phd medical ethics and law

Centre for Ethics in Medicine

Phd in healthcare ethics and law.

The Centre for Ethics in Medicine can provide supervision for a PhD in Ethics in Medicine in areas related to the research themes of the Centre and the research interests of its staff.

Research training

PhD students will be expected to attend training offered by the Department of Population Health, in which the Centre for Ethics in Medicine is located. Depending on qualifications already obtained and the nature of the project to be undertaken, students may receive additional training on:  

• Research methods in bioethics
• Health care ethics theory
• Health care law

Some of these sessions will involve participation in existing programmes, including the BSc Bioethics. Additional training is provided through research seminars and meetings.

All registered PhD students also have access to the Department Short Course programme.

We do not currently have any doctoral funding opportunities available in the Centre.

Bristol Medical School has some studentships available, which are normally advertised in January each year. Applicants are also welcome to contact the University Student Finance Office or the Centre to discuss possible sources of funding. Examples of potential funding sources for bioethical research include the Arts and Humanities Research Council, The Wellcome Trust, and the Medical Research Council. Any prospective student, whether UK, EU, or overseas, who can provide evidence of funding, is welcome to apply for postgraduate study.

If you would like help or advice in working up an application for funding, please get in touch.

Entry requirements

Potential applicants for the PhD programme in the Centre for Ethics in Medicine need to have at least a good Honours degree in a relevant subject e.g. philosophy/ethics, law, social science, theology, health care.  Proficiency in English is essential.

Details of the required  academic qualifications and English language requirements .

Details of  current tuition fees for this programme . Further information on  fees and living expenses .

If you are seeking funding, please see our   postgraduate funding opportunities and advice .

Application procedure

Applicants are encouraged to email  [email protected] . Initial enquiries ought to be supported with a brief outline of the area(s) of bioethics in which the applicant is interested. At this stage we would especially welcome:

• A brief  curriculum vitae
• An outline research proposal of 500-1,500 words

If you are intending to apply, you will need to submit a formal application, but potential applicants are strongly encouraged to make contact with us before doing so.

Applications are in principle welcome at any time, but we encourage applicants who intend to commence their research in autumn to ensure that their application reaches us in the spring/early summer.

I am wonderfully supported as a first year PhD student at CEM. The warm and welcoming multidisciplinary team provides an environment for innovation and the cross-pollination of ideas which is essential for any thriving research community.

The Centre for ethics in medicine is a very friendly, welcoming and inclusive environment to study in.

• Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics
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PhD Program

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The PhD in Bioethics and Health Policy Program is taught by leading experts in the fields of bioethics and health policy, who provide unparalleled training, education and mentoring to the next generation of bioethics scholars . This PhD program is unique in the opportunities it affords students to conduct innovative original scholarship in a premier international research institution, focused specifically on public health ethics and bioethics and health policy.

Scholarly Life at the Berman Institute

Students in the Bioethics PhD program constitute a vital and important part of the academic community at the Berman Institute of Bioethics. Students are encouraged to participate fully in a wide range of scholarly, teaching and public engagement activities. These include participating in the semi-annual ‘research retreats’ at which faculty, fellows, and students present works-in-progress, and attending the Berman Institute’s bi-monthly seminar series at which prominent scholars from other institutions lecture on emerging research interests.

The PhD program in bioethics and health policy is a concentration within the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Department of Health Policy and Management (HPM), offered in collaboration with the Berman Institute of Bioethics. For complete information, including admissions requirements, visit the Department of HPM’s PhD Concentration in Bioethics & Health Policy website .

The PhD program in Bioethics and Health Policy is distinguished from other bioethics doctoral programs in two ways:

The PhD program focuses on bioethics as it relates to moral questions in public health and health policy (rather than, for example, in clinical decision-making or bedside dilemmas).

• Students and faculty in this concentration study and conduct independent research on ethical issues in public health practice, research, and policy such as: ethics and emergency preparedness, domestic and international research ethics, genetic screening policy, ethics and obesity prevention, ethics and infectious diseases, resource allocation and social justice.

The PhD program provides rigorous training in quantitative and qualitative empirical research methods.

• By the end of their PhD training, students are prepared to provide not only normative recommendations regarding ethics and public health policy but also are equipped to function as independent researchers, conducting empirical research related to bioethics, public health and health policy.

Our PhD program focuses on bioethics in public health and health policy and provides rigorous training in quantitative and qualitative empirical research methods.

Program Alumni

Our PhD alumni go on to successful and prominent careers in the field of bioethics. Our alumni include:

Neal Dickert, MD Cardiologist, Associate Professor of Medicine, Emory University

Michael DiStefano Assistant Professor, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rachel Fabi Assistant Professor of Bioethics and Humanities, Upstate Medical University

Jane Forman Core Faculty, Clinician Scholars Program at the University of Michigan Medical School;Director of the Qualitative and Mixed Methods Core at the VA Ann Arbor HSR&D Center for Clinical Management Research

Krista Harrison Associate Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco

Jessica Holzer Associate Professor in Health Sciences, University of New Haven

Summer Johnson-McGee President, Salem College

Andrea Kalfoglou Associate Professor of Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

JP Leider Senior fellow, University of Minnesota School of Public Health (SPH); founding director of the SPH Center for Public Health Systems

National Institutes of Health

Sara Chandros Hull Director, Bioethics Core,  National Human Genome Research Institute

Leila Jamal Associate Director for Cancer Genomics, Johns Hopkins/NIH Genetic Counseling Training Program

Julia Slutsman Director of Genomic Data Sharing Policy Implementation, NIH

Holly Taylor Research Bioethicist, NIH

Health Care Innovation

Lee-Lee Ellis Health Care Director, Payor Reform, Arnold Ventures

Vanessa Kuhn VP, Go-to-market Operations, Memora Health

Amy Paul Director of Professional Services, Vital Wave

Danielle Whicher Health Services Researcher and Policy Professional, Mathematica

Non-Profit/Research

Jason Gerson Senior Program Officer, Clinical Effectiveness and Decision Science program, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Carleigh Krubiner Bioethics Lead, Wellcome Trust

Christian Morales Health Policy Researcher and Bioethicist, Educational Alliance  

Medical Practice

Ingrid Burger, MD Radiologist, Chief of Ultrasound, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center

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Concentration in Bioethics and Health Policy

Offered By: Department of Health Policy and Management

Onsite | Full-Time | 4 - 5 years

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About the Concentration in Bioethics and Health Policy

The concentration in Bioethics and Health Policy is designed for students who want bioethics to be the distinguishing focus of their career in public health. This program differs from other bioethics doctoral programs in two important ways: first, it focuses on bioethics and it relates to moral questions in public health and health policy rather than in clinical decision-making or bedside dilemmas; and, second, it provides rigorous training in quantitative and qualitative empirical research methods.

Original doctoral research conducted by students in the bioethics program involves analyzing primary or secondary empirical data about specific areas of public health, health policy, or health research, and examining the ethical implications of the issue or study results. By the end of their training, students are prepared to provide not only normative recommendations regarding ethics and public health policy, but also are equipped to function as independent researchers, conducting empirical research related to bioethics, public health and health policy.

