professional essay pdf

Sample Papers

This page contains sample papers formatted in seventh edition APA Style. The sample papers show the format that authors should use to submit a manuscript for publication in a professional journal and that students should use to submit a paper to an instructor for a course assignment. You can download the Word files to use as templates and edit them as needed for the purposes of your own papers.

Most guidelines in the Publication Manual apply to both professional manuscripts and student papers. However, there are specific guidelines for professional papers versus student papers, including professional and student title page formats. All authors should check with the person or entity to whom they are submitting their paper (e.g., publisher or instructor) for guidelines that are different from or in addition to those specified by APA Style.

Sample papers from the Publication Manual

The following two sample papers were published in annotated form in the Publication Manual and are reproduced here as PDFs for your ease of use. The annotations draw attention to content and formatting and provide the relevant sections of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) to consult for more information.

• Student sample paper with annotations (PDF, 5MB)
• Professional sample paper with annotations (PDF, 2.7MB)

We also offer these sample papers in Microsoft Word (.docx) format with the annotations as comments to the text.

• Student sample paper with annotations as comments (DOCX, 42KB)
• Professional sample paper with annotations as comments (DOCX, 103KB)

Finally, we offer these sample papers in Microsoft Word (.docx) format without the annotations.

• Student sample paper without annotations (DOCX, 36KB)
• Professional sample paper without annotations (DOCX, 96KB)

Sample professional paper templates by paper type

These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different professional paper types. Professional papers can contain many different elements depending on the nature of the work. Authors seeking publication should refer to the journal’s instructions for authors or manuscript submission guidelines for specific requirements and/or sections to include.

• Literature review professional paper template (DOCX, 47KB)
• Mixed methods professional paper template (DOCX, 68KB)
• Qualitative professional paper template (DOCX, 72KB)
• Quantitative professional paper template (DOCX, 77KB)
• Review professional paper template (DOCX, 112KB)

Sample papers are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Chapter 2 and the Concise Guide Chapter 1

Related handouts

• Heading Levels Template: Student Paper (PDF, 257KB)
• Heading Levels Template: Professional Paper (PDF, 213KB)

Other instructional aids

• Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS)
• APA Style Tutorials and Webinars
• Handouts and Guides
• Paper Format

View all instructional aids

Sample student paper templates by paper type

These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.

APA does not set formal requirements for the nature or contents of an APA Style student paper. Students should follow the guidelines and requirements of their instructor, department, and/or institution when writing papers. For instance, an abstract and keywords are not required for APA Style student papers, although an instructor may request them in student papers that are longer or more complex. Specific questions about a paper being written for a course assignment should be directed to the instructor or institution assigning the paper.

• Discussion post student paper template (DOCX, 31KB)
• Literature review student paper template (DOCX, 37KB)
• Quantitative study student paper template (DOCX, 53KB)

Sample papers in real life

Although published articles differ in format from manuscripts submitted for publication or student papers (e.g., different line spacing, font, margins, and column format), articles published in APA journals provide excellent demonstrations of APA Style in action.

APA journals began publishing papers in seventh edition APA Style in 2020. Professional authors should check the author submission guidelines for the journal to which they want to submit their paper for any journal-specific style requirements.

Credits for sample professional paper templates

Quantitative professional paper template: Adapted from “Fake News, Fast and Slow: Deliberation Reduces Belief in False (but Not True) News Headlines,” by B. Bago, D. G. Rand, and G. Pennycook, 2020, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 149 (8), pp. 1608–1613 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000729 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.

Qualitative professional paper template: Adapted from “‘My Smartphone Is an Extension of Myself’: A Holistic Qualitative Exploration of the Impact of Using a Smartphone,” by L. J. Harkin and D. Kuss, 2020, Psychology of Popular Media , 10 (1), pp. 28–38 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000278 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.

Mixed methods professional paper template: Adapted from “‘I Am a Change Agent’: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Students’ Social Justice Value Orientation in an Undergraduate Community Psychology Course,” by D. X. Henderson, A. T. Majors, and M. Wright, 2019,  Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology , 7 (1), 68–80. ( https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000171 ). Copyright 2019 by the American Psychological Association.

