chemistry video assignment

Resource Type: Virtual Labs

The Virtual Lab is an online simulation of a chemistry lab. It is designed to help students link chemical computations with authentic laboratory chemistry. The lab allows students to select from hundreds of standard reagents (aqueous) and manipulate them in a manner resembling a real lab. More information and offline downloads . Please scroll below to find our collection of pre-written problems, they have been organized by concept and ranked by difficulty.

Stoichiometry

The mole, molarity, and density, glucose dilution problem.

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to create a 0.025M glucose solution from a standard 1M glucose solution. First, they calculate the correct volumes of 1M glucose solution and water to mix together…

Acid Dilution Problem

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to create 500mL of 3M HCl solution from a concentrated stock solution of 11.6M HCl. They must first calculate the correct volumes of 11.6M HCl solution and water to…

Cola and Sucrose Concentration Problem

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to prepare a sucrose solution for a soda recipe. They next calculate the concentration of their solution in terms of molarity, percent mass and density. Finally, they…

Making Stock Solutions from Solids

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to create stock solutions starting from solid salts. Students must first calculate the correct amount of solid to make the solution. Next, they prepare the solution…

Identifying the Unknown Metal (Metals Density Problem)

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to identify an unknown metal by measuring its density and comparing their measurements to the densities of known metals.

Identifying an Unknown Liquid from its Density

In this activity students use the virtual lab to design an experiment to determine the identity of mislabeled bottles using the densities of the solutions inside.

Alcohol Density Problem

Determine the concentration of an alcohol solution from its density.

Reaction Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents

Gravimetric determination of arsenic.

Set in the context of ground water contamination in Bangladesh, this stoichiometry and analytical chemistry activity examines the issues around identifying wells contaminated with arsenic. (Part of a larger online…

Determining Stoichiometric Coefficients

In this activity, students use the virtual lab to determine how 4 unknown substances react with each other including their stoichiometric coefficients.

Stoichiometry and Solution Preparation Problem

In this limiting reagents problem, students mix together solutions in different ratios in an attempt to produce a final solution that contains only 1 product.

Textbook Style Limiting Reagents Problems

Textbook-style practice limiting reagent exercises with that can be used as a way to "predict and check" your answers using the virtual lab.

Textbook Style Limiting Reagents Problem II

In this activity, students practice with experiments involving limiting reagents and the test their knowledge to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

Predicting DNA Concentration

In this limiting reagents problem, students are given specific concentrations of DNA solutions and are asked to predict what products and reactants will remain after a specific volumes are mixed and reaction has…

Unknown Concentration of DNA Solution Problem

In this advanced limiting reagent problem, students use the virtual lab to determine the concentration of a solution of DNA by reacting it with known amounts of a fluorescent dye which binds to the DNA.

Thermochemistry

Energy and enthalpy, camping problem i.

In this part of the MRE scenario, students measure the enthalpy of a reaction.

Camping Problem II

In this part of the MRE scenario, students determine change in the enthalpy of a reaction as the concentration of reactants are varied.

ATP Reaction (Thermochemistry and Bonding)

Determine the enthalpy of the ATP reaction.

Determining the Heat of Reaction in Aqueous Solution

In this activity, students perform an experiment to determine the heat of a reaction.

Coffee Problem

Use the virtual lab to determine how much milk to add to hot coffee to reach the desired temperature

Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant.

As an analytical chemist at a company developing new engine coolants your task is to determine the heat capacity of a newly developed product and then to determine if its heat capacity is greater of less than that…

Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant II (Advanced version)

Measure and compare the heat capacity of an unknown liquid with an unknown density.

Camping Problem III

In this part of the MRE scenario, students create solutions that when mixed, increase to a certain temperature.

Heats of Reaction - Hess' Law

This activity provides a demonstration of Hess' Law using three reactions: the solubility NaOH in water, the solubility NaOH in HCl and the reaction of a solution of HCl and a solution of NaOH.

Equilibrium

Lechatlier's principle, cobalt chloride and lechatlier’s principle.

In this activity, students safely explore the equilibrium reaction of the cobalt chloride reaction.

Equilibrium Calculations

Dna binding problem.

In this activity, students explore equilibrium constants in biochemical systems by measuring the binding constant of a DNA-Dye reaction.

Acid-Base Chemistry

Strong acids and bases, strong acid and base problems.

Textbook-style strong acid and base problems that can be checked using the Virtual Lab.