Students enrolled in the Bioethics and Health Policy concentration participate in a variety of educational opportunities in bioethics and health policy, including lectures and seminars sponsored by the Berman Institute of Bioethics , the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and collaborations with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University. Students take courses within the Department of Health Policy and Management and the Bloomberg School, as well as the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and Georgetown University.

What Can You Do With a Graduate Degree In Bioethics And Health Policy?

The program prepares students for successful research careers as bioethicists. Former students have gone onto careers in academia, government, research-oriented non-profits, and the private sector. Visit the  Graduate Employment Outcomes Dashboard to learn about Bloomberg School graduates' employment status, sector, and salaries.

View a list of selected recent graduates and dissertation titles for the PhD Concentration in Bioethics and Health Policy.

Curriculum for the Concentration in Bioethics and Health Policy

Browse an overview of the requirements for this PhD program in the JHU Academic Catalogue  and explore all course offerings in the Bloomberg School  Course Directory .

Admissions Requirements

For general admissions requirements, please visit the How to Apply page.

Standardized Test Scores

Standardized test scores are  not required and not reviewed  for this program. If you have taken a standardized test such as the GRE, GMAT, or MCAT and want to submit your scores, please note that they will not be used as a metric during the application review.  Applications will be reviewed holistically based on all required application components.

Brendan Saloner, PhD,

evaluates policies to promote access to health care and a stronger safety net for underserved groups, particularly for people who use drugs.

Per the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) with the JHU PhD Union, the minimum guaranteed 2025-2026 academic year stipend is $50,000 for all PhD students with a 4% increase the following year. Tuition, fees, and medical benefits are provided, including health insurance premiums for PhD student’s children and spouses of international students, depending on visa type. The minimum stipend and tuition coverage is guaranteed for at least the first four years of a BSPH PhD program; specific amounts and the number of years supported, as well as work expectations related to that stipend will vary across departments and funding source. Please refer to the CBA to review specific benefits, compensation, and other terms.

Need-Based Relocation Grants Students who  are admitted to PhD programs at JHU   starting in Fall 2023 or beyond can apply to receive a need-based grant to offset the costs of relocating to be able to attend JHU.   These grants provide funding to a portion of incoming students who, without this money, may otherwise not be able to afford to relocate to JHU for their PhD program. This is not a merit-based grant. Applications will be evaluated solely based on financial need.  View more information about the need-based relocation grants for PhD students .

Questions about the program? We're happy to help. [email protected]

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Health Care Ethics, Ph.D.

• Learning Outcomes
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Saint Louis University’s doctoral program in health care ethics prepares students for a successful career in academic, corporate, research or clinical bioethics settings.

Curriculum Overview

SLU’s Ph.D. in health care ethics is offered by the Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics . The health care ethics Ph.D. integrates an interdisciplinary curriculum with several practica and offers four concentrations to further specialize your doctoral studies.

All students in the traditional Ph.D. in health care ethics program are required to complete 60 credits of coursework in five categories of courses:

• Foundations of Health Care Ethics (12 credits)
• Context of Health Care (12 credits)
• Disciplinary Lens (12 credits)
• Bioethics Content (12 credits)
• Dissertation Research (12 credits)

With the approval of the Ph.D. program director, up to 12 credits (in 5000-level courses or higher) from previous graduate coursework may count as advanced standing toward the disciplinary lens or bioethics content elective categories. Students pursuing the J.D./Ph.D., M.D./Ph.D., M.A./Ph.D. or the joint Ph.D. in theology and health care ethics follow a modified curriculum.

You may opt to complete a concentration in one of four areas: Catholic tradition, clinical ethics, empirical research methods or research ethics.

Catholic Tradition Concentration

Students enrolled in the Ph.D. program in health care ethics may take 15 credits of coursework with an emphasis on health care ethics in the Catholic tradition and write a dissertation (12 credits) in the Catholic tradition to develop expertise in the area of Catholic health care ethics. To enroll in the concentration in health care ethics in the Catholic tradition, students must already hold a master’s degree in theology or religious studies or be enrolled in the M.A./Ph.D. dual-degree program.

Clinical Ethics Concentration

Students enrolled in the Ph.D. program in health care ethics may take 15 credits of coursework with an emphasis on clinical ethics (12 credits). They'll also write a dissertation on a topic relevant to clinical ethics to develop clinical health care ethics expertise.

Empirical Research Concentration

With the approval of the concentration directors and the Ph.D. program director, students enrolled in the Ph.D. program in health care ethics may opt to complete this concentration to develop expertise in empirical research methods. This concentration prepares students to incorporate empirical methods into a normative dissertation and future research. The focus of the track will be on qualitative research methods (such as ethnography, interviews, focus groups, public deliberation, etc.), though, in consultation with the directors of the concentration, students will have the option of adopting quantitative or mixed methods approaches. Completion of the concentration is meant to indicate special competencies over and above those gained in the Ph.D. program, specifically those that pertain to qualitative empirical research in the field of bioethics.

Students must elect to pursue this concentration by the end of their first semester at the latest. A concentration director must approve the empirical concentration curriculum plan of each student. The concentration requires at least 12 hours of coursework.

Research Ethics Concentration

Students enrolled in the Ph.D. program in health care ethics may take 15 credits of coursework with an emphasis on research ethics and write a dissertation (12 credits) in research ethics to develop expertise in the area of human research ethics.

Fieldwork and Research Opportunities

All Ph.D. students take a three-semester, 150-hour clinical practicum to gain experience working in a clinical setting. Students interested in the clinical ethics concentration can complete an additional advanced practicum in which students are placed in active clinical ethics consultation services for 300+ hours. In addition to these fieldwork opportunities, most Ph.D. students graduate with two or more publications.

Professionals from the fields of law, medicine, nursing, public health, philosophy and religious studies have joined SLU’s Ph.D. program in health care ethics. Our graduates have been highly successful in finding excellent full-time positions both in education (teaching and conducting research in health care ethics) and in health care systems (as professional ethicists).

Admission Requirements

Students entering the Ph.D. program in health care ethics will have an undergraduate or graduate degree in a relevant field, for instance, philosophy, theology, a clinical field, social sciences or law. Successful applicants usually have a high GPA, high GRE percentiles (especially in the verbal and analytical writing categories), a strong normative writing sample and a demonstration of overall fit with the program’s educational objectives.

The Catholic Health Association has recommended that ethicists working in Catholic health care with an interdisciplinary Ph.D. degree should additionally hold an M.A. in theology. It is strongly recommended that students who do not already hold an M.A. in theology complete the dual-degree program, offered in collaboration with the Aquinas Institute of Theology. Alternately, students should plan on completing an M.A. prior to commencing work in Catholic health care.

Application Requirements

• Transcript(s)
• Three letters of recommendation
• Writing sample
• Professional goal statement
• Application deadline Dec. 1

Requirements for International Students 

All admission policies and requirements for domestic students apply to international students. International students must also meet the following additional requirements:

• Demonstrate  English Language Proficiency
• Courses taken and/or lectures attended
• Practical laboratory work
• The maximum and minimum grades attainable
• The grades earned or the results of all end-of-term examinations
• Any honors or degrees received.
• WES and ECE transcripts are accepted.
• A letter of financial support from the person(s) or sponsoring agency funding the student's time at Saint Louis University
• A letter from the sponsor's bank verifying that the funds are available and will be so for the duration of the student's study at the University

Assistantship Deadline

Applicants who are admitted to the Ph.D. program will be invited to submit a separate application for assistantship funding. Contact the Ph.D. program director for more information.

