essay on democracy in 200 words in english

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Essay on Democracy

Introduction.

Democracy is mainly a Greek word which means people and their rules, here peoples have the to select their own government as per their choice. Greece was the first democratic country in the world. India is a democratic country where people select their government of their own choice, also people have the rights to do the work of their choice. There are two types of democracy: direct and representative and hybrid or semi-direct democracy. There are many decisions which are made under democracies. People enjoy few rights which are very essential for human beings to live happily. 

Our country has the largest democracy. In a democracy, each person has equal rights to fight for development. After the independence, India has adopted democracy, where the people vote those who are above 18 years of age, but these votes do not vary by any caste; people from every caste have equal rights to select their government. Democracy, also called as a rule of the majority, means whatever the majority of people decide, it has to be followed or implemented, the representative winning with the most number of votes will have the power. We can say the place where literacy people are more there shows the success of the democracy even lack of consciousness is also dangerous in a democracy. Democracy is associated with higher human accumulation and higher economic freedom. Democracy is closely tied with the economic source of growth like education and quality of life as well as health care. The constituent assembly in India was adopted by Dr B.R. Ambedkar on 26 th November 1949 and became sovereign democratic after its constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950.

What are the Challenges:

There are many challenges for democracy like- corruption here, many political leaders and officers who don’t do work with integrity everywhere they demand bribes, resulting in the lack of trust on the citizens which affects the country very badly. Anti-social elements- which are seen during elections where people are given bribes and they are forced to vote for a particular candidate. Caste and community- where a large number of people give importance to their caste and community, therefore, the political party also selects the candidate on the majority caste. We see wherever the particular caste people win the elections whether they do good for the society or not, and in some cases, good leaders lose because of less count of the vote.

India is considered to be the largest democracy around the globe, with a population of 1.3 billion. Even though being the biggest democratic nation, India still has a long way to becoming the best democratic system. The caste system still prevails in some parts, which hurts the socialist principle of democracy. Communalism is on the rise throughout the globe and also in India, which interferes with the secular principle of democracy. All these differences need to be set aside to ensure a thriving democracy.

Principles of Democracy:

There are mainly five principles like- republic, socialist, sovereign, democratic and secular, with all these quality political parties will contest for elections. There will be many bribes given to the needy person who require food, money, shelter and ask them to vote whom they want. But we can say that democracy in India is still better than the other countries.

Basically, any country needs democracy for development and better functioning of the government. In some countries, freedom of political expression, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, are considered to ensure that voters are well informed, enabling them to vote according to their own interests.

Let us Discuss These Five Principles in Further Detail

Sovereign: In short, being sovereign or sovereignty means the independent authority of a state. The country has the authority to make all the decisions whether it be on internal issues or external issues, without the interference of any third party.

Socialist: Being socialist means the country (and the Govt.), always works for the welfare of the people, who live in that country. There should be many bribes offered to the needy person, basic requirements of them should be fulfilled by any means. No one should starve in such a country.

Secular: There will be no such thing as a state religion, the country does not make any bias on the basis of religion. Every religion must be the same in front of the law, no discrimination on the basis of someone’s religion is tolerated. Everyone is allowed to practice and propagate any religion, they can change their religion at any time.

Republic: In a republic form of Government, the head of the state is elected, directly or indirectly by the people and is not a hereditary monarch. This elected head is also there for a fixed tenure. In India, the head of the state is the president, who is indirectly elected and has a fixed term of office (5 years).

Democratic: By a democratic form of government, means the country’s government is elected by the people via the process of voting. All the adult citizens in the country have the right to vote to elect the government they want, only if they meet a certain age limit of voting.

Merits of Democracy:

better government forms because it is more accountable and in the interest of the people.

improves the quality of decision making and enhances the dignity of the citizens.

provide a method to deal with differences and conflicts.

A democratic system of government is a form of government in which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodic free elections. It permits citizens to participate in making laws and public policies by choosing their leaders, therefore citizens should be educated so that they can select the right candidate for the ruling government. Also, there are some concerns regarding democracy- leaders always keep changing in democracy with the interest of citizens and on the count of votes which leads to instability. It is all about political competition and power, no scope for morality.

Factors Affect Democracy:

capital and civil society

economic development

modernization

Norway and Iceland are the best democratic countries in the world. India is standing at fifty-one position.

India is a parliamentary democratic republic where the President is head of the state and Prime minister is head of the government. The guiding principles of democracy such as protected rights and freedoms, free and fair elections, accountability and transparency of government officials, citizens have a responsibility to uphold and support their principles. Democracy was first practised in the 6 th century BCE, in the city-state of Athens. One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all the political power, in a democracy people rule themselves and also respect given to diverse groups of citizens, so democracy is required to select the government of their own interest and make the nation developed by electing good leaders.

FAQs on Democracy Essay for Students in English

1. What are the Features of Democracy?

Features of Democracy are as follows

Equality: Democracy provides equal rights to everyone, regardless of their gender, caste, colour, religion or creed.

Individual Freedom: Everybody has the right to do anything they want until it does not affect another person’s liberty.

Majority Rules: In a democracy, things are decided by the majority rule, if the majority agrees to something, it will be done.

Free Election: Everyone has the right to vote or to become a candidate to fight the elections.

2. Define Democracy?

Democracy means where people have the right to choose the rulers and also people have freedom to express views, freedom to organise and freedom to protest. Protesting and showing Dissent is a major part of a healthy democracy. Democracy is the most successful and popular form of government throughout the globe.

Democracy holds a special place in India, also India is still the largest democracy in existence around the world.

3. What are the Benefits of Democracy?

Let us discuss some of the benefits received by the use of democracy to form a government. Benefits of democracy are: 

It is more accountable

Improves the quality of decision as the decision is taken after a long time of discussion and consultation.

It provides a better method to deal with differences and conflicts.

It safeguards the fundamental rights of people and brings a sense of equality and freedom.

It works for the welfare of both the people and the state.

4. Which country is the largest democracy in the World?

India is considered the largest democracy, all around the world. India decided to have a democratic Govt. from the very first day of its independence after the rule of the British. In India, everyone above the age of 18 years can go to vote to select the Government, without any kind of discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, religion, gender or more. But India, even being the largest democracy, still has a long way to become perfect.

5. Write about the five principles of Democracy?

There are five key principles that are followed in a democracy. These Five Principles of Democracy of India are -  secular, sovereign, republic, socialist, and democratic. These five principles have to be respected by every political party, participating in the general elections in India. The party which got the most votes forms the government which represents the democratic principle. No discrimination is done on the basis of religion which represents the secular nature of democracy. The govt. formed after the election has to work for the welfare of common people which shows socialism in play.

Paragraph on Democracy in English (100, 150, 200, 250 Words)

Democracy, a governance system prevalent worldwide, empowers citizens to participate in decision-making through voting and freedom of expression. It champions equality, accountability, and the peaceful transfer of power, fostering societies built on principles of fairness and justice.

(Here, we’ve presented paragraphs in 100, 150, 200 & 250 word samples. All the paragraphs will be helpful for students of all classes i.e. Nursery, LKG, UKG & class 1 to class 12).

Table of Contents

Paragraph on Democracy in 100 Words

Democracy is a system where people have the power. It lets citizens vote for leaders and laws. Everyone has equal rights and freedoms. People can express their opinions freely. Leaders are chosen by the majority. Democracy promotes fairness and justice. It allows peaceful transitions of power.

People can hold leaders accountable. Democracy encourages participation in decision-making. It respects diversity and minority rights. Citizens have the right to protest peacefully. Overall, democracy aims for a government by the people, for the people. It’s a cornerstone of many societies worldwide.

Democracy is like a communal garden where every plant gets a say. It’s not about a single gardener deciding everything but about all gardeners working together to tend to it. In this garden, each plant, no matter its size or shape, has a voice in how it’s cared for. Everyone shares in the responsibility and joy of seeing the garden flourish.

Sometimes there are disagreements, but they’re resolved through discussion and compromise. Democracy isn’t just about voting; it’s about nurturing a thriving ecosystem where diversity thrives, and every voice, like every plant, is valued and heard.

In the tapestry of society, democracy is the loom weaving threads of different colors and textures into a unified fabric. It’s not merely a political system but a reflection of collective aspirations. Imagine a bustling marketplace where vendors offer diverse goods, each contributing to the vibrant mosaic of community life. Democracy is akin to this marketplace, where ideas, opinions, and values are traded openly.

Every individual, like a merchant, brings something unique to the table. Through dialogue and negotiation, societal harmony emerges, enriched by the tapestry of perspectives. In democracy, the true beauty lies in the recognition of each thread’s significance in shaping the collective narrative.

Democracy Paragraph in 150 Words

Democracy is a fundamental system of governance where the people hold the power to choose their leaders and shape the laws that govern them. It ensures that all individuals, regardless of their background or social status, have equal rights and freedoms. In a democratic society, citizens have the opportunity to express their opinions freely, whether through voting in elections or engaging in public discourse. This open exchange of ideas fosters a culture of inclusivity and allows for the peaceful resolution of conflicts through dialogue and negotiation.

Moreover, democracy promotes transparency and accountability in government. Elected leaders are accountable to the people they serve, and they must uphold the trust and confidence placed in them by their constituents. Through mechanisms such as regular elections, checks and balances, and independent oversight institutions, democracy helps prevent the abuse of power and corruption, thereby safeguarding the interests of the populace.

Furthermore, democracy values diversity and respects the rights of minorities. It ensures that all voices are heard and considered in the decision-making process, leading to more inclusive and equitable outcomes. Additionally, democracy encourages civic participation and empowers individuals to actively engage in shaping their communities and influencing policy. By fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among its citizens, democracy strengthens the social fabric and promotes the collective welfare of society as a whole.

Paragraph Writing on Democracy in 200 Words

Democracy is a form of government where citizens hold power. It’s built upon the principles of equality, freedom, and participation. In a democratic system, people elect their representatives through voting processes. These representatives make decisions and create laws on behalf of the population. Democracy ensures that every individual has a voice and can contribute to the decision-making process. It fosters an environment where diverse opinions are respected and considered.

Moreover, democracy promotes accountability and transparency in governance. Elected leaders are accountable to the people who voted for them, and they must act in the best interests of the citizens. Additionally, democracy allows for the peaceful transfer of power, ensuring stability and continuity in government. This enables societies to adapt and evolve while maintaining order and progress.

Furthermore, democracy serves as a safeguard against tyranny and oppression. It provides mechanisms for the protection of fundamental rights and liberties. Through democratic institutions such as independent judiciary systems and free media, individuals can challenge injustices and hold authorities accountable. Ultimately, democracy empowers citizens to shape their destinies and collectively strive for a more just and equitable society.

