below is a template for business plan management section brainly

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How To Write the Management Section of a Business Plan

Susan Ward wrote about small businesses for The Balance for 18 years. She has run an IT consulting firm and designed and presented courses on how to promote small businesses.

Ownership Structure

Internal management team, external management resources, human resources, frequently asked questions (faqs).

When developing a business plan , the 'management section' describes your management team, staff, resources, and how your business ownership is structured. This section should not only describe who's on your management team but how each person's skill set will contribute to your bottom line. In this article, we will detail exactly how to compose and best highlight your management team.

Key Takeaways

• The management section of a business plan helps show how your management team and company are structured.
• The first section shows the ownership structure, which might be a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.
• The internal management section shows the department heads, including sales, marketing, administration, and production.
• The external management resources help back up your internal management and include an advisory board and consultants.
• The human resources section contains staffing requirements—part-time or full-time—skills needed for employees and the costs.

This section outlines the legal structure of your business. It may only be a single sentence if your business is a sole proprietorship. If your business is a partnership or a corporation, it can be longer. You want to be sure you explain who holds what percentage of ownership in the company.

The internal management section should describe the business management categories relevant to your business, identify who will have responsibility for each category, and then include a short profile highlighting each person's skills.

The primary business categories of sales, marketing , administration, and production usually work for many small businesses. If your business has employees, you will also need a human resources section. You may also find that your company needs additional management categories to fit your unique circumstances.

It's not necessary to have a different person in charge of each category; some key management people often fill more than one role. Identify the key managers in your business and explain what functions and experience each team member will serve. You may wish to present this as an organizational chart in your business plan, although the list format is also appropriate.

Along with this section, you should include the complete resumés of each management team member (including your own). Follow this with an explanation of how each member will be compensated and their benefits package, and describe any profit-sharing plans that may apply.

If there are any contracts that relate directly to your management team members, such as work contracts or non-competition agreements, you should include them in an Appendix to your business plan.

While external management resources are often overlooked when writing a business plan , using these resources effectively can make the difference between the success or failure of your managers. Think of these external resources as your internal management team's backup. They give your business credibility and an additional pool of expertise.

Advisory Board

An Advisory Board can increase consumer and investor confidence, attract talented employees by showing a commitment to company growth and bring a diversity of contributions. If you choose to have an Advisory Board , list all the board members in this section, and include a bio and all relevant specializations. If you choose your board members carefully, the group can compensate for the niche forms of expertise that your internal managers lack.

When selecting your board members, look for people who are genuinely interested in seeing your business do well and have the patience and time to provide sound advice.

Recently retired executives or managers, other successful entrepreneurs, and/or vendors would be good choices for an Advisory Board.

Professional Services

Professional Services should also be highlighted in the external management resources section. Describe all the external professional advisors that your business will use, such as accountants, bankers, lawyers, IT consultants, business consultants, and/or business coaches. These professionals provide a web of advice and support outside your internal management team that can be invaluable in making management decisions and your new business a success .

The last point you should address in the management section of your business plan is your human resources needs. The trick to writing about human resources is to be specific. To simply write, "We'll need more people once we get up and running," isn't sufficient. Follow this list:

• Detail how many employees your business will need at each stage and what they will cost.
• Describe exactly how your business's human resources needs can be met. Will it be best to have employees, or should you operate with contract workers or freelancers ? Do you need full-time or part-time staff or a mix of both?
• Outline your staffing requirements, including a description of the specific skills that the people working for you will need to possess.
• Calculate your labor costs. Decide the number of employees you will need and how many customers each employee can serve. For example, if it takes one employee to serve 150 customers, and you forecast 1,500 customers in your first year, your business will need 10 employees.
• Determine how much each employee will receive and total the salary cost for all your employees.
• Add to this the cost of  Workers' Compensation Insurance  (mandatory for most businesses) and the cost of any other employee benefits, such as company-sponsored medical and dental plans.

After you've listed the points above, describe how you will find the staff your business needs and how you will train them. Your description of staff recruitment should explain whether or not sufficient local labor is available and how you will recruit staff.

When you're writing about staff training, you'll want to include as many specifics as possible. What specific training will your staff undergo? What ongoing training opportunities will you provide your employees?

Even if the plan for your business is to start as a sole proprietorship, you should include a section on potential human resources demands as a way to demonstrate that you've thought about the staffing your business may require as it grows.

Business plans are about the future and the hypothetical challenges and successes that await. It's worth visualizing and documenting the details of your business so that the materials and network around your dream can begin to take shape.

What is the management section of a business plan?

The 'management section' describes your management team, staff, resources, and how your business ownership is structured.

What are the 5 sections of a business plan?

A business plan provides a road map showing your company's goals and how you'll achieve them. The five sections of a business plan are as follows:

• The  market analysis  outlines the demand for your product or service.
• The  competitive analysis  section shows your competition's strengths and weaknesses and your strategy for gaining market share.
• The management plan outlines your ownership structure, the management team, and staffing requirements.
• The  operating plan  details your business location and the facilities, equipment, and supplies needed to operate.
• The  financial plan  shows the map to financial success and the sources of funding, such as bank loans or investors.

SCORE. " Why Small Businesses Should Consider Workers’ Comp Insurance ."

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• Build Business Credit Fast
• Business Loan Eligibility Criteria
• Small-Business Bookkeeping Basics
• How to Set Financial Goals
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• How to Calculate ROI
• Calculate Net Income
• Calculate Working Capital
• Calculate Operating Income
• Calculate Net Present Value (NPV)
• Calculate Payroll Tax

How to Write a Business Plan in 9 Steps (+ Template and Examples)

Every successful business has one thing in common, a good and well-executed business plan. A business plan is more than a document, it is a complete guide that outlines the goals your business wants to achieve, including its financial goals . It helps you analyze results, make strategic decisions, show your business operations and growth.

If you want to start a business or already have one and need to pitch it to investors for funding, writing a good business plan improves your chances of attracting financiers. As a startup, if you want to secure loans from financial institutions, part of the requirements involve submitting your business plan.

Writing a business plan does not have to be a complicated or time-consuming process. In this article, you will learn the step-by-step process for writing a successful business plan.

You will also learn what you need a business plan for, tips and strategies for writing a convincing business plan, business plan examples and templates that will save you tons of time, and the alternatives to the traditional business plan.

Let’s get started.

What Do You Need A Business Plan For?

Businesses create business plans for different purposes such as to secure funds, monitor business growth, measure your marketing strategies, and measure your business success.

1. Secure Funds

One of the primary reasons for writing a business plan is to secure funds, either from financial institutions/agencies or investors.

For you to effectively acquire funds, your business plan must contain the key elements of your business plan . For example, your business plan should include your growth plans, goals you want to achieve, and milestones you have recorded.

A business plan can also attract new business partners that are willing to contribute financially and intellectually. If you are writing a business plan to a bank, your project must show your traction , that is, the proof that you can pay back any loan borrowed.

Also, if you are writing to an investor, your plan must contain evidence that you can effectively utilize the funds you want them to invest in your business. Here, you are using your business plan to persuade a group or an individual that your business is a source of a good investment.

2. Monitor Business Growth

A business plan can help you track cash flows in your business. It steers your business to greater heights. A business plan capable of tracking business growth should contain:

• The business goals
• Methods to achieve the goals
• Time-frame for attaining those goals

A good business plan should guide you through every step in achieving your goals. It can also track the allocation of assets to every aspect of the business. You can tell when you are spending more than you should on a project.

You can compare a business plan to a written GPS. It helps you manage your business and hints at the right time to expand your business.

3. Measure Business Success

A business plan can help you measure your business success rate. Some small-scale businesses are thriving better than more prominent companies because of their track record of success.

Right from the onset of your business operation, set goals and work towards them. Write a plan to guide you through your procedures. Use your plan to measure how much you have achieved and how much is left to attain.

You can also weigh your success by monitoring the position of your brand relative to competitors. On the other hand, a business plan can also show you why you have not achieved a goal. It can tell if you have elapsed the time frame you set to attain a goal.

4. Document Your Marketing Strategies

You can use a business plan to document your marketing plans. Every business should have an effective marketing plan.

Competition mandates every business owner to go the extraordinary mile to remain relevant in the market. Your business plan should contain your marketing strategies that work. You can measure the success rate of your marketing plans.

In your business plan, your marketing strategy must answer the questions:

• How do you want to reach your target audience?
• How do you plan to retain your customers?
• What is/are your pricing plans?
• What is your budget for marketing?

How to Write a Business Plan Step-by-Step

1. create your executive summary.

The executive summary is a snapshot of your business or a high-level overview of your business purposes and plans . Although the executive summary is the first section in your business plan, most people write it last. The length of the executive summary is not more than two pages.

Generally, there are nine sections in a business plan, the executive summary should condense essential ideas from the other eight sections.

A good executive summary should do the following:

• A Snapshot of Growth Potential. Briefly inform the reader about your company and why it will be successful)
• Contain your Mission Statement which explains what the main objective or focus of your business is.
• Product Description and Differentiation. Brief description of your products or services and why it is different from other solutions in the market.
• The Team. Basic information about your company’s leadership team and employees
• Business Concept. A solid description of what your business does.
• Target Market. The customers you plan to sell to.
• Marketing Strategy. Your plans on reaching and selling to your customers
• Current Financial State. Brief information about what revenue your business currently generates.
• Projected Financial State. Brief information about what you foresee your business revenue to be in the future.

The executive summary is the make-or-break section of your business plan. If your summary cannot in less than two pages cannot clearly describe how your business will solve a particular problem of your target audience and make a profit, your business plan is set on a faulty foundation.

Avoid using the executive summary to hype your business, instead, focus on helping the reader understand the what and how of your plan.

View the executive summary as an opportunity to introduce your vision for your company. You know your executive summary is powerful when it can answer these key questions:

• Who is your target audience?
• What sector or industry are you in?
• What are your products and services?
• What is the future of your industry?
• Is your company scaleable?
• Who are the owners and leaders of your company? What are their backgrounds and experience levels?
• What is the motivation for starting your company?
• What are the next steps?

Writing the executive summary last although it is the most important section of your business plan is an excellent idea. The reason why is because it is a high-level overview of your business plan. It is the section that determines whether potential investors and lenders will read further or not.

The executive summary can be a stand-alone document that covers everything in your business plan. It is not uncommon for investors to request only the executive summary when evaluating your business. If the information in the executive summary impresses them, they will ask for the complete business plan.

If you are writing your business plan for your planning purposes, you do not need to write the executive summary.

2. Add Your Company Overview

The company overview or description is the next section in your business plan after the executive summary. It describes what your business does.

Adding your company overview can be tricky especially when your business is still in the planning stages. Existing businesses can easily summarize their current operations but may encounter difficulties trying to explain what they plan to become.

Your company overview should contain the following:

• What products and services you will provide
• Geographical markets and locations your company have a presence
• What you need to run your business
• Who your target audience or customers are
• Who will service your customers
• Your company’s purpose, mission, and vision
• Information about your company’s founders
• Who the founders are
• Notable achievements of your company so far

When creating a company overview, you have to focus on three basics: identifying your industry, identifying your customer, and explaining the problem you solve.

If you are stuck when creating your company overview, try to answer some of these questions that pertain to you.

• Who are you targeting? (The answer is not everyone)
• What pain point does your product or service solve for your customers that they will be willing to spend money on resolving?
• How does your product or service overcome that pain point?
• Where is the location of your business?
• What products, equipment, and services do you need to run your business?
• How is your company’s product or service different from your competition in the eyes of your customers?
• How many employees do you need and what skills do you require them to have?

After answering some or all of these questions, you will get more than enough information you need to write your company overview or description section. When writing this section, describe what your company does for your customers.

The company description or overview section contains three elements: mission statement, history, and objectives.

• Mission Statement

The mission statement refers to the reason why your business or company is existing. It goes beyond what you do or sell, it is about the ‘why’. A good mission statement should be emotional and inspirational.

Your mission statement should follow the KISS rule (Keep It Simple, Stupid). For example, Shopify’s mission statement is “Make commerce better for everyone.”

When describing your company’s history, make it simple and avoid the temptation of tying it to a defensive narrative. Write it in the manner you would a profile. Your company’s history should include the following information:

• Founding Date
• Major Milestones
• Location(s)
• Flagship Products or Services
• Number of Employees
• Executive Leadership Roles

When you fill in this information, you use it to write one or two paragraphs about your company’s history.

Business Objectives

Your business objective must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.) Failure to clearly identify your business objectives does not inspire confidence and makes it hard for your team members to work towards a common purpose.

3. Perform Market and Competitive Analyses to Proof a Big Enough Business Opportunity

The third step in writing a business plan is the market and competitive analysis section. Every business, no matter the size, needs to perform comprehensive market and competitive analyses before it enters into a market.

Performing market and competitive analyses are critical for the success of your business. It helps you avoid entering the right market with the wrong product, or vice versa. Anyone reading your business plans, especially financiers and financial institutions will want to see proof that there is a big enough business opportunity you are targeting.

This section is where you describe the market and industry you want to operate in and show the big opportunities in the market that your business can leverage to make a profit. If you noticed any unique trends when doing your research, show them in this section.

Market analysis alone is not enough, you have to add competitive analysis to strengthen this section. There are already businesses in the industry or market, how do you plan to take a share of the market from them?

You have to clearly illustrate the competitive landscape in your business plan. Are there areas your competitors are doing well? Are there areas where they are not doing so well? Show it.

Make it clear in this section why you are moving into the industry and what weaknesses are present there that you plan to explain. How are your competitors going to react to your market entry? How do you plan to get customers? Do you plan on taking your competitors' competitors, tap into other sources for customers, or both?

Illustrate the competitive landscape as well. What are your competitors doing well and not so well?

Answering these questions and thoughts will aid your market and competitive analysis of the opportunities in your space. Depending on how sophisticated your industry is, or the expectations of your financiers, you may need to carry out a more comprehensive market and competitive analysis to prove that big business opportunity.

Instead of looking at the market and competitive analyses as one entity, separating them will make the research even more comprehensive.

Market Analysis

Market analysis, boarding speaking, refers to research a business carried out on its industry, market, and competitors. It helps businesses gain a good understanding of their target market and the outlook of their industry. Before starting a company, it is vital to carry out market research to find out if the market is viable.

The market analysis section is a key part of the business plan. It is the section where you identify who your best clients or customers are. You cannot omit this section, without it your business plan is incomplete.

A good market analysis will tell your readers how you fit into the existing market and what makes you stand out. This section requires in-depth research, it will probably be the most time-consuming part of the business plan to write.

• Market Research

To create a compelling market analysis that will win over investors and financial institutions, you have to carry out thorough market research . Your market research should be targeted at your primary target market for your products or services. Here is what you want to find out about your target market.

• Your target market’s needs or pain points
• The existing solutions for their pain points
• Geographic Location
• Demographics

The purpose of carrying out a marketing analysis is to get all the information you need to show that you have a solid and thorough understanding of your target audience.

Only after you have fully understood the people you plan to sell your products or services to, can you evaluate correctly if your target market will be interested in your products or services.

You can easily convince interested parties to invest in your business if you can show them you thoroughly understand the market and show them that there is a market for your products or services.

How to Quantify Your Target Market

One of the goals of your marketing research is to understand who your ideal customers are and their purchasing power. To quantify your target market, you have to determine the following:

• Your Potential Customers: They are the people you plan to target. For example, if you sell accounting software for small businesses , then anyone who runs an enterprise or large business is unlikely to be your customers. Also, individuals who do not have a business will most likely not be interested in your product.
• Total Households: If you are selling household products such as heating and air conditioning systems, determining the number of total households is more important than finding out the total population in the area you want to sell to. The logic is simple, people buy the product but it is the household that uses it.
• Median Income: You need to know the median income of your target market. If you target a market that cannot afford to buy your products and services, your business will not last long.
• Income by Demographics: If your potential customers belong to a certain age group or gender, determining income levels by demographics is necessary. For example, if you sell men's clothes, your target audience is men.

What Does a Good Market Analysis Entail?