Review Process

Applications are reviewed by a committee of faculty members from the Albert Gnaegi Center for Health Care Ethics.

Additional charges may apply. Other resources are listed below:

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Scholarships, Assistantships and Financial Aid

For priority consideration for a graduate assistantship, apply by the program admission deadlines listed. Fellowships and assistantships provide a stipend and may include health insurance and a tuition scholarship for the duration of the award. 

Explore Scholarships and Financial Aid Options

• Graduates will be able to demonstrate a broad knowledge of the foundational disciplines, methods, topics and issues in health care ethics required for the scholarly analysis of issues in the field. 
• Graduates will be able to demonstrate proficiency in formulating original, normative arguments on topics related to health care ethics.
• Graduates will be able to demonstrate the ability to conceptualize, develop and bring to successful completion an original, sustained and coherent independent research project that contributes to the field (i.e. the dissertation).
• Graduates will be able to demonstrate an ability to generate appropriate job search materials (i.e. curriculum vitae, teaching portfolio, writing sample, etc.)

Non Course Requirements

Research tools.

These competencies are essential for success in health care ethics. Students may develop these competencies through different mechanisms.

• Competency in medical terminology
• Competency in library database skills
• Competency in reading statistics and study design

Comprehensive Examinations

The comprehensive examinations occur after completing all coursework and practica. 

Dissertation Proposal

The student will work closely with the dissertation chair to select a dissertation topic and plan the dissertation proposal in a timely manner. In the dissertation proposal, the student must present substantial evidence of the ability to develop and sustain an extended normative project on a bioethics topic. Once the chair is satisfied with the proposal, it will be sent to the two faculty readers for their comments. It is at this stage that the readers are expected to influence the general outline of the dissertation. The student will then address the comments of the readers and submit a revised proposal to the chair. This process may be repeated until the chair, readers and student are satisfied with the proposal.

Dissertations: Nontraditional Format

Ordinarily, doctoral candidates in the Ph.D. program in health care ethics will follow the traditional guidelines for dissertations. However, when appropriate, a student’s dissertation committee may permit the student to write a dissertation using a nontraditional format, the body of which consists of at least three thematically related original article-length manuscripts, at least two of which must be accepted for publication. As is always the case, all dissertation content must receive final approval by the student’s dissertation committee. The mere fact that a manuscript has been published or accepted for publication does not guarantee that it can be used toward a nontraditional dissertation. Ordinarily, if a faculty member serves as a co-author on one of the publications, this faculty member would not serve as the student’s dissertation chair. The nontraditional dissertation format requires that:

• The three incorporated articles be preceded by a substantive introduction chapter and followed by a substantive conclusion chapter, which will integrate the three manuscripts into a coherent whole.
• Ordinarily, the student is the sole or primary author of all three manuscripts.
• At least two of the three manuscripts must be fully accepted for publication and the third at least under review.
• Dissertations must satisfy the formatting requirements dictated by the "Policies and Procedures for Thesis, Project, and Dissertation Formatting."
• All articles incorporated into the dissertation must have been submitted while enrolled in the Ph.D. program.

Oral Defense of the Dissertation

Upon completion of the dissertation, students publicly present and defend their dissertation before their dissertation committee, CHCE faculty and doctoral students.

Continuation Standards

Students must maintain a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.50 in all graduate/professional courses.

Empirical Research Methods Concentration

Roadmaps are recommended semester-by-semester plans of study for programs and assume full-time enrollment unless otherwise noted.  

Courses and milestones designated as critical (marked with !) must be completed in the semester listed to ensure a timely graduation. Transfer credit may change the roadmap.

This roadmap should not be used in the place of regular academic advising appointments. All students are encouraged to meet with their advisor/mentor each semester. Requirements, course availability and sequencing are subject to change.

Take either course depending on interest and career goals. May take both, with the second acting as an elective.

Take the “Consuming Empirical Literature” exam the first day of class.

Take the “Medical Terminology” exam the first day of class.

An introduction to graduate-level database and library search skills, taught by library faculty.

Complete the clinical shadowing eligibility requirements prior to beginning of class.

Program Notes

• Students are encouraged to concentrate elective courses in a primary methodological or content area, versus a broad sampling of courses. Common choices are 6xxx-level courses in theology and philosophy.
• Concentration in Research Ethics : Electives focus on topics related to research ethics, and the dissertation will be written on a research ethics topic. One elective will be in research methodology; one elective will be an Advanced Research Ethics Practicum; one elective will be a non-HCE elective related to research ethics and the elective in the final semester will be a directed reading on research ethics, preparing the student’s dissertation prospectus.
• Concentration in Catholic Tradition : Electives focus on topics related to Catholic health care ethics, and the dissertation will be written on a Catholic health care topic. One elective will be HCE 6310 Health Care Ethics: Catholic Tradition (3 cr) ; one elective will be an elective related to health care and the catholic tradition, usually in theology; the elective in the final semester will be a directed reading on Catholic health care ethics, preparing the student’s dissertation prospectus.
• Concentration in Clinical Ethics : Electives focus on topics related to clinical ethics, and the dissertation will be written on a clinical ethics topic. One elective will be HCE 6540 Advanced Clinical Ethics Practicum (3 cr) ; one elective will be a non-HCE elective related to clinical ethics and the elective in the final semester will be a directed reading on clinical ethics, preparing the student’s dissertation prospectus.
• Concentration in Empirical Research Methods in Ethics : Electives focus on topics related to empirical research methods, and the dissertation will be written using an empirical research method. Two (preferably three) electives will be graduate-level methods courses taught outside HCE and the elective in the final semester will be HCE 6520 Quantitative Research in Descriptive Ethics (3 cr) , preparing the student’s dissertation prospectus.

For additional information about our program, please contact:

Harold Braswell, Ph.D.  Graduate program coordinator, health care ethics [email protected]  

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Faculty of Law

Quicklinks und sprachwechsel, main navigation, biomedical ethics and law phd program (phd bmel).

The PhD BmEL is run jointly by the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Medicine and is the first and only program of this kind in Switzerland. It is aimed at lawyers, doctors, and other qualified participants who are interested in research in the areas of medical and health-care law as well as biomedical ethics.

Click on http://www.bmel.uzh.ch to find out all about the PhD BmEL.

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Medical Ethics and Law

• Entry year 2025 or 2024
• Duration Full time 3 - 4 years, Part time 4 - 7 years

The PhD in Medical Ethics and Law provides research training in core concepts and theories in the moral and political philosophy of current issues in biomedicine and health. The programme offers training in areas of the law that address these issues within national and international frameworks. We welcome applications concerning issues in reproductive ethics, environmental ethics, research ethics, clinical ethics and the donation of human body parts.

Your department

• Lancaster Medical School Faculty of Health and Medicine
• Telephone +44 (0)1524 592032

Entry requirements

Academic requirements.

2:1 Hons degree (UK or equivalent) in a relevant subject.

