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College & Research Libraries News  ( C&RL News ) is the official newsmagazine and publication of record of the Association of College & Research Libraries,  providing articles on the latest trends and practices affecting academic and research libraries.

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2021–22 ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee

Top trends in academic libraries

A review of the trends and issues

This article summarizes trending topics in academic librarianship from the past two years–a time of tremendous upheaval and change, including a global pandemic, difficult reflections concerning racial justice, and war between nation states. Rapid changes and uncertainty from these events have created a significant amount of shifts to academic libraries, higher education, and society in general. Such shifts have yielded new perspectives and innovations in how librarians approach delivering services, supporting student success, managing staff and physical spaces, embracing new technology, and managing data. This report attempts to provide a snapshot of developments worth noting.

COVID-related trends

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic library services has been significant, and these changes, in many cases, are ongoing. The issues identified below transcend the period covered by this review as libraries face a fundamental shift that will extend far into the future and beyond the pandemic. In early 2020, nearly all academic 1 and public 2 libraries closed temporarily and shifted towards virtual services. Despite in-person closures, libraries continued online services, 3 kept their communities informed, 4 and adopted innovative collaborations 5 and technologies to adapt to changing circumstances. These closures and the institutional changes that enabled them had a significant and diverse impact on librarianship, including rethinking long-held paradigms, 6 increased professional stress around institutional budgets, 7 and the ability to work remotely. 8 The pandemic also surfaced long-standing issues of inequality 9 and inaccessibility 10 in libraries. Despite the challenges raised by closures, libraries continued to deliver core services and creative solutions, including virtual reference with increasing complexity, 11 a renewed focus on digital literacy with the rise in online learning, 12 and born-digital collection development. 13

Library staffing challenges

Since early 2020, the pandemic and racial justice protests have drawn increased attention to several trends in library and higher education staffing. Inequities between librarians and other library staff were heightened. One study found many lower-income and lower-status staff were required to work in-person to a greater degree than librarians and administrators. 14 The contradiction between the necessity of these “frontline” and “essential” positions and their lower-rates of financial compensation has become difficult to ignore. Such staff, often quite ably, perform duties that had previously been the purview of credentialed librarians. 15 Additionally, the Bureau of Labor Statistics note that while workers of color represent 25% of the higher education workforce, more than half of individuals who lost jobs during COVID-19 have been nonwhite. 16 Lingering pandemic impacts, such as budget cuts and hiring freezes, have led to inadequate staffing, 17 even as services have largely returned to pre-pandemic levels. Of note is that, partly in response to university pandemic austerity measures, Northwestern University’s library workers announced their unionization with SEIU Local 73, which has been recognized by the university. 18, 19

Low morale continues to be an area of concern in librarianship, 20, 21 particularly for librarians of color, nonlibrarian staff, 22 and members of underrepresented groups. Stress from caretaking responsibilities for workers who lost childcare or other forms of support during the pandemic has exacerbated issues of esprit de corps and well-being in the workplace. For academic librarians, who are pre-tenure or otherwise expected to contribute publications and presentations to library scholarship (and already at a high-stress time in their careers), 23 the pandemic has created additional challenges to those with caretaking responsibilities, particularly women. 24, 25 These workers already experience burnout at higher rates. 26 Future research concerning recruitment and retention may also investigate the benefits and repercussions of library staff working remotely and wanting to continue doing so.

Space utilization

COVID has thrust the physical spaces of libraries, along with most campus facilities, into the forefront of faculty, staff, and student consciousness over the past two years. Balancing demands for the use of current spaces, increases to construction pricing that may extend projects into 2023, and aligning current capital budgets to this reality continue to impact decisions about how existing spaces will evolve in the near future.

Beyond maintaining appropriate distancing or providing adequate sanitization, librarians operating physical facilities are asking questions, including whether and how to operate in-person collaboration spaces safely (for both users and staff), how to provide resources consistently during waves of openings and closures, and how to assess and address patron and staff levels of comfort interacting in a physical space. Rapidly changing methods of service delivery, information access, and materials storage are continuing to generate questions that may possibly reshape the reliance on centralized, in-person settings as more options move online or become embedded externally. 27

Simultaneously, key trends in library design continue to be reassessed and may help inform librarians in the near future. For instance, one study from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln argues that recent trends in library space have overcommitted to collaborative learning spaces at the cost of providing valued space for intensive academic work. 28 Daejin Kim, Sheila Bosch, and Jae Hwa Lee investigated, pre-COVID, how collaboration spaces are used and found that furniture or spaces intended for multiple people are frequently being used by single individuals. 29 Similar studies looking at more nuanced patron needs find that, much like evolving workplace trends, users want a wide variety of space types with different acoustical, privacy, and technology needs according to the work undertaken. 30 Recent studies in other academic settings point to taking this moment of change to pilot new layouts or space configurations that align better with current service needs and that are more activity-based rather than based on type of occupant or user. 31 A multiplicity of trends dominate discussions surrounding space. Accordingly, it is clear that local institutional factors ranging from budget to different use cases will continue to influence how space is allocated, constructed, and used.

Collaborative collections and growth of shared print

While there is a long history of libraries working together to preserve and provide access to rich collections, collaboration around shared print programs has rapidly accelerated in recent years. By creating a collaborative collection, which “elevates the concept of a library collection to scales above a single institution, extending its boundaries to encompass the resources concentrated among a group of libraries,” 32 these programs help research libraries to fulfill their mission to preserve the scholarly record in an era of changing usage, limited funding, and space constraints.