Determination of the pH Scale by the Method of Successive Dilutions

This activity was created as an accompaniment to an in-class demonstration of the method of successive dilutions using HCl, NaOH, a pH meter, and universal indicator solution. After the demonstration, students…

Weak Acids and Bases

Weak acid and base problems.

Textbook-style weak acid and base problems that can be checked using the Virtual Lab.

Determining the pKa and Concentration Ratio of a Protein in Solution

Use the virtual lab to determine the pKa of a protein then create a buffer solution with a specific concentration ratio of the protein in its protonated/ unprotonated form.

Unknown Acid and Base Problem

In this exercise, students graph the titration curve of an unknown acid and base to determine their pKa’s and concentrations.

Buffer Solutions

Creating a buffer solution.

An exercise to design a buffer solution with specific properties.

DNA - Dye Binding: Equilibrium and Buffer Solutions

Students examine equilibrium and buffer solutions in a biological setting.

Acid/Base Titrations

Standardization of naoh with a khp solution: acid base titration.

Use the Virtual Laboratory to standardize an unknown NaOH solution (approximately 0.2M) to four significant figures via titration with 25.00 mL of a KHP standard solution.

Solubility Product

Determining the solubility product.

Determine the solubility product constatnt (Ksp) for various solids.

Temperature and the Solubility of Salts

Examine the solubilities of salts based on temperature.

Determining the solubility of copper chloride at different temperatures

GIven the solubility of CuCl at 2 different temperatures, predict its solubility at a third temperature. Then test your prediction by creating the solution in the virtual lab

Oxidation/Reduction and Electrochemistry

Standard reduction potentials, exploring oxidation-reduction reactions.

Design an experiment to order Cu, Mg, Zn and Pb from strongest to weakest reducing agent.

Analytical Chemistry/Lab Techniques

Gravimetric analysis, unknown silver chloride.

Determine the concentration of Silver ion in a Silver Nitrate solution using gravimetric analysis

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Organic chemistry

A brief introduction to organic chemistry, unit 1: structure and bonding, unit 2: resonance and acid-base chemistry, unit 3: alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups, unit 4: stereochemistry, unit 5: substitution and elimination reactions, unit 6: alkenes and alkynes, unit 7: alcohols, ethers, epoxides, sulfides, unit 8: conjugated systems and pericyclic reactions, unit 9: aromatic compounds, unit 10: aldehydes and ketones, unit 11: carboxylic acids and derivatives, unit 12: alpha carbon chemistry, unit 13: amines, unit 14: spectroscopy.

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Middle School Chemistry Lesson Plans

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Chemistry for Majors

Table of Contents

Course contents.

• About This Course
• Course Contents at a Glance
• Learning Outcomes

Faculty Resources

• Faculty Resources Overview
• Offline Content Access
• PowerPoints
• Assignments
• Problem Sets
• Question Banks
• OHM Assessments
• Video Resource List
• Additional Resources
• Virtual Lab Recommendations
• I Need Help

Module 1: Essential Ideas

• Why It Matters: Essential Ideas
• Chemistry in Context
• Videos: History of Chemistry and the Scientific Method
• Phases and Classification of Matter
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Measurements
• Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
• Videos: Significant Figures
• Scientific Notation
• Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
• Discussion: Defining a Unit of Measurement
• Assignment: Matter and Measurement

Module 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

• Why It Matters: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
• Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
• Evolution of Atomic Theory
• Videos: History of the Atom
• Atomic Structure and Symbolism
• Chemical Formulas
• The Periodic Table
• Videos: The Periodic Table
• Molecular and Ionic Compounds
• Chemical Nomenclature
• Discussion: Atomic Concept
• Assignment: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
• Assignment: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Module 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions

• Why It Matters: Composition of Substances and Solutions
• Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
• Videos: The Mole
• Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
• Videos: Empirical and Molecular Formulas
• Other Units for Solution Concentrations
• Videos: Solutions
• Discussion: The Mole
• Assignment: Composition of Substances and Solutions

Module 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

• Why It Matters: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
• Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
• Videos: Balancing Chemical Equations
• Classifying Chemical Reactions
• Videos: Chemical Reactions
• Reaction Stoichiometry
• Videos: Stoichiometry
• Videos: Example Stoichiometry Problems
• Reaction Yields
• Quantitative Chemical Analysis
• Videos: Oxidation Reduction
• Videos: Water and Solutions
• Discussion: Stoichiometry Inquiry Game
• Assignment: Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Module 5: Thermochemistry