Writing Paragraph on Democracy in 250 Words

Democracy stands as a cornerstone of modern governance, offering citizens the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes that shape their lives. In democratic systems, individuals possess the right to vote for representatives who align with their values and ideals. This empowerment fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility among the populace, as they collectively determine the direction of their society. Moreover, democracy promotes the protection of fundamental human rights, ensuring that all individuals are treated equitably under the law regardless of their background or beliefs.

Furthermore, democracy thrives on transparency and accountability, holding elected officials answerable to the people they serve. Through mechanisms such as free and fair elections, independent media, and checks and balances within governmental institutions, democracy strives to prevent the concentration of power and mitigate the risk of corruption. This enables citizens to actively engage in the political process, voicing their concerns and holding leaders to task when necessary, thus fostering a dynamic and responsive governance structure.

Additionally, democracy celebrates diversity and pluralism, recognizing the value of different perspectives and experiences within society. It provides avenues for peaceful dialogue and compromise, allowing for the resolution of conflicts through negotiation and consensus-building rather than coercion or violence. By embracing inclusivity and respect for minority rights, democracy promotes social cohesion and unity, fostering a sense of belonging and collective identity among diverse communities. In essence, democracy serves as a framework for fostering collaboration and progress, empowering individuals to shape their collective destiny while upholding the principles of freedom, equality, and justice for all.

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Democracy in Modern World Essay

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The modern era in the world distribution of power and regime of authority is claimed to be the one of democracy. After centuries of slavery and inequality, of silent voices of the poor who had nothing else to do but to watch the rich distribute the riches of the world, as well as after the coming of Nazism that shook the global perception of the inherent right of a human being to life and decent living conditions the community came to understanding of the fact that urgent, drastic action has to be taken to make things change and to establish a new form of government that would enhance and promote equality, that would make everyone equal before the law. The reign of totalitarism over the significant part of the world called USSR also made people realize that the voice of masses should be taken into consideration when making significant decisions on the state level, which brought about high interest to democracy as a form of political power in a country.

Another favorable factor that increased the popularity of democracy was its successful implementation in the most advanced countries of Europe and in the USA. All these events in the world history strengthened the thought that democracy is the only right and progressive form of authority in a state that will finally bring the overall population of the state to coherence in the expression of their will as well as in the extent to which they can influence the state of affairs in their native state.

However, there is hardly anyone in the world who is ignorant about the origin of the word ‘democracy’ – it was used as long ago as in Ancient Greece and became the name for a form of ruling in Athens, the state that since then became the icon of implementing democracy in its daily governmental practices and did it, according to the accounts of peer historians, quite successfully. The modern society thus has to understand what the term originally meant, what were the democratic practices in Athens, what in general the Athenian democratic model looked like and what lessons contemporary states should learn to make their democracies true ones. To answer these questions more or less accurately it is appropriate to turn to the work of John Duhn titled Democracy in which the author investigated the rise and fall of this form of authority, took a deep look into what it actually was and observed the changes this notion suffered in the course of centuries. Nobody will argue that nowadays the true meaning of democracy has changed enormously, hence pushing the humanity to the necessity to look back and find what was lost in the course of history and what can aid the establishment of genuine democracies in the modern world.

Dunn at first accounts on what was called democracy in Athens, emphasizing the fact that the form of power originated as soon as the need to institutionalize power rose and the need for respect of the human dignity was recognized:

“This regime, which is called democracy (demokratia), because it is administered with a view to the interest of the many, not of the few, has not merely made Athens great. It has also rendered its citizens equal before the law in their private disputes, and equally free to compete for public honors by personal merit and exertion, or to seek to lead the city, irrespective of their own wealth or social background” (Dunn 26).

The difference from the usual distribution of power was astounding – never before poor people representing the majority of the nation (as usual) obtained the right to speak freely and to make their contribution in the evolution of their state. The main distinguishing peculiarities of democracy were, according to the opinion of Dunn, mutual politeness, deep respect to the law, determined openness of the state towards any other nation, sobriety in judgment, respect for wisdom etc (Dunn 26). Such qualities of any state would be highly desirable for any contemporary nation, and as soon as they were implemented and really worked in practice, the state would really be called a democracy.

Another peculiarity of a democracy established in Athens was that the power was factually concentrated in the hands of the poor, because the law protected them more as compared to the rich class and those who had a distinction in the state due to their wealth or origin:

“the democracy of Athens was a robust but flagrantly unedifying system of power, which subjected the nobler elements of its society to the meaner, transferred wealth purposefully from one to the other, and distributed the means of coercion clear-headedly and determinedly to cement this outcome and keep the nobler elements under control” (Dunn 28).

Though it is hard to imagine the form of power like that implemented in the modern times, still ideally a democracy had to look like that, and there is a clear and wise explanation for such a choice of preferences that is sadly neglected nowadays by the democratic power in the majority of countries. The upper class was always distinguished by certain power (due to origin or wealth they had an opportunity to influence the public opinion), so they represented a threat for the actual government of the democracy. For this reason all effort was directed at diminishing the upper class’s measures of influence and power, thus ensuring stability of power in a state.

Secondly, the nation was not only given the power – this power was effectively ensured by the law:

“The poorer majority of Athens’s citizens are very well advised to insist on their opportunity to share the public offices on which the safety or danger of the people depended, the roles of general or cavalry commander, not randomly across the citizen body but by popular election of those best equipped to hold them (inevitably, the wealthier and more powerful)” (Dunn 28)

So, what changed in the course of time shaping the modern understanding of the term ‘democracy’? What did the world community lose on their way to the long-wanted democracy and what should they take as lessons from the ancient times to make it truly effective? Much has to be done, according to the opinion of Dunn who undoubtedly admits how much has changed in the set of characteristics that used to be attributed to democracy and that are associated with it nowadays:

“Today the term democracy has become… too highly cathected: saturated with emotion, irradiated by passion, tugged to and fro and ever more overwhelmed by accumulated confusion. To rescue it as an aid in understanding politics, we need to think our way past a mass of history and block our ears to many pressing opportunities” (Dunn 39).

Democratic states that exist nowadays have proclaimed the power of the nation due to the severe and cruel fight for the rights of man initiated in different parts of the world in different periods of time (it is enough to recollect the French Revolution or the October Revolution in the Russian Empire) – these multiple facts show how badly people needed and wanted it. On getting it, they appointed those figures who they considered able to control the affairs in their country and who were subordinate to the will of the nation to expression of which it was lawfully entitled under the conditions of a democracy. But can anyone nowadays state absolutely confidently that the principles of equality are realized in his or her country to the fullest extent? There hardly be anyone like that.

Reasons for disillusionment can be found in the power of the few that is seen nowadays and that cannot be neglected – in contrast to the ancient times, people in modern democratic states can hardly be sure that they all will be equal before the law and that their opinion matters as much as the opinion of the ruling class. Masses still express their opinion at public referenda and during elections, during polls that are arranged to keep track of the public opinion and to try to shape the country’s policy according to it. But in fact the power has long ago gone to the hands of those few who have the power and the wealth to dictate their own conditions for the world order. This change happened as soon as our society entered the era of consumerism, the epoch of business that can be run in any sphere of human lives.

It is enough to recollect the whole arsenal of mass persuasion means like mass media – every day they shape the public opinion to make people think that they really want this or that while in fact they are only told to want that. Learning from the experience of Athens one should ask him/herself a question of whether he or she truly wants something or the life they lead is only a series of responses to marketing campaigns tested on them. The true wishes of the nation are lost in never-ending political races for power, promises and appeals designed to raise the wish to vote but not the wish to want something genuinely.

One more lesson that can be taken from the Athenian model of democracy is to encourage deep respect of law and wisdom in a state. Despite the simplicity of this lesson, it is hard to find a state where law is respected as the objective, strong intermediary between the nation and the state, as well as between the members of one nation. Nowadays law has become so sophisticated and unintelligible that people do not believe in its power to protect them anymore and do their best to cheat on it. Nonetheless, if the law were simpler to comprehend for an average citizen of the country, and there were multiple examples of its enactment disregarding the class and the power of a person, law would be respected much more, and it would be observed much more obediently by all people without exception. As for wisdom, the lesson pertains to the authoritative representatives of power in the modern period of time. They are too obsessed by the rhetoric they apply to influence the minds of people that they can hardly focus on the wisdom of their expression. Wisdom has been substituted by persuasion in lack of understanding of the fact that true wisdom does not require any persuasion; it will reach its goal for sure.

Nonetheless, no matter how great the ancient idea of democracy may sound, there is a fresher, more objective and, logically, more critical viewpoint of its essence:

“The brilliant “democracy” of Athens was stained by slavery (and also by the exclusion of women); while in extending their dominion, the Romans never made it possible for those who could not easily get to the city of Rome to participate effectively in governing the republic” (Dahl 5).

As one can see, slavery really existed next to democracy, and the state was called in such a way because slaves were not considered people equal to the public of Athens. As in the case of the slave past of the USA, even the poorest and the most miserable citizen of the country was still considered much higher in position than a slave. Another remark as for the democracy in its pure form is that it cannot last for long – according to observations of Dunn (45), any constraint applied to the nation will be regarded as enslavement, and the chaos that can follow such rejection can be taken under control only with the help of tyranny. This is why pure democracies do not exist; however, there is always an ideal form to which each state may long.

As it may be seen from the present account of democracy nowadays and several millenniums ago, there can hardly be a single definition of a genuine democratic state that will correspond to all requirements of the notion. Even under the conditions of Athens being considered the ideal state with the democratic form of governing, there are many remarks that throw a shadow on the democracy it really represented. Still, there is much to be done to ensure democracy in modern states, which can be done with the help of looking back and learning from the lessons, mistakes and victories of the past.

Dahl, Robert. After the Revolution? Authority in a Good Society . Yale University Press, 1970.

Dunn, John. Democracy: A History . Open City Books, 2005.

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Home — Essay Samples — Government & Politics — Forms of Government — Democracy

Essays on Democracy

Democracy essay topics and outline examples, essay title 1: the evolution of democracy: historical origins, principles, and contemporary challenges.

Thesis Statement: This essay explores the historical roots of democracy, its foundational principles, and the contemporary challenges it faces in the context of modern societies.