With an initial focus on print journals, shared print programs have matured and evolved to include print monographs more recently. According to Susan Stearns and Alison Wohlers, 33 “over 300 academic and research libraries in the U.S. and Canada participate in some form of shared print program, committing to archive or retain tens of millions of monographs and hundreds of thousands of serial and journal print titles.” A major factor in the growth of shared print monograph initiatives was the launch of the HathiTrust Shared Print Program, which “has now secured commitments on more than 5.4 million individual titles held in the HathiTrust Digital Library.” 34

However, as these programs have grown, so has the need for more coordination, standards, and infrastructure. Several groups have been launched in recent years to tackle these issues. In 2015, the Rosemont Shared Print Alliance was founded to coordinate among regional shared print journal programs in order to archive more titles and ensure sufficient copies are preserved. 35 As a complementary organization, the Partnership for Shared Book Collections was founded in 2019 to collaborate around shared print monographs, aiming to “reduce the cost of retaining the scholarly record” and “develop and promote evidence-based best practices.” 36 Recently the California Digital Library, the Center for Research Libraries, and HathiTrust announced a collaboration around shared print infrastructure intended to develop standards, workflows, and tools to support collaborative efforts and embed shared print work into the lifecycle of collection development and management. 37 In addition, groups such as the Big Ten Academic Alliance, the University of California Libraries, and the Canadian Collective Print Strategy Working Group have embarked on their own initiatives to take more strategic and intentional approaches to collection development and management in light of their shared print collaborations. 38

Finally, it is worth noting that controlled digital lending (CDL) is an emerging trend where libraries “circulate temporary digital copies of print books they own in a one-to-one ratio of ‘loaned to owned,’ removing the print copy from circulation while the digital copy is in use.” 39 ACRL has signed a statement in support of CDL. 40 CDL advocates argue that reasonable interpretation of copyright law should insulate libraries from legal exposure; however, the legality of CDL remains an open question. 41

Open everything

The open access (OA) movement to “make scholarly works both freely available and reusable” continues to be important for librarians, educators, and administrators in higher education. 42 Yet, as Ángel Borrego, Lluís Anglada, and Ernest Abadal, state, the “landscape of scholarly communication is characterized by increasing costs and limited access to research output.” 43 Numerous barriers exist ranging from economics to policy that prevent wide-scale adoption in higher education of executing scholarly communication strategies that would be considered open access. Issues with increasing subscription costs for academic journals are well documented. 44 While librarians typically report favorable beliefs about OA there is a noted lack of OA policy. 45 A report from Hannah Rosen and Jill Grogg, states “while both formal and informal policies exist. . .” regarding OA scholarship, data, and open educational resources, most institutions do not have policies in place “resulting in a scatter-shot approach to open content of all types and less than cohesive institutional strategies.” 46

In addition to further opportunities regarding OA training and outreach, librarians also have opportunities to help with the “identification of, and sometimes deposit into the institutional repository of works that are sitting outside the peer reviewed literature,” often called gray literature. 47 Barriers continue to exist for accessing and using open access information. Some scholars are concerned that open access materials are not understandable to the general public, defeating the point of making such materials open and accessible in the first place. 48 For such reasons there is an increasing call for articles to use a “significance statement,” which describes an article concisely in plain language understandable to a lay audience. 49

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided opportunities for various types of OA content to become more widely available and served as “proof of concept” for what is possible. 50 For instance, OA resources were viewed as important for providing off-campus access to library materials in some developing countries. 51 Some publishers recognized the public health importance of providing timely information related to COVID-19 and committed to open access publication of articles relating to it. 52 Worthy of note were the use of preprint servers by scientists, which “in effect [were] crowdsourcing rapid expert peer-review.” 53 Europe developed an open access publishing initiative—Plan S—in 2018 with support from national research agencies and 12 European countries. As of 2020, notable journals like Nature announced they would facilitate Plan S committing to publishing with full open access in the future. 54

The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) tracks “Big Deal” cancellations, which continue to occur. For instance, Purdue University canceled a $3.3 million contract for 2020 opting instead for a one-year, title-by-title contract for 2021, while New Mexico State University pointed out both inflationary journal prices and COVID-19 considerations while cutting their collections budget by $800,000 for fiscal year 2021. 55 Some universities and consortia are seeking “transformative agreements,” which promote open access publishing by their authors and allow those authors to maintain copyright. Transformative agreements facilitate a more transparent journal licensing process and aim to shift the focus of “scholarly journal licensing from cost containment towards open access publication.” 56

Many facets of the OA movement continue to develop. As libraries continue more aggressive journal subscription negotiations, which may include transformative agreements, as well as possible Big Deal cancellations, 57 more questions will develop about the future of access to scholarly materials. This is multivariable including open data, open educational resources, and OA policies, tools, and advocacy. Combined with the results of unanticipated experiments born from COVID-19, OA continues to be a focal point for academic librarians and administrators.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly embedded in academic libraries tools and services. Pattern recognition, 58 AI-powered text recognition, transcription, and searching of historical documents 59 are prime examples that facilitate search and discovery. Keenious, cofunded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Union, is a research tool for document and writing analysis, attempting to make online research easier. 60 Cactus Communications (CACTUS) recently announced a new AI-powered tool, Paperpal Preflight, “to improve the scholarly publishing experience for researchers, peer reviewers, and journal editors” during the manuscript submission process. 61