• Why It Matters: Thermochemistry
• Energy Basics
• Videos: First Law of Thermodynamics
• Videos: Energy & Chemistry
• Calorimetry
• Videos: Calorimetry
• Videos: Enthalpy and Hess' Law
• Videos: Heat of Formation
• Discussion: Comparing Hydrocarbon Efficiency
• Assignment: Enthalpy, Energy, and Temperature Change
• Assignment: Extra Calorimetry Practice

Module 6: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements

• Why It Matters: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
• Electromagnetic Energy
• Videos: Electromagnetic Energy
• The Bohr Model
• Development of Quantum Theory
• Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
• Videos: The Electron
• Periodic Variations in Element Properties
• Discussion: Discovery of the Elements
• Assignment: The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations

Module 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry

• Why It Matters: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding
• Videos: Chemical Bonds
• Lewis Symbols and Structures
• Videos: Lewis Structures
• Formal Charges and Resonance
• Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
• Molecular Structure and Polarity
• Videos: Molecular Chemistry and VSEPR Theory
• Discussion: Highlight on Resonance
• Assignment: Module 7

Module 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding

• Why It Matters: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
• Valence Bond Theory
• Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
• Multiple Bonds
• Videos: Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization
• Molecular Orbital Theory
• Videos: Molecular Orbital Theory
• Discussion: Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory
• Assignment: 8

Module 9: Gases

• Why It Matters: Gases
• Gas Pressure
• Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
• Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
• Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
• The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
• Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
• Videos: Gases
• Discussion: Gas Application
• Assignment: Gases
• Assignment: Experiment at home

Module 10: Liquids and Solids

• Why It Matters: Liquids and Solids
• Intermolecular Forces
• Properties of Liquids
• Phase Transitions
• Phase Diagrams
• The Solid State of Matter
• Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
• Videos: Liquids and Solids
• Discussion: States of Matter
• Assignment: Intermolecular Forces

Module 11: Solutions and Colloids

• Why It Matters: Solutions and Colloids
• The Dissolution Process
• Electrolytes
• Colligative Properties
• Videos: Colligative Properties
• Discussion: Solubility Experiment
• Assignment: 11

Module 12: Kinetics

• Why It Matters: Kinetics
• Chemical Reaction Rates
• Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
• Integrated Rate Laws
• Collision Theory
• Reaction Mechanisms
• Video: Kinetics
• Discussion: Catalysts in Biochemistry
• Assignment: ChemReax Simulation

Module 13: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts

• Why It Matters: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
• Chemical Equilibria
• Equilibrium Constants
• Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
• Equilibrium Calculations
• Videos: Equilibrium
• Discussion: Chemical Equilibria
• Assignment: Equilibrium

Module 14: Acid-Based Equilibria

• Why It Matters: Acid-Based Equilibria
• Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
• Video: pH and pOH
• Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
• Hydrolysis of Salts
• Polyprotic Acids
• Video: Buffers
• Acid-Base Titrations
• Discussion: Acids and Bases at Home
• Assignment: Acid-Base chemistry at home
• Virtual Lab: Acid Base Titration

Module 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes

• Why It Matters: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
• Precipitation and Dissolution
• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Coupled Equilibria
• Discussion: Lewis Acids and Bases
• Assignment: Virtual Lab for Precipitation equilibrium

Module 16: Thermodynamics

• Why It Matters: Thermodynamics
• Spontaneity
• Videos: Entropy
• The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
• Videos: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
• Free Energy
• Videos: Free Energy
• Discussion: Thermodynamics Terms
• Assignment: Thermodynamics

Module 17: Electrochemistry

• Why It Matters: Electrochemistry
• Review of Redox Chemistry
• Galvanic Cells
• Electrode and Cell Potentials
• Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
• Batteries and Fuel Cells
• Electrolysis
• Videos: Electrochemistry
• Discussion: Batteries
• Assignment: Electrochemistry

Module 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

• Why It Matters: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
• Periodicity
• Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
• Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
• Videos: Silicon
• Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases
• Discussion: Elements in Application
• Assignment: Elements at Work

Module 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

• Why It Matters: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
• Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
• Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
• Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
• Discussion: Magnetic Metals
• Assignment: Virtual Lab (Nickel)

Module 20: Organic Chemistry

• Why It Matters: Organic Chemistry
• Hydrocarbons
• Alcohols and Ethers
• Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
• Amines and Amides
• Videos: Organic Chemistry
• Discussion: Teaching Organic Chemistry
• Assignment: Organic Chemistry Practice

