%
We note from the results that the negative effects of the social media on the level of "postponement” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (4076), weighted relative weight of (67.93%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. It is clear from the analysis that the phrase (I learned from my friends through social media that achieving a self does not require logic in thinking and does not require speed in decision-making for any reason) showed the highest percentage of all the negative effects of social media on the level of " postponement " in the social identity of adolescents, with total weights (456), Weighted relative weight (76), percentage of 11.18 % and Ranking (1).
The question was: What are the negative effects of social media on the level of "closure" in the social identity of adolescents from the perspective of social work?
The total weights, weighted relative weight, percentage of the negative effects of social media on the level of " closure " in the social identity of adolescents were calculated by using the Questionnaire instrument and then arranging the negative effects of social media on the level of " closure " according to their total weights, weighted relative weight, and percentage from High to low (see Table 6 , Figure 4 ).
The negative effects of social media on the level of "closure" in the social identity of adolescents.
The negative effects of social media on the level of "Closure" | Total weights | Weighted relative weight % | percentage % | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
I see that my future has become strongly determined by my relationships with friends in my virtual community Via social media. | 374 | 62.33 | 9.6 | 8 |
I follow my friends in everything they do on social media. | 373 | 62.17 | 9.57 | 9 |
I tend to choose the friends I meet on social media because I don't have to meet them face to face. | 390 | 65 | 10.01 | 5 |
My thoughts, convictions, and style of life are made by the views of my friends on social media. | 380 | 63.33 | 9.75 | 7 |
I wait help my friends on Facebook and Instagram in setting my goals in life. | 385 | 64.17 | 9.88 | 6 |
The presence of my family members on my social media account is imposed on me, and I am inside me I don't agree on it. | 507 | 84.5 | 13.01 | 1 |
The satisfaction of my virtual friends about me Via social media makes me feel comfortable. | 416 | 69.33 | 10.67 | 3 |
I stick to the ideas of absolute freedom because is my way to get closer to others by raising the number of followers on social media. | 419 | 69.83 | 10.75 | 2 |
I believe in the point of view of my social media friends regarding sexual intercourse. | 257 | 42.83 | 6.6 | 10 |
Social media give meaning to my social relations with others through their acceptance of me and their interaction with me. | 396 | 66 | 10.16 | 4 |
64.95 % | ||||
Middle |
The negative effects of social media on the level of " closure " in the social identity of adolescents.
We note from the results that the negative effects of the social media on the level of "closure” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (3897), weighted relative weight of (64.95 %). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. It is clear from the analysis that the phrase (The presence of my family members on my social media account is imposed on me, and I am inside me I don't agree on it) showed the highest percentage of all the negative effects of social media on the level of " closure " in the social identity of adolescents, with total weights (507), Weighted relative weight (84.5), percentage of 13.01% and Ranking (1).
The question was: What are the negative effects of social media on the level of "dispersion" in the social identity of adolescents from the perspective of social work?
The total weights, weighted relative weight, percentage of the negative effects of social media on the level of " dispersion" in the social identity of adolescents were calculated by using the Questionnaire instrument and then arranging the negative effects of social media on the level of "dispersion" according to their total weights, weighted relative weight, and percentage from High to low (see Table 7 , Figure 5 ).
The negative effects of social media on the level of "dispersion" in the social identity of adolescents.