Literature review professional paper template: Adapted from “Rethinking Emotions in the Context of Infants’ Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Interest and Positive Emotions,” by S. I. Hammond and J. K. Drummond, 2019, Developmental Psychology , 55 (9), pp. 1882–1888 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000685 ). Copyright 2019 by the American Psychological Association.

Review professional paper template: Adapted from “Joining the Conversation: Teaching Students to Think and Communicate Like Scholars,” by E. L. Parks, 2022, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology , 8 (1), pp. 70–78 ( https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000193 ). Copyright 2020 by the American Psychological Association.

Credits for sample student paper templates

These papers came from real students who gave their permission to have them edited and posted by APA.

• FRONT MATTER
• TABLE OF CONTENTS

Short Essay Samples

Below is a pdf link to personal statements and application essays representing strong efforts by students applying for both undergraduate and graduate opportunities. These ten essays have one thing in common: They were all written by students under the constraint of the essay being 1-2 pages due to the target program’s explicit instructions. In such circumstances, writers must attend carefully to the essay prompt (sometimes as simple as “Write a one-page summary of your reasons for wanting to pursue graduate study”) and recognize that evaluators tend to judge these essays on the same fundamental principles, as follows:

• First, you are typically expected to provide a window into your personal motivations, offer a summary of your field, your research, or your background, set some long-term goals, and note specific interest in the program to which you are applying.
• Second, you are expected to provide some personal detail and to communicate effectively and efficiently. Failure to do so can greatly limit your chances of acceptance.

Good writers accomplish these tasks by immediately establishing each paragraph’s topic and maintaining paragraph unity, by using concrete, personal examples to demonstrate their points, and by not prolonging the ending of the essay needlessly. Also, good writers study the target opportunity as carefully as they can, seeking to become an “insider,” perhaps even communicating with a professor they would like to work with at the target program, and tailoring the material accordingly so that evaluators can gauge the sincerity of their interest

Overview of Short Essay Samples

Geological sciences samples.

In the pdf link below, the first two one-page statements written by students in the geological sciences are interesting to compare to each other. Despite their different areas of research specialization within the same field, both writers demonstrate a good deal of scientific fluency and kinship with their target programs.

Geography Student Sample

The short essay by a geography student applying to an internship program opens with the writer admitting that she previously had a limited view of geography, then describing how a course changed her way of thinking so that she came to understand geography as a “balance of physical, social, and cultural studies.” Despite her limited experience, she shows that she has aspirations of joining the Peace Corps or obtaining a law degree, and her final paragraph links her interests directly to the internship program to which she is applying.

Materials Sciences Student Sample

For the sample from materials sciences, directed at an internal fellowship, the one-page essay has an especially difficult task: The writer must persuade those who already know him (and thus know both his strengths and limitations) that he is worthy of internal funds to help him continue his graduate education. He attempts this by first citing the specific goal of his research group, followed by a brief summary of the literature related to this topic, then ending with a summary of his own research and lab experience.

Teach for America Student Sample

The student applying for the Teach for America program, which recruits recent college graduates to teach for two years in underprivileged urban and rural public schools, knows that she must convince readers of her suitability to such a demanding commitment, and she has just two short essays with which to do so. She successfully achieves this through examples related to service mission work that she completed in Ecuador before entering college.

Neuroscience Student Sample

The sample essay by a neuroscience student opens with narrative technique, telling an affecting story about working in a lab at the University of Pittsburgh. Thus we are introduced to one of the motivating forces behind her interest in neuroscience. Later paragraphs cite three undergraduate research experiences and her interest in the linked sciences of disease: immunology, biochemistry, genetics, and pathology.

Medieval Literature Student Sample

This sample essay immerses us in detail about medieval literature throughout, eventually citing several Irish medieval manuscripts. With these examples and others, we are convinced that this student truly does see medieval literature as a “passion,” as she claims in her first sentence. Later, the writer repeatedly cites two professors and “mentors” whom she has already met, noting how they have shaped her highly specific academic goals, and tying her almost headlong approach directly to the National University of Ireland at Maynooth, where she will have flexibility in designing her own program.