Module 21: Nuclear Chemistry

• Why It Matters: Nuclear Chemistry
• Nuclear Structure and Stability
• Nuclear Equations
• Radioactive Decay
• Videos: Nuclear Half-Life
• Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
• Uses of Radioisotopes
• Biological Effects of Radiation
• Videos: Nuclear Chemistry
• Discussion: Radioactivity in the Media
• Assignment: Nuclear Chemistry
• Essential Mathematics
• Units and Conversion Factors
• Fundamental Physical Constants
• Water Properties
• Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
• Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
• Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
• Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
• Solubility Products
• Formation Constants for Complex Ions
• Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
• Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes

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Chemistry Worksheets and Handouts (PDF for Printing)

This is a collection of free chemistry worksheets and handouts to print. Most of the printables are PDF files, although some are available as JPG or PNG files. All of these worksheets print cleanly on normal printer paper, plus you can resize them to fit your needs.

Here is a list of worksheets. This site also has articles explaining these topics in detail.

• Label Parts of the Atom [ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Acid formulas [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Balancing equations Worksheet #1 [ PDF ][ Answers ] Worksheet #2 [ PDF ][ Answers ] Worksheet #3 [ PDF ][ Answers ] Worksheet #4 [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Chemical and Physical Changes [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Chemistry scavenger hunt [ PDF clues ][ Answers ]
• Element names crossword [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Element symbols – Symbols that make words [ PDF worksheet ][ Answers ]
• Element symbols – Countries of the world [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• More element symbol worksheets
• Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Mixtures [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Intensive and Extensive Properties [ Worksheet ][ Answer Key ]
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Ionic and Covalent Compounds (Names and Identification) [ PDF Worksheet ][ Answer Key ]
• Ionic Compound Names and Formulas [ PDF Worksheet ][ Answer Key ]
• Metric to English Unit Conversions [ PDF Worksheet ][ Answer Key ]
• Mixtures [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Periodic table scavenger hunt [ PDF clues ][ Answers ]
• Reading a meniscus [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Reading periodic table element information Worksheet #1 [ PDF ][ Answers ] Worksheet #2 [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Scientific Notation [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Significant digits Rules [ PDF ][ Answers ] Addition and subtraction [ PDF ][ Answers ] Multiplication and division [ PDF ][ Answers ]
• Types of Chemical Reactions [ Worksheet ][ Answers ]

In addition to these chemistry worksheets, there is a collection of word search puzzles .

Chemistry Handouts

These chemistry handouts illustrate chemistry concepts and offer examples.

• Amino acid side chains [ PDF ]
• Antimatter examples [ PNG ]
• Atom facts [ PNG ]
• Chemical properties [ JPG ]
• Colligative properties [ JPG ]
• Electron configurations [ PDF ]
• Element electronegativities [ PDF ]
• 118 Element Flash Cards [ PDF ]
• Element list [ PDF ]
• Endothermic reactions [ PNG ]
• Error calculations [ JPG ]
• Exothermic reactions [ JPG ]
• Heterogeneous mixtures [ JPG ]
• Hydrocarbon prefixes [ JPG ]
• Ionic compound properties [ PNG ]
• Genetic codons [ PDF ]
• Lewis structures [ JPG ]
• Litmus test [ PNG ]
• Magnetic vs non-magnetic metals [ JPG ]
• Mole ratio [ JPG ]
• Organic vs inorganic [ JPG ]
• Oxidation numbers [ JPG ]
• Periodic table Bingo game [ PDF ]
• pH indicators [ PNG ]
• Physical change [ JPG ]
• Physical properties [JPG ]
• Noble metals [ JPG ]
• Reactants and products [ JPG ]
• RNA vs DNA [ JPG ]
• States of matter [ JPG ]
• Visible spectrum [ JPG ]

Periodic Tables

There’s a printable periodic table for just about any purpose, but some of the most popular are listed here.

• 118 element vibrant periodic table [ PNG ]
• Actinides [ JPG ]
• Blank periodic table [ PDF ]
• Element charges [ JPG ]
• Element density [ PDF ]
• Element electrical conductivity [ PDF ]
• Element state of matter [ PDF ]
• Muted color 118 element periodic table [ PDF ]
• Native elements [ JPG ]
• Valence [ JPG ]

Biology Worksheets and Handouts

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I Genuinely Can't Watch These 15 Acting Pairs The Same Way Again After Finding Out They Didn't Even Have A Chemistry Test

"It's a very rare experience. I think we're aware of how unique this is."