• Introduction
• Origins of Democracy: Ancient Greece and Beyond
• Democratic Principles: Rule of Law, Freedom, and Participation
• Democracy in Practice: Case Studies of Democratic Nations
• Challenges to Democracy: Populism, Authoritarianism, and Erosion of Institutions
• Electoral Systems: Voting Methods and Representation
• Media and Democracy: The Role of Information and Misinformation
• Conclusion: Safeguarding Democracy in the 21st Century

Essay Title 2: The Democratic Experiment: Comparative Analysis of Democratic Systems Worldwide

Thesis Statement: This essay conducts a comparative analysis of democratic systems in different countries, highlighting variations in practices, governance structures, and outcomes.

• Democratic Models: Presidential vs. Parliamentary Systems
• Democratic Variations: Federalism and Unitarism
• Elections and Representation: Proportional vs. First-Past-the-Post Systems
• Citizen Participation: Direct Democracy and Referendums
• Case Studies: Analyzing Democracies in Europe, Asia, and the Americas
• Democratic Challenges: Corruption, Voter Suppression, and Civic Engagement
• Conclusion: Lessons Learned from Global Democratic Experiences

Essay Title 3: The Digital Age and Democracy: Technology, Social Media, and the Shaping of Political Discourse

Thesis Statement: This essay examines the influence of technology and social media on democratic processes, including their impact on political communication, public opinion, and election outcomes.

• The Digital Revolution: Internet Access and Political Engagement
• Social Media Platforms: Their Role in Disseminating Information and Disinformation
• Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: The Polarization of Political Discourse
• Online Activism: Grassroots Movements and Their Impact
• Regulation and Ethics: Balancing Free Speech and Accountability Online
• Case Studies: Examining Elections and Political Campaigns in the Digital Age
• Conclusion: Navigating the Intersection of Technology and Democracy

Defending Privacy: a Pillar of Autonomy and Democracy

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Essay on Democracy in India | Democracy in India Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Democracy in India:  Of the people, by the people and for the people coined by the great president of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln represents the core values and principles of democracy. Democracy might not be the best form of governance in the world, but one thing is for sure, there is no alternative for democracy. Sure democracy has its own loopholes and problems, but at the core of this system, it values the qualities of equality and fraternity in society. The alternatives for democracy is authoritarianism, dictatorship or fascism, which at its core, does not guarantee the fundamental freedom and humanitarian values to people.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Democracy in India in English for Students and Kids

In this article, we have provided a long as well as short essay on democracy in India which will be of use for school students in their essay writing, tests, assignments, and project work.

Long Essay on Democracy in India 600 Words in English

The long essay on democracy is suitable for students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, and competitive exam aspirants.

Democracy is the only known form of governance in the world that promises, in spirit as well, in reality, equality for citizens irrespective of cast creed gender, race or sex. The voice and the opinions of the people matter the most in a democracy. The ideal form of democracy is where the true power lies with the people and not with the leaders. A written constitution is the backbone of democracy through which every aspect of the country is governed. The constitution is the ultimate kingpin in a democratic country.

Debate, delegate and dissent are the three most important attribute of a democratic system. The democratic system is usually of two types, the presidential system (like the one in the USA) and the prime ministerial system (like the one in UK and India). But the core values in both the systems remains the same which are justice, equality, diversity, sovereignty, patriotism and the rule of law. Refer to another essay on democracy in India where each of the terms is explained in detail.

The three pillars of democracy are the legislature, executive and judiciary, where each of them works independently from each other, at least in spirit, if not in reality. Journalism or media is popularly known as the fourth pillar of democracy. If all the core values and systems of democracy are followed in its true form, a democratic system will truly be the best form of the systems of governance in the world. But the reality is far from the truth.

The equality and justice we talk about in the democratic system of governance hardly prevail across all the spectrums. There is discrimination based on caste, religion or race in every country, especially in India. The financially challenged section of people are discriminated in every sphere of life, in the worst case, they are not even awarded the basic dignity of life. But why does this happen? why is it that achieving equality is such a herculean task for countries? Well, the answer lies with the basic tendencies, characteristics and idiosyncrasies of human beings. Elitism is one of the reasons why inequality prevails.

The urge for the human being to succeed directly results in him or her to perceive the “unsuccessful” or the underprivileged in condescending limelight. Secondly, the capitalist economy that we follow allows each person to indulge themselves in a mad rat race to make money and achieve materialistic success. And the one on the bottom of the graph is seen as less by the ones on the top of the same graph. The caste system that prevails in India is also another contributing factor for inequality in the country.

So what are the remedies for these? In the subsequent part of this essay on democracy in India, we are going to give a substantial solution for certain prevailing problems.

How to achieve a perfect democracy?

Firstly it depends on the definition of a” perfect democracy” because different counties have different agendas and priorities and different definitions for democracy and developments. Here is an option that countries should explore to maintain the core values of a democratic system as previously mentioned in this essay on democracy in India.

Free and Fair Elections

One of the most celebrated and important parts of a democratic system of any country is its elections. This is the only time where the true and unfettered power lies with the people. An election symbolises that the people’s voices and opinions matter above anything else. And it is the fundamental duty of every citizen to cast his or her vote without fail.

In case they don’t vote at all, then morally they don’t have any right to question the governments and their policies. But not everything is hunky-dory as it should be. The rigging of elections, threatening of candidates, fake votes, missing ballots are some of the factors that are harming the objectives of elections. Governments should come up with stricter policies in place so that free and fair elections take place. Election, which is the first step of democracy, if in itself is corrupt, then the vision of achieving a truly democratic system will be flawed.

Short Essay on Democracy in India 200 Words in English

We have provided below a 200-word short essay on democracy in India for school and college test, homework, project work, case study and assignment for students. The short essay on democracy is suitable for students of classes 1,2,3,4,5,and 6.

To quote Winston Churchill, the late Prime Minister of UK during the 1940s “Democracy is the worst form of governance, except for all others”. This statement reflects the thought that there is no alternative to democracy. It can be considered as a necessary evil for the human race. Democracy is a form of governance that allows even the poorest of the poor and the underprivileged of a country to become the leader of the same country. It is the perfect and fitting answer for hierarchical, nepotism and authoritarian form of governance where the leaders are appointed on the basis of a bloodline. In a democracy, leaders are not appointed but elected through majoritarianism and the love and support of the people. Some of the most successful democracies are also the most developed ones, such as India, USA, Germany, UK, NewZealand or Australia in contrast with authoritarian counties that are relatively struggling to develop and progress, such as North Korea, Libya, Egypt, etc.

The legislature, executive, judiciary and the media are the four fundamental pillars of democracy on which the country stands. Impairment in any one of the pillars will directly or indirectly affect the other three. These pillars are the self-appointed gladiators and guardians of the core values of democracy which are life, liberty, equality, fraternity, rule of law, diversity, sovereignty and patriotism.

10 Lines on Democracy in India Essay

• The common man is the real kingmaker in a democracy
• Executive, legislature and judiciary are the three pillars of democracy while media is considered as the fourth pillar
• A free and fair election is a basic step and necessity in a democratic system
• The public elects their representatives, who ideally should be the voice and eyes of the common man
• Fraternity, equality, liberty and rule of law are some of the fundamental core values of a democratic system of governance
• Athens, in Greece, is the oldest functioning form of democratic governance in the world
• Democratic systems, ideally, are meant to be governed with policies and laws that favour the common citizen of the country
• Authoritarianism, dictatorship and fascism are some of the unpopular alternatives for the democratic system of governance
• Parliamentary, presidential and mixed are the three types of democracies that exist in the world
• Democracy and republic are the two forms where the true power lies with the common citizens of the country

FAQ’s on Essay on Democracy in India

Question 1. Which is the oldest democracy in the world?

Answer: Tynwald, on the Isle of Man, is considered to be the oldest democracy in the world that dates back to the 9th century

Question 2. What is the difference between democracy and authoritarianism?

Answer: In a democracy, leaders are answerable and accountable to their people but that is not the case in authoritarianism

Question 3. Which is the largest democracy in the world?

Answer: With a population of 135 crore people, India is the largest functioning democracy in the world

Question 4. Which country is considered as the best democracy in the world?

Answer: With a strong democratic score of 9.87, Norway is considered as the best and strongest democratic system in the world.

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Democracy Essay

Democracy is derived from the Greek word demos or people. It is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people. Democracy is exercised directly by the people; in large societies, it is by the people through their elected agents. In the phrase of President Abraham Lincoln, democracy is the “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people.” There are various democratic countries, but India has the largest democracy in the world. This Democracy Essay will help you know all about India’s democracy. Students can also get a list of CBSE Essays on different topics to boost their essay-writing skills.

500+ Words Democracy Essay

India is a very large country full of diversities – linguistically, culturally and religiously. At the time of independence, it was economically underdeveloped. There were enormous regional disparities, widespread poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and a shortage of almost all public welfare means. Since independence, India has been functioning as a responsible democracy. The same has been appreciated by the international community. It has successfully adapted to challenging situations. There have been free and fair periodic elections for all political offices, from the panchayats to the President. There has been a smooth transfer of political power from one political party or set of political parties to others, both at national and state levels, on many occasions.

India: A Democratic Country

Democracy is of two, i.e. direct and representative. In a direct democracy, all citizens, without the intermediary of elected or appointed officials, can participate in making public decisions. Such a system is only practical with relatively small numbers of people in a community organisation or tribal council. Whereas in representative democracy, every citizen has the right to vote for their representative. People elect their representatives to all levels, from Panchayats, Municipal Boards, State Assemblies and Parliament. In India, we have a representative democracy.

Democracy is a form of government in which rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions. Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers. This choice and opportunity are available to all people on an equal basis. The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights.

Democracy is the Best Form of Government

A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. Thus, democracy improves the quality of decision-making. The advantage of a democracy is that mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for public discussion, and there is room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed. Democracy offers better chances of a good decision. It respects people’s own wishes and allows different kinds of people to live together. Even when it fails to do some of these things, it allows a way of correcting its mistakes and offers more dignity to all citizens. That is why democracy is considered the best form of government.

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Essay on Democracy

Students are often asked to write an essay on Democracy in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Democracy

Introduction to democracy.

Democracy is a form of government where power is held by the people. They can either rule directly or through elected representatives. This system allows every citizen to participate in decision-making.

The Importance of Democracy

Democracy is important because it respects individual freedom and promotes equality. It ensures that everyone’s voice is heard and that leaders are accountable to the people.

Types of Democracy

There are two main types of democracy: direct and representative. In direct democracy, citizens participate in law-making. In representative democracy, people elect officials to make laws.

Challenges in Democracy

While democracy is beneficial, it faces challenges like corruption and unequal representation. It’s important to address these issues to maintain a healthy democracy.

250 Words Essay on Democracy

Introduction.