Beinecke Scholarship Student Sample

The Beinecke Scholarship essay is written by a junior faced with stiff competition from a program that awards $34,000 towards senior year and graduate school. This student takes an interesting theme-based approach and projects forward toward graduate school with confidence. This writer’s sense of self-definition is particularly strong, and her personal story compelling. Having witnessed repeated instances of injustice in her own life, the writer describes in her final paragraphs how these experiences have led to her proposed senior thesis research and her goal of becoming a policy analyst for the government’s Department of Education.

Online Education Student Sample

Written during a height of US involvement in Iraq, this essay manages the intriguing challenge of how a member of the military can make an effective case for on-line graduate study. The obvious need here, especially for an Air Force pilot of seven years, is to keep the focus on academic interests rather than, say, battle successes and the number of missions flown. An additional challenge is to use military experience and vocabulary in a way that is not obscure nor off-putting to academic selection committee members. To address these challenges, this writer intertwines his literacy in matters both military and academic, keeping focus on applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), his chosen field of graduate study.

Engineer Applying to a Master’s Program Sample

This example shows that even for an engineer with years of experience in the field, the fundamentals of personal essay writing remain the same. This statement opens with the engineer describing a formative experience—visiting a meat packaging plant as a teenager—that influenced the writer to work in the health and safety field.  Now, as the writer prepares to advance his education while remaining a full-time safety engineer, he proves that he is capable by detailing examples that show his record of personal and professional success. Especially noteworthy is his partnering with a government agency to help protect workers from dust exposures, and he ties his extensive work experience directly to his goal of becoming a Certified Industrial Hygienist.

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Flagship showdown — iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro features compared

iPhone 16 Pro [left], iPhone 15 Pro [right]

The 2023 iPhone launch saw the iPhone 15 Pro Max gain more of an upgrade than the iPhone 15 Pro , thanks to its camera system. With the 2024 release, the iPhone 16 Pro catches up with the Pro Max, along with gaining other changes to the form.

This time, Apple's supersized the screen and added a new button. In 2024, the smaller Pro model also got the new Tetraprism lens, introduced in the iPhone 15 Pro Max.

This is how the iPhone 16 Pro improves and compares against its predecessor, the iPhone 15 Pro.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Specifications

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Physical dimensions

The smaller of the two premium smartphones in the 2023 releases, the iPhone 15 Pro is comparable to the standard-edition iPhone 15 in many ways. Though, obviously, the features are always a different matter.

At 5.77 inches long and 2.78 inches wide, it had a marginal trim of size compared to the iPhone 14 Pro , though it also gained thickness at 0.31 inches.

For the iPhone 16 line, Apple decided to increase the size of the Pro models. That size parity with the non-Pro model is not present this time around.

The iPhone 16 Pro is 5.89 inches long and 2.81 inches wide, which is a marginal increase on the iPhone 15 Pro. The thickness of 0.32 inches is also a bit of a size gain too.

There was a big change in the chassis design for the iPhone 15 Pro. Apple switched out from a stainless steel enclosure in a Ceramic Shield glass sandwich in favor of a version with Grade 5 Titanium.

The iPhone 16 Pro carries this along, but the chassis is tweaked to increase thermal transfers from the internal components. This should help keep the iPhone 16 Pro cool under processing loads.

The iPhone 15 Pro's change allowed it to be a fairly light at 6.60 ounces. The size increases doesn't help the iPhone 16 Pro, which weighs in at 7.03 ounces.

Yes, the new model is heavier, but it's a tad bit bigger to boot.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Display

The screen used in the iPhone 15 Pro remained largely unchanged from the iPhone 14 Pro's version. The 6.1-inch OLED screen under the Super Retina XDR display offered a resolution of 2,556 by 1,179 pixels.

This gave it a pixel density of 460 pixels per inch, maintaining Apple's preferred figure for that spec.