We may also consider non-standard applicants, please contact us for information.

If you have studied outside of the UK, we would advise you to check our list of international qualifications before submitting your application.

Additional Requirements

As part of your application you will also need to provide a viable research proposal. Guidance for writing a research proposal can be found on our writing a research proposal webpage.

English Language Requirements

We may ask you to provide a recognised English language qualification, dependent upon your nationality and where you have studied previously.

We normally require an IELTS (Academic) Test with an overall score of at least 6.5, and a minimum of 5.5 in each element of the test. We also consider other English language qualifications .

If your score is below our requirements, you may be eligible for one of our pre-sessional English language programmes .

Contact: Admissions Team +44 (0) 1524 592032 or email [email protected]

Pre-master’s programmes

Delivered in partnership with INTO Lancaster University, our one-year tailored pre-master’s pathways are designed to improve your subject knowledge and English language skills to the level required by a range of Lancaster University master’s degrees. Visit the INTO Lancaster University website for more details and a list of eligible degrees you can progress onto.

Fees and funding

We set our fees on an annual basis and the 2025/26 entry fees have not yet been set.

General fees and funding information

Additional fees and funding information accordion

There may be extra costs related to your course for items such as books, stationery, printing, photocopying, binding and general subsistence on trips and visits. Following graduation, you may need to pay a subscription to a professional body for some chosen careers.

Specific additional costs for studying at Lancaster are listed below.

College fees

Lancaster is proud to be one of only a handful of UK universities to have a collegiate system. Every student belongs to a college, and all students pay a small College Membership Fee which supports the running of college events and activities. Students on some distance-learning courses are not liable to pay a college fee.

For students starting in 2024, the fee is £40 for undergraduates and research students and £15 for students on one-year courses. Fees for students starting in 2025 have not yet been set.

Computer equipment and internet access

To support your studies, you will also require access to a computer, along with reliable internet access. You will be able to access a range of software and services from a Windows, Mac, Chromebook or Linux device. For certain degree programmes, you may need a specific device, or we may provide you with a laptop and appropriate software - details of which will be available on relevant programme pages. A dedicated IT support helpdesk is available in the event of any problems.

The University provides limited financial support to assist students who do not have the required IT equipment or broadband support in place.

For most taught postgraduate applications there is a non-refundable application fee of £40. We cannot consider applications until this fee has been paid, as advised on our online secure payment system. There is no application fee for postgraduate research applications.

For some of our courses you will need to pay a deposit to accept your offer and secure your place. We will let you know in your offer letter if a deposit is required and you will be given a deadline date when this is due to be paid.

The fee that you pay will depend on whether you are considered to be a home or international student. Read more about how we assign your fee status .

If you are studying on a programme of more than one year’s duration, tuition fees are reviewed annually and are not fixed for the duration of your studies. Read more about fees in subsequent years .

Scholarships and bursaries

Details of our scholarships and bursaries for 2025-entry study are not yet available, but you can use our opportunities for 2024-entry applicants as guidance.

Check our current list of scholarships and bursaries .

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Important Information

The information on this site relates primarily to 2025/2026 entry to the University and every effort has been taken to ensure the information is correct at the time of publication.

The University will use all reasonable effort to deliver the courses as described, but the University reserves the right to make changes to advertised courses. In exceptional circumstances that are beyond the University’s reasonable control (Force Majeure Events), we may need to amend the programmes and provision advertised. In this event, the University will take reasonable steps to minimise the disruption to your studies. If a course is withdrawn or if there are any fundamental changes to your course, we will give you reasonable notice and you will be entitled to request that you are considered for an alternative course or withdraw your application. You are advised to revisit our website for up-to-date course information before you submit your application.

More information on limits to the University’s liability can be found in our legal information .

Our Students’ Charter

We believe in the importance of a strong and productive partnership between our students and staff. In order to ensure your time at Lancaster is a positive experience we have worked with the Students’ Union to articulate this relationship and the standards to which the University and its students aspire. View our Charter and other policies .

Why Lancaster?

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Your college will be your home away from home.

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Career support for our students through university and beyond.

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Lancaster has so much to offer. On our campus, in our city and in our community, you’ll find your place – whoever you are.

Where is Lancaster?

Lancaster is easy to get to and surrounded by natural beauty.

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Our campus and the surrounding area is a great place to call home.

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Master of Bioethics (MBE)

Master of health care innovation, undergraduate bioethics minor, master of science in medical ethics (msme), health care innovation certificate, continuing education, anti-racism, diversity, equity, and inclusion, staff, faculty, and postdoctoral opportunities, harsha thirumurthy appointed as next division chief of health policy.

Effective July 1, 2024, Dr. Harsha Thirumurthy will step into the role of Division Chief of Health Policy

Emily Largent appointed next Chief of the Division of Medical Ethics

Effective July 1, 2024, Dr. Emily Largent will step into the role of Division Chief of Medical Ethics.

Penn panel on "Legal Models for Psychedelics: Ethical, Clinical, and Practical Implications"

This event on January 31, 2024 was co-hosted between MEHP and the Law School. You can now watch the recording of the event.

Podcast Episode: Do IRBs do more good than harm?

Holly Fernandez Lynch joins new podcast Bio(un)ethical to discuss IRB measurements.

ME faculty and fellows to present at ASBH October 11 - 14

To be added to MEHP's events listserv, please contact [email protected] .

Hybrid -Research Ethics and Policy Series (REPS)/Bronstein Lecture: "Belmont 2.0", Mary L. Gray

Hp seminar - elisa maffioli, phd | "convenient access and invitations: increasing covid-19 vaccination in kenya", health policy research seminar: jetson jeder-luis, phd, assistant professor of markets, public policy, and law, boston university, hybrid -research ethics and policy series (reps): "book talk- we the scientists: how a daring team of parents and doctors forged a new path for medicine" - amy dockser marcus, advancing trust in science: institutional obligations to promote research integrity, health policy research seminar: corinne low, phd, associate professor of business economics and public policy, university of penn, health policy research seminar: kelly yang, phd, ma, acting assistant professor of business economics and public policy, indiana university, health policy research seminar: ashwin nathan, md, ms, assistant professor of medicine, university of penn, hybrid -research ethics and policy series (reps): "pediatric vaccine research" - paul a. offit, md, hp/ldi research seminar: edward okeke, phd, md, senior economist; professor of policy analysis, pardee rand graduate school.

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Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics

• Fellowship in Clinical Ethics
• Information for Prospective Fellows
• Former Fellows

About the Clinical Ethics Fellowship

The Clinical Ethics Fellowship in the Center of Biomedical Ethics is a two-year, full-time program designed to prepare graduates to become leaders in bioethics in health care settings, academic institutions, and professional or government agencies. Established in 2015, this non-ACGME fellowship is committed to addressing ethical concerns through clinical ethics consultation, policy development, education and research. This fellowship will be appointed through the Stanford Graduate Medical Education (GME) office.