The adoption of AI in virtual reference services provides a new online model for libraries by using “chatbots.” 62 Recent attempts to automate standard library operations, such as cataloging, through expert systems have focused on simpler tasks like descriptive cataloging. 63 A team of researchers from the National Library of Norway describes an experiment that uses AI methods to automatically group articles and assign Dewey Decimal numbers to aid in cataloging. 64

The Library of Congress is experimenting with neural networks and the use of computer vision. The intent is to create new online search prototypes that can sort through large amounts of data in new ways, such as examining and contextualizing millions of digitized items that humans could not do alone. 65 Other experimental work like the Newspaper Navigator aims to explore the visual and textual content via AI. 66 At Yale’s Digital Humanities Lab, data-mining techniques are used to illuminate the conventions of portraiture and other visual genres in the 19th century. 67 Leaders, such as Eun Seo Jo and Timnit Gebru, have drawn archives as a model for data collection and annotation in order to inform how decisions that surround fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics are addressed in machine learning systems. 68

In the Netherlands, concerns that surround data, information ethics, and data-driven public management have been captured under the Data Ethics Decision Aid (DEDA) to use a deliberative rather than rule-based approach to ethical concerns and advance the development of responsible data practices. 69 It is also important to acknowledge cybersecurity concerns as AI becomes more and more embedded in systems routinely used in libraries. 70

While AI technologies could be harnessed to provide more tailored search results, monitor social distancing, and integrate the library into personal assistants, 71 it can also help academic libraries demonstrate real value to institutions if it is used judiciously. Asaf Tzachor et al. expressed concerns stemming from urgency in adopting these technologies along with the challenging ethical issues and risks that can arise in a crisis—the COVID-19 pandemic prevention and response is one example. 72 At the same time, AI’s potential has remained largely untapped among research libraries. A recent Ex Libris survey revealed that while nearly 80 percent of research librarians are exploring the use of AI and machine learning, only about 5 percent are currently leveraging the technology. 73

Higher education faces increased challenges with the surging interest in big data. The need to invest in training skilled employees, increase repository capacity, and assign and clarify responsibilities 74 remains critical as libraries and librarians continue to take on leadership roles 75 and provide data services. Those vanguard libraries that were the first to offer services have begun to evaluate programs, 76 services, 77 and tools 78 and make adjustments focusing both on usability for the owner of the data to upload and share data sets and discoverability of those data sets for the end user. The body of literature associated with research data management services in libraries and skill development has reached the point where literature reviews and scoping reviews are looking back in time to draw conclusions and offer suggestions to advance the field and the libraries’ role. 79

Data mining proves itself as an emerging field as well, especially when linked to the Internet of Things (IoT). A recent study using both Clarivate Analytics Web of Science and Sciverse Scopus revealed that knowledge discovery in databases are paving the way to make data increasingly more meaningful. 80 Along these same lines, data analytic methods are constantly changing with the ever-increasing volume of data generated. As a result, “cloud-based AI activities are expected to increase five-fold by 2023,” 81 which could translate into a greater capacity “to store data in a cost-effective manner and glean more actionable insight from IoT data.” 82

Data curation remains an overarching role for the library. 83 The term active curation, involvement of the curator from collection and development of the data set to its final analysis and storage, 84 will continue to expand as librarians become more embedded in the data life cycle. Additionally, institutions of higher education continue to show a growing interest in data science education. Based on the study conducted at Purdue University in 2017 to examine the roles of academic libraries to support data science education curriculum, results showed that “hard-core” scientific courses for third- and fourth-year STEM students were most common as opposed to offerings in data-oriented skills, such as data management, data ethics, and data communications. 85 At schools of information, a group of instructors who teach data curation have expressed the importance of integrating both research and teaching in the curriculum. The objective would give students opportunities to develop core competencies, learn about data librarianship and practices to support preservation and access, and broaden their professional horizons by gaining a greater awareness with multidimensional problems of working with data. 86

Finally, in light of the growing prominence of data, data visualization skills continue to be highly valued, and visual results can be interpreted as a research product and form of expression. Libraries are taking a greater interest in data visualization as they seek to tell their own story, including assessment, value of the library, collection analysis, and internal capacity building. 87

Critical librarianship

Critical librarianship continues to be an important theoretical perspective for information professionals. Rooted in critical theory (originally denoting a group of Marxist philosophers but over time scholars in many fields now employ critical theory or critical approaches), critical librarianship challenges traditional concepts in librarianship. 88 For instance, critical librarianship argues that libraries are not neutral and challenges librarians to take active steps toward antiracist and antioppresive practices both for the benefit of users but also for the benefit of the profession itself. 89 As libraries continue to aim for accessibility and more welcoming spaces, scholars familiar with critical librarianship, urge library workers to take meaningful action to include its teachings in their daily practice–referred to as praxis. 90 With little diversity in the library professions, 91 and many critiques of popular approaches to information literacy, for instance the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education’s lack of acknowledgement of the underlying power structures in which academia operates, 92 critical librarianship argues that there are numerous opportunities for librarians to fight inequity, racism, sexism, and other problems through concrete action.