The screen increase now means the iPhone 16 Pro has a 6.3-inch OLED panel to play with. It's also higher-resolution at 2,622 by 1,206, which maintains the 460ppi pixel density.

The use of OLED gave the iPhone 15 Pro a contrast ratio of 2 million to one as well as great brightness. The typical max brightness was set at 1,000 nits, with HDR content peaking at 1,600 nits, and 2,000 nits possible when used outdoors.

It also has an always-on display, which is driven by ProMotion's adaptive refresh rates going as high as 120Hz, depending on what content you're enjoying.

Apple didn't mess with these stats in the iPhone 16 Pro, with the latest model having identical brightness, contrast, and ProMotion.

The top of the iPhone 15 Pro screen has the Dynamic Island, which hides the punch-hole TrueDepth camera array with software elements. It also has Wide Color (P3) support, HDR, and TrueTone support, as well as a fingerprint-fighting oleophobic coating.

The iPhone 16 Pro retains the Dynamic Island for another year. It's probably going to stay this way for the foreseeable future, until Apple works out how to put the camera behind the display.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Cameras

Back in 2023, the iPhone 15 Pro had a major disadvantage against the iPhone 15 Pro Max, aside from size. While it had practically the same camera system, one of the Pro Max's shooters had a considerable improvement.

The iPhone 15 Pro's square camera bump starts off with the 48-megapixel Main sensor, which as a second-gen sensor shift optical image stabilization system ans an f/1.78 aperture.

It had a 24-megapixel default image size, was able to offer three effective focal lengths to users, and was even able to fake an entire camera sensor. By cropping, the Main sensor could be used as a virtual 12MP 2x Telephoto camera.

The iPhone 16 Pro has the same specs for this camera, except it got rebranded. Apple now refers to it as the Fusion Camera.

The Ultra Wide camera was a 12-megapixel version with an f/2.2 aperture and a 120-degree field of view in the iPhone 15 Pro. The iPhone 16 Pro ups the spec to a 48-megapixel f/2.2 camera, still with a 120-degree field of view.

Where the iPhone 15 Pro lost out to the Pro Max was the Telephoto. The Pro Max had a tetraprism lens arrangement, allowing for it to have a 5x optical zoom.

The iPhone 15 Pro, meanwhile, settled for a more conventional 3x optical zoom with its 12MP sensor, and a maximum digital zoom of 15x.

This time, the Tetraprism lens has been adopted by the non-Max's Telephoto, giving it a 5x optical zoom. This now means there's feature parity on the Pro model's cameras.

Tech-wise, the iPhone 15 Pro's sensors all had 100% Focus Pixel coverage, with LiDAR also aiding focusing, especially at night. For the iPhone 16 Pro, the Fusion and Telephoto have 100% Focus Pixel coverage, while the Ultra Wide has Hybrid Focus Pixels.

The iPhone 15 Pro continued Apple's computational photography work, with updates to the Photonic Engine and Deep Fusion improving user's photographs. Portrait mode offered a six-effect Portrait Lighting function, with Night Mode, Smart HDR 5, and other features appearing on the roster.

This is unchanged for the iPhone 16 Pro.

iPhone 15 Pro

The video side saw improvements in the iPhone 15 Pro. For a start, it offered 4K 60fps Dolby Vision HDR, 4K HDR Cinematic Mode at 60fps, a 2.8K 60fps Action Mode, and 1080p 240fps Slo-mo.

Like the Pro Max, the iPhone 15 Pro also allowed videographers to film 4K 60fps ProRes video directly to an external drive, using the USB-C port instead of internal storage.

The video improvements didn't end there, as it also supported log video recording and the Academy Color Encoding System.

For the iPhone 16 Pro, Apple has upped the frame rates, meaning you can record 120fps 4K Dolby Vision, and in ProRes if you record externally. You still have 1080p 240fps Slo-mo, but now you have the 120fps 4K option available too.

Around the front of the iPhone 15 Pro, the TrueDepth camera array was based around a 12MP sensor. It had an f/1.9 aperture, Focus Pixels, and a six-element lens, along with the depth mapping capabilities of the array.