Democracy, a term derived from the Greek words ‘demos’ and ‘kratos’, meaning ‘people’ and ‘power’, respectively, signifies a political system where power is vested in the people. It is an embodiment of equality, freedom, and human rights, and is often regarded as the best form of governance.

The Essence of Democracy

At its core, democracy promotes active participation of citizens in political decision-making. This engagement fosters a sense of responsibility and awareness, and ensures that the government remains accountable to its constituents. In essence, democracy is a continuous dialogue between the governors and the governed.

Advantages and Challenges

Democracy’s strength lies in its respect for individual rights and the rule of law. It provides a platform for peaceful conflict resolution, and encourages diversity and pluralism. However, it is not without its challenges. The potential for majority rule to disregard minority rights, the risk of populist demagoguery, and the threat of misinformation are all inherent vulnerabilities in democratic systems.

In conclusion, democracy, while imperfect, remains a vital tool for ensuring political accountability and safeguarding human rights. It is a dynamic system that continually evolves to address its challenges, thereby exemplifying its inherent strength and resilience. Ultimately, the success of a democracy depends on an informed and engaged citizenry, who are the true custodians of its principles and values.

500 Words Essay on Democracy

Democracy, derived from the Greek words “demos” (people) and “kratos” (power), is a political system that places power in the hands of the people. It is a system where citizens participate in decision-making, either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy is often associated with freedom, equality, and human rights, serving as the cornerstone for many nations worldwide.

Democracies can be categorized into two main types: direct and representative. In a direct democracy, citizens participate directly in the decision-making process, typically through referendums. This form of democracy is rarely seen in large, complex societies due to logistical constraints. In contrast, representative democracy, the more common form, involves electing representatives who make decisions on behalf of the populace. This system allows for efficient governance while still maintaining democratic principles.

Democracy and Human Rights

Democracy and human rights are intertwined. A healthy democracy respects and protects human rights, providing a framework for citizens to express their views freely, associate with others, and participate in public life without fear. Conversely, human rights provide the conditions necessary for democracy to thrive, such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and freedom from discrimination.

Challenges Facing Democracy

Preserving democracy.

In conclusion, democracy is a political system that empowers citizens, upholds human rights, and promotes equality. Despite facing numerous challenges, democracy remains resilient and adaptable. It is a system that, while imperfect, offers a path towards a more just and equitable society. It is up to us, as informed and engaged citizens, to protect and strengthen our democratic institutions for the benefit of future generations.

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Paragraph on Democracy in 100, 150, 200, 250 & 300 Words for Students

• Post author: Grammar Library
• Post category: Paragraph

In a democracy, every person’s vote is meant to count the same, but sometimes it doesn’t seem that way. Some people might feel like their opinions are overlooked. How can we change this to make sure everyone feels valued? In this article, we’ll look at how democracy works to balance everyone’s views and ensure that all voices contribute equally to common decisions.

Table of Contents

Paragraph on Democracy in 100 words

Democracy is a system of government where citizens have the power to elect their leaders and influence laws through voting. In India, democracy is central to its identity, allowing people from various religions, languages, and cultures to have a voice in governing the country. Indian democracy operates under a constitution, which is the supreme law, guiding the rights and duties of citizens as well as the framework of the government.

This system supports equality and freedom, ensuring that everyone, regardless of their background, has the right to participate in the political process. Elections in India are a massive exercise with millions participating to choose their representatives at various levels—from local to national. This democratic process encourages discussions and debates which are vital for a healthy society. Thus, democracy in India is not just about voting but about building a community where every voice matters.

Paragraph on Democracy in 150 words

Democracy in India is a vibrant and dynamic system that empowers its citizens to participate in shaping their government. At its heart, democracy involves rule by the people, where the citizens of the country vote to elect their leaders and influence governmental decisions through a fair electoral process. India, being the world’s largest democracy, showcases the importance of democratic values such as freedom of expression, secularism, and equality.

The Indian Constitution, established in 1950, lays down the legal framework that ensures every citizen’s rights are protected under democratic principles. It includes provisions for a wide range of freedoms that are essential for the development of a society, such as the freedom of speech and the right to education. These elements help foster an informed and active citizenry, crucial for the functioning of a democracy.

In schools, children learn about the significance of voting and the responsibilities of citizens within a democratic country. These educational efforts aim to prepare the youth to become thoughtful and active participants in democracy, ensuring the future of India remains strong and democratic.

Paragraph on Democracy in 200 words

Democracy is a form of government where power lies with the people. This system allows citizens to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives through elected representatives. In India, democracy is deeply rooted in the history and fabric of the nation, reflecting a diverse society united under democratic ideals. The Indian democratic framework is outlined in the Constitution, which guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies. These rights ensure that the government respects and protects the diverse cultures, religions, and languages of its people.

Indian democracy is characterized by a multi-party system, where numerous political parties compete in state and national elections. This competition ensures a more transparent and accountable governance system, as it allows different voices and perspectives to be heard in the parliament. Furthermore, the role of a vibrant press and a judiciary that operates independently of the legislative and executive branches of government is crucial in maintaining the checks and balances that a healthy democracy requires.

Education plays a critical role in sustaining democracy by informing citizens about their rights and responsibilities. In schools, students learn about democratic principles through subjects like social studies and civics. These lessons help them understand the importance of voting, the process of elections, and the functioning of government institutions. By educating the younger generation about democracy, India nurtures informed and engaged citizens who are equipped to contribute to the democratic process and uphold democratic values in their everyday lives.

Paragraph on Democracy in 250 words

Democracy is a form of government where the power lies with the people. In a democratic country like India, citizens have the right to vote and elect their leaders. This system ensures that everyone has a say in how the country is run. The main principle of democracy is that it treats all its citizens as equals and guarantees them various freedoms and rights.

In India, democracy is celebrated as it allows different voices to be heard and decisions to be made through consensus. The Indian Constitution, which was adopted in 1950, lays down the framework for a democratic government and protects the rights of all citizens regardless of their race, religion, or gender. It promotes the idea of secularism, ensuring that the government remains neutral towards all religions.

Democracy also emphasizes the rule of law, meaning that laws apply equally to all individuals, and leaders must abide by them too. It encourages participation by enabling people to express their opinions through protests, votes, and public discussions. This makes the government more accountable and responsive to the needs of its people.

Educationally, democracy enriches students by teaching them the values of fairness, equality, and respect for different viewpoints. Schools often encourage debates and discussions on various topics, including democracy, to help students become informed and responsible citizens. Through such activities, students learn the importance of participation in democratic processes and the impact of their choices on society. This foundational understanding prepares them for their future roles in maintaining and nurturing democracy in the country.

Paragraph on Democracy in 300 words

Democracy stands as a pillar of freedom and equality, crucial to the governance of a diverse and populous nation like India. This system grants power to the people, allowing them to elect their representatives and influence government decisions. By doing so, democracy supports the idea of a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people,” as envisioned in the Indian Constitution.

The Indian democratic framework is built on the values of secularism, social justice, and the equality of all individuals before the law. These principles ensure that no citizen is discriminated against based on their background or beliefs. Every Indian citizen of voting age has the right to vote, a powerful tool through which they can shape the nation’s future.

One of the remarkable features of Indian democracy is its series of checks and balances, which are designed to prevent any branch of government from gaining excessive power. The judiciary, legislature, and executive each have distinct roles and responsibilities, ensuring a balance that helps protect the rights of the citizens. Additionally, numerous independent bodies, like the Election Commission of India, uphold the democratic process by ensuring fair and free elections.

In schools, democracy is not only a subject of study but also a practice within the classroom and school governance. Students often participate in elections to choose their class representatives or school leaders. This firsthand experience in a democratic setup teaches them about leadership, responsibility, and the importance of making thoughtful decisions. Moreover, the curriculum often includes lessons on the history and functioning of Indian democracy, which helps students appreciate the struggles and achievements of their forebears in building a democratic nation.

Thus, democracy in India is not just a political framework but also a cultural ethos that permeates various aspects of life, including education. By learning about democracy, students gain a deeper understanding of their rights and responsibilities as citizens. They learn the importance of tolerance, respect for diverse opinions, and the need for active participation in their community and country’s democratic processes. These lessons are vital for nurturing informed, responsible, and active citizens who can contribute positively to the development of the nation.

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By the People: Essays on Democracy

Harvard Kennedy School faculty explore aspects of democracy in their own words—from increasing civic participation and decreasing extreme partisanship to strengthening democratic institutions and making them more fair.

Winter 2020

By Archon Fung , Nancy Gibbs , Tarek Masoud , Julia Minson , Cornell William Brooks , Jane Mansbridge , Arthur Brooks , Pippa Norris , Benjamin Schneer

The basic terms of democratic governance are shifting before our eyes, and we don’t know what the future holds. Some fear the rise of hateful populism and the collapse of democratic norms and practices. Others see opportunities for marginalized people and groups to exercise greater voice and influence. At the Kennedy School, we are striving to produce ideas and insights to meet these great uncertainties and to help make democratic governance successful in the future. In the pages that follow, you can read about the varied ways our faculty members think about facets of democracy and democratic institutions and making democracy better in practice.

Explore essays on democracy

Archon fung: we voted, nancy gibbs: truth and trust, tarek masoud: a fragile state, julia minson: just listen, cornell william brooks: democracy behind bars, jane mansbridge: a teachable skill, arthur brooks: healthy competition, pippa norris: kicking the sandcastle, benjamin schneer: drawing a line.

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Essay on Election and Democracy for Students and Children

500 words essay on election and democracy.

A democratic government is said to be the best kind of government. It ensures the active participation of the people where the citizens get the chance to choose their government. The candidate or party whom the people choose is through elections.

Therefore, we see how elections play a pivotal role in a democracy. The party which secures the highest number of votes in the election process forms the government for the next term. That is why we see how elections are greatly crucial for a democracy.

Election Process in a Democracy

The election process in a democracy is usually similar in most ways. It is responsible for shaping the government of a democracy. Elections are conducted at regular intervals. In a democracy like India, they take place every five years. A committee is set to monitor the whole electoral procedure from the voters’ list to the results.

During the election process, various parties enroll themselves to contest in the elections. After thorough campaigning and more, dates are decided on which voting happens. People turn up in great numbers to cast their votes to make their candidate or party win.

Most importantly, in a democracy, the election process follows the method of a secret ballot. It is very beneficial for maintaining the fairness of the contest. Moreover, they also protect the privacy and safety of the voter as they are not liable to answer to anyone regarding their vote. It is one of the fairest ways to decide who wins the election.

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Importance of Election in Democracy

The election procedure just shows how important and crucial it is for a democracy. The process is very grand and takes place on a great level. As it requires a lot of work and attention, there are certain people who specifically get the responsibility of handling and managing the entire process.