One facet of critical librarianship and critical pedagogy is critical information literacy (CIL). CIL literature discusses why and how information professionals should ask questions about power dynamics within academia, equal access to information, and the economic incentives around how information and data are created, stored, and used. CIL scholarship also critiques academia itself. As with other teaching and learning theories, CIL is constantly evolving and must be adapted for students in different course levels and in different course subjects. 93 Margaret Rose Torrell examined implementing CIL when using a writing across the curriculum approach with undergraduates, and highlighted the benefits of having more than a one-shot session with students. 94 Marcia Rapchak employed CIL with graduate students who were “eager to engage in discussion and material,” such as case studies, essays, and self assessments. 95 L Sofia Y. Leung and Jorge R. López-McKnight taught LIS students and found that including and centering intersectionalities such as race and gender in their pedagogical approach allowed them to be better teachers. 96 Erin Fields and Adair Harper incorporated CIL and open pedagogy into a university course and found that by using nonacademic sources and student work, their students were more empowered to work within and assess the current information landscape. 97

Critical approaches to librarianship and information literacy will likely continue to be an area of exploration for LIS scholars.

We foresee numerous challenges in the next few years, including potential budget reductions as well as questions about returning to the physical office after an extended period of virtual work. We are also excited that new opportunities for collaboration, additional interest in critical perspectives, and incorporation of different approaches to manage shared collections will allow academic librarians to continue leading the way in student success and learning, organizational impact, and rigorous scholarly inquiry.

• Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe and Christine Wolff-Eisenberg, “Academic Library Response to COVID19,” Ithaka S+R, March 13, 2020, https://sr.ithaka.org/blog/academic-library-response-to-covid19/ .
• Ting Wang and Brady Lund, “Announcement Information Provided by United States’ Public Libraries during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic,” Public Library Quarterly 39, no. 4 (2020): 283–94, https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2020.1764325 .
• Marie L. Radford, Laura Costello, and Kaitlin Montague, “Surging Virtual Reference Services: COVID-19 a Game Changer,” College & Research Libraries News 82, no. 3 (2021), https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.3.106 .
• Bibi M. Alajmi and Dalal Albudaiwi, “Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Where Do Public Libraries Stand?” P ublic Library Quarterly 40, no. 6 (2021): 540–56, https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2020.1827618 .
• Liladhar R. Pendse, “Academic Libraries and Research in Flux: Global Conversations in Times of COVID-19,” College & Research Libraries News 82, no. 1 (2021): 36, https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.1.36 .
• Sara Jones, “Optimizing Public Library Resources in a Post COVID-19 World,” Journal of Library Administration 60, no. 8 (2020): 951–57, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1820281 .
• Lily Todorinova, “One Year In: A Survey of Public Services Librarians on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Journal of Library Administration 61, no. 7 (October 3, 2021): 776–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2021.1972728 .
• Anna R. Craft, “Remote Work in Library Technical Services: Connecting Historical Perspectives to Realities of the Developing COVID-19 Pandemic,” Serials Review 46, no. 3 (2020): 227–31, https://doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2020.1806658 .
• Amelia N. Gibson et al., “Struggling to Breathe: COVID-19, Protest and the LIS Response,” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion an International Journal 40, no. 1 (2020): 74–82, https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-07-2020-0178 .
• J. J. Pionke, “COVID-19, Accessibility, and Libraries: A Call to Action,” College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 8 (2020): 398, https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.8.398 .
• Raeda Anderson, Katherine Fisher, and Jeremy Walker, “Library Consultations and a Global Pandemic: An Analysis of Consultation Difficulty during COVID-19 across Multiple Factors,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 47, no. 1 (2021): 102273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102273 .
• Konstantina Martzoukou, “Academic Libraries in COVID-19: A Renewed Mission for Digital Literacy,” Library Management, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-09-2020-0131 .
• Anna L. Neatrour, Jeremy Myntti, and Rachel J Wittmann, “Documenting Contemporary Regional History: The Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection,” Digital Library Perspectives ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print (2020), https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-04-2020-0025 .
• Lindsey Wharton and Emily Zoe Mann, “Transitioning Online Reference Staffing Models: Assessing and Balancing Needs of Patrons and Practitioners,” T he Reference Librarian 61, no. 1 (2020): 15–24, https://doi.org/10.1080/02763877.2019.1678217 .
• Kevin R. McClure, “Higher Ed, We’ve Got a Morale Problem—And a Free T-Shirt Won’t Fix It—EdSurge News,” EdSurge, September 27, 2021, https://www.edsurge.com/news/2021-09-27-higher-ed-we-ve-got-a-morale-problem-and-a-free-t-shirt-won-t-fix-it .
• Isabel Funk, “Northwestern University Library Workers Union Seeks Recognition,” The Daily Northwestern (blog), October 15, 2021, https://dailynorthwestern.com/2021/10/15/campus/northwestern-university-library-workers-union-seeks-formal-recognition/ .
• Colleen Flaherty, “When Librarians Unionize,” Inside Higher Ed, January 12, 2022, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2022/01/12/northwestern-librarians-unionize-following-furloughs-cuts .
• Christina Heady et al., “Contributory Factors to Academic Librarian Turnover: A Mixed-Methods Study,” Journal of Library Administration 60, no. 6 (August 17, 2020): 579–99, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1748425 .
• Ann Glusker, Celia Emmelhainz, Natalia Estrada, and Bonita Dyess, “Viewed as Equals”: The Impacts of Library Organizational Cultures and Management on Library Staff Morale,” Journal of Library Administration 62, no. 2 (2022): 153-189, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2022.2026119 .
• Ann Glusker et al., “‘Viewed as Equals’: The Impacts of Library Organizational Cultures and Management on Library Staff Morale,” Journal of Library Administration 62, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 153–89, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2022.2026119 .
• Laura Cameron, Stephanie Pierce, and Julia Conroy, “Occupational Stress Measures of Tenure-Track Librarians,” Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 53, no. 4 (2021): 551–58, https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620967736 .
• Alessandra Minello, “The Pandemic and the Female Academic,” Nature, April 17, 2020, 1135–39, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01135-9 .
• Vicki L. Baker, “Women in Higher Education: Re-Imagining Leadership in the Academy in Times of Crisis,” The Journal of Faculty Development 35, no. 1 (2021): 57–62.
• Jason Martin, “Job Satisfaction of Professional Librarians and Library Staff,” Journal of Library Administration 60, no. 4 (May 2020): 365–82, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1721941 .
• Lindsay Blake, Darra Ballance, Kathy Davies, Julie K. Gaines, Kim Mears, Peter Shipman, Maryska Connolly-Brown, and Vicki Burchfield, “Patron Perception and Utilization of an Embedded Librarian Program,” Journal of the Medical Library Association 104, no. 3 (2016): 226-230, https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.104.3.008 .
• Erica Lynn DeFrain, Jennifer Thoegersen, and Miyoung Hong, “Standing Out or Blending In: Academic Libraries in the Crowded Informal Learning Space Ecosystem,” College & Research Libraries 83, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 45, https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.83.1.4 5.
• Daejin Kim, Sheila Bosch, and Jae Hwa Lee, “Alone with Others: Understanding Physical Environmental Needs of Students within an Academic Library Setting,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 46, no. 2 (2020): 102098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2019.102098 .
• Camille Andrews, Sara E. Wright, and Howard Raskin, “Library Learning Spaces: Investigating Libraries and Investing in Student Feedback,” Journal of Library Administration 56, no. 6 (2016): 647-672, https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2015.1105556 .
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• Brian Lavoie, Lorcan Dempsey, and Constance Malpas, “Reflections on Collective Collections,” College & Research Libraries 81, no. 6 (2020): 981–96, https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.6.981 .
• Susan Stearns and Alison Wohlers, “Shared Print on the Threshold: Looking Back and Forging the Future,” Collaborative Librarianship 12, no. 2 (2020): 159, https://digitalcommons.du.edu/collaborativelibrarianship/vol12/iss2/5/ .
• Heather Weltin and Natalie Fulkerson, “Old Texts, New Networks: HathiTrust and the Future of Shared Print,” in Transforming Print: Collection Development and Management for Our Connected Future (ALA Editions, 2021), 65–79, http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/169166 .
• Susan Stearns and Alison Wohlers, “Shared Print on the Threshold: Looking Back and Forging the Future,” Collaborative Librarianship 12, no. 2 (2020): 159–69, https://digitalcommons.du.edu/collaborativelibrarianship/vol12/iss2/5/ .
• Lisa Peet, “Big Ten Academic Alliance Plans BIG Collection,” Library Journal, March 2021, https://www.libraryjournal.com/?detailStory=big-ten-academic-alliance-plans-big-collection-across-15-libraries ; Canadian Collective Print Strategy Working Group, “Final Report of the Canadian Collective Print Strategy Working Group,” Canadian Association of Research Libraries, September 2020, https://www.carl-abrc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CCPSWG_final_report_EN.pdf .
• Association of Research Libraries, “Association of Research Libraries Signs Statement in Support of Controlled Digital Lending,” accessed March 31, 2022, https://www.arl.org/news/association-of-research-libraries-signs-statement-in-support-of-controlled-digital-lending/ .
• Chad Currier and Alissa Centivany, “Controlled Digital Lending” Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (2021): 80–91, https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.438 .
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• Danny Kingsley, “The ‘Impact Opportunity’ for Academic Libraries through Grey Literature,” The Serials Librarian 79, no. 3–4 (November 16, 2020): 281–89, https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2020.1847744 .
• May R. Berenbaum, “On COVID-19, Cognitive Bias, and Open Access,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (January 12, 2021), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026319118 .
• Willa Tavernier, “COVID-19 Demonstrates the Value of Open Access: What Happens Next?,” College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 5 (May 2020), https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.5.226 .
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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, tracking the research trends in the library and information science: a case study of india.