You again could use Portrait Mode with Portrait Lighting, with it also supporting the videography capabilities of the rear cameras. That included 4K 60fps ProRes, 4K 60fps Dolby Vision, 4K HDR Cinematic mode at 30fps, and Log and ACES support.

This is completely identical in the iPhone 16 Pro, with no changes at all. The 4K recording is also still capped at 60fps, with Slo-mo at 1080p 120fps.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Processing and Performance

As part of Apple's usual annual chip update for the Pro models, the iPhone 15 Pro gained the A17 Pro. The first 3-nanometer chip, it boasted a six-core CPU with two performance cores and four efficiency cores.

It also had a six-core GPU with hardware-accelerated ray tracing as well as dedicated onboard AV1 decoding.

The Neural Engine was also upgraded so that its 16 cores could perform up to 35 trillion operations per second. This allowed the iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max to be the first to support Apple Intelligence .

The A18 Pro has a similar makeup, using a second-gen 3-nanometer production process and a new architecture with smaller transistors. The same two-performance, four-efficiency core setup is used for the CPU.

This time, the CPU is said by Apple to be 15% faster than the A17, while using 20% less power. There's also new ML accelerators, optimized for Apple Intelligence.

The GPU in the A18 Pro is again a six-core version, but it has a 20% boost over the A17 Pro. It can also handle hardware-accelerated ray tracing twice as fast.

The Neural Engine is still a 16-core model, but again it's "faster and more efficient" than the previous edition. This should certainly assist with the onboard Apple Intelligence processing, making tasks and queries run faster.

Despite Apple's proclamations, there's no way to actually directly compare the two generations of chip. We're certain that the newer chip will be faster in many ways than the older one, but not necessarily by how much.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Connectivity

The iPhone 15 Pro has 5G support covering the sub-6GHz and mmWave bands, with LTE as a backup.

If you happen to need help in a cellular blackspot, you can message for assistance using Emergency SOS via Satellite. If you're stuck but it's your car that's in trouble, there's also Roadside Assistance via Satellite.

This is all entirely the same in the iPhone 16 Pro.

The iPhone 15 Pro has Wi-Fi 6E support, a second-generation Ultra Wideband chip, and Thread support. The iPhone 16 Pro tweaks this a bit by supporting Wi-Fi 7.

With the iPhone 15 Pro, Apple shifted the iPhone line from using Lightning for physical connectivity over to USB-C. Aside from using a connection the rest of the industry uses, it also upped the data transfer rate to 10Gbps.

You still have USB-C in the iPhone 16 Pro, with the same data transfer rate.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Power and Battery

The iPhone 15 Pro's battery can last for up to 23 hours of local video playback, or up to 20 hours if it's streamed from the Internet. In terms of audio playback, it can manage up to 75 hours.

For the iPhone 16 Pro, a combination of a bigger battery and power efficiencies means the newer model can manage up to 27 hours of local video playback, 22 hours streamed. Audio playback lengthens to 85 hours.

Recharging is performed via USB-C or wirelessly on the iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro. Qi occurs at up to 7.5W, with Qi2 and MagSafe at 15W on the iPhone 15 Pro, 25W on the iPhone 16 Pro.

Fast charging is available when using the USB-C port, with the iPhone 15 Pro able to hit 50% charge within 30 minutes using a 20W or higher charger.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Other Features

The iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro are both rated at IP68 for water and dust resistance. This means they can withstand depths of up to 6 meters (19.7 feet) for up to half an hour, so it will be fine if they're splashed or used in the rain.

The Crash Detection feature of the iPhone 15 Pro returns for the iPhone 16 Pro, offering protection if you're involved in a car accident.

The iPhone 15 Pro did away with the side toggle, used to mute the ringer. Instead, the Action Button allowed users to do the same thing, or something completely different if the user configured it.

That has made a return in the iPhone 15 Pro, but alongside a new button: Camera Control.