• Comprehensive knowledge of key bioethics topics, including skills in critically evaluating empirical and conceptual research in bioethics
• Develop proficiency or expertise in clinical ethics consultation.  Fellows are expected to develop the capacity to play the role of lead consultant by the end of the second year.
• Experience in presenting, teaching, and discussing core concepts in clinically-grounded bioethics at a post-graduate level
• Develop the ability to take leadership roles in Clinical Ethics Committee Meetings.
• Acquisition of professional skills for academic achievement in the field of bioethics, including research, CV development, and career building (fellows will be prepared to take a faculty position in the field of bioethics in both hospital and academic settings).
• Obtain skills to conduct scholarly research related to clinical ethics and bioethics in both independent and highly collaborative research settings.

Fellowship Activities

Fellows will devote 65% of their time in clinical work, 15% in didactic training and teaching, and 20% of their time in research.

Some common fellowship activities include:

• Shadowing ethics consults at Stanford Health Care (SHC) and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital (LPCH)
• Attend clinical rotations at the hospital, including the medical ICU, the transplant listing meetings for all of the solid organs, the palliative service, and neuro-critical care
• Participate in interdisciplinary rounds in several ICU units
• Attend all ethics committee meetings at SHC and LPCH
• Assist in drafting hospital policies, including conducting background research
• Didactic work and research, including qualitative research methods, quantitative methods, philosophical or legal approaches
• Receiving supplemental training and coursework in research methodology

The first year will of the fellowship be devoted to developing basic knowledge while observing clinical encounters to begin to learn skills, and conducting research.

Second-year fellows will have the opportunity to conduct the ethics consultation service. Second-year fellows will be on-call for both “curbside” consults as well as full consults (review and analysis of patient files, discussions with primary team, organize and facilitate family meetings and team meetings as needed, etc.), and complete consult reports, medical chart notes, and any necessary follow up on their own. Fellows will also be expected to help organize and participate in educational initiatives for hospital staff.

All SCBE fellows are required to attend the weekly SCBE Seminars as part of their educational and professional development. Interested parties can attend our invited speakers seminars , which occur once per month.

Current Fellow

Jenny Schiff, PhD

• Research Interests Include: normative and conceptual issues relating to uncertainty in medicine, ethics of caring for patients with largely "invisible" medically unexplained conditions, philosophy of medicine and philosophy of biology, ethics of the use of artificial intelligence in the clinical setting, and medical ethics education 

MA, English Education, Columbia University (Teachers College)

MA, Italian Literature, Columbia University (GSAS)

BA, Philosophy, Columbia College

Fulbright Scholar, Italy (Graduate Student Category)

The fellow's full bio can be found here .

Program Leadership

David Magnus, PhD

Fellowship program co-director.

Thomas A. Raffin Professor in Medicine and Biomedical Ethics

Director of the Center

Member of the Stanford Hospital Ethics Committee

Holly Tabor, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Associate Director for Clinical Ethics and Education

Co-Chair of the Stanford Hospital Ethics Committee

Co-Chair of the Lucille Packard Children's Hospital Ethics Committee

Megan Cvitanovic

Fellowship program coordinator.

Ethics Consult & Fellowship Coordinator for the Center

Criteria for Applicants

Applicants should possess an advanced degree in an academic or professional discipline with preference given to candidates with terminal degrees in bioethics, philosophy, medicine, behavioral sciences, law, social sciences, nursing, social work, religious studies, and other fields related to the practice of clinical and academic bioethics. Exceptional candidates with masters-level degrees may be considered. Candidates with a Ph.D. in philosophy are strongly encouraged to apply.   

Candidates are also expected to possess strong interpersonal skills, the ability to work independently and collaboratively, excellent oral and written communication skills, conflict resolution, organizational skills, as well as presentation and teaching skills.

Questions? Contact Fellowship Coordinator, Emma Villarreal ([email protected]).

Applying to the Clinical Ethics Fellowship

The Clinical Ethics Fellowship is currently accepting applications for a July 2024 start date. Rolling review of applications until January 2024. 

• Required Documents/Information:
• A cover letter
• Contact information for three references
• 2. Applications will be evaluated by the program’s director, assistant director, and current fellow.
• 3. If selected for an interview, applicants will be contacted directly by the program coordinator, Emma Villarreal
• 4. Final candidates must provide at least two writing samples/publications
• Please note: Unfortunately due to Stanford Graduate Medical Education (GME) regulations, we cannot accept or review applications from prospective international fellows.

For a video tour and further information about Stanford's fellowship offerings, please visit the Stanford GME homepage . 

For other postdoctoral positions at Stanford, please visit https://postdocs.stanford.edu/prospective-postdocs .

Ryan Felder, PhD

• Research Interests Include: epistemic injustice in clinical ethics and communication, the ethics of artificial intelligence in health care, and the implications of contemporary pragmatism for normative ethics and metaethics. 
• MA, Philosophy, Binghamton University 
• BS, Philosophy, Rutgers University
• " I would give my highest recommendation to the Stanford Fellowship in Clinical Ethics. The two-year program provides rigorous hands-on training in consultation skills with an experienced core team and has a track record of producing graduates that are ready to work independently as clinical ethicists. The fellowship also creates opportunities for one to pursue one’s research interests within a lively bioethics center. I have benefitted enormously from my time at Stanford. " -Ryan Felder

Adam Omelianchuk, PhD

• Dissertation: What Makes Killing for Organs Wrong? A Defense of the 'Dead Donor' Rule.
• Committee: Christopher Tollefsen (supervisor), Jennifer A. Frey, George Khushf, Jeffrey P. Bishop
• MA, Philosophy, Biola University
• BS, Ministries, University of Northwestern - St. Paul
• " The Clinical Ethics fellowship at SCBE was precisely the bridge I needed to move from the academic setting to the clinical setting without compromising rigorous academic research standards. The exposure to leading scholars, the high volume of complex cases, and the opportunities to develop a meaningful research project in collaboration with others far exceeded my expectations. It's hard to express how formative fellowship was for me as it challenged and transformed into a capable professional and desirable job candidate. The mentorship I received from David, Holly, and Alyssa was simply invaluable. I cannot recommend the fellowship enough." - Adam Omelianchuk

Sarah Wieten

• PhD, Philosophy, Durham University
• MA, Philosophy, University of South Florida
• BA, Xavier University, Philosophy Politics and the Public Honors program
• "The Fellowship provided me with opportunities to do interdisciplinary work which brings philosophy into contact with the broader world, and taught me how to seek out and create that environment in many different institutions. I am now doing this kind of work in a permanent academic job. The faculty were extremely supportive of my research and career goals, even under time pressure from their own duties. Most importantly they were supportive of my emotional and mental health, given the demands that clinical ethics work can place on these." - Sarah Wieten

Karola V. Kreitmair

• PhD, Philosophy, Stanford University
• MSc, Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh
• BA, Philosophy, Brown University
• " My fellowship in clinical ethics was integral to my transition into a tenure-track clinical ethics job at a top medical school. What I learned from my mentors at SCBE (e.g., David Magnus, Mildred Cho, Hank Greely, Holly Tabor, Maren Monsen) provided the foundation for my current work as an academic researcher and clinical ethics consultant. In addition to affording me the opportunity to collaborate on research with an interdisciplinary group of experts, the fellowship at SCBE also allowed me to immerse myself in clinical practice. My experience as a clinical ethics fellow at SCBE was outstanding and transformative. ” - Karola V. Kreitmair

Katherine E. Kruse

• Fellowship, Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University
• Residency, Pediatrics, Michigan State University
• MD, Michigan State University
• BS, Michigan State University

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

Attend an open day

Discover more about Law at Manchester

PhD Bioethics and Medical Jurisprudence

Year of entry: 2024

• View full page
• Bachelor's (Honours) degree in a cognate subject at 2:1 or above (or overseas equivalent); and
• Master's degree in a relevant subject - with an overall average of 65% or above, a minimum mark of 65% in your dissertation and no mark below 55% (or overseas equivalent)
• A suitable period (normally at least three years) of validated professional experience in a relevant field.