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication

ISSN : 2514-9342

Article publication date: 14 June 2022

Issue publication date: 9 January 2024

The study aims to present an insight into the research landscape of Library and Information Science (LIS) by India using a bibliometric visualization tool. The study analyses the research growth and trends, highly cited articles, productive publication titles, institutional and country collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection for a period of 20 years and analysed through VOSviewer, a data visualization software.

The results indicate that the overall annual contributions are increasing, although with uneven and slow growth from 2001 to 2014. However, the highest contributions and impact is witnessed over the past few years. All the top 10 cited papers are related to the area of information processing and management. The visualization technique made it clear that the area of research has made a transition from traditional concepts of library and information to novel ones involving big data, machine learning, altmetrics, etc. Also, the Indian Institute of Technology System, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Indian Institute of Management System have made the highest contributions. Furthermore, India shares maximum collaborations with the USA, followed by England and China.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study would help readers to gain understanding about the contribution of India for the development of the LIS. It would also help researchers to identify the hotspots and left out areas of research in the Indian context that require further investigation, thus would help in policy decisions and future research. Furthermore, researchers will be sensitized about the network visualizations that can also help them to get connected with the peers. The study can also help the journals to recognize the trending topics, which will provide the researchers with the opportunities to work on the same. Funding agencies can also be benefitted by the findings of the current study as they will be informed about the research areas which need to be funded.