Your business does not exist on its own, it can only flourish within an industry and alongside competitors. Market analysis takes into consideration your industry, target market, and competitors. Understanding these three entities will drastically improve your company’s chances of success.

You can view your market analysis as an examination of the market you want to break into and an education on the emerging trends and themes in that market. Good market analyses include the following:

• Industry Description. You find out about the history of your industry, the current and future market size, and who the largest players/companies are in your industry.
• Overview of Target Market. You research your target market and its characteristics. Who are you targeting? Note, it cannot be everyone, it has to be a specific group. You also have to find out all information possible about your customers that can help you understand how and why they make buying decisions.
• Size of Target Market: You need to know the size of your target market, how frequently they buy, and the expected quantity they buy so you do not risk overproducing and having lots of bad inventory. Researching the size of your target market will help you determine if it is big enough for sustained business or not.
• Growth Potential: Before picking a target market, you want to be sure there are lots of potential for future growth. You want to avoid going for an industry that is declining slowly or rapidly with almost zero growth potential.
• Market Share Potential: Does your business stand a good chance of taking a good share of the market?
• Market Pricing and Promotional Strategies: Your market analysis should give you an idea of the price point you can expect to charge for your products and services. Researching your target market will also give you ideas of pricing strategies you can implement to break into the market or to enjoy maximum profits.
• Potential Barriers to Entry: One of the biggest benefits of conducting market analysis is that it shows you every potential barrier to entry your business will likely encounter. It is a good idea to discuss potential barriers to entry such as changing technology. It informs readers of your business plan that you understand the market.
• Research on Competitors: You need to know the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors and how you can exploit them for the benefit of your business. Find patterns and trends among your competitors that make them successful, discover what works and what doesn’t, and see what you can do better.

The market analysis section is not just for talking about your target market, industry, and competitors. You also have to explain how your company can fill the hole you have identified in the market.

Here are some questions you can answer that can help you position your product or service in a positive light to your readers.

• Is your product or service of superior quality?
• What additional features do you offer that your competitors do not offer?
• Are you targeting a ‘new’ market?

Basically, your market analysis should include an analysis of what already exists in the market and an explanation of how your company fits into the market.

Competitive Analysis

In the competitive analysis section, y ou have to understand who your direct and indirect competitions are, and how successful they are in the marketplace. It is the section where you assess the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors, the advantage(s) they possess in the market and show the unique features or qualities that make you different from your competitors.

Many businesses do market analysis and competitive analysis together. However, to fully understand what the competitive analysis entails, it is essential to separate it from the market analysis.

Competitive analysis for your business can also include analysis on how to overcome barriers to entry in your target market.

The primary goal of conducting a competitive analysis is to distinguish your business from your competitors. A strong competitive analysis is essential if you want to convince potential funding sources to invest in your business. You have to show potential investors and lenders that your business has what it takes to compete in the marketplace successfully.

Competitive analysis will s how you what the strengths of your competition are and what they are doing to maintain that advantage.

When doing your competitive research, you first have to identify your competitor and then get all the information you can about them. The idea of spending time to identify your competitor and learn everything about them may seem daunting but it is well worth it.

Find answers to the following questions after you have identified who your competitors are.

• What are your successful competitors doing?
• Why is what they are doing working?
• Can your business do it better?
• What are the weaknesses of your successful competitors?
• What are they not doing well?
• Can your business turn its weaknesses into strengths?
• How good is your competitors’ customer service?
• Where do your competitors invest in advertising?
• What sales and pricing strategies are they using?
• What marketing strategies are they using?
• What kind of press coverage do they get?
• What are their customers saying about your competitors (both the positive and negative)?

If your competitors have a website, it is a good idea to visit their websites for more competitors’ research. Check their “About Us” page for more information.

If you are presenting your business plan to investors, you need to clearly distinguish yourself from your competitors. Investors can easily tell when you have not properly researched your competitors.

Take time to think about what unique qualities or features set you apart from your competitors. If you do not have any direct competition offering your product to the market, it does not mean you leave out the competitor analysis section blank. Instead research on other companies that are providing a similar product, or whose product is solving the problem your product solves.

The next step is to create a table listing the top competitors you want to include in your business plan. Ensure you list your business as the last and on the right. What you just created is known as the competitor analysis table.

Direct vs Indirect Competition

You cannot know if your product or service will be a fit for your target market if you have not understood your business and the competitive landscape.

There is no market you want to target where you will not encounter competition, even if your product is innovative. Including competitive analysis in your business plan is essential.

If you are entering an established market, you need to explain how you plan to differentiate your products from the available options in the market. Also, include a list of few companies that you view as your direct competitors The competition you face in an established market is your direct competition.

In situations where you are entering a market with no direct competition, it does not mean there is no competition there. Consider your indirect competition that offers substitutes for the products or services you offer.

For example, if you sell an innovative SaaS product, let us say a project management software , a company offering time management software is your indirect competition.

There is an easy way to find out who your indirect competitors are in the absence of no direct competitors. You simply have to research how your potential customers are solving the problems that your product or service seeks to solve. That is your direct competition.

Factors that Differentiate Your Business from the Competition

There are three main factors that any business can use to differentiate itself from its competition. They are cost leadership, product differentiation, and market segmentation.

1. Cost Leadership

A strategy you can impose to maximize your profits and gain an edge over your competitors. It involves offering lower prices than what the majority of your competitors are offering.

A common practice among businesses looking to enter into a market where there are dominant players is to use free trials or pricing to attract as many customers as possible to their offer.

2. Product Differentiation

Your product or service should have a unique selling proposition (USP) that your competitors do not have or do not stress in their marketing.

Part of the marketing strategy should involve making your products unique and different from your competitors. It does not have to be different from your competitors, it can be the addition to a feature or benefit that your competitors do not currently have.

3. Market Segmentation

As a new business seeking to break into an industry, you will gain more success from focusing on a specific niche or target market, and not the whole industry.

If your competitors are focused on a general need or target market, you can differentiate yourself from them by having a small and hyper-targeted audience. For example, if your competitors are selling men’s clothes in their online stores , you can sell hoodies for men.

4. Define Your Business and Management Structure

The next step in your business plan is your business and management structure. It is the section where you describe the legal structure of your business and the team running it.

Your business is only as good as the management team that runs it, while the management team can only strive when there is a proper business and management structure in place.

If your company is a sole proprietor or a limited liability company (LLC), a general or limited partnership, or a C or an S corporation, state it clearly in this section.

Use an organizational chart to show the management structure in your business. Clearly show who is in charge of what area in your company. It is where you show how each key manager or team leader’s unique experience can contribute immensely to the success of your company. You can also opt to add the resumes and CVs of the key players in your company.

The business and management structure section should show who the owner is, and other owners of the businesses (if the business has other owners). For businesses or companies with multiple owners, include the percent ownership of the various owners and clearly show the extent of each others’ involvement in the company.

Investors want to know who is behind the company and the team running it to determine if it has the right management to achieve its set goals.

Management Team

The management team section is where you show that you have the right team in place to successfully execute the business operations and ideas. Take time to create the management structure for your business. Think about all the important roles and responsibilities that you need managers for to grow your business.

Include brief bios of each key team member and ensure you highlight only the relevant information that is needed. If your team members have background industry experience or have held top positions for other companies and achieved success while filling that role, highlight it in this section.

A common mistake that many startups make is assigning C-level titles such as (CMO and CEO) to everyone on their team. It is unrealistic for a small business to have those titles. While it may look good on paper for the ego of your team members, it can prevent investors from investing in your business.

Instead of building an unrealistic management structure that does not fit your business reality, it is best to allow business titles to grow as the business grows. Starting everyone at the top leaves no room for future change or growth, which is bad for productivity.

Your management team does not have to be complete before you start writing your business plan. You can have a complete business plan even when there are managerial positions that are empty and need filling.

If you have management gaps in your team, simply show the gaps and indicate you are searching for the right candidates for the role(s). Investors do not expect you to have a full management team when you are just starting your business.

Key Questions to Answer When Structuring Your Management Team

• Who are the key leaders?
• What experiences, skills, and educational backgrounds do you expect your key leaders to have?
• Do your key leaders have industry experience?
• What positions will they fill and what duties will they perform in those positions?
• What level of authority do the key leaders have and what are their responsibilities?
• What is the salary for the various management positions that will attract the ideal candidates?

Additional Tips for Writing the Management Structure Section

1. Avoid Adding ‘Ghost’ Names to Your Management Team

There is always that temptation to include a ‘ghost’ name to your management team to attract and influence investors to invest in your business. Although the presence of these celebrity management team members may attract the attention of investors, it can cause your business to lose any credibility if you get found out.

Seasoned investors will investigate further the members of your management team before committing fully to your business If they find out that the celebrity name used does not play any actual role in your business, they will not invest and may write you off as dishonest.

2. Focus on Credentials But Pay Extra Attention to the Roles

Investors want to know the experience that your key team members have to determine if they can successfully reach the company’s growth and financial goals.

While it is an excellent boost for your key management team to have the right credentials, you also want to pay extra attention to the roles they will play in your company.

Organizational Chart

Adding an organizational chart in this section of your business plan is not necessary, you can do it in your business plan’s appendix.

If you are exploring funding options, it is not uncommon to get asked for your organizational chart. The function of an organizational chart goes beyond raising money, you can also use it as a useful planning tool for your business.

An organizational chart can help you identify how best to structure your management team for maximum productivity and point you towards key roles you need to fill in the future.

You can use the organizational chart to show your company’s internal management structure such as the roles and responsibilities of your management team, and relationships that exist between them.

5. Describe Your Product and Service Offering

In your business plan, you have to describe what you sell or the service you plan to offer. It is the next step after defining your business and management structure. The products and services section is where you sell the benefits of your business.

Here you have to explain how your product or service will benefit your customers and describe your product lifecycle. It is also the section where you write down your plans for intellectual property like patent filings and copyrighting.

The research and development that you are undertaking for your product or service need to be explained in detail in this section. However, do not get too technical, sell the general idea and its benefits.

If you have any diagrams or intricate designs of your product or service, do not include them in the products and services section. Instead, leave them for the addendum page. Also, if you are leaving out diagrams or designs for the addendum, ensure you add this phrase “For more detail, visit the addendum Page #.”

Your product and service section in your business plan should include the following:

• A detailed explanation that clearly shows how your product or service works.
• The pricing model for your product or service.
• Your business’ sales and distribution strategy.
• The ideal customers that want your product or service.
• The benefits of your products and services.
• Reason(s) why your product or service is a better alternative to what your competitors are currently offering in the market.
• Plans for filling the orders you receive
• If you have current or pending patents, copyrights, and trademarks for your product or service, you can also discuss them in this section.

What to Focus On When Describing the Benefits, Lifecycle, and Production Process of Your Products or Services

In the products and services section, you have to distill the benefits, lifecycle, and production process of your products and services.

When describing the benefits of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Unique features
• Translating the unique features into benefits
• The emotional, psychological, and practical payoffs to attract customers
• Intellectual property rights or any patents

When describing the product life cycle of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Upsells, cross-sells, and down-sells
• Time between purchases
• Plans for research and development.

When describing the production process for your products or services, you need to think about the following:

• The creation of new or existing products and services.
• The sources for the raw materials or components you need for production.
• Assembling the products
• Maintaining quality control
• Supply-chain logistics (receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products)
• The day-to-day management of the production processes, bookkeeping, and inventory.

Tips for Writing the Products or Services Section of Your Business Plan

1. Avoid Technical Descriptions and Industry Buzzwords

The products and services section of your business plan should clearly describe the products and services that your company provides. However, it is not a section to include technical jargons that anyone outside your industry will not understand.

A good practice is to remove highly detailed or technical descriptions in favor of simple terms. Industry buzzwords are not necessary, if there are simpler terms you can use, then use them. If you plan to use your business plan to source funds, making the product or service section so technical will do you no favors.

2. Describe How Your Products or Services Differ from Your Competitors

When potential investors look at your business plan, they want to know how the products and services you are offering differ from that of your competition. Differentiating your products or services from your competition in a way that makes your solution more attractive is critical.

If you are going the innovative path and there is no market currently for your product or service, you need to describe in this section why the market needs your product or service.

For example, overnight delivery was a niche business that only a few companies were participating in. Federal Express (FedEx) had to show in its business plan that there was a large opportunity for that service and they justified why the market needed that service.

3. Long or Short Products or Services Section

Should your products or services section be short? Does the long products or services section attract more investors?

There are no straightforward answers to these questions. Whether your products or services section should be long or relatively short depends on the nature of your business.

If your business is product-focused, then automatically you need to use more space to describe the details of your products. However, if the product your business sells is a commodity item that relies on competitive pricing or other pricing strategies, you do not have to use up so much space to provide significant details about the product.

Likewise, if you are selling a commodity that is available in numerous outlets, then you do not have to spend time on writing a long products or services section.

The key to the success of your business is most likely the effectiveness of your marketing strategies compared to your competitors. Use more space to address that section.

If you are creating a new product or service that the market does not know about, your products or services section can be lengthy. The reason why is because you need to explain everything about the product or service such as the nature of the product, its use case, and values.

A short products or services section for an innovative product or service will not give the readers enough information to properly evaluate your business.

4. Describe Your Relationships with Vendors or Suppliers

Your business will rely on vendors or suppliers to supply raw materials or the components needed to make your products. In your products and services section, describe your relationships with your vendors and suppliers fully.

Avoid the mistake of relying on only one supplier or vendor. If that supplier or vendor fails to supply or goes out of business, you can easily face supply problems and struggle to meet your demands. Plan to set up multiple vendor or supplier relationships for better business stability.

5. Your Primary Goal Is to Convince Your Readers

The primary goal of your business plan is to convince your readers that your business is viable and to create a guide for your business to follow. It applies to the products and services section.

When drafting this section, think like the reader. See your reader as someone who has no idea about your products and services. You are using the products and services section to provide the needed information to help your reader understand your products and services. As a result, you have to be clear and to the point.

While you want to educate your readers about your products or services, you also do not want to bore them with lots of technical details. Show your products and services and not your fancy choice of words.

Your products and services section should provide the answer to the “what” question for your business. You and your management team may run the business, but it is your products and services that are the lifeblood of the business.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing your Products and Services Section

Answering these questions can help you write your products and services section quickly and in a way that will appeal to your readers.

• Are your products existing on the market or are they still in the development stage?
• What is your timeline for adding new products and services to the market?
• What are the positives that make your products and services different from your competitors?
• Do your products and services have any competitive advantage that your competitors’ products and services do not currently have?
• Do your products or services have any competitive disadvantages that you need to overcome to compete with your competitors? If your answer is yes, state how you plan to overcome them,
• How much does it cost to produce your products or services? How much do you plan to sell it for?
• What is the price for your products and services compared to your competitors? Is pricing an issue?
• What are your operating costs and will it be low enough for you to compete with your competitors and still take home a reasonable profit margin?
• What is your plan for acquiring your products? Are you involved in the production of your products or services?
• Are you the manufacturer and produce all the components you need to create your products? Do you assemble your products by using components supplied by other manufacturers? Do you purchase your products directly from suppliers or wholesalers?
• Do you have a steady supply of products that you need to start your business? (If your business is yet to kick-off)
• How do you plan to distribute your products or services to the market?

You can also hint at the marketing or promotion plans you have for your products or services such as how you plan to build awareness or retain customers. The next section is where you can go fully into details about your business’s marketing and sales plan.

6. Show and Explain Your Marketing and Sales Plan

Providing great products and services is wonderful, but it means nothing if you do not have a marketing and sales plan to inform your customers about them. Your marketing and sales plan is critical to the success of your business.

The sales and marketing section is where you show and offer a detailed explanation of your marketing and sales plan and how you plan to execute it. It covers your pricing plan, proposed advertising and promotion activities, activities and partnerships you need to make your business a success, and the benefits of your products and services.

There are several ways you can approach your marketing and sales strategy. Ideally, your marketing and sales strategy has to fit the unique needs of your business.