Full entry requirements

Apply online

Please ensure you include all required supporting documents at the time of submission, as incomplete applications may not be considered.

Application Deadlines

For consideration in internal funding competitions, you must submit your completed application by 1 December 2023.

If you are applying for or have secured external funding (for example, from an employer or government) or are self-funding, you must submit your application before the below deadline to be considered. You will not be able to apply after this date has passed.

• For September 2024 entry: 30 June 2024

Programme options

Programme overview

• Join an innovative programme for a publication-based PhD.
• Work closely with the Centre for Social Ethics and Policy , a leading bioethics and medical jurisprudence centre, which has a lively and productive research environment.
• Pursue a unique structured research programme containing taught elements designed to provide a solid skills basis for independent research in this area.
• Receive extensive research support and training.

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To find out what studying on a postgraduate research programme at Manchester is like, visit our Open days and study fairs page and explore our virtual open week or future on-campus and international events.

We will be conducting our Humanities PGR virtual open week in October 2024. Find out more about future events and postgraduate research sessions by signing up for our email alerts.

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• PhD (full-time) UK students (per annum): £4,786 International, including EU, students (per annum): £21,500
• PhD (part-time) UK students (per annum): £2,393 International, including EU, students (per annum): £10,750
• PhD (full-time distance learning) UK students (per annum): £4,786 International, including EU, students (per annum): £10,750
• PhD (part-time distance learning) UK students (per annum): £2,393 International, including EU, students (per annum): £10,750

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

Scholarships/sponsorships

There are a range of scholarships, studentships and awards available to support both UK and overseas postgraduate researchers, details of which can be found via the links below.

To apply University of Manchester funding, you must indicate in your application the competitions for which you wish to be considered. The deadline for most internal competitions, including School of Social Sciences studentships is 1 December 2023.

All external funding competitions have a specified deadline for submitting your funding application and a separate (earlier) deadline for submitting the online programme application form, both of which will be stated in the funding competition details below.

For more information about funding, visit our funding page to browse for scholarships, studentships and awards you may be eligible for.

• School of Social Sciences PhD Studentships 2024 Entry
• AHRC North West Consortium Doctoral Training Partnership (NWCDTP) PhD Studentships - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• China Scholarship Council - The University of Manchester (CSC-UoM) Joint Scholarship Programme - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Trudeau Doctoral Scholarships 2024 Entry
• President's Doctoral Scholar (PDS) Awards - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• PhD Studentship with the Stuart Hall Foundation (Social Sciences) - Competition Closed for 2024 Entry
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (High Income Countries)
• Humanities Doctoral Academy Humanitarian Scholarship 2024 Entry
• Commonwealth PhD Scholarships (Least Developed Countries and Fragile States)

Contact details

See: School Subjects

Programmes in related subject areas

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

Entry requirements

Academic entry qualification overview, english language.

• IELTS test minimum score - 7.0 overall, 7.0 in writing, 6.5 in other sections.
• TOEFL (internet based) test minimum score - 100 overall, 25 all sections.
• Pearson Test of English (PTE) UKVI/SELT or PTE Academic minimum score - 76 overall, 76 in writing, 70 in other sections.
• To demonstrate that you have taken an undergraduate or postgraduate degree in a majority English speaking nation within the last 5 years.
• Other tests may be considered.

English language test validity

Other international entry requirements.

We accept a range of qualifications from different countries. For these and general requirements including English language see entry requirements from your country.

The University requires you to reside within a commutable distance from Manchester during your time as a registered student, unless you are on approved fieldwork/a formal placement or are on a period of Submission pending. This is to ensure that you are able to meet attendance expectations and participate in wider research activities within your discipline area and/or School.

Application and selection

How to apply, advice to applicants.

Before you start your application, you should:

• Develop your own research proposal and project title.
• Find a supervisor by browsing our academics' profiles, and reach out directly to discuss if they are interested in supporting your research.
• Consider how you plan on funding your research and discuss this with your supervisor.

When you submit your application, you must include each of the below required documents:

• A 1,500 word PhD research proposal;
• Copies of the academic transcript and certificate from both your Bachelor's and Master's degrees. If your Master's degree is pending, please provide an interim transcript;
• An up to date academic CV, detailing your education and qualifications; employment history; publications; and any other relevant information.
• A sample of written work demonstrating ability in the area of philosophical bioethics or medical law (2,000 to 5,000 words). Please upload the CV and writing sample as a single file.
• You must nominate two academic referees (including one from your most recent institution). Your referees will be contacted directly via the Referee Portal following submission of your application form. You may wish to contact your referees to request they submit your reference in a reasonable timeframe as this forms part of the review process;
• International applicants must additionally provide English Language evidence (e.g IELTS).

Interview requirements

As part of the offer making process, applicants will be required to undertake an interview assessment. This may be in the form of an in-person interview or video call.

The interview is designed to assess your knowledge and understanding of the broad topic area, the viability of your proposed research and its intellectual contribution, alongside the fit of your project with the supervisory team. You also may be asked to identify and address any potential ethical considerations in relation to your proposed research, and discuss how best to progress your ideas in line with University of Manchester ethics guidance.

The interview panel will consist at minimum of your proposed primary supervisor and an independent interviewer.

Re-applications

In your new application you should demonstrate how your application has improved. We may draw upon all information from your previous applications or any previous registrations at the University as a student when assessing your suitability for your chosen programme.

Programme details

Programme description.

National, regional, and local governments, organisations, and authorities are beginning to realise that they need highly trained people in healthcare ethics and law. This means now is a good time to aim for the highest academic qualifications in the field.    

Traditional graduate studies for a research degree do not offer the ethical and legal knowledge or the comprehensive training needed for cutting-edge research into bioethics and medical jurisprudence. A more structured approach is called for.   

This programme is designed to provide a solid skills basis for independent research. It will guide you steadily towards the completion of a structured doctoral thesis, which is based on publishable journal articles and book chapters. The programme itself is unique in its combination of group sessions in research methods and presentation events. They are designed to ensure a genuine sense of community among researchers, and friendly but consistent supervision by world-class scholars in the field.   

The topics and themes which are covered during the group sessions in Year 1 address the diverse challenges of doctoral research in health law and ethics, for example:   

• refining your research question;
• scoping the literature; 
• doing interdisciplinary research; 
• exploring methodologies in bioethics and law; 
• getting published. 

Special features

Through this programme, you’ll be a member of the Centre for Social Ethics and Policy , a centre at the forefront of research in this area both nationally and internationally.

The Centre has three decades of experience in campus-based and distance-learning programmes, and a lively and productive research environment.