BuzzFeed Staff

1. First, Kerry Washington and Tony Goldwyn "never" did a chemistry read before they started filming Scandal as Olivia and Fitz.

Speaking about how he landed the role of Fitz, Tony said Shonda Rhimes kept him in mind after they met when he directed an episode of Grey's Anatomy   in Season 1. He recalled to People, "I didn't see her for eight years, and suddenly she thought, 'Wow, Tony'd be an interesting choice for Fitz.' And 'Tony, you want to play the president on my new show?' Wow. 'Okay, sure. Why not?' So it's funny how things come around."

2. Before starring as Colin and Penelope in Bridgerton , Nicola Coughlan and Luke Newton didn't have a chemistry test , but they spent the years prior to Season 3 building their friendship off-screen, so their on-screen chemistry was incredibly strong.

In a joint interview with Refinery29, Nicola said , "I don't have a relationship like anyone in my life like I have with [Luke]." She continued, "It's a very rare experience. I think we're aware of how unique this is."

Speaking about leading Bridgerton  together in Season 3, Luke added, "There's something that just bonds you when you do this show with someone. When you lead the show, you're in every day together."

3. Scott Patterson and Lauren Graham didn't have a chemistry test before they were cast as Luke and Lorelai in Gilmore Girls. They met for the first time in a hotel in Canada, and the cast had dinner together before filming the pilot.

Scott recalled to Glamour, "We had a drink first and sat down and got to know each other. I didn't meet any of them before, either."

In an episode of the Gilmore Guys  podcast, Scott said that the role of Luke was initially just supposed to be a guest star in the pilot. However, since the pilot opened and closed in Luke's Diner, Scott said he treated the pilot as a "chemistry check." He added, "If you get the job, you go film the pilot. The chemistry, if it's good with Lauren, then you might get some more shows. If it's not good, you're gone."

4. Meanwhile, Milo Ventimiglia was offered the role of Jess Mariano in Gilmore Girls after one audition and without a chemistry test alongside Alexis Bledel.

On an episode of the Gilmore Guys  podcast, Milo recalled , "I found out from my reps that they said, 'Hey, they want to make you a regular right away.'" Creator Amy Sherman-Palladino reportedly didn't know what Jess's exact role would be, but she knew they needed to hire Milo.

Later, Milo and Alexis dated in real life from 2003 to 2006.

5. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Emma D'Arcy and Olivia Cooke didn't do a chemistry read together before they were cast as Rhaenyra Targaryen and Alicent Hightower in House of the Dragon .

In an interview with BuzzFeed , Emma joked, "Chemistry was off menu." Olivia also explained that she and Emma endured a long audition process, saying she found out she was cast at the "end of October" and then met Emma in December.

Speaking with The Hollywood Reporter about their  intense audition process , Emma said, "I auditioned [via self-tape] for three months during the pandemic after losing a year of work."

6. Pedro Pascal and Bella Ramsey had never spoken before they were officially cast as Joel Miller and Ellie Williams in The Last of Us . In fact, they met for the first time over Zoom during the show's sexual harassment prevention training.

With no chemistry read, Pedro realized he had to begin building a friendship with Bella, who would basically be a daughter to him and with whom he would share most of his scenes. He reached out to Bella's mom first.

He told The Hollywood Reporter that he remembered thinking, "How am I going to text a 17-year-old?"

7. During the audition process for Bellamy Blake on The 100 , Bob Morley said he never had a chemistry read with anyone, including Eliza Taylor, who starred as Clarke Griffin. He actually booked the role within 10 days.

In a joint interview with TV Insider looking back at The 100, Eliza explained her natural chemistry with both Bob and Alycia Debnam-Carey, who starred as Lexa, saying, "In this industry, you will have romantic pairings on paper that look like they’re going to have fireworks, but if the actors aren’t vibing, it can fall flat. I was so lucky that two of the most important relationships my character had were played by two incredible human beings who were so raw and so real."

Eliza added, "And obviously, I married one of them." Bob and Eliza got married in 2019.

8. When Dan Levy was looking to cast David's love interest for Schitt's Creek , he hired Noah Reid without doing a chemistry test with him. The first time they read together was during the cast's read-through for Patrick's first episode in Season 3.

Dan told Awards Daily, "I think a lot of it was having the ability to control a situation to a certain extent on my part. I wrote a character that I was very clear about in terms of who Patrick was going to be and, hopefully, what the long-term goal would be for him. And I think in having that kind of clarity in the casting process, it just was very clear to me that Noah was the only option for that."