In this section, you describe how the plans your business has for attracting and retaining customers, and the exact process for making a sale happen. It is essential to thoroughly describe your complete marketing and sales plans because you are still going to reference this section when you are making financial projections for your business.

Outline Your Business’ Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

The sales and marketing section is where you outline your business’s unique selling proposition (USP). When you are developing your unique selling proposition, think about the strongest reasons why people should buy from you over your competition. That reason(s) is most likely a good fit to serve as your unique selling proposition (USP).

Target Market and Target Audience

Plans on how to get your products or services to your target market and how to get your target audience to buy them go into this section. You also highlight the strengths of your business here, particularly what sets them apart from your competition.

Before you start writing your marketing and sales plan, you need to have properly defined your target audience and fleshed out your buyer persona. If you do not first understand the individual you are marketing to, your marketing and sales plan will lack any substance and easily fall.

Creating a Smart Marketing and Sales Plan

Marketing your products and services is an investment that requires you to spend money. Like any other investment, you have to generate a good return on investment (ROI) to justify using that marketing and sales plan. Good marketing and sales plans bring in high sales and profits to your company.

Avoid spending money on unproductive marketing channels. Do your research and find out the best marketing and sales plan that works best for your company.

Your marketing and sales plan can be broken into different parts: your positioning statement, pricing, promotion, packaging, advertising, public relations, content marketing, social media, and strategic alliances.

Your Positioning Statement

Your positioning statement is the first part of your marketing and sales plan. It refers to the way you present your company to your customers.

Are you the premium solution, the low-price solution, or are you the intermediary between the two extremes in the market? What do you offer that your competitors do not that can give you leverage in the market?

Before you start writing your positioning statement, you need to spend some time evaluating the current market conditions. Here are some questions that can help you to evaluate the market

• What are the unique features or benefits that you offer that your competitors lack?
• What are your customers’ primary needs and wants?
• Why should a customer choose you over your competition? How do you plan to differentiate yourself from the competition?
• How does your company’s solution compare with other solutions in the market?

After answering these questions, then you can start writing your positioning statement. Your positioning statement does not have to be in-depth or too long.

All you need to explain with your positioning statement are two focus areas. The first is the position of your company within the competitive landscape. The other focus area is the core value proposition that sets your company apart from other alternatives that your ideal customer might consider.

Here is a simple template you can use to develop a positioning statement.

For [description of target market] who [need of target market], [product or service] [how it meets the need]. Unlike [top competition], it [most essential distinguishing feature].

For example, let’s create the positioning statement for fictional accounting software and QuickBooks alternative , TBooks.

“For small business owners who need accounting services, TBooks is an accounting software that helps small businesses handle their small business bookkeeping basics quickly and easily. Unlike Wave, TBooks gives small businesses access to live sessions with top accountants.”

You can edit this positioning statement sample and fill it with your business details.

After writing your positioning statement, the next step is the pricing of your offerings. The overall positioning strategy you set in your positioning statement will often determine how you price your products or services.

Pricing is a powerful tool that sends a strong message to your customers. Failure to get your pricing strategy right can make or mar your business. If you are targeting a low-income audience, setting a premium price can result in low sales.

You can use pricing to communicate your positioning to your customers. For example, if you are offering a product at a premium price, you are sending a message to your customers that the product belongs to the premium category.

Basic Rules to Follow When Pricing Your Offering

Setting a price for your offering involves more than just putting a price tag on it. Deciding on the right pricing for your offering requires following some basic rules. They include covering your costs, primary and secondary profit center pricing, and matching the market rate.

• Covering Your Costs: The price you set for your products or service should be more than it costs you to produce and deliver them. Every business has the same goal, to make a profit. Depending on the strategy you want to use, there are exceptions to this rule. However, the vast majority of businesses follow this rule.
• Primary and Secondary Profit Center Pricing: When a company sets its price above the cost of production, it is making that product its primary profit center. A company can also decide not to make its initial price its primary profit center by selling below or at even with its production cost. It rather depends on the support product or even maintenance that is associated with the initial purchase to make its profit. The initial price thus became its secondary profit center.
• Matching the Market Rate: A good rule to follow when pricing your products or services is to match your pricing with consumer demand and expectations. If you price your products or services beyond the price your customer perceives as the ideal price range, you may end up with no customers. Pricing your products too low below what your customer perceives as the ideal price range may lead to them undervaluing your offering.

Pricing Strategy

Your pricing strategy influences the price of your offering. There are several pricing strategies available for you to choose from when examining the right pricing strategy for your business. They include cost-plus pricing, market-based pricing, value pricing, and more.

• Cost-plus Pricing: This strategy is one of the simplest and oldest pricing strategies. Here you consider the cost of producing a unit of your product and then add a profit to it to arrive at your market price. It is an effective pricing strategy for manufacturers because it helps them cover their initial costs. Another name for the cost-plus pricing strategy is the markup pricing strategy.
• Market-based Pricing: This pricing strategy analyses the market including competitors’ pricing and then sets a price based on what the market is expecting. With this pricing strategy, you can either set your price at the low-end or high-end of the market.
• Value Pricing: This pricing strategy involves setting a price based on the value you are providing to your customer. When adopting a value-based pricing strategy, you have to set a price that your customers are willing to pay. Service-based businesses such as small business insurance providers , luxury goods sellers, and the fashion industry use this pricing strategy.

After carefully sorting out your positioning statement and pricing, the next item to look at is your promotional strategy. Your promotional strategy explains how you plan on communicating with your customers and prospects.

As a business, you must measure all your costs, including the cost of your promotions. You also want to measure how much sales your promotions bring for your business to determine its usefulness. Promotional strategies or programs that do not lead to profit need to be removed.

There are different types of promotional strategies you can adopt for your business, they include advertising, public relations, and content marketing.

Advertising

Your business plan should include your advertising plan which can be found in the marketing and sales plan section. You need to include an overview of your advertising plans such as the areas you plan to spend money on to advertise your business and offers.

Ensure that you make it clear in this section if your business will be advertising online or using the more traditional offline media, or the combination of both online and offline media. You can also include the advertising medium you want to use to raise awareness about your business and offers.

Some common online advertising mediums you can use include social media ads, landing pages, sales pages, SEO, Pay-Per-Click, emails, Google Ads, and others. Some common traditional and offline advertising mediums include word of mouth, radios, direct mail, televisions, flyers, billboards, posters, and others.

A key component of your advertising strategy is how you plan to measure the effectiveness and success of your advertising campaign. There is no point in sticking with an advertising plan or medium that does not produce results for your business in the long run.

Public Relations

A great way to reach your customers is to get the media to cover your business or product. Publicity, especially good ones, should be a part of your marketing and sales plan. In this section, show your plans for getting prominent reviews of your product from reputable publications and sources.

Your business needs that exposure to grow. If public relations is a crucial part of your promotional strategy, provide details about your public relations plan here.

Content Marketing

Content marketing is a popular promotional strategy used by businesses to inform and attract their customers. It is about teaching and educating your prospects on various topics of interest in your niche, it does not just involve informing them about the benefits and features of the products and services you have,

Businesses publish content usually for free where they provide useful information, tips, and advice so that their target market can be made aware of the importance of their products and services. Content marketing strategies seek to nurture prospects into buyers over time by simply providing value.

Your company can create a blog where it will be publishing content for its target market. You will need to use the best website builder such as Wix and Squarespace and the best web hosting services such as Bluehost, Hostinger, and other Bluehost alternatives to create a functional blog or website.

If content marketing is a crucial part of your promotional strategy (as it should be), detail your plans under promotions.

Including high-quality images of the packaging of your product in your business plan is a lovely idea. You can add the images of the packaging of that product in the marketing and sales plan section. If you are not selling a product, then you do not need to include any worry about the physical packaging of your product.

When organizing the packaging section of your business plan, you can answer the following questions to make maximum use of this section.

• Is your choice of packaging consistent with your positioning strategy?
• What key value proposition does your packaging communicate? (It should reflect the key value proposition of your business)
• How does your packaging compare to that of your competitors?

Social Media

Your 21st-century business needs to have a good social media presence. Not having one is leaving out opportunities for growth and reaching out to your prospect.

You do not have to join the thousands of social media platforms out there. What you need to do is join the ones that your customers are active on and be active there.

Businesses use social media to provide information about their products such as promotions, discounts, the benefits of their products, and content on their blogs.

Social media is also a platform for engaging with your customers and getting feedback about your products or services. Make no mistake, more and more of your prospects are using social media channels to find more information about companies.

You need to consider the social media channels you want to prioritize your business (prioritize the ones your customers are active in) and your branding plans in this section.

Strategic Alliances

If your company plans to work closely with other companies as part of your sales and marketing plan, include it in this section. Prove details about those partnerships in your business plan if you have already established them.

Strategic alliances can be beneficial for all parties involved including your company. Working closely with another company in the form of a partnership can provide access to a different target market segment for your company.

The company you are partnering with may also gain access to your target market or simply offer a new product or service (that of your company) to its customers.

Mutually beneficial partnerships can cover the weaknesses of one company with the strength of another. You should consider strategic alliances with companies that sell complimentary products to yours. For example, if you provide printers, you can partner with a company that produces ink since the customers that buy printers from you will also need inks for printing.

Steps Involved in Creating a Marketing and Sales Plan

1. Focus on Your Target Market

Identify who your customers are, the market you want to target. Then determine the best ways to get your products or services to your potential customers.

2. Evaluate Your Competition

One of the goals of having a marketing plan is to distinguish yourself from your competition. You cannot stand out from them without first knowing them in and out.

You can know your competitors by gathering information about their products, pricing, service, and advertising campaigns.

These questions can help you know your competition.

• What makes your competition successful?
• What are their weaknesses?
• What are customers saying about your competition?

3. Consider Your Brand

Customers' perception of your brand has a strong impact on your sales. Your marketing and sales plan should seek to bolster the image of your brand. Before you start marketing your business, think about the message you want to pass across about your business and your products and services.

4. Focus on Benefits

The majority of your customers do not view your product in terms of features, what they want to know is the benefits and solutions your product offers. Think about the problems your product solves and the benefits it delivers, and use it to create the right sales and marketing message.

Your marketing plan should focus on what you want your customer to get instead of what you provide. Identify those benefits in your marketing and sales plan.

5. Focus on Differentiation

Your marketing and sales plan should look for a unique angle they can take that differentiates your business from the competition, even if the products offered are similar. Some good areas of differentiation you can use are your benefits, pricing, and features.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing Your Marketing and Sales Plan

• What is your company’s budget for sales and marketing campaigns?
• What key metrics will you use to determine if your marketing plans are successful?
• What are your alternatives if your initial marketing efforts do not succeed?
• Who are the sales representatives you need to promote your products or services?
• What are the marketing and sales channels you plan to use? How do you plan to get your products in front of your ideal customers?
• Where will you sell your products?

You may want to include samples of marketing materials you plan to use such as print ads, website descriptions, and social media ads. While it is not compulsory to include these samples, it can help you better communicate your marketing and sales plan and objectives.

The purpose of the marketing and sales section is to answer this question “How will you reach your customers?” If you cannot convincingly provide an answer to this question, you need to rework your marketing and sales section.

7. Clearly Show Your Funding Request

If you are writing your business plan to ask for funding from investors or financial institutions, the funding request section is where you will outline your funding requirements. The funding request section should answer the question ‘How much money will your business need in the near future (3 to 5 years)?’

A good funding request section will clearly outline and explain the amount of funding your business needs over the next five years. You need to know the amount of money your business needs to make an accurate funding request.

Also, when writing your funding request, provide details of how the funds will be used over the period. Specify if you want to use the funds to buy raw materials or machinery, pay salaries, pay for advertisements, and cover specific bills such as rent and electricity.

In addition to explaining what you want to use the funds requested for, you need to clearly state the projected return on investment (ROI) . Investors and creditors want to know if your business can generate profit for them if they put funds into it.

Ensure you do not inflate the figures and stay as realistic as possible. Investors and financial institutions you are seeking funds from will do their research before investing money in your business.

If you are not sure of an exact number to request from, you can use some range of numbers as rough estimates. Add a best-case scenario and a work-case scenario to your funding request. Also, include a description of your strategic future financial plans such as selling your business or paying off debts.

Funding Request: Debt or Equity?

When making your funding request, specify the type of funding you want. Do you want debt or equity? Draw out the terms that will be applicable for the funding, and the length of time the funding request will cover.

Case for Equity

If your new business has not yet started generating profits, you are most likely preparing to sell equity in your business to raise capital at the early stage. Equity here refers to ownership. In this case, you are selling a portion of your company to raise capital.

Although this method of raising capital for your business does not put your business in debt, keep in mind that an equity owner may expect to play a key role in company decisions even if he does not hold a major stake in the company.

Most equity sales for startups are usually private transactions . If you are making a funding request by offering equity in exchange for funding, let the investor know that they will be paid a dividend (a share of the company’s profit). Also, let the investor know the process for selling their equity in your business.

Case for Debt

You may decide not to offer equity in exchange for funds, instead, you make a funding request with the promise to pay back the money borrowed at the agreed time frame.

When making a funding request with an agreement to pay back, note that you will have to repay your creditors both the principal amount borrowed and the interest on it. Financial institutions offer this type of funding for businesses.

Large companies combine both equity and debt in their capital structure. When drafting your business plan, decide if you want to offer both or one over the other.

Before you sell equity in exchange for funding in your business, consider if you are willing to accept not being in total control of your business. Also, before you seek loans in your funding request section, ensure that the terms of repayment are favorable.

You should set a clear timeline in your funding request so that potential investors and creditors can know what you are expecting. Some investors and creditors may agree to your funding request and then delay payment for longer than 30 days, meanwhile, your business needs an immediate cash injection to operate efficiently.

Additional Tips for Writing the Funding Request Section of your Business Plan

The funding request section is not necessary for every business, it is only needed by businesses who plan to use their business plan to secure funding.

If you are adding the funding request section to your business plan, provide an itemized summary of how you plan to use the funds requested. Hiring a lawyer, accountant, or other professionals may be necessary for the proper development of this section.

You should also gather and use financial statements that add credibility and support to your funding requests. Ensure that the financial statements you use should include your projected financial data such as projected cash flows, forecast statements, and expenditure budgets.

If you are an existing business, include all historical financial statements such as cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements .

Provide monthly and quarterly financial statements for a year. If your business has records that date back beyond the one-year mark, add the yearly statements of those years. These documents are for the appendix section of your business plan.

8. Detail Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projections

If you used the funding request section in your business plan, supplement it with a financial plan, metrics, and projections. This section paints a picture of the past performance of your business and then goes ahead to make an informed projection about its future.

The goal of this section is to convince readers that your business is going to be a financial success. It outlines your business plan to generate enough profit to repay the loan (with interest if applicable) and to generate a decent return on investment for investors.

If you have an existing business already in operation, use this section to demonstrate stability through finance. This section should include your cash flow statements, balance sheets, and income statements covering the last three to five years. If your business has some acceptable collateral that you can use to acquire loans, list it in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

Apart from current financial statements, this section should also contain a prospective financial outlook that spans the next five years. Include forecasted income statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets, and capital expenditure budget.

If your business is new and is not yet generating profit, use clear and realistic projections to show the potentials of your business.

When drafting this section, research industry norms and the performance of comparable businesses. Your financial projections should cover at least five years. State the logic behind your financial projections. Remember you can always make adjustments to this section as the variables change.

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section create a baseline which your business can either exceed or fail to reach. If your business fails to reach your projections in this section, you need to understand why it failed.

Investors and loan managers spend a lot of time going through the financial plan, metrics, and projection section compared to other parts of the business plan. Ensure you spend time creating credible financial analyses for your business in this section.

Many entrepreneurs find this section daunting to write. You do not need a business degree to create a solid financial forecast for your business. Business finances, especially for startups, are not as complicated as they seem. There are several online tools and templates that make writing this section so much easier.

Use Graphs and Charts

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section is a great place to use graphs and charts to tell the financial story of your business. Charts and images make it easier to communicate your finances.

Accuracy in this section is key, ensure you carefully analyze your past financial statements properly before making financial projects.