Located on the side and intended to work similar to a camera's shutter button, it's a capacitive button that can do more than just take a shot. Using it, users can also swipe sideways to adjust different camera settings, instead of repeatedly tapping the screen.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Capacity, Color, and Pricing

The iPhone 15 Pro launched at $999 for a 128GB capacity, something the Pro Max didn't offer. You could also get a 256GB version for $1,099, 512GB for 1,299, and 1TB for $1,499. It was sold in four colors: Natural Titanium, Blue Titanium, Black Titanium, and White Titanium.

The pricing of the iPhone 16 Pro is identical. As for the color scheme, the Blue Titanium has been switched out for a Desert Titanium.

You can check out the latest iPhone prices in our Price Guide.

iPhone 16 Pro vs iPhone 15 Pro - Worth the Upgrade?

The iPhone 15 Pro was a bit of a letdown on its release, because of the rear camera's lack of Tetraprism. This is something that has been resolved for the iPhone 16 Pro, at least.

What you get over the iPhone 15 Pro in the iPhone 16 Pro is that better Telephoto optical zoom, the upgraded Ultra Wide camera sensor, and the new Camera Control. That higher 4K 120fps video option is a big improvement, which should interest would-be videographers a lot.

The screen size change does bring the iPhone 16 Pro close to the midpoint between the iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max's displays. If the iPhone 15 Pro felt big enough and the Pro Max too big for a user, the iPhone 16 Pro could fall into the latter camp for some people.

The iPhone 16 Pro's upgrade and feature parity with the Pro Max are certainly welcomed here, but it doesn't seem quite enough for an iPhone 15 Pro owner to make the jump. Part of that is due to Apple Intelligence.

While Apple Intelligence is generally marketed as an iPhone 16 improvement, the iPhone 15 Pro is actually able to use the features too. This does rule out Apple Intelligence as a gettable feature for would-be iPhone 15 Pro upgraders.

Even so, Apple Intelligence is still a potential draw for upgraders from earlier models. There's a lot here for users of the two-year-old iPhone 14 Pro, or the three-year-old iPhone 13 Pro , to seriously consider trading up.

Where to buy the iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro

Wireless carriers are offering iPhone deals on last-generation devices, with trade-in offers providing up to $1,000 in bill credits. You can jump straight to the latest offers from the carriers below:

• AT&T Wireless - up to $1,000 off iPhones*
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Get a 10% cash bonus (up to $30) with exclusive promo code INSIDERTEN.

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I believe all Apple Intelligence features will also be available in 15 Pro? 

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A complete guide to all of Apple's new bands for the Apple Watches

Apple's impressive new Apple Watch Series 10 and Apple Watch Ultra 2 come with an equally impressive new lineup of bands. Here's a look at all the bands Apple released to coordinate with its new watches and all the new colors available for existing watch styles.

The iPhone 16 Pro is here, already making a big impression with a camera upgrade and size changes. Here's how the 2023 iPhone 15 Pro compares.

iOS 18 beta code suggests wireless earbuds with a heart-rate sensor are in the works

Code found in Apple's latest beta of iOS 18 contains a reference to unreleased AirPods Pro or Beats with a heart-rate sensor.

Protect your iPhone 16 Pro with Spigen's updated case lineup, which features cool teardown designs and aramid fiber options.

Apple has a bunch of new iPhone 16 & iPhone 16 Pro cases

Along with Apple's introduction of the new iPhone 16 family, it has released an array of new cases. Here is a guide to all the new cases from Apple.

iPhone 16 gets immensely faster wireless charging, if you have the right MagSafe cord

Apple's iPhone 16 has far faster MagSafe charging than previous models, assuming you get the newest charger. Here's what you need to know.

Sleep apnea detection is the most impactful upgrade to the Apple Watch

Sleep apnea is estimated to affect more than one billion people worldwide and is linked to a decline in cardiac function, an increased risk for diabetes, and an overall lower quality of life — here's how the Apple Watch hopes to fix that.

After almost four years, Apple has finally updated the AirPods Max. This is what has changed in Apple's premium headphones.

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