Elections form the basis of democracy. They are very important as they help the people in getting a chance to contest the elections. It allows people to get a fair chance to work for their country and make a brighter future. Moreover, it also ensures that any person can become a part of the government without any discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, sex, religion or more.

Most importantly, elections entrust a big responsibility on the shoulders of the citizens. It helps in empowering the citizens of a democracy. You see that when a person earns the right to vote, they choose their government responsibly as they realize the power that lies within their hands.

Above all, the election process ensures fair play. They are a great way of preventing dishonest people from rigging the procedure. In short, fair and regular elections are a vital part of a democratic government. Similarly, they empower the common citizens of the nation to elect their government and also change it after a period of time to ensure everyone works for the best in the country.

FAQs on Election and Democracy

Q.1 What is the election process in a democracy?

A.1 The election process takes place at a regular period of time. People cast their vote to whomever they think id serving of being in power. Thus, the party with the majority of votes wins and serves the term.

Q.2 Why are elections important in a democracy?

A.2 Elections form the basis of any democracy. It ensures that the power resides within the people. It also ensures fair play and stops any unfair means from taking place. They are important to strengthen the essence of democracy.

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Democracy Essay (200 & 500 Words)

Boost your exam readiness with our student-friendly Democracy Essay. Dive into our comprehensive essay and ace your exams with confidence.

Democracy is a political system in which the people collectively decide matters of governance. In a democracy, the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or through freely elected representatives.

Democracy rests on the principles of popular sovereignty, political and social equality, majority rule, minority rights, rule of law, separation of powers, individual liberties, regular free and fair elections, participatory citizenry, transparency, and accountability. Citizens in a democracy have the right to determine who governs them through universal voting rights and participation in political processes and civic affairs.

The elected government rules based on the will of the majority while also protecting minority rights and interests. Democracy provides opportunities for citizens to hold their leaders accountable through mechanisms like regular elections, freedom of speech, and transparent governance.

Despite challenges, democracy arguably remains the most just and fair system of governance humans have conceived so far, though it requires an informed, aware and engaged citizenry to function well.

Democracy Essay (200 Words)

Democracy is a system of government that gives power to the people. In a democracy, people have the right to vote for their leaders during elections. Citizens also have basic rights like freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

Democracy started in ancient Greece thousands of years ago. At that time, free men who were citizens could vote to make decisions. Today many countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and India are democracies. However, the idea of who can vote has expanded over time. For example, in the early United States, only white male property owners had the right to vote. After long struggles, voting rights were expanded to women and people of all races.

There are many benefits to democracy. Citizens get to choose leaders who represent their interests. People have basic freedoms and rights protected by law. There is equality under the law – everyone has to follow the same rules. Democracy also allows diverse groups to live together peacefully through compromise. For example, the majority decides on leaders, but the rights of minorities are still protected.

However, democracy also has challenges. Decision-making can be slow because of disagreements. Many voices can make it hard to reach consensus. There is also the risk of the majority abusing power over the minority. Overall though, most people agree democracy is the fairest system of government if done right. With informed and engaged citizens, a democracy can thrive.

Essay on Democracy (500 Words)

Introduction to democracy.

Democracy is a form of government that gives power to the people. In a democratic system, people have the freedom to elect their leaders and participate in making important decisions that affect society. Democracy aims to protect citizens’ rights and liberties while promoting equality. This system of governance has many benefits but also some drawbacks. Understanding democracy is important for students so they can be informed, engaged citizens in the future.

What is Democracy?

Democracy comes from Ancient Greece where free male citizens would gather to debate issues and directly vote on laws. Today, most democracies use a representative system where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf. Countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, France and India are considered democracies.

Core features of a democracy include:

Free, fair and regular elections where all adult citizens can vote. Active participation by citizens in political and civic life. Protection of fundamental human rights like freedom of speech, press and religion. Equal treatment under the law for all citizens. Majority rule with protection of minority rights. Democracy aims to balance majority opinion with protections for those with less power or different views. Compromise and cooperation are needed for diverse groups to coexist.

Benefits of Democracy

There are many advantages to democratic governance. First, citizens get to play an active role by voting for leaders and policies that represent their interests. This is empowering for individuals. Democracy also promotes freedom. Basic civil liberties like free speech, free press and freedom of religion are protected. These rights allow open discussion and debate of issues.

Democracy is also associated with equality. All citizens have the same rights and responsibilities under the law regardless of race, gender, wealth or other differences. The majority decides on leaders through elections, but the rights of minorities are still protected from abuse. Having these protections can lead to greater unity and stability.

Finally, democracy features checks on government power to prevent corruption or abuses. For example, power is divided between different branches and levels in a system of checks and balances.

Challenges of Democracy

Despite its benefits, democracy also has some weaknesses and challenges. First, the democratic process for decision-making can be slow due to deliberation and compromise between opposing views. It can be messy and inefficient at times.

There is also a risk that the majority may abuse its power and infringe on the rights of minorities. Protecting minority groups from oppression requires citizens and leaders to uphold civil liberties. Critics also argue democracy is not effective at addressing long-term issues since leaders focus on short-term popularity with voters.

Democracy may also struggle to make unity out of diversity. Having open contestation of ideas may increase divisions and conflict at times. Citizens need to learn to compromise and reconcile differences through peaceful debate and negotiation.

Conclusion on Democracy

Democracy provides citizens the rights and freedoms to influence politics while promoting equality. It has many advantages like empowering individuals, protecting freedoms and minority rights, and checking government power. However, democracy also faces challenges like being slow, upholding minority rights and promoting national unity. Overall, democracy remains the best form of governance yet conceived for balancing diverse perspectives. But it relies on informed, responsible and engaged citizens to function well and uphold its ideals.

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Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

Essay on Democracy in India

Every citizen in India loves to live a life free of unwanted restrictions. There is the freedom to express our views regarding any topic or issue. We have the right to speak up for the wrong. These are enjoyed by people of democratic nations like India. Democracy means that the real power is in hands of the people of the country. The government is formed by the decision of the people.

Short and Long Essay on Indian Democracy in English

Here are essay for class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and degree students. I hope it will enrich your knowledge on this topic.

Indian Democracy Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) India enjoys a democratic form of government.

2) In democracy people are allowed to choose the government for them.

3) India is a democratic country since its independence in 1947.

4) Among several countries in the world, India is registered as the largest democracy.

5) Due to democracy, the people of India are blessed with many fundamental rights.

6) People of India enjoy freedom and equality due to democracy.

7) Democracy encourages peace and love in the country.

8) In India people select their representatives by conducting elections.

9) Democracy in India is helping in the development of the country.

10) Due to democracy, diverse people live with unity in India.

Short Essay on Democracy in India (250 words)

Introduction

The word ‘Democracy’ has a Greek origin that means the government in which the power is held in the hands of people. Democratic government is the government that is chosen by the people of the nation. Democracy gives us the right to enjoy our freedom and express our opinions on right and wrong.

India is a democratic nation since 1947 after the Independence from British rule. The government in India is formed by the people of the nation. Moreover, India is the largest democracy in the entire world. It is because of the democracy in the nation that people belonging to different religions and cultures are living in peace and harmony for a longer time. Voting is very important for the people living in democratic nations. Democracy in India provides freedom, equality, and justice to the people of India.

Why is Democracy Important in India?

Democracy grants equal rights and freedom to every citizen in a democratic nation. The people can follow their culture and live with freedom. Democracy is a very important factor in a nation like India. India is a land of people with religious and cultural diversity. Every person in the nation is free to practice religion according to their own faith.

Democracy promotes love and respect in every citizen for the other people of the nation. It is the power of democracy only that binds the people of India in the thread of love, peace, and harmony for years. Democracy is also important for the progress and development of India and its citizens.

Democracy allows us to raise our voice against anything wrong in the nation, unlike the countries where other types of governments exist. Democracy is the best gift to the people of India. The people of the nation must understand the importance of democracy also perform their duties towards the nation as good citizens.

Long Essay on Importance, History as well as Challenges to the Democracy of India (500 – 600 Words)

“Government of the People, by the people, for the people, shall not perish,” A famous quote said by Abraham Lincoln focusing on the power and importance of democracy. Democracy is best explained by this quote. It is explained that democracy is the government that is formed by the citizens of the country, as the public only elects their representative it will be beneficial for the people.

Importance of Democracy

The concept of democracy is of much importance for the growth and development of the nation. This grants the power of electing the representatives of our choice to form the government. The ideas and opinions of every citizen are respected. There can be nothing happier than the freedom provided to do things of our choice.

Democracy ensures the equality for every citizen. All the citizens are equal before the law. People of any religion, either rich or poor if possess the eligibility can contest for elections. Democracy confers fundamental rights and duties for every citizen. There are many responsibilities that are to be handled by the citizens of India and this will mark the progress and growth of our nation.

History of Democracy in India

India before Independence was under British rule. After independence in 1947, it became a democratic nation. The constitution was also laid in 1950. After the country attained democracy, the people of India had been given the power to elect the representative of their choice by giving votes. People were not discriminated against on the basis of caste, creed, and religion. They were free to make the decision information of the government.

Challenges of Democracy

Democracy must be reflected in all sections of society. India is a democratic nation since its independence since 1947. The expectations of some sections of society are still not quenched. There are some factors that disrupt the better functioning of a nation as a democratic nation.

• Poverty – It is one of the biggest problems in our country. There are many people in India who are deprived of food, clothing and shelter. The political parties during elections offer them money in form of bribe, so that these people may give their valuable votes to the particular political party. It is the poverty which makes people accept the money and keep their decision inside only. The requirement of money is of more importance rather than voting to the right candidate.
• Illiteracy – Literacy has its enormous importance. It helps an individual in understanding about different issues, programmes and policies inside the nation. People can give their opinions and suggestions on different problems of the country if they are literate and are able to understand well. Most of the people in India are illiterate and therefore it is a great challenge for the democracy of India.
• Gender Discrimination – India is a male dominant country. There women and girl have to face discrimination. They are deprived of their fundamental rights and education. The preference has always been given to the male child. The increased case of female infanticide clearly depicts this issue. Man and women both should have an equal status in society. The participation of both equally is required for proving democracy.
• Corruption – This is one of the major causes of disabling the proper functioning of democracy. Corruption can be observed in education, employment, health sectors, industrial sectors, political systems and almost in every aspect. Many politicians win the elections by the corrupt method. They usually capture the polling booths or bribe people to get their votes. This is totally changing the definition of democracy. In this way, public opinion could not be expressed.
• Criminalization – The person with a criminal background cannot contest for elections. This rule is being totally disapproved by the versatility of people with a criminal background. They stand and win in the election because of their power and wealth. Nobody opposes them as they are dangerous too. This is the way of totally opposing democracy. There must be certain procedures to eliminate these criminal practices.
• Casteism – The thought of casteism is most prevalent in minds of people. They give their votes also to the parties having members of the same caste. They just cast their votes irrespective of work of the political party. This thinking divides people into small groups with different opinions. It can never contribute to the economic and social growth of society and nation which is disrupting democracy.