Address the Risk Factors and Show Realistic Financial Projections

Keep your financial plan, metrics, and projection realistic. It is okay to be optimistic in your financial projection, however, you have to justify it.

You should also address the various risk factors associated with your business in this section. Investors want to know the potential risks involved, show them. You should also show your plans for mitigating those risks.

What You Should In The Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection Section of Your Business Plan

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section of your business plan should have monthly sales and revenue forecasts for the first year. It should also include annual projections that cover 3 to 5 years.

A three-year projection is a basic requirement to have in your business plan. However, some investors may request a five-year forecast.

Your business plan should include the following financial statements: sales forecast, personnel plan, income statement, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, and an exit strategy.

1. Sales Forecast

Sales forecast refers to your projections about the number of sales your business is going to record over the next few years. It is typically broken into several rows, with each row assigned to a core product or service that your business is offering.

One common mistake people make in their business plan is to break down the sales forecast section into long details. A sales forecast should forecast the high-level details.

For example, if you are forecasting sales for a payroll software provider, you could break down your forecast into target market segments or subscription categories.

Your sales forecast section should also have a corresponding row for each sales row to cover the direct cost or Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The objective of these rows is to show the expenses that your business incurs in making and delivering your product or service.

Note that your Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) should only cover those direct costs incurred when making your products. Other indirect expenses such as insurance, salaries, payroll tax, and rent should not be included.

For example, the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for a restaurant is the cost of ingredients while for a consulting company it will be the cost of paper and other presentation materials.

2. Personnel Plan

The personnel plan section is where you provide details about the payment plan for your employees. For a small business, you can easily list every position in your company and how much you plan to pay in the personnel plan.

However, for larger businesses, you have to break the personnel plan into functional groups such as sales and marketing.

The personnel plan will also include the cost of an employee beyond salary, commonly referred to as the employee burden. These costs include insurance, payroll taxes , and other essential costs incurred monthly as a result of having employees on your payroll.

3. Income Statement

The income statement section shows if your business is making a profit or taking a loss. Another name for the income statement is the profit and loss (P&L). It takes data from your sales forecast and personnel plan and adds other ongoing expenses you incur while running your business.

Every business plan should have an income statement. It subtracts your business expenses from its earnings to show if your business is generating profit or incurring losses.

The income statement has the following items: sales, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), gross margin, operating expenses, total operating expenses, operating income , total expenses, and net profit.

• Sales refer to the revenue your business generates from selling its products or services. Other names for sales are income or revenue.
• Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) refers to the total cost of selling your products. Other names for COGS are direct costs or cost of sales. Manufacturing businesses use the Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM) .
• Gross Margin is the figure you get when you subtract your COGS from your sales. In your income statement, you can express it as a percentage of total sales (Gross margin / Sales = Gross Margin Percent).
• Operating Expenses refer to all the expenses you incur from running your business. It exempts the COGS because it stands alone as a core part of your income statement. You also have to exclude taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Your operating expenses include salaries, marketing expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, and other expenses.
• Total Operating Expenses refers to the sum of all your operating expenses including those exemptions named above under operating expenses.
• Operating Income refers to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It is simply known as the acronym EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Calculating your operating income is simple, all you need to do is to subtract your COGS and total operating expenses from your sales.
• Total Expenses refer to the sum of your operating expenses and your business’ interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
• Net profit shows whether your business has made a profit or taken a loss during a given timeframe.

4. Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement tracks the money you have in the bank at any given point. It is often confused with the income statement or the profit and loss statement. They are both different types of financial statements. The income statement calculates your profits and losses while the cash flow statement shows you how much you have in the bank.

5. Balance Sheet

The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides an overview of the financial health of your business. It contains information about the assets and liabilities of your company, and owner’s or shareholders’ equity.

You can get the net worth of your company by subtracting your company’s liabilities from its assets.

6. Exit Strategy

The exit strategy refers to a probable plan for selling your business either to the public in an IPO or to another company. It is the last thing you include in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

You can choose to omit the exit strategy from your business plan if you plan to maintain full ownership of your business and do not plan on seeking angel investment or virtual capitalist (VC) funding.

Investors may want to know what your exit plan is. They invest in your business to get a good return on investment.

Your exit strategy does not have to include long and boring details. Ensure you identify some interested parties who may be interested in buying the company if it becomes a success.

Key Questions to Answer with Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection

Your financial plan, metrics, and projection section helps investors, creditors, or your internal managers to understand what your expenses are, the amount of cash you need, and what it takes to make your company profitable. It also shows what you will be doing with any funding.

You do not need to show actual financial data if you do not have one. Adding forecasts and projections to your financial statements is added proof that your strategy is feasible and shows investors you have planned properly.

Here are some key questions to answer to help you develop this section.

• What is your sales forecast for the next year?
• When will your company achieve a positive cash flow?
• What are the core expenses you need to operate?
• How much money do you need upfront to operate or grow your company?
• How will you use the loans or investments?

9. Add an Appendix to Your Business Plan

Adding an appendix to your business plan is optional. It is a useful place to put any charts, tables, legal notes, definitions, permits, résumés, and other critical information that do not fit into other sections of your business plan.

The appendix section is where you would want to include details of a patent or patent-pending if you have one. You can always add illustrations or images of your products here. It is the last section of your business plan.

When writing your business plan, there are details you cut short or remove to prevent the entire section from becoming too lengthy. There are also details you want to include in the business plan but are not a good fit for any of the previous sections. You can add that additional information to the appendix section.

Businesses also use the appendix section to include supporting documents or other materials specially requested by investors or lenders.

You can include just about any information that supports the assumptions and statements you made in the business plan under the appendix. It is the one place in the business plan where unrelated data and information can coexist amicably.

If your appendix section is lengthy, try organizing it by adding a table of contents at the beginning of the appendix section. It is also advisable to group similar information to make it easier for the reader to access them.

A well-organized appendix section makes it easier to share your information clearly and concisely. Add footnotes throughout the rest of the business plan or make references in the plan to the documents in the appendix.

The appendix section is usually only necessary if you are seeking funding from investors or lenders, or hoping to attract partners.

People reading business plans do not want to spend time going through a heap of backup information, numbers, and charts. Keep these documents or information in the Appendix section in case the reader wants to dig deeper.

Common Items to Include in the Appendix Section of Your Business Plan

The appendix section includes documents that supplement or support the information or claims given in other sections of the business plans. Common items you can include in the appendix section include:

• Additional data about the process of manufacturing or creation
• Additional description of products or services such as product schematics
• Additional financial documents or projections
• Articles of incorporation and status
• Backup for market research or competitive analysis
• Bank statements
• Business registries
• Client testimonials (if your business is already running)
• Copies of insurances
• Credit histories (personal or/and business)
• Deeds and permits
• Equipment leases
• Examples of marketing and advertising collateral
• Industry associations and memberships
• Images of product
• Intellectual property
• Key customer contracts
• Legal documents and other contracts
• Letters of reference
• Links to references
• Market research data
• Organizational charts
• Photographs of potential facilities
• Professional licenses pertaining to your legal structure or type of business
• Purchase orders
• Resumes of the founder(s) and key managers
• State and federal identification numbers or codes
• Trademarks or patents’ registrations

Avoid using the appendix section as a place to dump any document or information you feel like adding. Only add documents or information that you support or increase the credibility of your business plan.

Tips and Strategies for Writing a Convincing Business Plan

To achieve a perfect business plan, you need to consider some key tips and strategies. These tips will raise the efficiency of your business plan above average.

1. Know Your Audience

When writing a business plan, you need to know your audience . Business owners write business plans for different reasons. Your business plan has to be specific. For example, you can write business plans to potential investors, banks, and even fellow board members of the company.

The audience you are writing to determines the structure of the business plan. As a business owner, you have to know your audience. Not everyone will be your audience. Knowing your audience will help you to narrow the scope of your business plan.

Consider what your audience wants to see in your projects, the likely questions they might ask, and what interests them.

• A business plan used to address a company's board members will center on its employment schemes, internal affairs, projects, stakeholders, etc.
• A business plan for financial institutions will talk about the size of your market and the chances for you to pay back any loans you demand.
• A business plan for investors will show proof that you can return the investment capital within a specific time. In addition, it discusses your financial projections, tractions, and market size.

2. Get Inspiration from People

Writing a business plan from scratch as an entrepreneur can be daunting. That is why you need the right inspiration to push you to write one. You can gain inspiration from the successful business plans of other businesses. Look at their business plans, the style they use, the structure of the project, etc.

To make your business plan easier to create, search companies related to your business to get an exact copy of what you need to create an effective business plan. You can also make references while citing examples in your business plans.

When drafting your business plan, get as much help from others as you possibly can. By getting inspiration from people, you can create something better than what they have.

3. Avoid Being Over Optimistic

Many business owners make use of strong adjectives to qualify their content. One of the big mistakes entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is promising too much.

The use of superlatives and over-optimistic claims can prepare the audience for more than you can offer. In the end, you disappoint the confidence they have in you.

In most cases, the best option is to be realistic with your claims and statistics. Most of the investors can sense a bit of incompetency from the overuse of superlatives. As a new entrepreneur, do not be tempted to over-promise to get the interests of investors.

The concept of entrepreneurship centers on risks, nothing is certain when you make future analyses. What separates the best is the ability to do careful research and work towards achieving that, not promising more than you can achieve.

To make an excellent first impression as an entrepreneur, replace superlatives with compelling data-driven content. In this way, you are more specific than someone promising a huge ROI from an investment.

4. Keep it Simple and Short

When writing business plans, ensure you keep them simple throughout. Irrespective of the purpose of the business plan, your goal is to convince the audience.

One way to achieve this goal is to make them understand your proposal. Therefore, it would be best if you avoid the use of complex grammar to express yourself. It would be a huge turn-off if the people you want to convince are not familiar with your use of words.

Another thing to note is the length of your business plan. It would be best if you made it as brief as possible.

You hardly see investors or agencies that read through an extremely long document. In that case, if your first few pages can’t convince them, then you have lost it. The more pages you write, the higher the chances of you derailing from the essential contents.

To ensure your business plan has a high conversion rate, you need to dispose of every unnecessary information. For example, if you have a strategy that you are not sure of, it would be best to leave it out of the plan.

5. Make an Outline and Follow Through

A perfect business plan must have touched every part needed to convince the audience. Business owners get easily tempted to concentrate more on their products than on other sections. Doing this can be detrimental to the efficiency of the business plan.

For example, imagine you talking about a product but omitting or providing very little information about the target audience. You will leave your clients confused.

To ensure that your business plan communicates your full business model to readers, you have to input all the necessary information in it. One of the best ways to achieve this is to design a structure and stick to it.

This structure is what guides you throughout the writing. To make your work easier, you can assign an estimated word count or page limit to every section to avoid making it too bulky for easy reading. As a guide, the necessary things your business plan must contain are:

• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Product or service description
• Target audience
• Market size
• Competition analysis
• Financial projections

Some specific businesses can include some other essential sections, but these are the key sections that must be in every business plan.

6. Ask a Professional to Proofread

When writing a business plan, you must tie all loose ends to get a perfect result. When you are done with writing, call a professional to go through the document for you. You are bound to make mistakes, and the way to correct them is to get external help.

You should get a professional in your field who can relate to every section of your business plan. It would be easier for the professional to notice the inner flaws in the document than an editor with no knowledge of your business.

In addition to getting a professional to proofread, get an editor to proofread and edit your document. The editor will help you identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inappropriate writing styles.

Writing a business plan can be daunting, but you can surmount that obstacle and get the best out of it with these tips.

Business Plan Examples and Templates That’ll Save You Tons of Time

1. hubspot's one-page business plan.

The one-page business plan template by HubSpot is the perfect guide for businesses of any size, irrespective of their business strategy. Although the template is condensed into a page, your final business plan should not be a page long! The template is designed to ask helpful questions that can help you develop your business plan.

Hubspot’s one-page business plan template is divided into nine fields:

• Business opportunity
• Company description
• Industry analysis
• Target market
• Implementation timeline
• Marketing plan
• Financial summary
• Funding required

2. Bplan’s Free Business Plan Template

Bplans' free business plan template is investor-approved. It is a rich template used by prestigious educational institutions such as Babson College and Princeton University to teach entrepreneurs how to create a business plan.

The template has six sections: the executive summary, opportunity, execution, company, financial plan, and appendix. There is a step-by-step guide for writing every little detail in the business plan. Follow the instructions each step of the way and you will create a business plan that impresses investors or lenders easily.

3. HubSpot's Downloadable Business Plan Template

HubSpot’s downloadable business plan template is a more comprehensive option compared to the one-page business template by HubSpot. This free and downloadable business plan template is designed for entrepreneurs.

The template is a comprehensive guide and checklist for business owners just starting their businesses. It tells you everything you need to fill in each section of the business plan and how to do it.

There are nine sections in this business plan template: an executive summary, company and business description, product and services line, market analysis, marketing plan, sales plan, legal notes, financial considerations, and appendix.

4. Business Plan by My Own Business Institute

My Own Business Institute (MOBI) which is a part of Santa Clara University's Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship offers a free business plan template. You can either copy the free business template from the link provided above or download it as a Word document.

The comprehensive template consists of a whopping 15 sections.

• The Business Profile
• The Vision and the People
• Home-Based Business and Freelance Business Opportunities
• Organization
• Licenses and Permits
• Business Insurance
• Communication Tools
• Acquisitions
• Location and Leasing
• Accounting and Cash Flow
• Opening and Marketing
• Managing Employees
• Expanding and Handling Problems

There are lots of helpful tips on how to fill each section in the free business plan template by MOBI.

5. Score's Business Plan Template for Startups

Score is an American nonprofit organization that helps entrepreneurs build successful companies. This business plan template for startups by Score is available for free download. The business plan template asks a whooping 150 generic questions that help entrepreneurs from different fields to set up the perfect business plan.

The business plan template for startups contains clear instructions and worksheets, all you have to do is answer the questions and fill the worksheets.

There are nine sections in the business plan template: executive summary, company description, products and services, marketing plan, operational plan, management and organization, startup expenses and capitalization, financial plan, and appendices.

The ‘refining the plan’ resource contains instructions that help you modify your business plan to suit your specific needs, industry, and target audience. After you have completed Score’s business plan template, you can work with a SCORE mentor for expert advice in business planning.

6. Minimalist Architecture Business Plan Template by Venngage

The minimalist architecture business plan template is a simple template by Venngage that you can customize to suit your business needs .

There are five sections in the template: an executive summary, statement of problem, approach and methodology, qualifications, and schedule and benchmark. The business plan template has instructions that guide users on what to fill in each section.

7. Small Business Administration Free Business Plan Template

The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two free business plan templates, filled with practical real-life examples that you can model to create your business plan. Both free business plan templates are written by fictional business owners: Rebecca who owns a consulting firm, and Andrew who owns a toy company.

There are five sections in the two SBA’s free business plan templates.

• Executive Summary
• Company Description
• Service Line
• Marketing and Sales

8. The $100 Startup's One-Page Business Plan

The one-page business plan by the $100 startup is a simple business plan template for entrepreneurs who do not want to create a long and complicated plan . You can include more details in the appendices for funders who want more information beyond what you can put in the one-page business plan.

There are five sections in the one-page business plan such as overview, ka-ching, hustling, success, and obstacles or challenges or open questions. You can answer all the questions using one or two sentences.

9. PandaDoc’s Free Business Plan Template

The free business plan template by PandaDoc is a comprehensive 15-page document that describes the information you should include in every section.

There are 11 sections in PandaDoc’s free business plan template.

• Executive summary
• Business description
• Products and services
• Operations plan
• Management organization
• Financial plan
• Conclusion / Call to action
• Confidentiality statement

You have to sign up for its 14-day free trial to access the template. You will find different business plan templates on PandaDoc once you sign up (including templates for general businesses and specific businesses such as bakeries, startups, restaurants, salons, hotels, and coffee shops)

PandaDoc allows you to customize its business plan templates to fit the needs of your business. After editing the template, you can send it to interested parties and track opens and views through PandaDoc.