Originality/value

There are not many research studies that highlight the research trends in the area of LIS from India and visualize the collaboration among institutions and countries. The study tries to showcase the research trends and collaborative frameworks in the field of LIS in terms of network visualization.

• Bibliometrics
• Data visualization
• Research output-India
• Library and Information Science research
• Network visualization
• Scientometrics
• Research trends

Acknowledgements

Conflict of interest: There is no potential conflict of interest in the research.

Gupta, S. and Gul, S. (2024), "Tracking the research trends in the library and information science: a case study of India", Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication , Vol. 73 No. 1/2, pp. 202-218. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-11-2021-0184

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Research paper topics in library and information science

A systematic approach is best when undertaking research in the library and information science. Not only should you have an in-depth knowledge of major themes in the area, but you should also be aware of current research methods and topics of influence, such as library systems, cooperation between libraries, and the flow of information between libraries.

Finding a good research paper topic can greatly depend upon your interests and what you took away from your coursework. Paying attention in classes and taking adequate notes makes it easier to assimilate that knowledge into a coherent research paper topic. Take a look at the following research paper topics for some ideas:

• A critical analysis of student attitudes towards cataloguing and classification in college campus libraries
• The Impact of Public Libraries at the state level
• The implementation of information and communication technology in academic libraries in Brazil
• Evaluating the effect of feminization and professionalization on librarianship
• The challenges involved in running private libraries in Nigeria
• Defining comparative and international library and information science
• An assessment of international cultural exchange through libraries
• The role of international librarianship in promoting freedom of information and expression
• International issues faced by librarians and information science professionals with regard to the knowledge society
• Exploring the relationship between government schools and public libraries in the context of South Asia
• The importance of resource-sharing in an international library network: bridging gaps using modern technology
• Tackling indigenous knowledge by adopting innovative tools and strategies
• The influence of library aid in developing countries during globalization
• A critical comparison of American librarianship and information science research in European countries
• Learnings from major book acquisitions in American academic libraries
• The expanding purview of American ideas in German public libraries
• The British Council and its critical role in building bridges across the developing world

Browsing through sample topics in library and information science can help you brainstorm your own ideas more effectively. Take the time to scan such resources and choose a topic that you can convincingly discuss and analyze. A good source for potential research paper topics and paper help is mypaperwriter.com , also papers written by past students as well as reputed works in the field.

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Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Global research trends and hot topics on library and information science: a bibliometric analysis.

Sirous Panahi Associate Professor in Librarianship and Medical Information Department , School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahshid lotfi , School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Follow Ali Ouchi , School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran university of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Follow

Document Type

Background and objective : One of the approaches to represent scientific publications in a field of science is to determine research trends and hot topics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the research trends on the Library and Information Science (LIS) in the Scopus database during 2011-2020 and specify the hot topics in this field from July 2020 to July 2021.

Materials and Methods : This study used scientometric techniques. The research population consisted of all papers in the field of LIS from July 2011 to July 2021. The data were collected from the Scopus database. The results were limited to 2011-2020 for determining the research trends in the field of LIS and from July 2020 to July 2021 for specifying the hot topics in this field. Data were analyzed using the word co-occurrence and social network analysis techniques, and UCINet, NetDraw, and VOSviewer software were used to draw scientific maps and identify core topics and individuals.

Results : The keywords "Systematic Review" (frequency=531) and "Bibliometrics" (frequency=51) had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. "Libraries and information technology" (n=151), "research methods" (n=70), and "databases" (n=23) were the three important topic clusters in the study area, in which the United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the three most active countries, respectively. The Department of Library and Information Science, University of London, with 71 documents, and the Department of Information Management, University of Punjab, with 55 documents, had the most significant contribution of article publication among the influential institutions. Moreover, Zhang, Yut, and Wang, Liying each with 27 documents, and Li, Xiano with 24 documents were three active and influential authors in this field. In addition, "systematic review", "diffusion pattern", and "bibliometric" were also three hot topics.

Conclusion : This study revealed that the orientation of the LIS research is going from traditional topics toward novel and emerging technologies. The results of this study can provide valuable information to researchers in LIS at the domestic and international levels.

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Home » Blog » List of Interesting Library and Information Science Project Topics & Ideas for Beginners

List of Interesting Library and Information Science Project Topics & Ideas for Beginners

Library and information science project topics & ideas.

Library and Information Science — We have developed a compelling list of interesting Library and Information Science research project topics. These topics, when adequately executed, are guaranteed to get you a good grade in your final year project.

1. Strategies for Enhancing Information Services Delivery Using Digital Library System in Federal Universities in South-East Nigeria.

2. Utilization of Reference Resources among Postgraduate Students of Federal University Libraries in South East Nigeria.

3. Accessibility and Utilization of Legal Deposit Materials in National Library of Nigeria.

4. Internet Adoption in Federal University Libraries in South – East Nigeria.

5. Personnel Motivation and Job Performance in Public Libraries in South-South, Nigeria.

6. Consultancy Services among Academic Librarians in Three Nigerian Universities.

7. Comparative Study of Reference and Information Services in Academic Libraries in Ebonyi State of Nigeria.

8. Information Dissemination Strategies for Rural Development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

9. Classroom Environment and Resources Required for Meeting the Information Needs of Students with Hearing Impairment in Nigerian Federal Universities.

10. Use of Library Outreach Services for Effective Service Delivery to Communities in Selected Public Libraries in South East Nigeria.

11. Utilization of Information Resources and Services in Medical Libraries in Enugu State.

12. Electronic Records Management (ERM) in Three Oil and Gas Companies in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.