Additional programme information

Humanities Doctoral Academy

Our Humanities Doctoral Academy combines the strengths of our four schools to bring expertise, knowledge, support and high-quality services for postgraduate researchers.

We are a community of academic leaders and postgraduate researchers across all levels in the Faculty of Humanities. The Doctoral Academy Hub houses our specialist professional service teams who support postgraduate researchers throughout the programme journey. This includes admissions, registration, student experience, progression, examination, and graduation. We collaborate closely with other University directorates including Manchester Doctoral College, Researcher Development team, and the corresponding Doctoral Academies in the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health. Together we provide the best experience and support for your studies and research.

Equality, diversity and inclusion is fundamental to the success of The University of Manchester, and is at the heart of all of our activities.

We know that diversity strengthens our research community, leading to enhanced research creativity, productivity and quality, and societal and economic impact.

We actively encourage applicants from diverse career paths and backgrounds and from all sections of the community, regardless of age, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, sexual orientation and transgender status.

All appointments are made on merit.

The University of Manchester and our external partners are fully committed to equality, diversity and inclusion.

Coursework and assessment

Study success will be assessed by the structured doctoral thesis.

All the taught elements serve the preparation of the doctoral thesis, which develops knowledge of bioethics and medical jurisprudence methods and approaches. The development of your research skills are monitored and supported by supervisors. Although the outputs for the doctoral thesis are somewhat different to the conventional PhD, the report and the articles that make up the thesis are assessed according to the general rules in the University.

You will have a supervisory team which normally consists of two supervisors with expertise in both philosophical bioethics and medical jurisprudence that you will meet regularly.

Programme unit details

The first year consists of a series of research methods workshops, attendance at presentation events and monthly supervision meetings with two supervisors. Year 1 concludes with the production of a report, which outlines the contextual legal and philosophical issues that underpin your research questions and a draft outline of your first research paper.  

Years 2 and 3 continue with supervision meetings and attendance at presentation events. Work produced during this time is devoted to research which leads to at least three publishable journal articles or book chapters and a structured doctoral thesis. The progress of the research will be closely monitored in research methods sessions, presentations, and supervisory meetings. The results of the research will be presented in research seminars and national and international conferences and meetings. To this end, our scholars are provided with a generous financial allowance to enable attendance and presentation at external events. 

If you have any questions about the PhD in Bioethics and Medical Jurisprudence please contact our  Recruitment and Admissions team.

Related research

In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF2021) Bioethics and Medical Jurisprudence was assessed as part of The University of Manchester's 'Law' submission.  

82% of our research was judged to be in the highest two categories (4*) 'world-leading' or (3*) 'internationally excellent'.  

Our research impact was also judged to be strong, with 100% judged to be (4*) 'world-leading' or (3*) 'internationally excellent'.

Read more about our Law research at Manchester

What our students say

This program and my supervisors have pushed me to approach my project in a critical and nuanced way. I have thoroughly enjoyed the workshops and trainings made available through the program and across the wider University. Meaghan Storey / Melbourne Dual Award PhD Scholar

At The University of Manchester Law department, School of Social Sciences, you are supported by the first-class resources you would expect of a top law school.

Manchester is home to one of the UK's five National Research Libraries - one of the best-resourced academic libraries in the UK and widely recognised as one of the world's greatest research libraries.

Find out more about libraries and study spaces for postgraduate research students at Manchester.

Disability support

Career opportunities.

A PhD in Bioethics and Medical Jurisprudence can lead to careers in academic and clinical research, as well as enhance a career in medicine and other healthcare and legal professions. 

The University has its own dedicated  Careers Service that you would have full access to as a PGR and for two years after you graduate.  

At Manchester you will have access to a number of  opportunities to help support you with your goals for the future.

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Medical Law and Ethics (Online Learning) LLM

Awards: LLM

Study modes: Part-time

Online learning

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Medical Law and Ethics (Online Learning)

The University of Edinburgh's world-class LLM in Medical Law and Ethics helped me grow tremendously as a lawyer and personally. Daniel Schönberger LLM in Medical Law and Ethics by online learning, 2018

Online Learning Open Days On-Demand

Watch session recordings from our previous Open Days to learn more about studying online.

Find out more and register

Programme description

This programme draws on the expertise and tradition of Edinburgh to deliver an internationally-focused, interdisciplinary programme that combines flexible learning with the most up-to-date teaching on all of the important issues affecting medicine, law and ethics today.

Medical law is a fascinating field of study as advances in medical research and new technologies shift the boundaries of medicine. New health issues are emerging and patient rights are increasingly taking centre stage. New and complex medico-legal dilemmas arise in clinical practice, in the realities of human health, and in the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals.

The programme enables you to explore the international and interdisciplinary dimensions of medical law and ethics. You will have opportunities to examine healthcare policy and the regulation of medicine in different parts of the world. You will also evaluate responses to technology and debate possible futures for medical law.

Applications are welcomed from legal professionals and healthcare professionals, including doctors and nurses, and from all those with an interest in this area.

Our online learning programmes are delivered entirely online via a virtual learning environment. Learning and teaching happen ‘asynchronously’. This means that you have the flexibility to log in at times and in places convenient to you, contribute your views and respond to others, and still maintain a sense of community with your fellow students across time zones.

• Find out about studying online with Edinburgh Law School

Programme structure

To be awarded LLM Medical Law and Ethics you must successfully complete six courses, five of which must be core courses, and a 10,000-word dissertation during your chosen duration of study.

During your studies you will also have the opportunity to study up to two courses from different subject areas such as information technology law or international commercial law.

• Detailed information about the programme and your course options

Please note the available choice of courses in any given year may change.

Find out more about compulsory and optional courses

We link to the latest information available. Please note that this may be for a previous academic year and should be considered indicative.

Learning outcomes

Having studied the programme, you will emerge with an understanding of medico-legal issues not just in the legal context, but with a sound grounding in ethics, social and theoretical contexts.

This programme is suitable to prepare students for advanced research.

Career opportunities

Graduates of our online distance learning programmes progress to a range of careers in Law and related legal fields, including work in local and international firms, government legal departments, other public institutions, international organisations and in academia.

The programmes are also an ideal platform for advanced research.

Student testimonial

Entry requirements.

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

A minimum UK 2:1 honours degree from a UK university, or its international equivalent, in law.

We also consider candidates with a degree in a related discipline, such as medicine, which includes relevant prior study.

In evaluating your application for postgraduate study, greater emphasis may be placed upon results of prior learning in subjects relevant to the intended degree programme.

Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Supporting your application

Relevant work experience is not required but may increase your chances of acceptance.

Relevant professional qualifications will be considered.

Preference will be given to those with grades above the minimum requirements due to strong competition for places on this programme.

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

• Postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 7.0 in writing and 6.5 in all other components. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 25 in writing and 23 in all other components.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 185 in writing and 176 in all other components.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 70 in writing and 62 in all other components.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

If you receive an unconditional offer of admission, you will be asked to pay a deposit within 28 days to secure your place on the programme.

The deposit required is:

Find out more about tuition fee deposits:

• Tuition fee deposit policy

Tuition fees

• Detailed fees information

Scholarships and funding

Featured funding.