The negative effects of social media on the level of "Dispersion" | Total weights | Weighted relative weight % | percentage % | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
My friends on Facebook convinced me that social values are a mask to reach personal interests. | 417 | 69.5 | 10.26 | 4 |
I have learned from social media that religious commitment is not something important as long as I am comfortable with what I doing of action. | 346 | 57.67 | 8.51 | 10 |
I don't see a way of life that attracts me more than to any other because of the events and problems that I read and discussed through social media. | 410 | 68.33 | 10.09 | 6 |
I learned from my friends on the social media that a person lives his day and does not tire himself thinking about the future. | 373 | 62.17 | 9.18 | 9 |
I don't have close friends on social media, I just want to be among the participants on the social media pages in order for me to feel the importance me of being in life. | 449 | 74.83 | 11.05 | 1 |
I learned from the social media that social values are imposed on us and we are the only ones who carry them through life as a result of our society's culture. | 392 | 65.33 | 9.64 | 8 |
I feel my time is bleak and lonely if I stay away from my virtual relationships with my friends on social media. | 414 | 69 | 10.18 | 5 |
I prefer to always spend my time on social media only because I am not integrated into ideas and convictions with my family members. | 437 | 72.83 | 10.75 | 2 |
The news I discuss with my social media friends has made me believe that life is difficult and tiring for many of us. | 421 | 70.17 | 10.36 | 3 |
My role in my life and my community is determined by the experiences, including traumatic experiences, my friends bring to me via social media. | 406 | 67.67 | 9.98 | 7 |
67.75% | ||||
Middle |
The negative effects of social media on the level of " dispersion " in the social identity of adolescents.
We note from the results that the negative effects of the social media on the level of "dispersion” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (4065), weighted relative weight of (67.75%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. It is clear from the analysis that the phrase (I don't have close friends on social media, I just want to be among the participants on the social media pages in order for me to feel the importance me of being in life) showed the highest percentage of all the negative effects of social media on the level of " dispersion " in the social identity of adolescents, with total weights (449), Weighted relative weight (74.83), percentage of 11.05% and Ranking (1).
The question was: Does the degree of awareness adolescents of the negative effects of social media on levels of their social identity vary according to gender, adjective, age, number years of using, and favorite app?
In order to answer the fifth research question of the study, the investigator measured the mean scores and standard deviations. In order to find out the importance of the variations between averages, the investigator then conducted an independent T-test and a one-way ANOVA test. In the following section, the findings are detailed.
An independent sample test (T) was used by the researcher to determine the importance of the discrepancies between averages of adolescents' awareness of the negative impact of social media on their social identity levels. The results were measured by gender (see Table 8 ).
Mean and SD by gender of the adolescent's responses.
Gender | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | T. Value | Sig. (tailed) | Sig. level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 102 | 2.98 | 0.809 | -3.017 | 0.000 | Significant |
Male | 98 | 3.87 | 0.645 |
The results in Table 8 show that the computed value of (T) was (-3,017), which is greater than that of the table of (T). This implies that at the significance level of (0.000), which is less than the required statistical significance level (0.05), there are substantial differences between the mean value of male and female, where females are preferred over males.
An independent sample test (T) was used by the researcher to determine the importance of the discrepancies between averages of adolescents' awareness of the negative impact of social media on their social identity levels. The results were measured by adjective (see Table 9 ).
Mean and SD by an adjective of the adolescent's responses.
Adjective | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | T. Value | Sig. (tailed) | Sig. level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
User of networks | 190 | 3.22 | 0.976 | -4.019 | 0.000 | Significant |
Non-user of networks | 10 | 5.01 | 0.412 |
The results in Table 9 show that the computed value of (T) was (-4.019), which is greater than that of the table of (T). This implies that at the significance level of (0.000), which is less than the required statistical significance level (0.05), there are substantial differences between the mean value of Users of networks and Non-users of networks, where the User of networks are favored over the Non-user of networks.
Table 10 . Shows the ANOVA one-way test results to evaluate the responses of the adolescent according to age.
One-way ANOVA of the responses of adolescents by age.
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. (tailed) | Sig. level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Between Groups | 4.000 | 3 | 1.900 | 2.721 | 0.178∗ | Not Significant |
Within Groups | 107.192 | 129 | .652 | ||||
Total | 111.192 | 132 |
∗Statistically significant at (α 0.05).
In Table 10 . There are no statistically significant variations in the viewpoints of teenagers according to the age variable at 0.178, which is greater than the required statistical significance level of 0.05.
Table 11 . Shows the ANOVA one-way test results to evaluate the responses of the adolescents according to number years use of social media.
One-way ANOVA of the responses of adolescents by number years use of social media.
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. (tailed) | Sig. level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number years use of social media | Between Groups | 4.000 | 3 | 1.430 | 1.503 | 0.142∗ | Not Significant |
Within Groups | 107.192 | 129 | .564 | ||||
Total | 111.192 | 132 |
In Table 11 . There are no statistically significant variations in the viewpoints of teenagers according to the number years use of social media variable at 0.142, which is greater than the required statistical significance level of 0.05.