He added that they knew each other "socially" before Noah was cast, so he knew they would work well together. "Although the whole concept of their love story was that they were strangers. So worse comes to worst, we did have that cushion of unfamiliarity to buffer those first few episodes. We were very lucky in the sense that it just worked," Dan recalled.

9. Quinta Brunson actually DM'd Tyler James Williams, asking him to star in Abbott Elementary as Gregory. Tyler revealed to The Hollywood Reporter that after messaging back and forth, Quinta sent him the script, and he said yes, so there was no formal chemistry read process for the two of them.

He added, "I've been a fan of Quinta for so long. We've been friends for a while, and I was looking for an opportunity to work with her again, and this became the perfect one."

In an interview with The Guardian , Quinta talked about how Tyler has become a TV heartthrob while playing Gregory, saying, "What's funny is when Tyler and I started working together, we both knew he was not regarded as this ‘hot man in Hollywood.' I told him: 'Dude, you’re gonna turn into a heartthrob, the way Gregory is getting written.'"

10. Despite both of them being veteran actors, Linda Cardellini and Christina Applegate had never met prior to Dead to Me . While they didn't do a traditional chemistry read, they both had lunch with creator Liz Feldman prior to filming, where she really saw how great they were together.

Liz told BuzzFeed , "I was there the first time they met. We all had lunch. It was one of those moments where you just cross your fingers, and you're like, 'Please, god, let this go well. There's no going back.'"

She continued, saying, "Within a matter of, I would say, four minutes. They were just leaning across the table and connecting. I was just watching two people fall in friendship. I'm really lucky that it happened that way."

11. Zach Braff didn't meet Donald Faison until the very first table read for Scrubs . Despite having to play best friends J.D. and Turk, they didn't meet during the audition process.

In an interview with GQ, Zach recalled , "I was so nervous for the table read, and I knew who Donald was as an actor, and he turned around and gave me the warmest smile and a big hug. And then, of course, when we were shooting the pilot, I could feel that we had really good timing together."

12. Katherine Barrell and Dom Provost-Chalkley didn't meet until Kat showed up on the set of Wynonna Earp for the filming of the second episode when Waverly meets Nicole.

At a fan convention, Dom said to Kat, "You walked up with your cap, and you were getting your hair done, so your hair was all back, and you looked so cool. And I thought, 'Oh no, she's gonna think I'm such a geek.'" 

They also recalled walking up to Shamier Anderson, who played Dolls, saying, "My girlfriend's here," when Kat arrived on set.

13. Freddy Carter and Amita Suman didn't have a chemistry read before starring in Shadow and Bone together as Kaz Brekker and Inej Ghafa. Amita told Collider , "Freddy and I didn’t get any chemistry reads. But as soon as he walked through the door, I knew there was, at least in my eyes, the perfect Kaz."

She continued, explaining that she did have a chemistry test with Kit Young, who starred as Jesper Fahey. She added, "Working with them was just phenomenal."

14. When Stefania Spampinato joined Station 19 after playing Carina DeLuca in Grey's Anatomy , she and Danielle Savre had never met before , and didn't do a chemistry read. The first time they met was during the table read for Stefania's first Station 19 episode.

"The room froze," Stefania told SheKnows when recalling when she and Danielle read the scene during the table read when Carina and Maya talk at Joe's bar. 

She continued, "Everybody was holding their breath and it was just a meeting in Joe’s bar. But the chemistry was so strong in that scene the whole room felt it. It was crazy."

15. And finally, Emily Bett Rickards was originally only supposed to appear in one episode of Arrow as Felicity Smoak. She didn't have a chemistry read with Stephen Amell prior to filming, and their chemistry ultimately changed the course of the series.

In an interview with BuzzFeed , showrunner Marc Guggenheim said, "We discovered that the show needed an element that we didn't  realize  it needed, and that was this levity — this other point of view for Oliver. And it really opened the show up."

Shortly after her one episode, the Arrow  writers began writing her into future episodes before she ultimately became a series regular in Season 2, and Oliver's central love interest.

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Statistical analysis can detect when ChatGPT is used to cheat on multiple-choice chemistry exams

by McKenzie Harris, Florida State University

As the use of generative artificial intelligence continues to extend into all reaches of education, much of the concern related to its impact on cheating has focused on essays, essay exam questions and other narrative assignments. Use of AI tools such as ChatGPT to cheat on multiple-choice exams has largely gone ignored.