• Edinburgh Law School Tercentenary Awards for Excellence
• Online Learning Scholarships

UK government postgraduate loans

If you live in the UK, you may be able to apply for a postgraduate loan from one of the UK’s governments.

The type and amount of financial support you are eligible for will depend on:

• your programme
• the duration of your studies
• your tuition fee status

Programmes studied on a part-time intermittent basis are not eligible.

• UK government and other external funding

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Edinburgh Law School Online Learning Office
• Phone: +44 (0)131 650 2386
• Contact: [email protected]
• Old College
• South Bridge
• Central Campus
• Programme: Medical Law and Ethics (Online Learning)
• School: Law
• College: Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences

Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

LLM Medical Law and Ethics (Online Learning) - 20 Months (Part-time)

Llm medical law and ethics (online learning) - 32 months (part-time), application deadlines.

We monitor application numbers carefully to ensure we are able to accommodate all those who receive offers. It may therefore be necessary to close a programme earlier than the published deadlines. If this is the case we will place a four week warning notice on this page.

We encourage you to apply at least one month prior to entry so that we have enough time to process your application. If you are also applying for funding we strongly recommend you apply as early as possible.

• How to apply

You must submit one reference with your application.

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

• Bioethics & Philosophy of Medicine

Bioethics is a multidisciplinary field focused on ethical issues within healthcare, health policy, and the biomedical sciences. It includes work in medical ethics but extends more broadly to research ethics, public health ethics, global health ethics, as well as some aspects of environmental ethics and food ethics.

Medicine raises a number of questions that can benefit from philosophical inquiry. We strive to understand what health and health care are (medical epistemology) and what they ought to be (medical ethics). In doing so, we engage with scholars from multiple disciplines in health and medical humanities, with patients, and with other community members to advance ethics in health care. Medicine is governed to a large extent by health policies created in legislative bodies. That raises issues relevant to social and political philosophy, such as liberty, equity, and justice in relation to meeting health care needs. In addition, there are metaphysical issues, from whether an eight-cell human embryo is a person, to what counts as death.

Sponsoring Units

Michigan State University’s Department of Philosophy has a large faculty with diverse interests and backgrounds. The curriculum covers the standard areas of Western philosophy and offers a wide range of seminars each year. The Department emphasizes teaching, and boasts several faculty who have won University teaching awards. Interdisciplinary interests (besides health care) represented among the faculty include Women’s and Gender Studies, Cognitive Science, Evolutionary Theory, Philosophy of Science, Agriculture, Cultural Studies, and Sociology. Programs of study are offered at the undergraduate, masters, and doctoral levels.

The Center for Bioethics and Social Justice serves as a teaching, research, and public service unit for the Colleges of Human Medicine, Osteopathic Medicine, Nursing, and Veterinary Medicine, besides its ties to the Colleges of Arts and Letters, Natural Science, Social Science, and Agriculture and Natural Resources. Our Center faculty team teaches courses with health professionals and offers medical ethics consultations in local hospitals. 

The mission of the Center for Bioethics and Social Justice is to  educate, research,  and  engage.  The Center works to educate health professionals with the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to contribute to a world in which health practices are equitable, inclusive, and bolstered by conditions of social justice. It works on researching the nature of bioethics and enhancing its applications to the pursuit of equitable, inclusive, and just healthy societies, and on   engaging researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and communities around shared interests in the attainment of a healthier and more just world. Its primary teaching commitment is to College of Human Medicine medical students at MSU, however, the Center also teaches graduate students, medical residents, and undergraduates.

The Center works closely with the Bioethics, Humanities and Society program (BHS) in Lyman Briggs College. Besides an undergraduate specialization in Health and Humanities, BHS regularly runs an overseas study program on health care policy and health care justice from a comparative perspective, based in London; concentration students may enroll in this course for doctoral credit.

Dr. Robyn Bluhm  is an Associate Professor with a joint appointment in the Department of Philosophy and Lyman Briggs College. Her research examines philosophical issues in neuroscience and medicine, with a particular focus on the relationship between ethical and epistemological questions in these areas. She has written extensively on the philosophy of evidence-based practice and on the use of functional neuroimaging in psychiatry. She is a co-editor of the  International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics .

Dr. Megan Dean  is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Michigan State University. She works in Feminist Philosophy, Bioethics, and Science and Values, as well as 20th-century European Philosophy, especially Foucault and Phenomenology. Her current research is in the area of food ethics. While most food ethics concentrates on the impact of food production and consumption on human and non-human others, the environment, and health, Dean’s work highlights the importance of the activity of eating itself. Her work has appeared in journals including Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, Journal of Medical Ethics , and the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry.

Dr. Leonard Fleck , Professor, Ph.D., St. Louis University (Medical Ethics, Health Policy), has published over 160 articles and book chapters on a broad range of topics in health care ethics, especially issues related to health care justice, health care rationing, and health care policy. More recently he has published a number of articles on ethical issues related to emerging genetic technologies, in connection with his role as co-principal investigator for two three-year NIH ELSI grants. These grants explored the role of community dialogue (rational democratic deliberation) in addressing controversial issues of ethics and policy related to genetics and reproductive decision-making. He is the author of  Just Caring: Health Care Rationing and Democratic Deliberation  (Oxford University Press, 2009). He is a co-editor of the volume  Fair Resource Allocation and Rationing at the Bedside  (Oxford University Press, 2015). He has completed in 2021 another manuscript for Oxford University Press with expected publication in mid-2022 under the title  Distributive Justice and Precision Medicine: Wicked Problems for Democratic Deliberation . He is completing another manuscript for Cambridge University Press with the working title  The Liberalism Problem: Public Reason and Health Care Justice . Professor Fleck is a Hastings Center Fellow as well as a Fellow of the Brocher Foundation in Geneva Switzerland. He has presented at numerous national and international conferences. He is currently (2018-2023) serving as a consultant to a cancer biomarker project at the University of Bergen in Norway funded by a grant from the Norwegian government. He is past President of the Medical Ethics Resource Network of Michigan and served for three years as Chair of the Philosophy and Medicine Committee of the American Philosophical Association.

Dr. Fred Gifford , Professor, Ph.D., Pittsburgh.  His research and teaching is in philosophy of biology and medicine, and in medical ethics, global health ethics and ethics and development. He has published articles on philosophy of biology, causation, and medical ethics. He has developed and teaches an online course in Global Health Ethics for the online Master’s program in Global Health at MSU’s Institute for Global Heath. He has also served as a member of the University’s review board on research on human subjects.

Dr. Sean A. Valles  is a philosopher of health specializing in the ethical and evidentiary complexities of how social contexts—everything from one’s local food options to the presence or absence of exposure to violent policing practices—combine to create patterns of inequitable health disparities. His work includes studying the challenges of responsibly using race and ethnicity concepts in monitoring health disparities, scrutinizing the rhetoric of the COVID-19 pandemic as an ‘unprecedented’ problem that could not be prepared for, and examining how biomedicine meshes with public health and population health. He is the author of the 2018 book,  Philosophy of Population Health: Philosophy for a New Public Health Era . He is also co-editor (with Quill R. Kukla) of the Oxford University Press book series “Bioethics for Social Justice.”

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