Table 12 . Shows the ANOVA one-way test results to evaluate the responses of the adolescents according to favorite app.
One-way ANOVA of the responses of adolescents by favorite app.
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. (tailed) | Sig. level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Favorite App | Between Groups | 4.000 | 3 | 1.099 | 1.103 | 0.123∗ | Not Significant |
Within Groups | 107.192 | 129 | .477 | ||||
Total | 111.192 | 132 |
In Table 12 . There are no statistically significant variations in the viewpoints of teenagers according to the favorite app variable at 0.123, which is greater than the required statistical significance level of 0.05.
This study aimed to identify the negative effects of social media on "levels" the social identity of adolescents in the secondary stage from the perspective of social work, the results showed that the negative effects of the social media on the level of "achievement” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (4020), weighted relative weight of (67%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. The obtained results, are shown in Table 4 , and concern the extent negative effects of social media on the level of "achievement" of the social identity of adolescents. We have noticed that most adolescent responses are indicating a lack of interest in the effective role in normal life, and rather transforming themselves into being united with an electronic world where the quality of values and principles are different from that of previous generations. Here we see that some teenagers are trying to have an entity and a role but many of them cannot because of the dangerous and influential role of the internet which depends on dazzling and attracting the longest number of hours in front of social media. Although, James Marcia believes this level is the most mature level of identity because it integrates and develops the growth of the personality of the teenager through the development and identification of tasks and pledges clearly and specifically. However, the adolescent cannot reach a strong level due to the fact that many of them are driven towards the negative impact of these sites. This corresponds with a study ( Bu-Abdullah, 2016 ) which indicated to emphasized that the use of the Internet leads to a lack of interest in the effective role in their life and Delayed level of academic achievement in adolescent pupils as well, the obtained results, are shown in Table 5 , and concern the negative effects of the social media on the level of "postponement” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (4076), weighted relative weight of (67.93%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. We note from the results and It is clear from the analysis that the negative effects of social media on the level of "Postponement" of the social identity of adolescents indicating the inability of an adolescent to come up with a clear idea of the things he wants. Besides, his goals in life are almost clear but he cannot make decisions about them, he is a person whose character is fluctuating and contradictory for fear of taking responsibility or committing to specific promises to himself or the community around him. This agrees with James Marcia's opinion that the teenager in this rank is in a period of exploration and has unclear and vague commitments. and has not set his position on many of his life issues This corresponds with a study ( Bu-Abdullah, 2016 ) which indicated to emphasized, the availability of the Internet inside the home increases the duration of use of the adolescent to a social network, and this too leads postponing adolescents for many of the goals in addition to the Fluctuation in opinion and inability to make clear decisions.
Results also showed in Table 6 , that the negative effects of the social media on the level of "closure” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (3897), weighted relative weight of (64.95 %). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. Moreover, the obtained results, as shown in Table 5 , and concern the extent the negative effects of social media on the level of "closure" of the social identity of adolescents indicating that the adolescent is ineffective and awaits solutions and results from others, whether power, friends or society. This result reflects the extent of the turbulence experienced by adolescents with their lack of self-confidence due to lack of ability to choose and lack of self-confidence, whether at the future social level or at the religious level and that he cannot make a decision or take responsibility. James Marcia expresses this rank that the teenager does not have clear and specific commitments, but takes them ready from his parents or those around him. This contradicts the study ( Hattat, 2014 ) which indicated that social networks reduce the degree of social isolation, but, the exact scores and percentages reached by the current study prove that social networking sites have a significant negative impact that leads to more of closure with their lack of self-confidence due to lack of ability to choose and lack of self-confidence as well, the obtained results, are shown in Table 7 , and concern the negative effects of the social media on the level of "dispersion” in the social identity of adolescents obtained a total weight of (4065), weighted relative weight of (67.75%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average. We note from the results and It is clear from the analysis that the negative effects of social media on the level of "dispersion" of the social identity of adolescents, indicating the adolescent is less accepting of himself and his community. He sees himself as "inferior", making his thoughts and behaviors immature. In addition, he is also closer to the character of aggressiveness and may evolve to be psychopathic. This is consistent with James Marcia's assertion in his theory that the rank of "dispersion" of the lowest ranks of identity and it characterized that teenager does not have clear commitments and does not try to discover other options or alternatives and fails to adhere to a fixed ideology. This contradicts the study ( Hattat, 2014 ) which indicated that social networks reduce lack of concentration but the accurate scores and percentages reached by the present study prove that social media have a significant negative impact that leads to more distractions, anxiety, lack of concentration and dispersion.