The democracy in India is admired by the world. There are still many weaknesses which require improvements for the proper functioning of democracy.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

Ans . Democracy refers to the set-up in which the formation of government in a country takes place by the decision of the people directly or indirectly after elections.

Ans . India the seventh-largest country in area and second largest in population with developed politics thus holds the honour of the largest democracy in the world.

Ans . Democracy provides equality to all the citizens of a nation without any discrimination, and power to the people to state how and who will govern them.

Ans . Tynwald, on the Isle of Man, is regarded as the oldest democracy that has originated in the 9th century.

Ans . Vatican City regarded as the 18th wealthiest nation according to its GDP per capita of $21,198, is a developed non-democratic nation.

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Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship Democracy is the system of Government where people are given the power to elect the political leaders who will form the Government. Dictatorship is the Government where a single person rules. This person is called the dictator. In a democracy, citizens of the state choose their leaders and play an active role in building nations. Dictatorship, in contrast, is the type of Government where the power lies in the hands of a single leader, political group, or entity, and people have no right to elect their leader.

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Long and Short Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship in English

Here are essays of varying lengths on Democracy vs. Dictatorship to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Democracy vs. Dictatorship essay as per your need and interest:

Short Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship – Essay 1 (200 words)

Democracy is a government formed by the people. It refers to the rule of the majority. The basic principles of Democracy are political freedom, the rule of law, and equality. People elect political leaders who represent them and further the political decision-making at the local, regional, and national levels. Political leaders and parties with majority votes are elected.

The political leaders represent the people; therefore, the system is called representative Democracy. Democracy is the most common form of Government across the world. In this form of Government, every individual has equal rights and freedom to express their thoughts and opinions. Democracy leads to the prosperity and development of society.

Dictatorship refers to the form of Government where a single individual possesses absolute power and rules the state. The characteristics of dictatorship are suspension of elections, rule by decree, civil liberties, the proclamation of a state of emergency, and repression of political opponents without the rule of law. Dictators eliminate certain rights of people, mostly interfering with human rights. Dictators can be found throughout human history. Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, and Benito Mussolini have been some famous dictators. People often feel insecure under a dictatorship.

Democracy offers freedom and voice to the people, whereas in a dictatorship, there is ruthless oppression of people.

Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship – What do you Prefer – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

The difference between Democracy and dictatorship is that in a democracy, people get to choose their leaders, while in dictatorship single individual or political entity rules the country. Democracy allows the free development of human personality, whereas the other form of Government hinders the development of human personality. Both are opposite political philosophies in terms of perception and approach and come with some merits and demerits.

What do you Prefer?

The basic characteristics of Democracy are equality, liberty, and fraternity. It gives freedom of thought, speech, and expression. It promises active participation and involvement of the governed in the governance. The chief principle of Democracy is that power is implemented with respect to human rights. It makes people interested in the country and its democratic process. In a democratic government, individuals’ freedom and rights are given importance. Democracy gives the right to eligible people to choose their leader, but most people make irrational judgments. The majority of population in developing nations such as India is illiterate, and the judgment made is not completely independent.

In a dictatorship, the governed have no right to voice/her opinion. In a dictatorship, absolute power is concentrated in the hands of the dictator. A strong and well-run dictatorship can be very effective. It can prove to be better than Democracy. But there is fear that the dictator may become authoritarian and ruthless. A dictatorship can run smoothly and steadily as the power lies in the hands of a single individual. It is solely on the dictator as to how he uses the power. He can use it for the nation’s advancement or for purposes like exploiting people, terrorism, etc.

No guarantee would justice be served in any form of Government. The success of any form of Government is based on the selection of rulers or political leaders selected through by-elections. I value the individual’s dignity, equality, and justice. I believe Democracy is any day better than the other alternatives.

Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship – Which is better – Essay 3 (400 words)

Democracy and Dictatorship are two political philosophies. We often hear these two terms together as these two are the most common types of Government, often at odds with one another. Democracy is the people’s Government, which gives all eligible citizens the right to participate in electing their political leaders by giving them a voice in legislation. Dictatorship gives absolute power to one individual, a dictator.

Democracy vs. Dictatorship

Both Democracy and dictatorship have some pros and cons. Democracy allows full freedom for the general public to express their thoughts and have a voice in legislation. In a dictatorship, people are bound to follow the rules and laws decided and defined by the dictator.

Some attributes of Democracy are the rule of law, freedom of the judiciary and press, and human rights. Still, in unstable democracies, these may be weak and lead to slow economic growth. The decision-making process can be much slower, which hampers the development of the nation. In fragile and unstable democracies, political leaders may be corrupt and mean.

A strong and stable dictatorship can be better than a weak democracy. If the dictator is efficient and works for the nation’s advancement, he can make quick decisions and enforce discipline for the nation’s progress. In a country like India, where people are ignorant and not educated enough to make correct judgments the Government formed can be corrupt. A strong democracy is important for the development of people and society.

Which of the Two is Better?

Democracy is better compared to dictatorship as it allows people the right to express and voice their opinion. In a dictatorship, there is no freedom of thoughts and expression, and people are subjected to the ideas and beliefs of a single ruler. Democracy is the Government by the people, so it is less endangered to revolution as the people choose the Government and can change their leaders by electing other leaders. There is no freedom of expression in a dictatorship, leading to unhappy people and violent revolutions.

However, whether it is a democracy or dictatorship, any political leader has no guarantee of good conduct. We are witness to political leaders who are corrupt or often misuse their power to lead their own party. In the end, the political leaders’ character, moral standards, integrity, and ethical approach lead to strong Government.

A good dictator is better than a bunch of corrupt, petty, and selfish leaders coming to rule in Democracy. On the other hand, a strong democracy with political leaders that work for social reform and advancement of the society and nation can be better than a ruthless and corrupt dictator. So, it all depends on the kind of person/people in power.

Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship – What is the Difference – Essay 4 (500 words)

Democracy is a type of Government in which eligible citizens have the right to elect representatives to form a government body. It involves citizens directly by giving them a voice in legislation. On the other hand, dictatorship is the form of Government where all the power is placed in the hands of one person, the dictator. Democracy and dictatorship have emerged as the two major forms of Government across the world since the beginning of the 19 th and 20 th centuries.

What is a Democratic Form of Government?

Democracy is the Government elected by a majority of the people. It generates the citizens’ interest in the country’s politics by giving them the right to elect government members. It is important in a democratic system that the citizens of the country participate and are aware of the social issues and their right to vote. There should be a sense of responsibility in people. The elections should be monitored impartially to ensure system integrity.

Characteristics of Democracy

Some characteristics of Democracy are legal equality, the rule of law, and political freedom. Democracy runs with the principle of majority rule. Under Democracy, all eligible citizens have equal access to legislative processes and are equal before the law. A vote by every eligible citizen is valuable and has equal weight. The constitution protects the rights and liberties of the citizens. Democracy protects human rights through cooperation and coordination. It offers diversity to represent all the communities. Equality lies at the heart of Democracy.

What is a Dictatorship Form of Government?

In a dictatorship, the absolute power is with the dictator. The dictator is the political leader who holds extraordinary power and exercises his power for self-interest. In a dictatorship, the ruler is the one who acts for the whole Nation.

Characteristics of Dictatorship

Dictatorship is characterized by some chief features such as civil liberties, suspension of elections, rule by decree, the proclamation of the state of emergency, and repression of political opponents without acting in accord with the rule of law.

The most common feature attributed to dictators is to take advantage of their position, usually by restraining the freedom of speech of the people’s citizens. It is done in order to maintain social and political supremacy. People have no right to voice their thoughts on the way they are governed. No elections are held, and people have no right to choose their leaders. In a dictatorship, the law-making body is a single person that is the dictator. So, law enforcement may become brutal at times. In such a type of Government, there is little regard for the rights of the people.

In a democratic form of Government, people enjoy great liberty. The power is with the masses. They can choose the Government, and they can change the Government. Every eligible citizen has equal rights and freedom of self-expression. In a dictatorship, there is the rule of a dictator. People have no right to elect their leaders and have to follow the laws and rules of the dictator. Thus, Democracy is the best form of Government that leads to the development of people and society as the rights and liberties of the citizens are highly respected.

Long Essay on Democracy vs. Dictatorship – Merits and Demerits – Essay 5 (600 words)

Democracy and Dictatorship are two different types of government or political philosophies. These are the two types of governments exactly unlike one another. Democracy is the Government allowing people to govern via a voting system. On the other hand, dictatorship takes power away from people and grants it to one individual ruler.

Merits and Demerits of Democracy

Merits of Democracy: Democracy is the Government of people compared to the Government of a single ruler or a class of people. It gives voice to the citizens of the country in legislation and develops a sense of responsibility among them. People elect the members of Government themselves in a democratic government, so it gives the freedom of thought and speech.

Democracy has been defined as the Government of the people, by the people, and for the people. People have the right to elect their representatives by giving their valuable votes. These representatives represent the citizens in the legislature. If the citizens are not happy with their representatives, they may not re-elect them in the next elections.

Demerits of Democracy: Democracy also has its set of disadvantages, and one of the biggest disadvantages is the rule of ignorance. People who are not educated or intelligent are likely to take the wrong decisions in casting votes, and this can lead to the wrong choice of government leaders. In our country, people fail to take sound or independent decisions. The corrupt politicians or those who lack skills but are famous personalities like actors often get elected due to the ignorance of people.

Merits and Demerits of Dictatorship

Demerits of Dictatorship: In dictatorship majority of power is granted to one individual. People have no right to interfere in how they are governed and cannot be involved in the political system. A dictatorship is a dominant form of Government. There are no elections and human rights issues in this form of Government. In a dictatorship, law enforcement and lawmaking can often become forceful and violent. The dictators may often use their power for personal benefits and make wrong judgments that are not in favour of the country. The chief issues in this form of Government are propaganda, repression, and media blackouts.

There is no freedom of speech and thought under dictatorship. People can get into trouble for opposing their Government. An individual does not enjoy liberty and right for the development of his personality and is forced to act as governed by his ruler. Dissenters can be a threat to the dictator. So, dictators often use their power to give unfair verdicts. In a dictatorship, there is no freedom of individual expression and political diversity, which can often lead to unhappy people and violent revolutions.