10. Invoiceberry Templates for Word, Open Office, Excel, or PPT

InvoiceBerry is a U.K based online invoicing and tracking platform that offers free business plan templates in .docx, .odt, .xlsx, and .pptx formats for freelancers and small businesses.

Before you can download the free business plan template, it will ask you to give it your email address. After you complete the little task, it will send the download link to your inbox for you to download. It also provides a business plan checklist in .xlsx file format that ensures you add the right information to the business plan.

Alternatives to the Traditional Business Plan

A business plan is very important in mapping out how one expects their business to grow over a set number of years, particularly when they need external investment in their business. However, many investors do not have the time to watch you present your business plan. It is a long and boring read.

Luckily, there are three alternatives to the traditional business plan (the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck). These alternatives are less laborious and easier and quicker to present to investors.

Business Model Canvas (BMC)

The business model canvas is a business tool used to present all the important components of setting up a business, such as customers, route to market, value proposition, and finance in a single sheet. It provides a very focused blueprint that defines your business initially which you can later expand on if needed.

The sheet is divided mainly into company, industry, and consumer models that are interconnected in how they find problems and proffer solutions.

Segments of the Business Model Canvas

The business model canvas was developed by founder Alexander Osterwalder to answer important business questions. It contains nine segments.

• Key Partners: Who will be occupying important executive positions in your business? What do they bring to the table? Will there be a third party involved with the company?
• Key Activities: What important activities will production entail? What activities will be carried out to ensure the smooth running of the company?
• The Product’s Value Propositions: What does your product do? How will it be different from other products?
• Customer Segments: What demography of consumers are you targeting? What are the habits of these consumers? Who are the MVPs of your target consumers?
• Customer Relationships: How will the team support and work with its customer base? How do you intend to build and maintain trust with the customer?
• Key Resources: What type of personnel and tools will be needed? What size of the budget will they need access to?
• Channels: How do you plan to create awareness of your products? How do you intend to transport your product to the customer?
• Cost Structure: What is the estimated cost of production? How much will distribution cost?
• Revenue Streams: For what value are customers willing to pay? How do they prefer to pay for the product? Are there any external revenues attached apart from the main source? How do the revenue streams contribute to the overall revenue?

Lean Canvas

The lean canvas is a problem-oriented alternative to the standard business model canvas. It was proposed by Ash Maurya, creator of Lean Stack as a development of the business model generation. It uses a more problem-focused approach and it majorly targets entrepreneurs and startup businesses.

Lean Canvas uses the same 9 blocks concept as the business model canvas, however, they have been modified slightly to suit the needs and purpose of a small startup. The key partners, key activities, customer relationships, and key resources are replaced by new segments which are:

• Problem: Simple and straightforward number of problems you have identified, ideally three.
• Solution: The solutions to each problem.
• Unfair Advantage: Something you possess that can't be easily bought or replicated.
• Key Metrics: Important numbers that will tell how your business is doing.

Startup Pitch Deck

While the business model canvas compresses into a factual sheet, startup pitch decks expand flamboyantly.

Pitch decks, through slides, convey your business plan, often through graphs and images used to emphasize estimations and observations in your presentation. Entrepreneurs often use pitch decks to fully convince their target audience of their plans before discussing funding arrangements.

Considering the likelihood of it being used in a small time frame, a good startup pitch deck should ideally contain 20 slides or less to have enough time to answer questions from the audience.

Unlike the standard and lean business model canvases, a pitch deck doesn't have a set template on how to present your business plan but there are still important components to it. These components often mirror those of the business model canvas except that they are in slide form and contain more details.

Using Airbnb (one of the most successful start-ups in recent history) for reference, the important components of a good slide are listed below.

• Cover/Introduction Slide: Here, you should include your company's name and mission statement. Your mission statement should be a very catchy tagline. Also, include personal information and contact details to provide an easy link for potential investors.
• Problem Slide: This slide requires you to create a connection with the audience or the investor that you are pitching. For example in their pitch, Airbnb summarized the most important problems it would solve in three brief points – pricing of hotels, disconnection from city culture, and connection problems for local bookings.
• Solution Slide: This slide includes your core value proposition. List simple and direct solutions to the problems you have mentioned
• Customer Analysis: Here you will provide information on the customers you will be offering your service to. The identity of your customers plays an important part in fundraising as well as the long-run viability of the business.
• Market Validation: Use competitive analysis to show numbers that prove the presence of a market for your product, industry behavior in the present and the long run, as well as the percentage of the market you aim to attract. It shows that you understand your competitors and customers and convinces investors of the opportunities presented in the market.
• Business Model: Your business model is the hook of your presentation. It may vary in complexity but it should generally include a pricing system informed by your market analysis. The goal of the slide is to confirm your business model is easy to implement.
• Marketing Strategy: This slide should summarize a few customer acquisition methods that you plan to use to grow the business.
• Competitive Advantage: What this slide will do is provide information on what will set you apart and make you a more attractive option to customers. It could be the possession of technology that is not widely known in the market.
• Team Slide: Here you will give a brief description of your team. Include your key management personnel here and their specific roles in the company. Include their educational background, job history, and skillsets. Also, talk about their accomplishments in their careers so far to build investors' confidence in members of your team.
• Traction Slide: This validates the company’s business model by showing growth through early sales and support. The slide aims to reduce any lingering fears in potential investors by showing realistic periodic milestones and profit margins. It can include current sales, growth, valuable customers, pre-orders, or data from surveys outlining current consumer interest.
• Funding Slide: This slide is popularly referred to as ‘the ask'. Here you will include important details like how much is needed to get your business off the ground and how the funding will be spent to help the company reach its goals.
• Appendix Slides: Your pitch deck appendix should always be included alongside a standard pitch presentation. It consists of additional slides you could not show in the pitch deck but you need to complement your presentation.

It is important to support your calculations with pictorial renditions. Infographics, such as pie charts or bar graphs, will be more effective in presenting the information than just listing numbers. For example, a six-month graph that shows rising profit margins will easily look more impressive than merely writing it.

Lastly, since a pitch deck is primarily used to secure meetings and you may be sharing your pitch with several investors, it is advisable to keep a separate public version that doesn't include financials. Only disclose the one with projections once you have secured a link with an investor.

Advantages of the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck over the Traditional Business Plan

• Time-Saving: Writing a detailed traditional business plan could take weeks or months. On the other hand, all three alternatives can be done in a few days or even one night of brainstorming if you have a comprehensive understanding of your business.
• Easier to Understand: Since the information presented is almost entirely factual, it puts focus on what is most important in running the business. They cut away the excess pages of fillers in a traditional business plan and allow investors to see what is driving the business and what is getting in the way.
• Easy to Update: Businesses typically present their business plans to many potential investors before they secure funding. What this means is that you may regularly have to amend your presentation to update statistics or adjust to audience-specific needs. For a traditional business plan, this could mean rewriting a whole section of your plan. For the three alternatives, updating is much easier because they are not voluminous.
• Guide for a More In-depth Business Plan: All three alternatives have the added benefit of being able to double as a sketch of your business plan if the need to create one arises in the future.

Business Plan FAQ

Business plans are important for any entrepreneur who is looking for a framework to run their company over some time or seeking external support. Although they are essential for new businesses, every company should ideally have a business plan to track their growth from time to time.  They can be used by startups seeking investments or loans to convey their business ideas or an employee to convince his boss of the feasibility of starting a new project. They can also be used by companies seeking to recruit high-profile employee targets into key positions or trying to secure partnerships with other firms.

Business plans often vary depending on your target audience, the scope, and the goals for the plan. Startup plans are the most common among the different types of business plans.  A start-up plan is used by a new business to present all the necessary information to help get the business up and running. They are usually used by entrepreneurs who are seeking funding from investors or bank loans. The established company alternative to a start-up plan is a feasibility plan. A feasibility plan is often used by an established company looking for new business opportunities. They are used to show the upsides of creating a new product for a consumer base. Because the audience is usually company people, it requires less company analysis. The third type of business plan is the lean business plan. A lean business plan is a brief, straight-to-the-point breakdown of your ideas and analysis for your business. It does not contain details of your proposal and can be written on one page. Finally, you have the what-if plan. As it implies, a what-if plan is a preparation for the worst-case scenario. You must always be prepared for the possibility of your original plan being rejected. A good what-if plan will serve as a good plan B to the original.

A good business plan has 10 key components. They include an executive plan, product analysis, desired customer base, company analysis, industry analysis, marketing strategy, sales strategy, financial projection, funding, and appendix. Executive Plan Your business should begin with your executive plan. An executive plan will provide early insight into what you are planning to achieve with your business. It should include your mission statement and highlight some of the important points which you will explain later. Product Analysis The next component of your business plan is your product analysis. A key part of this section is explaining the type of item or service you are going to offer as well as the market problems your product will solve. Desired Consumer Base Your product analysis should be supplemented with a detailed breakdown of your desired consumer base. Investors are always interested in knowing the economic power of your market as well as potential MVP customers. Company Analysis The next component of your business plan is your company analysis. Here, you explain how you want to run your business. It will include your operational strategy, an insight into the workforce needed to keep the company running, and important executive positions. It will also provide a calculation of expected operational costs.  Industry Analysis A good business plan should also contain well laid out industry analysis. It is important to convince potential investors you know the companies you will be competing with, as well as your plans to gain an edge on the competition. Marketing Strategy Your business plan should also include your marketing strategy. This is how you intend to spread awareness of your product. It should include a detailed explanation of the company brand as well as your advertising methods. Sales Strategy Your sales strategy comes after the market strategy. Here you give an overview of your company's pricing strategy and how you aim to maximize profits. You can also explain how your prices will adapt to market behaviors. Financial Projection The financial projection is the next component of your business plan. It explains your company's expected running cost and revenue earned during the tenure of the business plan. Financial projection gives a clear idea of how your company will develop in the future. Funding The next component of your business plan is funding. You have to detail how much external investment you need to get your business idea off the ground here. Appendix The last component of your plan is the appendix. This is where you put licenses, graphs, or key information that does not fit in any of the other components.

The business model canvas is a business management tool used to quickly define your business idea and model. It is often used when investors need you to pitch your business idea during a brief window.

A pitch deck is similar to a business model canvas except that it makes use of slides in its presentation. A pitch is not primarily used to secure funding, rather its main purpose is to entice potential investors by selling a very optimistic outlook on the business.

Business plan competitions help you evaluate the strength of your business plan. By participating in business plan competitions, you are improving your experience. The experience provides you with a degree of validation while practicing important skills. The main motivation for entering into the competitions is often to secure funding by finishing in podium positions. There is also the chance that you may catch the eye of a casual observer outside of the competition. These competitions also provide good networking opportunities. You could meet mentors who will take a keen interest in guiding you in your business journey. You also have the opportunity to meet other entrepreneurs whose ideas can complement yours.

Exlore Further

• 12 Key Elements of a Business Plan (Top Components Explained)
• 13 Sources of Business Finance For Companies & Sole Traders
• 5 Common Types of Business Structures (+ Pros & Cons)
• How to Buy a Business in 8 Steps (+ Due Diligence Checklist)

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Martin luenendonk.

Martin loves entrepreneurship and has helped dozens of entrepreneurs by validating the business idea, finding scalable customer acquisition channels, and building a data-driven organization. During his time working in investment banking, tech startups, and industry-leading companies he gained extensive knowledge in using different software tools to optimize business processes.

This insights and his love for researching SaaS products enables him to provide in-depth, fact-based software reviews to enable software buyers make better decisions.

Business Plan Example and Template

Learn how to create a business plan

What is a Business Plan?

A business plan is a document that contains the operational and financial plan of a business, and details how its objectives will be achieved. It serves as a road map for the business and can be used when pitching investors or financial institutions for debt or equity financing .

A business plan should follow a standard format and contain all the important business plan elements. Typically, it should present whatever information an investor or financial institution expects to see before providing financing to a business.

Contents of a Business Plan

A business plan should be structured in a way that it contains all the important information that investors are looking for. Here are the main sections of a business plan:

1. Title Page

The title page captures the legal information of the business, which includes the registered business name, physical address, phone number, email address, date, and the company logo.

2. Executive Summary

The executive summary is the most important section because it is the first section that investors and bankers see when they open the business plan. It provides a summary of the entire business plan. It should be written last to ensure that you don’t leave any details out. It must be short and to the point, and it should capture the reader’s attention. The executive summary should not exceed two pages.

3. Industry Overview

The industry overview section provides information about the specific industry that the business operates in. Some of the information provided in this section includes major competitors, industry trends, and estimated revenues. It also shows the company’s position in the industry and how it will compete in the market against other major players.

4. Market Analysis and Competition

The market analysis section details the target market for the company’s product offerings. This section confirms that the company understands the market and that it has already analyzed the existing market to determine that there is adequate demand to support its proposed business model.

Market analysis includes information about the target market’s demographics , geographical location, consumer behavior, and market needs. The company can present numbers and sources to give an overview of the target market size.

A business can choose to consolidate the market analysis and competition analysis into one section or present them as two separate sections.

5. Sales and Marketing Plan

The sales and marketing plan details how the company plans to sell its products to the target market. It attempts to present the business’s unique selling proposition and the channels it will use to sell its goods and services. It details the company’s advertising and promotion activities, pricing strategy, sales and distribution methods, and after-sales support.

6. Management Plan

The management plan provides an outline of the company’s legal structure, its management team, and internal and external human resource requirements. It should list the number of employees that will be needed and the remuneration to be paid to each of the employees.

Any external professionals, such as lawyers, valuers, architects, and consultants, that the company will need should also be included. If the company intends to use the business plan to source funding from investors, it should list the members of the executive team, as well as the members of the advisory board.

7. Operating Plan

The operating plan provides an overview of the company’s physical requirements, such as office space, machinery, labor, supplies, and inventory . For a business that requires custom warehouses and specialized equipment, the operating plan will be more detailed, as compared to, say, a home-based consulting business. If the business plan is for a manufacturing company, it will include information on raw material requirements and the supply chain.

8. Financial Plan

The financial plan is an important section that will often determine whether the business will obtain required financing from financial institutions, investors, or venture capitalists. It should demonstrate that the proposed business is viable and will return enough revenues to be able to meet its financial obligations. Some of the information contained in the financial plan includes a projected income statement , balance sheet, and cash flow.

9. Appendices and Exhibits

The appendices and exhibits part is the last section of a business plan. It includes any additional information that banks and investors may be interested in or that adds credibility to the business. Some of the information that may be included in the appendices section includes office/building plans, detailed market research , products/services offering information, marketing brochures, and credit histories of the promoters.

Business Plan Template

Here is a basic template that any business can use when developing its business plan:

Section 1: Executive Summary

• Present the company’s mission.
• Describe the company’s product and/or service offerings.
• Give a summary of the target market and its demographics.
• Summarize the industry competition and how the company will capture a share of the available market.
• Give a summary of the operational plan, such as inventory, office and labor, and equipment requirements.

Section 2: Industry Overview

• Describe the company’s position in the industry.
• Describe the existing competition and the major players in the industry.
• Provide information about the industry that the business will operate in, estimated revenues, industry trends, government influences, as well as the demographics of the target market.

Section 3: Market Analysis and Competition

• Define your target market, their needs, and their geographical location.
• Describe the size of the market, the units of the company’s products that potential customers may buy, and the market changes that may occur due to overall economic changes.
• Give an overview of the estimated sales volume vis-à-vis what competitors sell.
• Give a plan on how the company plans to combat the existing competition to gain and retain market share.

Section 4: Sales and Marketing Plan

• Describe the products that the company will offer for sale and its unique selling proposition.
• List the different advertising platforms that the business will use to get its message to customers.
• Describe how the business plans to price its products in a way that allows it to make a profit.
• Give details on how the company’s products will be distributed to the target market and the shipping method.

Section 5: Management Plan

• Describe the organizational structure of the company.
• List the owners of the company and their ownership percentages.
• List the key executives, their roles, and remuneration.
• List any internal and external professionals that the company plans to hire, and how they will be compensated.
• Include a list of the members of the advisory board, if available.