A Florida State University chemist is half of a research partnership whose latest work is changing what we know about this type of cheating, and their findings have revealed how the use of ChatGPT to cheat on general chemistry multiple-choice exams can be detected through specific statistical methods. The work was published in Journal of Chemical Education .

"While many educators and researchers try to detect AI assisted cheating in essays and open-ended responses, such as Turnitin AI detection, as far as we know, this is the first time anyone has proposed detecting its use on multiple-choice exams," said Ken Hanson, an associate professor in the FSU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "By evaluating differences in performances between student- and ChatGPT-based multiple-choice chemistry exams, we were able to identify ChatGPT instances across all exams with a false positive rate of almost zero."

Researchers collected previous FSU student responses from five semesters worth of exams, input nearly 1,000 questions into ChatGPT and compared the outcomes. Average score and raw statistics were not enough to identify ChatGPT-like behavior because there are certain questions that ChatGPT always answered correctly or always answered incorrectly resulting in an overall score that was indistinguishable from students.

"That's the thing about ChatGPT—it can generate content, but it doesn't necessarily generate correct content," Hanson said. "It's simply an answer generator. It's trying to look like it knows the answer, and to someone who doesn't understand the material, it probably does look like a correct answer."

By using fit statistics, researchers fixed the ability parameters and refit the outcomes, finding ChatGPT's response pattern was clearly different from that of the students.

On exams, high-performing students frequently answer difficult and easy questions correctly, while average students tend to answer some difficult questions and most easy questions correctly. Low-performing students typically only answer easy questions correctly. But on repeated attempts by ChatGPT to complete an exam, the AI tool sometimes answered every easier question incorrectly and every hard question correctly. Hanson and Sorenson used these behavior differences to detect the use of ChatGPT with almost 100-percent accuracy.

The duo's strategy of employing a technique known as Rasch modeling and fit statistics can be readily applied to any and all generative AI chat bots, which will exhibit their own unique patterns to help educators identify the use of these chat bots in completing multiple-choice exams.

The research is the latest publication in a seven-year collaboration between Hanson and machine learning engineer Ben Sorenson.

Hanson and Sorenson, who first met in third grade, both attended St. Cloud State University in Minnesota for their undergraduate degrees and stayed in touch after moving into their careers. As a faculty member at FSU, Hanson became curious about measuring how much knowledge his students retained from lectures, courses and lab work.

"This was a conversation that I brought to Ben, who's great with statistics, computer science and data processing ," said Hanson, who is part of a group of FSU faculty working to improve student success in gateway STEM courses such as general chemistry and college algebra. "He said we could use statistical tools to understand if my exams are good, and in 2017, we started analyzing exams."

The core of this Rasch model is that a student's probability of getting any test question correct is a function of two things: how difficult the question is and the student's ability to answer the question. In this case, a student 's ability refers to how much knowledge they have and how many of the necessary components are needed to answer the question they have. Viewing the outcomes of an exam in this way provides powerful insights, researchers said.

"The collaboration between Ken and I, though remote, has been a really seamless, smooth process," Sorenson said. "Our work is a great way to provide supporting evidence when educators might already suspect that cheating may be happening. What we didn't expect was that the patterns of artificial intelligence would be so easy to identify."

Journal information: Journal of Chemical Education

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Yankees dfa enyel de los santos two weeks after trading for reliever.

CHICAGO — The Yankees have sent Enyel De Los Santos packing just over two weeks after acquiring him at the trade deadline .

The club designated De Los Santos for assignment Wednesday, which came as somewhat of a surprise if only because of how soon it happened after the trade, though he had a rough introduction to the Yankees.

In five games, De Los Santos got tagged for 10 runs in 6 ¹/₃ innings, including seven runs in 1 ²/₃ innings against the White Sox on Monday night.

“Tough call,” manager Aaron Boone said before the Yankees’ 10-2 blowout win over the White Sox in the series finale at Guaranteed Rate Field. “Feel like he’s better than the last couple results he’s had where he’s had a couple tough outings.”

But the Yankees had to send out a pitcher in order to make room for Will Warren’s spot start (and satisfy the maximum of 13 pitchers on the 26-man roster).

Warren, who delivered five innings of two-run ball in the Yankees’ win, appeared to be headed right back to Triple-A after the start and a reliever like Scott Effross join the Yankees on Friday in Detroit.

The Yankees had just two pitchers on their staff with minor league options remaining — Luis Gil, who has been an important part of the rotation, and Jake Cousins, who has been throwing the ball well and recorded his first career save Tuesday night.

