controversy, or anger. You could phrase a question such as “I’m noticing that people seem really enthusiastic about the idea that…what is especially appealing about this idea?”

Other Strategies for Exploring Complex Topics Include:

Wrapping up the discussion.

Effectively concluding a discussion can be just as important as the discussion itself. Various techniques can help maximize the time spent, reinforce the learning, and allow for connections to future parts of the course. Consider trying out the following at the end of a discussion session:

• Summarize key points with the group : Highlight the main ideas, critical concepts, and arguments discussed, and recap any consensus or differing viewpoints. 
• Connect back to learning objectives : Relate the discussion back to the course objectives and why it’s important. Emphasize how the discussion contributes to the overall understanding of the subject matter.
• Acknowledge contributions : Point out specific contributions that added significant value. This helps learners to feel heard, valued and cared about, and a desire to contribute in the future.
• What was the most surprising or unexpected point that emerged from today’s discussion?
• How did today’s discussion change or reinforce your understanding of the topic?
• Can you identify any real-world applications or implications of the concepts  discussed?
• What questions remain unanswered for you after our discussion, and how might  you go about finding the answers?
• How does what we discussed today connect to other topics we’ve covered in this course or other courses?
• What is something you learned from someone else today?
• Provide a closing question or thought : You could also open the floor to last thoughts from anyone in the group.
• Highlight applications and real-world connections : Apply the discussion to other contexts and real-world scenarios to demonstrate higher-level thinking skills and provide relevancy, engagement, and deeper learning.
• Connection for the next class : Explain how today’s discussion relates to future topics. This helps to create a sense of continuity and context for the learning material.

Reflection Afterward

• Assign follow-up reflection activities : To reinforce the learning and generate new ideas, try having students complete reflection activities, such as exit tickets (one thing they learned and one question they still have), reflection papers, student summaries, discussion boards, debates, case studies, and concept maps. Decide whether it’s beneficial for this process to be solo or shared with the group.
• Solicit student feedback : How did it go for learners? An anonymous survey, exit slip, or a minute paper on how it went for them can significantly help to assess what students are taking with them from the class. You can learn so much in just one check-in that you can take with you for years. You might discover areas where students were hindered, held back, or had a barrier preventing them from performing. There might also be useful suggestions from students for next time.
• What went well? How do you feel it went for learners?
• Was there anything that could be improved for next time?
• Were there question prompts that worked especially well? Or ones that seemed confusing?
• What did you specifically do well? Is there anything you as the facilitator might do differently?
• Were there any lulls or heated moments? How might you address or manage these in the future?
• Are there ways to add roles or structures that could take some of the pressure off of you? Perhaps there are student roles and tasks to help facilitate or maintain the flow of discussion. 
• If something didn’t go so well or you are concerned with students' psychological safety, you can still acknowledge or apologize next class and share how you are working to address it. You can also connect students with campus resources and reach out to directly impacted students individually.

References and Further Reading:

Eberly Center, Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation (2024) Discussions. Carnegie Mellon.

Davis, B. G. (1993) Tools for Teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Brookfield, S. D. and S. Preskill. (1999). Discussion as a Way of Teaching: Tools and Techniques for Democratic Classrooms. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

How to cite ChatGPT

Use discount code STYLEBLOG15 for 15% off APA Style print products with free shipping in the United States.

We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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