Section 6: Operating Plan

• Describe the location of the business, including office and warehouse requirements.
• Describe the labor requirement of the company. Outline the number of staff that the company needs, their roles, skills training needed, and employee tenures (full-time or part-time).
• Describe the manufacturing process, and the time it will take to produce one unit of a product.
• Describe the equipment and machinery requirements, and if the company will lease or purchase equipment and machinery, and the related costs that the company estimates it will incur.
• Provide a list of raw material requirements, how they will be sourced, and the main suppliers that will supply the required inputs.

Section 7: Financial Plan

• Describe the financial projections of the company, by including the projected income statement, projected cash flow statement, and the balance sheet projection.

Section 8: Appendices and Exhibits

• Quotes of building and machinery leases
• Proposed office and warehouse plan
• Market research and a summary of the target market
• Credit information of the owners
• List of product and/or services

Related Readings

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to Business Plans. To keep learning and advancing your career, the following CFI resources will be helpful:

• Corporate Structure
• Three Financial Statements
• Business Model Canvas Examples
• See all management & strategy resources
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How to Write a Business Plan (With Template)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A detailed business plan serves as your personal roadmap, providing a comprehensive overview of your business, its goals, marketing strategies, financial projections, and more. And as your business grows, your plan can help you make smarter decisions and find success faster. Writing a business plan may seem intimidating, but breaking it down into manageable steps can simplify the process. And with the help of our free business plan template, all you have to do is fill in the blanks.

Create a Business Plan that Attracts Funding

Get Our Free Business Plan Worksheet

How to Write a Business Plan in 9 Steps

Learn how to write a traditional business plan step-by-step:

1. Block Out an Executive Summary

The executive summary is the first section of your business plan, but we recommend writing it last. That's because it's used to cover the most important points of the rest of your business plan, including your goals, competitors, business model, and the like.

So, for now, simply block out the space where you want your executive summary to go, then come back and flesh everything out once you've written the rest of your plan.

2. Outline Your Goals

Setting clear and measurable goals is essential for any business. Goals provide a sense of direction and help you stay focused on what you want to achieve.

When outlining your business plan, consider using SMART goals:

• Specific: Resist the urge to make vague goals and nail down the exact outcome you're after.
• Measurable: Each goal should be measurable, either by revenue, client number, or some other concrete metric.
• Achievable: Keep your goals realistic and achievable to avoid setting your expectations too high.
• Relevant: Make sure your goals are highly relevant to your business and what it will do.
• Time-based: Give your goals a time frame to help organize your priorities and stay motivated.

3. Describe Your Business

Make sure to add an in-depth description of your business to your business plan. Include information about your company's mission statement, vision, and values, as well as your products or services, target market, and the things that set your business apart.

In addition, be sure to include all details about your business's location. For instance, if you plan on renting retail space in your city's downtown neighborhood, mention exactly which part of the neighborhood and why. Or, if you're planning to run your business entirely from home, make sure to note whether or not you'll have a dedicated workspace, where you'll keep your inventory stored, and other key details.

4. Conduct Market Research

Market research is essential for understanding your niche, customers, and competitors. It should include the following:

• A thorough analysis of your target market, including its size, trends, demographics, and customer needs
• A rundown of your potential competitors and their strengths, weaknesses, success, and pricing
• An evaluation of your target audience's likely demand for your product or services

Use this information to identify market gaps your business can leverage, learn more about your target customers, and give your business a sharper competitive edge.

5. Summarize Your Business Structure

In this section, you'll create an overview of your business's legal structure, ownership, and organizational structure.

First, specify your business' entity type. Your options include the following:

• Sole proprietorship or partnership: These entity types don't require official paperwork to set up, but they also don't protect your personal assets.
• Limited Liability Company (LLC) : In addition to being relatively easy and inexpensive to set up, LLCs also offer robust personal asset protection. Your car, house, or personal items will never be on the line if your business gets sued.
• S Corp : If you already have a corporation with less than 100 shareholders, an S Corp could offer you tax benefits. However, an LLC is likely a better choice if you're starting a small business.
• C Corp : This entity type is perfect for entrepreneurs looking to start a large company with publicly traded stocks. For everyone else, an LLC is typically more practical and affordable.
• Nonprofit : Do you want to put all your business's revenue toward a cause? A nonprofit organization could be the best entity type for you.

(Hint: If you're unsure which entity type is right for you, take our Business Entity Quiz to find out.)

Next, describe your business's ownership structure and all key personnel. For example, mention whether you'll be running your business alone or with a partner, and include any people you intend to hire or work with immediately.

Finally, highlight any business partnerships or alliances you want to pursue.

6. Explain Your Business Model

Here, explain your business model, which is how your business will drive revenue and make a profit. Mention the following:

• Your target customers
• Your pricing strategy (will you undercut the competition or charge a premium for top-notch quality?)
• Where you plan to sell your products or services to customers (i.e., in person or online)
• Your brand or unique offering (i.e., the value you offer to customers that they can't find anywhere else)

7. Devise a Marketing Strategy

A well-rounded marketing strategy outlines how you plan to promote your products or services to your target market. You must provide a comprehensive plan that includes your branding, advertising, and promotional strategies.

For instance, you can describe the brand image you plan to create, the advertising and marketing platforms you plan to use (such as search engines, social media, or local publications), or the promotions you plan to attract customers with.

Don't forget to provide an estimate of your marketing and advertising budget along with a timeline for executing your marketing strategy.

8. Calculate Financial Projections

Based on your business model and the market research you conducted earlier, estimate your revenue, expenses, and profits for the next one to five years.

Include important information about your startup costs , deductible business expenses , and any business loans you plan on applying for and how you intend to repay them.

9. Compile Appendices

For your final step, compile any additional information or notes that support your business plan.

This could include market research data, product or service brochures, legal documents, prototype photos, industry reports, or financial calculations.

To make sure you can easily find the information you're looking for when referring back to your business plan, take the time to organize and label the appendices.

Different Business Plan Types

Not all business plans are alike, and there are just as many types of business plans as there are businesses.

So while the steps described above will help you write a traditional business plan, you have other options, too:

Traditional

With abundant details and a structured format, a traditional business plan is comprehensive and well-researched. You can use a traditional business plan exclusively for your own purposes, or you can submit it to investors when you seek funding.

A lean business plan is like a pared-down version of a traditional business plan. It typically contains all the same critical information but may include less precise and in-depth research and calculations.

Startups looking to bring an innovative product or service to market can benefit from a startup business plan. Specifically tailored for new businesses with lots of growth potential, this type of business plan often includes the founders' strategy for obtaining funding from venture capitalists.

If your business is already established and you want to grow it even more, a growth business plan could be right for you. A growth plan generally includes strategies for increasing sales, expanding into new markets, offering new products, and optimizing current processes.

An internal business plan is specifically geared toward a business's internal members. For example, a business plan could be created to help a company's executive staff stay focused on their most important goals, or it could help a marketing team improve its efficacy and efficiency.

Your first business plan can become irrelevant to your business's current needs over time. To solve this issue, create annual business plans that address your company's most recent changes and highlight any areas of focus.

Business Plan Template

Want to know how to write a business plan template? It's just like writing a business plan, but instead of filling in the details as you go, you begin by creating placeholders for each section ahead of time.

For example, your business plan template could include placeholders for your:

• executive summary;
• company description;
• market analysis;
• products or services;
• marketing strategy; or
• financial projections.

These placeholders could be entirely blank, or they could include an indication of what each section contains:

Skip the writing process and opt for a ready-to-go template. Download our business plan worksheet to get started immediately.

Tips for Creating a Foolproof Business Plan

We talked to experienced small business owners and examined the most widely-shared tips to find the best advice on writing the best business plan possible:

Describe the Issue You'll Tackle

Leo Ye, co-founder and CEO of the online office software Cubo , believes that "every business plan should begin with an explanation of the problem that the business intends to solve, as opposed to a description of the company and the items it will offer."

Be sure to "explain the issue in straightforward language" and always "quantify and justify the cost in dollars or hours. Specificity is preferable to generalizations, which can only weaken your argument."

Analyze Your Risks

In addition to the other sections of a business plan, Joshua Rich, CEO and founder of Bullseye Locations , recommends including a section on risk analysis. In this section, you can "Identify potential risks and challenges that your startup may face, and provide a plan for mitigating [them]."

Prioritize Your Budget

To create a foolproof business plan, Aima Irfan, editor-in-chief of InsideTechWorld , advises entrepreneurs to "always emphasize budget planning" and "be transparent when including income and expenses." This helps to better keep track of progress.

"Don’t forget to include any investments you have already made or plan to make in the future," she says. "Review your budget [consistently] to cut down on unnecessary expenses."

Know Your Reader

Depending on the type of business plan you're writing, its end reader could be potential investors, fellow business owners, specific employees, or just yourself.

So, be sure to tailor your business plan to the intended reader, and you'll not only see better results but also save yourself some time and effort in the process.

Don't Spend Too Much Time on Your Plan

If you've already performed the necessary research and thought about your business's most crucial elements, you may be able to write your business plan in just a few days. But if you're starting with nothing more than a single product idea, your plan might take months to complete.

But no matter how long it takes to write your plan, make sure you're not spending undue time on it. In other words, if your plan is essentially complete but you keep going back to tweak its wording or organization, it's time to stop planning and start taking action.

Common Mistakes When Writing a Business Plan

When it comes to business plan mistakes, learning what not to do can be just as important as learning what you should do. According to the seasoned business owners we consulted, these are the most common mistakes new entrepreneurs make when writing a business plan:

Making Assumptions

"Many entrepreneurs get ahead of themselves by including unsupported assumptions," said Alex Miles, UK Managing Director of the small business credit card and spend management platform Capital on Tap . Instead, "critical market size calculations should be based on reliable data sources such as surveys and market analysis."

Similarly, Philadelphia Weekly co-founder Sharon Sanders observed that some entrepreneurs "just rely on Google-generated data and sometimes it is not an accurate representation of the market. Hence, they end up failing."

Using Business Jargon

Tatsiana Kirimava, CEO at Orangesoft , recommends resisting the urge to use "business jargon, fancy words, and cliches," as those can "hide the real value from the [reader]."

Prioritizing Profits Over Cash

"Losing focus on cash while writing a business plan is a common mistake," explains Irfan of InsideTechWorld.

"Most people pay attention to profits while creating a plan, and they emphasize on the concept of sales minus costs and expenses equals to profit." But "we spend cash in business, not profits. Hence, it is critical to focus on cash flows."

Frequently Asked Business Plan Questions

We have the answers to your most important questions about writing a business plan.

What Basic Items Should Be Included in a Business Plan?

To ensure all your bases are covered, be sure to include these core sections:

• Executive summary
• Business description
• Market analysis
• Business structure
• Business model
• Marketing strategy
• Financial projections

How Do I Write a Business Plan?

Write a complete business plan by following these nine steps:

• Create a placeholder for your executive summary.
• Specify your core goals using the SMART model.
• Describe your business's values, mission, competitive advantages, location, and other key details.
• Perform in-depth market research and include your findings.
• State your business' entity type and ownership structure.
• Explain your business model.
• Create a marketing strategy.
• Calculate your estimated revenue, expenses, cash flow, startup costs, and other financial projections.
• Store any additional information, notes, or documents in the appendices.

Get Your Business on Track With a Killer Business Plan

A detailed business plan can set your business up for success, but it's just the beginning of your entrepreneurial journey. With our services, you can confidently tackle everything that comes next, from forming your business entity and getting the right licenses to filing taxes and managing your finances.

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Carrie Buchholz-Powers

Carrie Buchholz-Powers is a Colorado-based writer who’s been creating content since 2013. From digital marketing to ecommerce to land conservation, she has experience in a wide range of fields and loves learning about them all. Carrie is fond of history, animals and beauty in equal measure. In her free time, she enjoys knitting, playing video games and exploring Colorado's prairies and mountains with her husband.

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Free Fill-In-the-Blank Business Plan Templates

By Joe Weller | April 22, 2020

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In this article, we’ve compiled the most useful fill-in-the-blank business plan templates for you to download for free in Word, PDF, and Excel formats.

Included on this page, you’ll find a simple fill-in-the-blank business plan template , a fill-in-the-blank nonprofit business plan template , and a fill-in-the-blank Lean business plan template , as well as a 5-step how-to for filling out your business plan .

Simple Fill-In-the-Blank Business Plan Template

This fill-in-the-blank business plan template is easy to use and will help guide you as you write your business plan. It comes with all the standard components of a business plan and allows you to customize content that’s relevant to your product or service. 

Download Simple Fill-In-the-Blank Business Plan Template

Word | PDF  | Smartsheet

Fill-In-the-Blank Business Plan Template for Startups

This fill-in-the-blank business plan template is designed for the startup business that needs funding and resources to get up and running. Use this template to provide your potential investors and stakeholders with information on your product and service offerings, timeline of milestones, financial requirements, marketing efforts, market analysis, and other key details.

‌Download Fill-In-the-Blank Business Plan Template for Startups

Fill-In-the-Blank Small Business Plan Template

Use this fill-in-the-blank small business plan template to guide you through each part of your business strategy — whether you have an established business or plan to start at a future date. This business plan comes with a title page and includes ready-to-fill content in each section to keep your plan thorough and organized. 

Download Fill-In-the-Blank Small Business Plan Template

Fill-In-the-Blank Nonprofit Business Plan Template

Use this fill-in-the-blank nonprofit business plan template to convey your nonprofit organization’s purpose and objectives to stakeholders. This template includes space for information about your nonprofit’s background, key personnel, program offerings, market analysis, marketing activities, fundraising methods, and much more. 

Download Fill-In-the-Blank Nonprofit Business Plan Template

Fill-In-the-Blank Lean Business Plan Template

This fill-in-the-blank lean business plan template enables you to highlight the key details of your plan on a single page. The template also gives you room to add the following: the names of your management team members; a visual timeline of your milestones; your unique value proposition, target customers, marketing activities, cost structure, and revenue streams; and the details about the problem you’re solving. 

Download Fill-In-the-Blank Lean Business Plan Template

Excel | Word | PDF

For additional resources related to a lean business plan, check out “One-Page Business Plan Templates.”

How Do You Fill Out a Business Plan?

How you write your business plan depends on the size and nature of your business. Below, we outline five simple steps you can take to prepare and fill out your business plan.

• Determine the Purpose of Your Business Plan: Are you creating a strategic roadmap for your business? Are you seeing if your business idea is feasible? Are you trying to attract investors? When you understand the goals of your plan, you can tailor it to your specific needs. For example, if the goal of your plan is to persuade investors to take a chance on your business, you should include sections that discuss your funding goals, how you plan to use any investment funds, what investors will receive in exchange for their investment, and what key milestones you plan to achieve with the funds. Once you determine the purpose of your plan, you will have a better idea of what information to convey and highlight in your plan. 
• Executive Summary
• Company Overview
• Market Analysis
• Organization Structure
• Service or Product Offerings
• Marketing Plan
• Sales and Operations Plan
• Financial Plan
• Financial Projections
• Conduct Research: Gather and analyze all the information you can about your business, including market and industry trends, target customers, competitors, and product or service offerings. To write a thorough and effective plan, you must have a keen understanding of your organization, your market, and the industry in which you operate. Some effective ways to conduct research include looking at your historical sales records, interviewing customers, sending surveys to your target audience, and looking at direct competitors in your industry.
• Fill In Each Section of Your Business Plan Outline: Use the research you gathered in the last step to fill out the relevant sections of your business plan outline. Only include information that is essential to the operation of your business, and keep the outline concise in order to make sure that the pertinent details don’t get lost in a sea of information. Be sure that each section of your outline focuses on and aligns with the purpose of your business plan.
• Organize and File Away All Documentation That Pertains to Your Business: File away all the information you compile about your business in an accessible location, and make sure that this information is well organized. Have a system in place to quickly locate any information that investors and stakeholders need, such as licensing agreements, patents, or other vital documentation. In addition, add some of this supporting documentation to the appendix section of your business plan and make sure you can easily locate and update it as your strategies and objectives change.