Merits of Dictatorship: However, there are certain advantages of dictatorship. The election is a complicated process. As mentioned above, the majority of the population, especially in developing nations, is ignorant and illiterate and cannot make a correct judgments. Some argue that something as unpredictable and complex as elections can be a disaster. Instead, in a dictatorship government can move quickly by giving power to an individual.

A dictator is a leader who is an expert in the field of administration and organization. He is the one who has a quick decision-making ability that can work in the favour of his country and people. Dictators can bring social reforms and eliminate social evils and crimes through laws and regulations. A dictator, who works for his country’s advancement and betterment, proves to be successful and is liked by all. A dictatorship can lead to a stable government as the dictator remains in power for a long time.

Thus, both Democracy and dictatorship are political philosophies with their own merits and demerits. However, Democracy is considered better as it is the Government of the people.

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Is Our Democracy at Risk? Americans Think So. BU Experts Talk about Why—and the Way Forward

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Is Our Democracy at Risk?

Americans think so. faculty experts say electoral reforms, compromise, and a bit of moral outrage might be in order., sophie yarin, tracie ching.

With the 2024 presidential election booming, one phrase stands out as a harbinger of uncertain times: democracy at risk. It’s been covered in news, invoked by liberal and conservative pundits and presidential candidates, and fretted over in private.

Surveys show Americans are concerned about the state of democracy. In March 2024, the Georgetown Institute of Politics and Public Service announced its latest bipartisan Battleground Civility Poll : 81 percent of respondents said they believe democracy in America is being threatened. Three months before, an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll found 62 percent of adults believe democracy in the US “could be at risk,” depending on which presidential candidate wins this fall. “The poll asked about the importance of the coming presidential election for 12 issues and found that the percentage who said the outcome will be very or extremely important to the future of democracy in the U.S. (67%) ranked behind only the economy (75%),” the AP said in December 2023.

In general, those who see our form of government in decline point to issues like immigration, voter suppression, compromised election integrity, entrenched bipartisanship, rising authoritarian sentiment, and fears about media manipulation.

Bruce Schulman , William E. Huntington Professor of History at the College of Arts & Sciences, puts our present-day grasp of democracy in a historical context. “The [founding fathers] thought of themselves as having created a democratic system, but we have to understand that even our most fundamental ideas of what a democracy entails have changed over time,” he says, noting that two centuries ago, only one-tenth of the population—all white, male landowners—was able to vote.

Since then, our collective notion of the boundaries of democracy have expanded and contracted in different contexts. During and after both World Wars, Schulman says, American citizens saw an increase in “censorship, crackdown on dissent, extraordinary powers taken by the government, and the rise of vigilantism—such as attacks on immigrants or persecution of alleged communists.

“Democratic systems rest on a set of laws and practices—but also on a set of norms and cultural assumptions—that are vulnerable to attack,” which can often manifest “as a hostility to the values of openness, tolerance, inclusion, diversity, and respect for opposing viewpoints.”

At the same time, he says, as we move toward a historic rematch between two controversial presidential candidates, we’re also moving into uncharted waters.

“In our current cycle, every Republican politician is asked if they will accept the results of the election,” Schulman says, “and the fact that this is a question is just plain weird.”

“In our current cycle, every Republican politician is asked if they will accept the results of the election, and the fact that this is a question is just plain weird.” Bruce Schulman

How did we get here? Who is responsible for eroding the public’s trust, and how can we get it back? Bostonia spoke with BU faculty members about some of the issues that may be putting our system of government at risk.

Deepfakes and Denialism

In a recent analysis in the Washington Post , three political scientists wrote about their research on the impact of fake news: “The prospect of sharing false information—spread by individuals and foreign governments— threatens the quality of democracy in America. False and noisy information makes voters more likely to reelect poorly performing governments and lowers public confidence in democracy.”

Joan Donovan , a College of Communication assistant professor, studies misinformation and disinformation in a media environment—the internet and social media—where “alternative facts” and outright falsehoods have reached crisis levels. She believes that citizens have “a human right to the truth.”

Traditional media has its safeguards in the form of fact-checking and gatekeeping, but internet platforms and social media demolish all barriers, Donovan says. Without a stringent regard for factual information, the new media landscape has become rife with conspiracy theories, deepfakes, science denialism, and propaganda, often masquerading as genuine information. A TikTok video circulated in January, for example, featured audio that was AI generated to sound like President Joe Biden calling for F-15 fighter jets to be sent to the Texas-Mexico border. The audio was deemed a deepfake by the Poynter Institute for Media Studies and other experts.

“Anything that is novel and outrageous is going to circulate further and faster across social media than anything that is fact-based,” Donovan says, “and we don’t have companies at the helm of the information ecosystem that are willing to address these issues head-on.”

Search engine algorithms share the blame, she adds. Algorithms like Google’s prioritize information that’s “fresh and relevant” or trending over information that’s been factually verified. And often, this trending information has an agenda attached to it.

“Not a lot of people are going to wake up every day and remind the internet that the Holocaust happened, but there are a large number of people that are willing to wake up every day and deny the Holocaust,” Donovan says. “If you search for ‘Did the Holocaust happen?’ it shouldn’t be the case that there are two or three new results every other day.”

The people who generate disinformation “have an outsize influence on our culture, on our society, on our politics,” she says. “If they were to call for an insurrection or some kind of coup, they may be able to organize a large enough militia to do so. I know that sounds crazy to think about, but it’s one of the consequences of having technology organized in this way—the people with the largest network are going to exercise more power, potentially more power than politicians.”

If challenges to factual information are a threat to democracy, as some say, aren’t challenges to free speech, even conspiratorial speech, of equal concern? Perhaps, but Donovan is adamant that regulating the internet is not the same thing as curtailing free speech.

“You don’t have more or less free speech because the internet exists—you have the capacity to broadcast it, which is different,” she says. “But the free speech question becomes the major argumentative point that prevents any policy from coming forward.”

You don’t have more or less free speech because the internet exists—you have the capacity to broadcast it, which is different. Joan Donovan

What might that policy look like? Donovan calls for an effort to keep a record of all posts made by elected officials—a project she is engaged in at BU—which would hold them to account if they were to promulgate antidemocratic ideas. In terms of broader, ideological reforms, she’d like to see the internet function more like a public utility, such as a library, and less like a corporate platform.

“We need to have processes of peer review in order to see more stability in what gets returned when you search for something,” she says. “It’s been capture of communication, and downstream of that is a society that’s much more vulnerable to authoritarianism.”

Political Violence

When Steve Rosenzweig watched the news on January 6, 2021, he was shocked. But he also knew that years of extremist rhetoric on social media was bound to boil over into violent action.

“In hindsight, the writing was on the wall,” says Rosenzweig, a College of Arts & Sciences assistant professor of political science. “I actually wrote an opinion piece in the Boston Globe a couple of months before that, warning that…violence was on the table.”

The Globe piece was eerily prescient: “Barring an indisputable landslide on election night, Trump appears likely to contest the results. He will claim rampant voter fraud. He will demand that the courts and the Justice Department intercede on his behalf. And he will wink and nod at the armed extremists currently occupying the fringe of his base.”

Many will remember that day as an unprecedented show of political violence by a group propelled by the belief—without evidence—that the 2020 presidential election results were illegitimate. Rosenzweig, a scholar of political violence in East African countries, is acutely aware that the US has a history of using brute force to achieve political ends.

The American violence of the 19th and 20th centuries was explicitly racially motivated. Rosenzweig cites the 1965 march on Selma, Ala., where Martin Luther King, Jr. (GRS’55, Hon.’59) and supporters of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were met with violent opposition, as a prime example.

“The amount of time in which we have a fully democratic system for all people in the US has only really been since the Voting Rights Act at the earliest,” Rosenzweig says. “We sometimes forget that the periods in which we’ve had full multiracial democracy and relatively low levels of political violence are almost an anomaly.”

There are plenty of examples of reversing democratic erosion or backsliding, Rosenzweig says: “In Senegal, there have been presidents who have tried to extend their time in office and were forced to backtrack, and you saw peaceful transitions as a result.

“But violence, once it’s out of the box, is a little more difficult to put back in.”

The key to keeping a society free of political violence, he says: “Every political system has those who might utilize violence in pursuit of their goals. What determines whether violence becomes common or not is the extent to which mainstream politicians endorse it.”

Voter Suppression

In the last few decades, many states have mounted barriers to the ballot box—imposing strict voter ID laws, decreased voting times, and restricted registration. Such measures have deleterious outcomes, with “racial minorities, poor people, and young and old voters” as the primary targets, according to the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law.

Christine Slaughter , a College of Arts & Sciences assistant professor of political science, researches the voter landscape, probing the psychological reasons certain demographic groups, like Black individuals, do and do not turn out to vote and which candidates they choose.

“There’s a prominent theory of Black political behavior…that demonstrates that Black people believe what happens to the group will have something to do with what happens in their lives,” she says. “Not too many other racial groups have that sense of solidarity that shapes their politics, and looking across the political landscape, we can see that linked fate is a unique attribute for Black voters.”

Slaughter’s research finds that Black voters, and Black women in particular, are impelled by a sense of political optimism that sees them well-represented at the ballot box. This optimism was manifested in a decisive turnout during the 2020 presidential election, and some political scientists credit that turnout to Biden’s victory. It was also a year marked by significant attempts to compromise voting integrity, which could likely reemerge in November 2024, Slaughter says.

“In many states, African American voters experience disenfranchisement and vote dilution, which weakens their ability to make an electoral impact,” she says. “And the Democrats have not done much to stand against fraud allegations [made by Republicans], or move quickly to pass a new Voting Rights Act prior to this election, or ensure equal representation.”

In many states, African American voters experience disenfranchisement and vote dilution, which weakens their ability to make an electoral impact. Christine Slaughter

Reforms to address voter suppression (which frequently targets Black individuals and other voters of color) are steps in the right direction, Slaughter says. “But despite their effectiveness, not all states adopt these reforms,” leaving voters especially vulnerable in states with restrictive voting laws.

She also notes that while electoral reforms to improve voter access and convenience—like online and same-day registration and the elimination of barriers like required photo identification—can be effective in certain areas, “no one reform has a uniform effect across states.” Politics, she adds, always factor into how, where, and when people vote.

“Therefore, several approaches exist to improving voter confidence, and each has some benefits but also some drawbacks,” she says. “Unfortunately, it takes elected officials coming across the aisle in order to implement them [effectively], and in such a polarizing time, that is unlikely to happen.”