13. Information and Conflict Management in Selected Oil-Producing Communities of the Niger Delta from 1992-2021.

14. Preservation and Conservation of Library Resources in Federal Universities in South-East Zone, Nigeria.

15. Time Management and Academic Performance of Library and Information Science Undergraduate Students in Two Federal Universities in the South-East, Nigeria.

16. Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) in Public Library Services in Nigeria.

17. Public Library Extension Services in Kogi and Benue States, Nigeria.

18. Application of Information and Communication Technology Resources in University-Based Law Library Services in South-East, Nigeria.

19. Availability and Management of Reference and Information Services in Selected University Libraries in Enugu State, Nigeria.

20. Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Reading Habits of Junior Secondary School Students in Nsukka Local Government.

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Dissertation Topics In Library And Information Science

Introduction.

Over and above, when you need to write something for a particular subject, it makes sense to consider what you want to write about. Writing may not be for you, but as a student, this is a very crucial requirement that you need to accomplish in order for you to graduate on time.

Are you in need of profound topics to write about in your scholarly thesis that has something to do with library and information science? It is true that deciding for the appropriate topic that you can consider for your paper is an exhausting stage. However, this can be outlasted if you will give it your best shot in researching for the best possible subjects that you know are worth talking about. Luckily, you can go over various offline and online resources and unveil from there the topic that precisely matches your writing skills.

Here is a collection of dissertation topics in Library and Information Science that you can delve into:

• Tackle change management in the library environment that is especially intended for organizational renewal
• The role and accreditation of the academic library in undergraduate, graduate as well as other teaching programs
• Benchmarking as an approach to obtain results; your library’s use of benchmarking and the outcomes, issues and opportunities
• Discuss collection development strategies for scholastic programs
• Time study or cost of services, programs and collections in the library, including the detailed description of the approaches and results at your library
• Developing a yearly scholastic agenda for the library. Discuss the benchmarks and performance measure
• Talk about electronic resources and their significant impact on scholastic library as the intellectual and social core of the school
• Development programs and fund raising for libraries
• Tackle the remarkable impact of cultural and demographic changes on library services
• Discuss the linkage between life-long learning and libraries: what this conveys and what are the necessary steps that need to be taken?
• The changing role of the library in the information economy
• Talk about the literacy programs carried out in the library environment

Students nowadays do not need to suffer from choosing what suitable topic to write about. If you are tasked to discuss something that is connected with library and information science, you will surely have countless of possible options to pick from. Take a look at the topic ideas provided in the list above and from there you can decide which one is right for you.

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Library and Information Sciences

Trends and Research

• Open Access
• © 2014

You have full access to this open access Book

• Chuanfu Chen 0 ,
• Ronald Larsen 1

School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

You can also search for this editor in PubMed   Google Scholar

School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA

• Explores the development, trends and research of library and information sciences (LIS) in the digital age
• Features cutting-edge research conducted by representatives from international organizations and established experts in LIS from China’s perspective
• Includes abundant case studies
• Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

328k Accesses

32 Citations

17 Altmetric

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About this book

This book explores the development, trends and research of library and information sciences (LIS) in the digital age. Inside, readers will find research and case studies written by LIS experts, educators and theorists, most of whom have visited China, delivered presentations there and drafted their articles based on feedback they received. As a result, readers will discover the LIS issues and concerns that China and the international community have in common.

The book first introduces the opportunities and challenges faced by the library and information literacy profession and discusses the key role of librarians in the future of information literacy education. Next, it covers trends in LIS education by examining the vision of the iSchool movement and detailing its practice in Syracuse University.

The book then covers issues in information seeking and retrieval by showing how visual data mining technology can be used to detect the relationship and pattern between terms on the Q&A of a social media site. It also includes a case study regarding tracing information seeking behavior and usage on a multimedia website.

Next, the book stresses the importance of building an academic accreditation framework for scientific datasets, explores the relationship between bibliometrics and university rankings, and details the birth and development of East Asian Libraries in North America.

Overall, the book offers readers insight into the changing nature of LIS, including the electronic dissemination of information, the impact of the Internet on libraries, the changing responsibilities of library professionals, the new paradigm for evaluating information, and characteristics and functions of today's library personnel.

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Forty-Five Years of LIS Research Evolution, 1971–2015: An Informetrics Study of the Author-Supplied Keywords

Forecasting the future of library and information science and its sub-fields

Discovering the structure and impact of the digital library evaluation domain.

• Information Literacy
• Information Profession
• Information Retrieval
• Informatrics
• LIS Education

Table of contents (11 chapters)

Front matter, information profession and information literacy, career and professional opportunities and challenges for librarians and other information professionals specializing in information literacy and lifelong learning.

• Forest Woody Horton

So What’s the Big Deal With Information Literacy in the United States?

• Alease J. Wright

A Group Discussion on Information Literacy

• Jason Phelps, Steve Van Tuyl, Gladys Joy E., Martin Julius V. Perez, Joseph M. Yap, Lihong Zhou et al.

Trends of Library and Information Sciences Education

Ischools & the ischool at syracuse university.

• Elizabeth D. Liddy

Information Seeking and Retrieval

Visual data mining in a q&a based social media website.

• Jin Zhang, Yiming Zhao

Information Seeking Behaviour and Usage on a Multi-media Platform: Case Study Europeana

• David Nicholas, David Clark

Exploratory Search: A Critical Analysis of the Theoretical Foundations, System Features, and Research Trends

• Tingting Jiang

Informatics

Scientific datasets: informetric characteristics and social utility metrics for biodiversity data sources.