Find additional business plan templates, including a customizable business plan outline template, by visiting “Simple Business Plan Templates.”  You can learn how to write a successful simple business plan here . Visit this free non-profit business plan template roundup  or if you are looking for a business plan template by file type, visit our pages dedicated specifically to  Microsoft Excel ,  Microsoft Word , and  Adobe PDF  business plan templates. Read our articles offering  startup business plan templates  or  free 30-60-90-day business plan templates  to find more tailored options.

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How to Write Management Team Section in a Business Plan

Free Ultimate Guide On Writing A Business Plan

• May 1, 2024

A business is as efficient as its team and its management. Therefore, it becomes important for business owners to build a structured management team that achieves the objectives and goals set by the organization.

Andrew Carnegie, an American steel magnate, beautifully summarized it –

“Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives.”

A business management plan helps build an efficient team and formalizes business operations. This helps businesses streamline strategies to achieve their goals.

So, if you are a business owner who is looking to formalize their business structure and write the management team section in their business plans, this guide is for you.

Here’s a sneak peek into what you’ll learn:

Sounds good? Let’s dive in.

What is the Management Section of a Business Plan?

The management section of a business plan is an in-depth description of a business’s team, its structure, and the owners of a business.

The section discusses ‌who is on the management team—internal and external, their skill sets, experiences, and how meaningfully they would contribute to an organization’s mission statement and goals.

Now that we have defined what the management section of a business plan is, let’s understand why it is so important.

Importance of a Business Plan Management Section

The management section helps you to

• Showcase leadership: The management team section helps you showcase how qualified and experienced team you have.
• Clarify team roles: It outlines who does what in your team, ensuring everyone knows their key performance areas and works together towards the same goals.
• Attract investors: Present your team in the best possible way, as it is one of the key factors in making the final investment decision.

What to include in the Management Section of a Business Plan?

Now that you know why exactly a management section in the business plan is necessary, let’s move ahead with what to include in it:

1. The Management Team

An organization’s entire management team can be divided into parts — the internal team and the external team. Let us see those in detail:

The Internal Management Team

A business team consists of several departments. The most common departments are—marketing, sales, IT, customer service, operations, finance, and HR.

These departments depend on the nature and functioning of your business. For example, a dental clinic may not require a sales department per se.

The entire management team is distinguished according to their responsibility. This helps the business owners and investors be aware of the roles, benefits, ESOPs (if applicable), profit sharing (for sales), work contracts, NDAs (Non-Disclosure Agreements), and Non-Competition Agreements of the entire team.

It is recommended that business owners collect and document the following information about their team:

• Educational Background
• Work Experience
• Accomplishments

For example, your present VP of Marketing helped their previous company grow its bottom line from $3 million to $10 million over 18 months.

The External Management Team

The external management team is usually composed of—advisory board members and professional services.

Advisory board members help by:

• Bringing their industry expertise, experience, and knowledge to the table.
• Offering strategic advice and helping the business develop long-term goals with future considerations in mind.
• Having a lot more contacts than any other individual can help businesses grow.

Credible advisory board members show great commitment to a company’s growth. Therefore, it becomes important to mention their experience and specialization in the business management plan.

The advisory board members can help give valuable advice that internal team members need or lack.

Usually, board members meet quarterly or monthly to provide strategic guidance in place of stock options in your company. This helps attract the best advisors and motivates them to invest in your business.

On the other hand, professional service helps by

• Offering highly specialized advice and sharing knowledge.
• Helping through the implementation process of strategies.

Such services help businesses leverage skills that would be difficult to build and acquire over a short period.

Examples of such professional services are:

• IT Consultants
• Business coaches and consultants

After a brief overview of the management team, let’s move forward.

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2. The Management Team Gaps

The management team gap is an important part of the management section. Primarily because it helps document if your management team currently has gaps or missing skills.

Your team may lack a few required skills while starting. The management team gaps help you to be aware and make efforts to close this gap.

As a business owner, you must document what positions are missing and who ought to fill those positions or take responsibility.

For example, if you need a VP of Sales, clearly document this in the section.

Also, write down the job description and key responsibilities to be undertaken. For example—you might mention that the role requires 10 years of experience in the sales domain. The applicant must have experience handling a sales team, closing new accounts, and working in tandem with the marketing team.

Be as detailed as possible. This will help you build a checklist while interviewing the right candidate and also win investor confidence in your managerial skills.

Here are a few key positions you would want to include in your management team business plan:

• Founder and/or CEO
• Chief Technical Officer (CTO)
• Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)
• Head of Product Management (PM)
• VP of Sales
• VP of Marketing
• Business Development Manager
• Customer Service Manager
• Sales Managers/Sales Staff
• Human Resources Manager
• Advisory Board Members

3. The Management Structure

The management structure defines how a business organizes its management hierarchy. A hierarchy helps determine all team members’ roles, positions, power, and responsibilities.

The management structure also depends upon the type of business ownership. Business ownership can be—a sole proprietorship, partnership, or LLC.

Following is a sample management structure of an organization.

Now that we understand what details we need to document in business management plans, let’s have a look at the example.

Example of a Management Section Plan

[management section of a hotel], [management team], internal team members.

Name: Charles Fargo Role: Owner Responsibility: Formulating key strategies, defining budgets, and building a business plan Experience: 35 years of owning multiple hotels in Las Vegas Educational Background: B.Sc in Hospitality Management from South Dakota State University.

Name: Michael Clark Role: General Manager Responsibility: Overall hotel operations – guest interactions, revenue management, brand ambassador of the hotel, customer satisfaction, and experience, leadership to all departments Experience: 25 years working with several technology hotels as the general manager. Educational Background: MBA from Wharton School

Name: George Trump Role: Department Manager Responsibility: Manage employees, smooth coordination amongst employees, plan daily affairs of the department, strategize, prepare reports, and deal with complaints and suggestions. Lead team members to function as a team Experience: 15 years working as a department manager Educational Background: BSc in Hotel Management from Texas University

Note: There can be multiple Department Managers depending on the nature of your business. In the case of hotels, departments can include – housekeeping, logistics, security, food, and banquets.

Name: Donald Clooney Role: Marketing and Sales Manager Responsibility: Increase occupancy and generate revenue. Position the hotel as an option for leisure activities, relaxation, and holidays. Experience: 11 years working as the marketing and sales manager for hotels Educational Background: MBA in Tourism and Hospitality from Midway University

Name: Oprah Williams Role: Human Resources Manager Responsibility: Recruit and train hotel staff, maintain smooth onboarding process for new recruits, train, counsel, and coach staff, resolve conflicts, and conduct performance reviews Experience: 9 years working as human resources manager for hotels Educational Background: MBA in Human Resources Management from California University

External Team Members

Advisory Board Member

#1 Richard Branson Responsibility: Strategic advisory for sustainable growth and expansion Experience: Founder of Virgin Group

Professional Services

#1 Digital Marketing Agency – Neil Patel – Help market and sell our product using digital mediums – blog, website, YouTube, and social media.

[Management Structure]

There is a gap in one key position in our startup.

#1 Chief Finance Officer (CFO) Responsibilities: Finance, Accounting, Tracking Profit and Loss, and overseeing FP&A (Financial Planning and Analysis)

So, that’s it for today! Now that you know how to write a management team section, make sure you write the best one by mentioning all the necessary details.

If you are still confused about writing the management team sections, then you can visit various sample business plans to know more. You can even use smart business planning software to smooth your business planning process.

Build your Business Plan Faster

with step-by-step Guidance & AI Assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What tone should i use when writing the management team section.

When writing about your management team in your business plan, use a tone that’s confident, professional, and positive. This shows investors that your team is experienced, qualified, and able to lead your company to success.

Who should be included in the management team's business plan?

In the management team of a business plan, you should include all the key members of the company:

• Top management
• Founder/CEO
• VP of sales

Do I need to include personal information about team members?

In a business plan, it’s not necessary to include personal information about team members unless it directly relates to their role in the business. The focus should be on professional qualifications, experience, and skills that are relevant to their position.

About the Author

Upmetrics Team

Upmetrics is the #1 business planning software that helps entrepreneurs and business owners create investment-ready business plans using AI. We regularly share business planning insights on our blog. Check out the Upmetrics blog for such interesting reads. Read more

Reach Your Goals with Accurate Planning

Free Business Plan Template (With Examples)

Have you ever found it difficult to get other people to agree to your entrepreneurial ideas? If so, consider writing a business plan. We’ve created a business plan template to help you meet your business goals, but it makes sense to give some background information.

I (Brandon Boushy) grew up in a unique family. I was the oldest of six kids and my parents are highly successful. One of the things I had to do growing up was write business proposals for anything that was different from the standard operating procedure. (Yes, our family ran like a business.)

That made me pretty proficient at creating a business plan format. We’re going to share some of the lessons I learned growing up with a dad that managed a multi-billion dollar merger and a mom that had a double major in psychology and philosophy. Along the way, we hope to help you understand what people look for in a business plan.

What makes a good business plan template?

A business plan template should be based on your audience. If it’s just you, then it needs to be enough to keep you honest and focused on your goals, but if there are other people who will be viewing it, it should give them enough information to buy into the business plans.

Whether you use ours, someone else’s, or make your own template, you’ll want to make sure a business plan template includes the following:

• An executive summary

Your mission and goals

• Your strategies 
• Your strengths and weaknesses

How you fit in the external environment

Call to action.

• Documentation

If you’re interested just in a template, you may download it here .

This outline is partially inspired by the book Writing Winning Business Plans by Garrett Sutton, Esq.

If you prefer YouTube videos, check out our interview with Mike about how to create a business plan :

Let’s look at how each of these plays into a great business plan template.

The Executive Summary in a Business Plan Template

A good business plan should start with a story. All stories have three major parts:

That’s what your executive summary will be. It will be your story. It will basically tell why your company exists. The sole purpose of the executive summary is to get your audience to say:

“I want to know more.”

If you look at UpFlip’s YouTube page, you can see our story right at the top.

When you write a business plan, you want the executive summary to be as easy to digest as possible. If this were in an actual business plan, it would look something like this:

We’ve all heard the statistics that eight out of 10 businesses fail in the first five years. Can you imagine what the world would be like if we flipped those numbers?

That’s our goal at UpFlip. Make it where 80% of businesses succeed. To do that, business owners need the best information possible in the format that they prefer. That’s what we’re doing.

UpFlip is a team of business owners who believe in educating and inspiring people to achieve success. UpFlip does this by using content marketing best practices, case studies, and data analysis to bring business owners content that helps them succeed.

Do you want to hear more? 

You might want to include a couple of paragraphs about the team, the market, where the business is now, and how you are going to accomplish the goals. At this point, it’s just high-level ideas to get them interested.

You also want to include what you’re asking for in the executive summary. That will change based on the viewer. Here are some common requests:

• Looking for funding : How much? Do you want a loan or to sell equity?
• Looking for employees : What do you want from them? What values should they hold dear to their hearts?
• Looking for a partnership with another company : Why would the two be a good fit?
• Just for you : An executive summary might be enough.

While this will be the first thing the viewer sees, it will normally be the last thing you write.

Company Description

The next section of our business plan template is the company description. It covers the following:

• Your company mission and goals : Why does your company matter?
• Your product and target market : What are you selling and to whom?
• Your team : Who is going to help you succeed? You might want to create an organizational chart with your management team, including their skill sets and the gaps you need to fill.
• Your legal structure : Will how you’re structured lead you to succeed? Don’t even bother applying for financing if you are a sole proprietorship. They won’t take you seriously. Register as an LLC or a Corporation.

These are the high-end goals of a business. The mission statement is simply what you want to achieve. For instance, Boxabl has the mission to, “Significantly lower the cost of homeownership for everyone.”

Your goals should be highly measurable. They should be focused on accomplishing your mission and should be:

• S pecific: What are you trying to achieve? In Boxabl’s case, it is lowering the cost of homeownership for everyone.
• M easurable: How can you measure it? With Boxabl, you might measure against HomeAdvisor’s estimate to build in an area and the median home sale price in the area.
• A chievable: Can it be done? For Boxabl, their factory claims to have a production capacity of 30,000 homes annually for $50,000 each (plus land costs). That’s a substantial savings, but it only covers .5% of the US housing sales in 2021 .
• R ealistic: Can you actually do what needs to be done? In Boxabl’s case, it could reduce the costs in a single city based on current capacity. 30,000 sales would be equal to 60% of Las Vegas home sales in 2021 . 
• T ime-Oriented: How long will it take? With Boxabl’s design, it could dramatically lower rates in Las Vegas in a year but would need to ramp up production to meet the nationwide levels. It would need to ramp up 120X capacity to reach 60% of all home sales. That means years down the road.

You might want to have a roadmap or graphics in this section to help people visualize them. Here’s an example of what a good roadmap looks like:

You can see the rest of it on Presearch’s website . 

Notice how many references I have in this section. A well documented business plan will be full of references because you have to prove all assumptions are reasonable.

With a business plan someone views online, you can use hyperlinks. Otherwise, you’ll want to include your links in an appendix or as footnotes. I recommend using IBIS World for most of your statistics because many banks use them to analyze how accurate your reports are. I’ll cover this more in the section on documentation.

This section of our business plan template focuses on the industry. You’ll want to start at the highest macroeconomic level and work your way down to the company level. This will include aspects like:

• Whole Economy : Consider GDP growth or shrinkage, interest rates, consumer spending, and anything else that has the ability to impact your business from the highest market analysis standpoint.
• Industry : What is the industry outlook over the next five to 10 years? How many total businesses are in your industry (both nationwide and locally)? Who are the major players? What percent of the market do the major players service? How much is left for smaller players? How is the industry changing?
• Individual Companies : What are they doing? What gaps are they leaving? What can you do better? What do their 401K and quarterly reports show?

All this data matters; it shows whether you know what you are talking about or whether you are just chasing dreams. Don’t get me wrong it’s fun to chase dreams, but it’s better if your management team knows what it is talking about.

If you’re focused on local work, you might want to include a map of all your competitors in this section, for instance, the picture below is a map from Gas Buddy of all the local gas stations in a city. You’ll want to update it with opportunities for locations in the next section on strengths and weaknesses. 

Next, you’ll want to compare your experience with this information.

Include strengths and weaknesses in a business plan template

You’ll want to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. This section of our business plan template includes questions about:

• Your team : Include an organizational chart that outlines your management team, their skill sets, and the gaps you need to fill.
• Divisions : Do you have divisions that are really strong or weak? How are you going to fix this?
• Funding : How are your monetary or cash flow scenarios?
• Vendors: Do you have special vendor scenarios that give you an advantage or disadvantage?
• Industry : Do you have competitive advantages or disadvantages that other companies don’t have? Does that leave holes for you to fill a service area? Check out the map below for potential holes in the market for gas stations:

Opportunities For Gas Stations

Check out this video by Project Manager to understand SWOT analysis better.

Your strategies (Operations)

This section details how you plan to meet the goals you have set. The business strategies section includes concepts like:

• Risk Management
• Mergers and Acquisitions

Logistics show that you’ve really thought about how you plan to achieve your goal. I think the history of Ford, ExxonMobil, Tesla Motors, and previous electric vehicles really shows how the logistics of something matter.

Before the Model T, the majority of cars were electric vehicles. Unfortunately, it was far easier to go to a gas station than to have to charge your electric car. It still is, but part of Elon Musk’s plan to make electric vehicles achievable was nationwide charging stations . 

He had to start by strategically placing them so that a Tesla wouldn’t have to risk running out of power while traveling along major highways. If his business plan hadn’t included over 3,000 superchargers, do you think they’d have sold over 3.23 million vehicles ?

Of course not. You have to think about what can go wrong and how you’ll address it. That’s how logistics work in your favor––before you have a problem.