On the other hand, the obtained results, as shown in Tables 8 and 9, 9,10, 10 , ,11, 11 , and and12 12 pertained to whether the degree of awareness adolescents of the negative effects of social media on levels of their social identity vary according to gender, adjective, age, number years of using, and favorite app. The results indicated that the degree of adolescent's awareness varies according to gender and adjective, with females being more aware of the negative effects of social media than males. maybe due to the fact that females' adolescents are more fearful and cautious about themselves as a result of socialization since childhood started and keener because the amount of accountability of parents to their daughter in the Arab world for the mistakes she makes is more severe and violent than the boy, which is why the girl is more cautious in her relationships with others through social media. It is also worth noting no statistically significant differences in adolescent's awareness were found based on the variables of age, number years of using, and favorite app.
From the results above, we can conclude that the value of all negative effects of social media on "levels" the social identity of adolescents from the perspective of social work came to a total weight of (16058), weighted relative weight of (66.9%). This indication is a medium, indicating that the level of impact is average for all negative effects of social media on the levels of social identity in adolescents. It ranked first "Postponement level" at 25.4%, It is followed by the ranked second “Dispersion level" at 25.31%, Then came third place "Achievement level" at 25.03%, Finally in fourth place "Closure level" at 24.26% (see Table 13 , Figure 6 ).
Ranking levels of the social identity of adolescents after all negative effects of social media on it.
Levels of social identity of adolescents | Total weights | Percentage % | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|
Achievement | 4020 | 25.03% | |
Postponement | 4076 | 25.4% | |
Closure | 3897 | 24.26% | |
Dispersion | 4065 | 25.31% | |
66.9% | |||
Middle |
It is necessary taking serious measures from the family, school, and institutions that care for the family and children to pay attention to how to face negative effects of social media on social identity to children and adolescents. Besides working to encourage children and adolescents do not get lost their time and take the largest part of their free time in practicing sports and cultural activities. That corresponds with the study ( Hamdi, 2018 ) which was emphasized in it that the most important motives for the use of social networking sites are entertainment for loss of time.
In addition to another important conclusion is train parents to help their children to make the best use of these sites so as not to be exposed to problems resulting from open communication without restrictions. and this corresponds to a study ( Bu-Abdullah, 2016 ) which was emphasized that parents should know the programs which watching it their teenager child is on the Internet to guide them to useful things on social networks. Hence, the researcher presents her following recommendations.
Urge parents to follow their children continuously and guide them in the use of social networking sites.
Educating children about the need to observe the privacy of their information and data, so that it is not accessible to everyone, including strangers.
Educating the awareness of children not to accept video conversations or written conversations or requests for friendship from strangers.
Educating children's awareness of the need to not display their own pictures in public so as not to be copied by strangers and exploited inappropriately.
Urge children to inform their parents of any threat or blackmail they may face from anyone on the internet.
Urge parents to fill the leisure time of their children by encouraging them to practice a hobby or sport they love.
Urge parents not to excessively pamper their children or give them extra money so as not to spoil them.
Increase educational institution awareness seminars for students, giving information on the pros and cons of social networking sites.
Urge parents to establish a bridge of communication between them and their children and follow the method of persuasion, and not intimidation, when adapting their child's behavior on the internet.
Author contribution statement.
W. Elsayed: Conceived and designed the experiments; Performed the experiments; Analyzed and interpreted the data; Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper.
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Declaration of interests statement.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
No additional information is available for this paper.
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