Extreme Populism

Vivien Schmidt , Jean Monnet Professor of European Integration and a professor emerita of international relations and political science at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies, is a scholar of European populism, an ideology she says is characterized by its “us versus them” message, its charismatic messenger, and its ability to create messages that resonate with citizens’ economic, social, and political discontent.

“It’s anti-elite, antiestablishment, and it tends to be angry,” she says. “The discourse can be seen as anti-liberal democracy, because it’s against any kind of intermediary institutions.”

Populism is also often spoken of in the same breath as nationalism, particularly when examining extreme conservative movements, she says. “On the right, national sovereignty has become a major issue, because it’s about identity—it’s about an ideal of identity from the past,” she says. “In the US in particular, it links to white supremacy.”

Far-right populist messaging in Europe and in the US tend to mirror each other, but Schmidt warns of some key differences in scope. For one thing, the European Union continues to act as a checks-and-balances system that prevents antidemocratic movements from taking over the continent.

So, why is right-wing populism so threatening, and why is it happening now?

“In the US, extreme right populism moves toward authoritarianism,” Schmidt explains. “We’re seeing more policymakers and ordinary voters saying they want a strong leader.”

In the US, extreme right populism moves toward authoritarianism. Vivien Schmidt

The movement incubated in the financial crisis of the 2000s and the collapse of American manufacturing, where average Americans went from “good manufacturing jobs to not-good service jobs to the platform economy,” she says. “Why wouldn’t people be angry, and why wouldn’t they worry about being left behind? They look at the politicians to say, ‘You haven’t solved my problem.’”

Schmidt says that regrettably, only in a liberal democracy can citizens campaign for, and ultimately achieve, an autocratic state: “Winston Churchill said that democracy is the worst form of government except for all the other ones. There’s nothing inherent in democracy to save it from the authoritarian drift. In order to make it work, you need consensus, you need compromise, and you need people to talk to one another.”

Citizen Mobilization

It may seem paradoxical, but according to Schulman, now is not the time to double down on the old ways.

“The idea that a constitution would survive for 200 years would never have occurred to the framers,” he says. Democracy must be allowed to evolve. In the beginning of the 20th century, for instance, major progressive reforms, like women’s voting rights, were passed through on-the-ground campaigning, which led to constitutional amendments, he says.

“In the last 60 years, the Constitution has not been amended in any substantial way,” he says. “People have to agree to say, ‘Hey, this isn’t working,’ in order to fix things.”

Robert L. Tsai , a School of Law professor of law, Harry Elwood Warren Memorial Scholar, and an expert in constitutional policy, says it’s the power of moral outrage that gets representatives to start listening, changes laws, creates amendments, and determines the success or failure of an initiative.

“You need outrage, particularly in our modern age, when so many things make us feel fairly indifferent to the suffering of others,” he says. “I have faith that if you’re willing to embrace a certain amount of messiness, people will eventually come together.”

But Tsai believes that citizen campaigns should not necessarily be focused on getting amendments passed or achieving favorable Supreme Court rulings. Instead, that energy should be trained on local and state courts.

“I can cite you any number of laws that the Supreme Court basically killed in the cradle decades ago, where lawyers got totally repudiated,” he says. “And those cases get cited now as terrible law. On the other hand, if you look at the states that passed the Equal Rights Amendment [in the 1970s], it was done through citizen mobilization.”

This is not mere theory, Tsai notes. The ideals that are the bedrock of our democracy have come to fruition as the result of citizen efforts in the smaller courts. “Most of us who are living in America believe in democracy—one person, one vote. But most people don’t realize that that principle is not actually written anywhere in the Constitution,” he says. “The only reason the Supreme Court ever even uttered those words is because of the mobilization that went on for generations at the local level, to make state elections more democratic, and more open.”

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Greater Good Science Center • Magazine • In Action • In Education

Americans Still Have Hope for Democracy, Despite Everything

On July 21, President Joe Biden announced his withdrawal of his reelection bid . Minutes later, he announced his full endorsement of Vice President Kamala Harris.

Despite worries about the substitution, happening just months before the election, Democrats nationwide responded with widespread support. In one week, Kamala Harris’s campaign raised over $200 million . When the Democratic National Convention (DNC) convenes this month in Chicago, Illinois, Americans and delegates will get another opportunity to “reflect, listen, and learn” about the messy business of democracy.


As political scientists, we have been doing something very similar. As a group, we have decades of experience studying politics—and we believe that not since the American Civil War has there been so much concern that American democracy, while always a work in progress, is under threat.

Indeed, survey trends point to eroding trust in democratic institutions. In addition to serving as a direct reminder of our political system’s fragility, the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol and recent remarks by former president Donald Trump have provoked concern of the potential of democratic backsliding in the U.S.

In the fall of 2022, we listened to thousands of U.S. residents talk about their views on the state of American democracy. We found that, despite widespread fears over the future of democracy, many people are also hopeful, and that hope translated into “voting for democracy” by shunning election-result deniers at the polls. The groups that are most hopeful might surprise you: Asian American and Black voters, especially Black women.


Fears of a failing democracy

The 2022 midterms were the first nationwide ballot to take place after the Jan. 6 attack. The election provided a good opportunity to check in with potential U.S. voters over how they viewed the risks to democracy.

As such, in the fall of 2022, the African American Research Collaborative —of which one of us is a member—worked with a team of partners to create the Midterm Election Voter Poll . In an online and phone survey, we asked more than 12,000 U.S. voters from a variety of backgrounds a series of questions about voting intention and trust in national politics. Respondents were also quizzed over their concern about the state of American democracy.

On a five-point scale ranging from “very” to “not at all,” the survey asked how worried respondents were that “the political system in the United States is failing and there is a decent chance that we will no longer have a functioning democracy within the next 10 years.”

Roughly 6 in 10 Americans expressed fear that democracy is in peril, with 35% saying they were “very worried.”

Broken down by race and ethnicity, white Americans were the most concerned, with 64% expressing some worry that democracy is in peril. Black and Latino Americans were slightly less concerned. Asian Americans appeared the least worried, with 55% expressing concern.

Of the 63% of respondents who registered concern, more than half said they were “very worried” that democracy is in trouble and that it may soon come to an end.

Such fragility-of-democracy concerns can have a self-perpetuating effect ; voters’ increasing lack of faith in their system can hasten the collapse in government they fear.

For example, negative attitudes about democracy can also destabilize voting habits—prompting some to skip elections altogether while motivating others to swing back and forth between candidates and political parties from one election to another. This pattern of voting can, in turn, lead to gridlock in government or worse: the election of cynical politicians who are less able—or even willing—to govern. It is a process that former Democratic Rep. Barney Frank of Massachusetts described in 2015 as the “self-fulfilling prophecy of ‘ government doesn’t work .’”

Turning hope into action

But the story that emerged from our survey isn’t all doom and gloom.

In addition to confirming how endangered Americans believe their democracy is, citizens appear hopeful that their political system can recover. When given the prompt: “Overall, as you vote in November 2022, are you mostly feeling…,” more than 40% of the respondents—regardless of race or ethnicity—said they felt “hopeful.”

Indeed, “hope” was by far the most common feeling out of the four emotions that respondents were able to choose from. “Worry” was the second most typical emotion, with 31% of the total sample selecting it, followed by “pride” and “anger.” We’re sure a similar reaction was felt when Biden dropped from the presidential race, leaving a little over 100 days to rally behind the first Black woman presidential nominee.

Rather than resigning themselves to a lost democracy, the results indicate that voters from a broad array of demographic and political backgrounds feel hopeful that American democracy can overcome the challenges facing the nation.

Black Americans were among the most hopeful (49%), second only to Asian Americans (55%), while white Americans were the most worried (33%). These racial and ethnic differences are consistent with recent research on how emotions can shape politics.

Those results also make sense in the context of the trajectory of race relations in the U.S. Black people have borne the brunt of what happens when authoritarian forces in this country have prevailed. They have suffered firsthand from anti-democratic actions being used against them, depriving them of the right to vote, for example. Throughout U.S. history, stories of racial progress often reveal a struggle to reconcile feelings of hope and worry, particularly when thinking about what America is versus what the nation ought to be.

Such hope in democracy has turned into action. Efforts to counter GOP-led attempts to suppress votes are encouraging signs of citizens combating anti-democratic measures, while punishing parties deemed to be pushing them.

Take the example of Georgia, which has “ flipped from Republican to Democrat ” in large part because of voting rights activist and Democratic politician Stacey Abrams’s tireless mobilization efforts . In the midterm election, GOP Senate candidate Herschel Walker underperformed among Black voters, winning less of the Black vote than GOP candidates in other states.

The breaking of the Republican stronghold in Georgia fits with a broader theme of Black voters casting ballots to “save democracy,” as scholars writing for the Brookings Institution think tank put it. In rejecting anti-democratic measures—and representatives of the party held responsible—in Georgia, “Black people were the solution for an authentic democracy.”

Black women deserve the most credit here, consistently voting for pro-democracy candidates. Not surprisingly, when broken down by race and gender, our survey shows that Black women are most hopeful (56%), some way ahead of white men (43%), with Black men and white women both at 42%.

We saw that hope in action recently, when Black women voters raised over $4 million on Zoom for Kamala Harris the night she announced her campaign, leading the charge for other racial and ethnic groups to follow suit .

A democracy, to keep for good

Democracy has long been a cherished ideal in the U.S., but one that from the country’s founding was perceived to be fragile.

When asked what sort of political system the Founding Fathers had agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 , Benjamin Franklin famously replied: “ A republic, if you can keep it .”

While acknowledging that the success of our government isn’t promised, Franklin’s words serve as a reminder that citizens must work relentlessly to maintain and protect what the Constitution provides.

What we’ve discovered, both from our survey and from how people voted, is that Americans are sending a clear message that they support democracy, and will fight anti-democratic measures—something that politicians of all parties might benefit from listening to if we want to keep our republic.

This article was updated and revised from a piece that originally appeared in  The Conversation .

About the Authors

Ray Block, Ph.D. is the Brown-McCourtney Career Development Professor in the McCourtney Institute and professor of political science and African American studies at Penn State University. His research interests include racial, ethnic, and gender differences in civic involvement; the formation and mutability of social identity; campaigns and elections; and other topics.

Andrene Wright

Andrene Wright is a postdoctoral fellow at Penn State University’s Department of Political Science. Her research focuses on urban politics and political behavior at the intersections of race, gender, and class.

Mia Angelica Powell

Mia A. Powell is a doctorate student at Penn State University’s political science program. She studies American politics, and her research focuses on racial/ethnic politics, political behavior, and voting systems.

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