The club discussed potentially optioning Gil, with two off days coming up that would have allowed them to reconfigure their rotation and not need a fifth starter until Aug. 24, but Boone said he didn’t think it was “the right thing to do.”

Acquiring De Los Santos from the Padres (along with a minor league reliever) cost the Yankees Brandon Lockridge, a depth outfielder at Triple-A who is eligible for the Rule 5 draft this offseason if he is not added to a 40-man roster.

Lou Trivino took a step closer to potentially impacting the Yankees this season by beginning a rehab assignment Wednesday with Double-A Somerset, allowing a run on three hits and striking out a batter in an inning of work.

The veteran reliever has been out all year after undergoing UCL reconstruction surgery in May 2023, then had a setback this May when he experienced elbow inflammation.

The veteran reliever has been out all year after undergoing UCL reconstruction surgery in May 2023, then had a setback this May when he experienced elbow inflammation .

He has not pitched in a game since the 2022 ALCS.

The Yankees have a $5 million team option on Trivino for next season, but it’s possible he could become an option for the Yankees bullpen by September.

Clarke Schmidt (lat strain) had another live batting practice session Wednesday in which he threw 32 pitches and simulated two innings.

The plan is for him to throw another Sunday while continuing to build his pitch count before going on a rehab assignment.

Jose Trevino (quad strain) played in his third rehab assignment game Wednesday night with Double-A Somerset, after which the Yankees were expected to reassess his status.

Gerrit Cole will start Friday’s series opener against the Tigers, followed by Carlos Rodon on Saturday and Marcus Stroman on Sunday at the Little League Classic.

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Brie larson, aja naomi king tear up recounting days on the set of ‘lessons in chemistry’ together.

“I could have never imagined this show, this gift of an experience,” said King during a special THR Emmy panel with Larson, director Millicent Shelton and costume designer Mirren Gordon-Crozier.

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Brie Larson has known the character Elizabeth Zott almost as long as Bonnie Garmus, author of Lessons in Chemistry , the novel from which the Emmy-nominated Apple TV+ series was adapted. One of the first to read the book about a chemist-turned-cooking-show-host who grapples with unimaginable loss under the weight of sexism in a 1950s society, Larson immediately knew she wanted to bring Elizabeth’s story to the screen. And she didn’t stop pitching the show until she got a yes.

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“To me, this is a huge story about how when our heart breaks, we still can find a way to persevere and carry on and love again,” adds Larson, who’s nominated for outstanding lead actress. “And there’s also all these nooks and crannies of Elizabeth and her life, her struggles with work, with being a parent. It’s so rare to be able to tell a story that’s this big in eight episodes and with so much care and buoyancy. It was so easy to love it and it was so easy to fight for it. That’s what love is.”

In the series, King portrays Harriet, a neighbor and friend of Elizabeth’s from the original book who, in the series, is reimagined as a middle-class Black wife and mother who helps lead efforts to stop the city of Los Angeles from putting a highway through her predominately Black neighborhood. Speaking on how Larson and showrunner Lee Eisenberg created a space for her and this story in the series brought King, also nominated for outstanding supporting actress, to tears.

A pinnacle moment in Harriet and Elizabeth’s friendship occurs in episode six, “Poirot,” for which Shelton is nominated for an Emmy for outstanding directing. Elizabeth, at Harriet’s urging, attends the protest she and other members of the Black community have been organizing to halt the city’s highway efforts and finally grasps the racial realities Harriet has been trying to open her eyes to. Translating the pain of the true-life protest for the screen took particular care, Shelton said.

“The biggest undertaking is that we wanted to make sure that we showed this and made it feel real, and we didn’t just try to recreate a protest to exploit it,” said Shelton. “It was highly triggering on the day [of the shoot]. It was triggering for the crew; everybody brought their A-game. And these two women, I have to be so thankful for because they were the heart. And I think that people are reacting to it because we approached it from the inside out. It wasn’t just being outside, watching Black pain and trauma, it was from the inside. It was because we knew your character, and we knew the love and the friendship that you two had. And in the end when Elizabeth is crying, it’s because she understands. And in the most beautiful way, we were able to build a gap between when you are discriminated against because you are a female and when you’re discriminated against because of the color of your skin, and how much alike that hurt is and that pain.”

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Nolan Jones' solo homer

Rockies outfielder Nolan Jones launches a 432 foot homer during his rehab assignment with Triple-A Albuquerque

• Nolan Jones
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