• Peter Ingwersen

Knowledge Discovery of Complex Networks Research Literatures

• Fei-Cheng Ma, Peng-Hui Lyu, Xiao-Guang Wang

Bibliometrics and University Research Rankings Demystified for Librarians

• Ruth A. Pagell

Development of World Libraries

The development of east asian libraries in north america.

• Eugene W. Wu

Editors and Affiliations

Chuanfu Chen

Ronald Larsen

About the editors

Dr. Chuanfu Chen is a professor in LIS of School of Information Management, and the Dean of Undergraduate College of Wuhan University, China. Previously, he was the Dean of School of Information Management of Wuhan University. He received his BA, MA in Library Science and Ph.D. in International Law from Wuhan University. He was a visiting researcher at University of Washington, UC Berkeley, USA and The University Paris-Sud 11, France. He is the author of a great number of books, book chapters or journal articles in the field of LIS. He has won an array of awards including the 1st class of Awarded for Social Science Research in Chinese Universities and Colleges in 2006. He was approved Changjiang Scholar Professor by Ministry of Education of China He has a major interest and expertise in library development, information resources management and intellectual property. He is also a deputy President of China Society for Library Science.

Ronald Larsen is the Dean and professor of School of Information Sciences at University of Pittsburgh from 2002. Previously, he was Executive Director for Maryland Applied Information Technology Initiative from 1999 to 2002, and Deputy Director for Maryland Information and Network Dynamics (MIND) Lab, a component laboratory of the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) from Apr. 2001 to July 2002. He was One of University of Maryland 's Top 100 Grant Winners for 1999, 2000, and 2001. He has research interests in digital libraries, interoperability, scalability, cross-lingual information retrieval, and so on.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Library and Information Sciences

Book Subtitle : Trends and Research

Editors : Chuanfu Chen, Ronald Larsen

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54812-3

Publisher : Springer Berlin, Heidelberg

eBook Packages : Business and Economics , Business and Management (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) 2014

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-642-54811-6 Published: 13 October 2014

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-662-51490-0 Published: 24 September 2016

eBook ISBN : 978-3-642-54812-3 Published: 30 September 2014

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XIV, 177

Number of Illustrations : 19 b/w illustrations, 30 illustrations in colour

Topics : Business and Management, general , Library Science , Literacy

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Health Sciences - Basic Library Research

What is this guide for, health science research.

• Finding and Refining a Topic
• Background Information
• Finding Articles
• Books and other materials
• Advanced Health Science Searching (new page) This link opens in a new window
• APA Citation Guide (new page) This link opens in a new window

Use this guide to learn or review all the steps of doing library research (finding articles, books, data, etc.) There are detailed steps, with pictures, for searching in several of our major health sciences databases, including Medline, CINAHL, and SocIndex. Most databases search similarly, but the details of the options and features may be different.

If this is your first time, or want a comprehensive review, work through the tabs step by step from left to right. You can also go right to the section that you need help with.

If you have trouble, need more explanations, or just aren't finding what you need

ASK FOR HELP!

Rebecca Hedreen , Sciences Librarian, and Lisa Bier , Social Sciences Librarian, can help you with health science library research. See our contact information on the right of this page. Anyone at the Reference Desk on the first floor of the library (203-392-5732, text 'scsu' and question to 66746, or email [email protected]) can also help get you started or explain anything in this guide.

Most useful health science information is contained in Journal Articles. Books may give history, background, and policy considerations, but are not usually up to date. Newspaper and magazine articles give summaries and interpretations, but are prone to simplify (and sometimes distort) health research. Medical dictionaries and encyclopedias are also good for explaining basic concepts, but won't have the most up to date information or go in depth into the topics.

This guide will concentrate on finding journal articles, especially research articles, using several health topics as examples. You can work along with the guide by opening a separate window or tab in your browser to the library homepage now or using the links anywhere in this guide, which will open in a new window/tab. You will be able to switch back and forth between this guide and the databases, working through the steps.

• Finding and Refining your Topic Generally you will have some starting topic, though it may be a very broad one, like 'cancer' or 'exercise for kids'. This step will guide you through thinking about and refining your topic. There are also some suggestions if you have do not yet have a topic.
• Search Terms What do you use to search? Search terms are simply the words you type into the search boxes. Those words are processed by the search engines and databases to give you results. Different search engines and databases process search terms in different ways, so you may get different results with the same words on different sites. So it's a good idea to have alternate terms in mind. Also, if your topic is very broad or very narrow, additional or alternative search terms will help you get better results. Background Information also helps you find more terms and understand if you are using the terms properly.
• Finding Articles Choosing where to search is at least as important as using good search terms. You also need to interpret your results, get your hands on what you've found, and refine your search if your first try didn't work quite right (which is usually doesn't).
• Books and Other Materials Sometimes you do need something other than journal articles. Books are especially good for history, background, and the 'big picture' view of a topic. You might be looking for a video demostrating or explaining a topic. Or maybe you want to do a survey, or get data from a survey or other test. This step will cover some of the other common sources of health information.

If you have trouble, contact Rebecca Hedreen , Sciences Librarian, or Lisa Bier , Social Sciences Librarian (see right column), for help.

Sciences and Distance Librarian

Lisa Bier, Social Sciences Librarian

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• Last Updated: Jul 17, 2024 4:37 PM
• URL: https://libguides.southernct.edu/healthsciencesbasic