This section of the business plan should be focused on what you’ll be doing to get word out about your products and services. This section should include:

• Target market data
• Brand assets like logos
• How you’ll be communicating with potential customers
• Your marketing channels and budget
• Examples of your ads if they are truly impressive

Financial History and Projections

Lenders, equity providers, and governments offering you relocation initiatives will care about the financial prospects. They’ll want to know the following:

• Your assumptions

Your past performance

• Your current year forecast 
• Longer-term outlook (three, five or ten-year outlook)

Even if you’re not trying to make a deal, these can help you plan better. Let’s look at each.

Assumptions

You’ll want to start the financial projections section with a list of assumptions that are backed by valid resources. Assumptions are everything that could go wrong. They may include:

• Wage growth
• Industry growth
• Market share growth
• Financing rates
• Production timelines
• Marketing metrics

Anticipating everything that could go wrong helps you be prepared and shows your willingness to problem-solve. In Writing Winning Business Plans, the author recommends reviewing the SEC forward-looking statement guidelines because investors are used to reading them. I’d also recommend reading some 401Ks on EDGAR .

If you’re an existing business, you’ll also want to show the past history according to your tax returns for at least two years, but three to five years is better. This lets others see whether growth is steady, accelerating, or slowing.

Don’t try to minimize your taxes if you are trying to get a loan. Try to maximize your net income and cash flow. Think ahead and make it easy for the people to approve you. Also, remember that asset-light businesses have higher profit margins than if you have a billion-dollar plant (it might help with secured loans, though).

Your current year forecast

Create financial projections for the current year. These will show whether or not you have a solid business plan that can actually take on business loans or get equity investors. You’ll want to include at least:

• Profit & Loss Statement : This is similar to a Net Income Statement but is made up. It’s for a one-year minimum and may be called a P&L statement.
• Cash Flow Statement : Here you will show the annual flow of funds in and out of the business.
• Balance Sheet : Give a comparison of the assets and receivables to the liabilities and owners’ equity.

I normally start with monthly spreadsheets because it makes it easier to predict where cash flow imbalances will occur.

Longer-term outlook (three, five, or ten-year outlook)

In addition, you may want to create three-year, five-year, or ten-year projections. Be careful with these, though. The economic environment can change fairly quickly, and in 30 to 90 days a lot of economic reports are released.

This part should change based on who will be viewing it, but it should stay similar. A call to action may be:

• A request for financing for equipment, inventory, or other business needs
• An offer to schedule a meeting to discuss equity purchases
• Linking to employment applications for applicants
• A link to a quiz to make sure employees processed the information
• A request for a tax subsidy from a government

Each of these should stay true to the rest of the document, but you’ll only want to include a call to action for that specific goal. I would suggest saving a separate copy of the template for each type of action.

Here’s what the Appendix will look like for APA-style references. You can use online citation-creating sites like Purdue Owl to create them. 

About Us . (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://www.boxabl.com/about-us

A Better Search Engine for We the People. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://presearch.io/roadmap

Brewer, R. (2022, January 06). Record number of homes sold in 2021 in Las Vegas Area. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://vegasinc.lasvegassun.com/business/real-estate/2022/jan/06/record-number-of-homes-sold-in-2021-in-las-vegas-a/

Business Plan Template. (2021, April 19). Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://www.upflip.com/learn/business-plan-template

Published by Statista Research Department, & 4, A. (2022, April 04). Total home sales in the United States from 2011 to 2021 with a forecast for 2022 and 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/275156/total-home-sales-in-the-united-states-from-2009/

Research and Documentation

Now that we’ve covered the sections of our business plan template, let’s discuss how to research and document your findings. We can all use Google search, but will it give you the best answer? 

Maybe, maybe not.

You have to use real data, and there are two ways to get it. You can either go directly to the source or you can buy it. 

Get the Primary Data Set

For anyone on a budget or who might prefer to do data analysis themselves, this section is for you. You’ll need the data for many of the sections of your business plan, primarily the industry analysis and the financial modeling.

If you’ve never downloaded a massive dataset, you should try it sometime. They are huge and hard to process. Start by downloading the 50.4 MB spreadsheet to analyze your NAICS code from census.gov . It’s a pain. I’ve had one nearly crash my computer.

After you get the data, you’ll have to process it, create graphs, and cite it in your Appendix. If you have time to do all that, awesome! You’ll want to get data from .gov sites or major organizations. Check out this list of free datasets .

If that sounds like a lot of work, try buying the data from trusted sources instead.

Buy the Processed Data from a Trusted Source

Fortunately, there are plenty of great resources that make it easy to document your statistics in a business plan. You have to pay for them, but they are worth it. Two of the ones I really like are IBIS World and Statista. 

They do the research for every NAICS code and all you have to do is buy their report. It even comes with sourced charts for you to use. If you think you’ll need the data long-term, I suggest getting one of their subscriptions.

You’ll be able to pull everything you need out of it and package it nicely in your business plan. Be sure to add your citations into our business plan template, though.

Add Citations to the Business Plan Template

There are a variety of ways to add citations to a business plan, but the most common are:

• Appendix : Save the documents and add them at the end of your business plan. Make sure you label them well. You might want to use this in combination with footnotes to mark which citation goes with which statement.
• Footnotes : You’ll want to add a footnote, then put the reference at the bottom of the page using The Chicago Manual of Style . Check the footnote below for how it looks.
• Hyperlinks : These only work for digital copies, but they send the reader right to the website where the information was retrieved. Just make sure it’s not pay protected. Use these in conjunction with an appendix so you can use the same business plan for both print and digital.

I’ve put all the references to this blog in the Appendix section to give you an easy example.

In addition to The Chicago Manual of Style , you can also use:

• American Psychological Association Style
• Modern Language Association Style

I personally like the APA style, but everyone has their preferences. Just make sure you stay consistent throughout your business plan. Use Purdue Owl if you aren’t familiar with research and citation rules.

Free Business Plan Templates

There are a lot of places where you can get a business plan template. Some of the best places are:

• UpFlip : Download the  template that follows this blog.
• Score : View three Score templates .
• Oprah : Oprah offers three templates for business owners.
• My Own Business Institute : (That’s the name; I don’t own it.) Other than ours, I like this free business plan best. Check it out .
• BizGym : Want a lean business plan, BizGym is a good one.

In any of them you’ll want to make sure it has something comparable to the parts in our list. All of them do, but rearrange the order.

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• Business Studies
• Secondary School

How to make a business plan?​

Writing a business plan shouldn’t be complicated. In this step-by-step guide, I’ll show you how to quickly and easily write a business plan that will get the results you want. Don’t worry, you don’t have to have a business or accounting degree to put together a great business plan. This guide will show you how to get your plan done step-by-step without any of the complexity or frustration. 

You can download a free business plan template and follow along, using these instructions as a guide.

And, you can download this guide as a free ebook to reference while you write your business plan.

I HOPE THAT WAS HELPFUL FOR YOU AND PLEASE FOLLOW ME AND MARK ME AS BRAINLIEST

Explanation:

Executive summary. Briefly tell your reader what your company is and why it will be successful. ...

Company description. ...

Market analysis. ...

Organization and management. ...

Service or product line. ...

Marketing and sales. ...

Funding request. ...

Financial projections.

New questions in Business Studies

Which of the following statements is false: "an unplanned pregnancy can __________." a. make participating in social activities difficult b. decrease the risk of getting pregnant again c. complicate future romantic relationships d. interfere with educational opportunities or career dreams please select the best answer from the choices provided. a b c d

The false statement among the given options is: "an unplanned pregnancy can decrease the risk of getting pregnant again." (B) An unplanned pregnancy does not decrease the risk of getting pregnant again. In fact, it may increase the risk if proper family planning and contraceptive methods are not used.

The other statements are true as an unplanned pregnancy can make participating in social activities difficult , complicate future romantic relationships , and interfere with educational opportunities or career dreams.

These challenges arise due to the additional responsibilities, financial burden, and time commitment that comes with raising a child, especially if it was unplanned.(B)

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Related Questions

which of the following strategies is best to use when responding with a long message to internal or external criticism? group of answer choices get all of the details before responding. use the most direct language possible. do not deny or apologize for what you have done.

The best strategy to use when responding to internal or external criticism with a long message is to get all of the details before responding.

The correct option is A.

This allows you to understand the criticism and respond more effectively. Additionally, it is important to use the most direct language possible, as this will help to ensure that your message is clear and concise. It is also important to not deny or apologize for what you have done, as this can be seen as an admission of guilt, and can make the situation worse. By taking the time to get the details, using direct language, and not denying or apologizing, you can effectively respond to criticism with a long message.

To know more about criticism , click here:

https://brainly.com/question/31165916

To assign overhead costs to an individual product, the activity-based overhead rate is multiplied by.

Assigning overhead costs to an individual product using activity-based overhead rates . In order to assign overhead costs to an individual product, the activity-based overhead rate is multiplied by the number of activity units consumed by that particular product. This method is known as Activity-Based Costing (ABC), which aims to more accurately allocate indirect costs to products by considering the specific activities that drive those costs. Activity-based overhead rates are calculated by dividing the total overhead costs of each activity by the total number of activity units . An activity unit is a measure of how much of a particular activity is used by a product. Examples of activity units can include machine hours, labor hours, or production runs, depending on the type of cost driver involved. Once the activity-based overhead rates are determined, they can be applied to individual products by multiplying them with the number of activity units consumed by each product. This results in a more precise allocation of overhead costs, which can help businesses better understand the true cost of their products and make more informed decisions regarding pricing, production, and profitability . In summary, assigning overhead costs to an individual product involves calculating activity-based overhead rates and then multiplying those rates by the number of activity units consumed by the product. This approach provides a more accurate representation of product costs and helps businesses make better strategic decisions.

Know more about "Activity-Based Costing".

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If a template takes the form of a prototypical member of the type of thing to be recognized, what operation must be performed on the visual input order to use the template?

The visual input must be compared to the template in order to recognize the object. This comparison involves measuring the similarity between the visual input and the template.

Explanation:

If a template takes the form of a prototypical member of the type of thing to be recognized, the visual input must undergo a process of pattern matching in order to use the template.

Pattern matching involves comparing the features of the visual input with those of the prototypical member represented by the template.

This process is carried out by the brain's visual processing system, which searches for patterns of activation that match those of the template.

Once a match is found, the brain can identify the object or pattern in the visual input, based on the information stored in the template.

This process is essential for recognizing and categorizing objects in the environment, and it is used in a wide range of cognitive tasks, from visual perception to memory and decision making.

Overall, templates provide an important tool for the brain to process and understand visual information in the world around us.

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According to Issac Newton, gravity depends on what two factors? ​

Mass and Distance

There are only two factors that matter when discussing the gravitational force between two objects: mass and distance. The square of the distance between two things has an inverse relationship with the force of gravity, which depends directly on the masses of the two items.

Compare, illustrate, and evaluate the major types of social movements, their theories, and functions

Social movements can be categorized into four main types: alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary.

Alternative movements seek to change individual behavior and attitudes, while redemptive movements aim to bring about personal transformation. Reformative movements strive for incremental changes within existing social structures, while revolutionary movements aim to completely overhaul the existing system.

Each type of movement is informed by various theories, such as resource mobilization, political process, and cultural framing, which help explain how movements gain momentum and influence.

The functions of social movements include addressing social grievances , mobilizing marginalized groups, influencing public policy, and bringing about social change.

It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of each type of movement and its strategies in achieving its goals and creating sustainable change. Ultimately, social movements play a critical role in shaping society and promoting social justice .

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What is this drawing of a camp meeting most likely illustrating? a: the lack of reform movements in the u.s. b: the large influence revivals had on america c: the rise in the formation of women's trade unions d: the increase in support of american men for women's suffrage which one is it, can you help?

The most likely answer is the large influence revivals had on America. (B)

The drawing depicts a large gathering of people in a tent, which was a common setting for revival meetings during the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century. These revivals had a significant impact on American society, sparking religious enthusiasm and inspiring social reform movements such as abolitionism and temperance.

The image also includes a preacher at the center of the tent, reinforcing the idea that religious leaders played a central role in these revivals. Overall, the drawing serves as a visual representation of the important role that revivals played in shaping American society during this time period.(B)

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Mr. Robinson noticed that there was a dent on his car. He sees his next-door neighbor outside throwing the baseball with his son. Mr. Robinson knows for certain that dent was not there before. He walks over to his neighbor and demands he pay for the damages but his neighbor refuses. 15. A. Identify what type of law is being handled in this situation and explain why 15. B. Explain whether Mr. Robinson’s neighbor will be responsible for the damages or not and why

A. The type of law being handled in this situation is civil law, specifically the area of tort law. Tort law deals with civil wrongs or injuries caused to a person or property by another person. In this case, Mr. Robinson's car has been damaged, and he is seeking compensation from his neighbor for the damages. B. Whether Mr. Robinson's neighbor will be responsible for the damages or not depends on the evidence presented. Mr. Robinson must prove that the neighbor's son caused the dent in his car, and that the neighbor was negligent in allowing his son to play with a baseball near Mr. Robinson's car. If Mr. Robinson can provide sufficient evidence to show that his neighbor was responsible for the damages, then the neighbor will be liable for the cost of repairing the dent. However, if there is no evidence to support Mr. Robinson's claim, or if the neighbor can provide evidence to show that his son did not cause the dent, then the neighbor will not be responsible for the damages. Ultimately, it will be up to a court of law to determine who is responsible for the damages, based on the evidence presented.

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Today many activists use social media to help further a cause that they are passionate about. For this assignment you will become a social activist that is going to use Face book to gather support for your cause. As the readings have said building on the coast line is a very controversial topic. For this assignment imagine that you live at the coast. You can pick whatever coastline in the world that sounds the most appealing. You have caught wind of a major developer wanting to build a huge beach resort and you want to maintain the peace and tranquility you are accustomed to. Not to mention the area is known for erosion and you are concerned the building will further an already precarious situation.​

Greetings, Face book community!

s a concerned resident of the beautiful coastline of Bali, Indonesia, I am alarmed by plans to build a massive beach resort in our pristine area. The proposed development threatens the peace and tranquility that we have grown accustomed to, and it could worsen the erosion problems that we already face.

Our coastline is not only a precious natural treasure but also a source of livelihood for many of us. Fishing and tourism are the main industries in our area, and the proposed development could endanger both of them. The construction could further exacerbate the existing erosion issues, putting the safety of our homes and businesses at risk.

Therefore, I am calling on all concerned citizens to join me in opposing this development. We can use social media to raise awareness and gather support for our cause. We can organize rallies, create petitions, and share our concerns with local authorities and environmental groups.

I urge you to join me in this fight by sharing this post, using the hashtag #SaveOurCoastline, and contacting your local representatives to voice your concerns. Together, we can make a difference and preserve the beauty of our coastline for generations to come.

Thank you for your support.

[Your name]

In which box did the temperature rise faster? In which box did the temperature rise higher? How did the temperatures in the boxes change after removing them from the sunlight? How does this experiment demonstrate the greenhouse effect? What does each item used in the experiment represent in the actual greenhouse effect on Earth? For instance, the light used in the experiment represents the Sun. What does the bottom of the box, air in the box, and plastic wrap each represent in the greenhouse effect? If you can, compare your results with another student and explain the differences or similarities in your findings. What did you learn from this investigation?

The temperature rose faster and higher in the box with the plastic wrap covering it. After removing the boxes from the sunlight, the temperatures in both boxes decreased but at a slower rate in the box with the plastic wrap.

This experiment demonstrates the greenhouse effect by showing how the plastic wrap traps heat inside the box, similar to how greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere. The bottom of the box represents Earth's surface, the air in the box represents the atmosphere, and the plastic wrap represents greenhouse gases. When comparing results with another student, it is possible that the temperature rise and rate may vary depending on factors such as the type of box used or the intensity of sunlight . However, the overall trend of the plastic wrap box having a higher temperature should be consistent. From this investigation, I learned that the greenhouse effect is a real phenomenon that can be observed and replicated through simple experiments. It also highlighted the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

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members of congress fill all of the following roles except that of: a. cabinet members b. legislature c. committee member d. servant of the constitution

A. Cabinet members.

You call an emergency meeting for your social media strategy team and your risk governance team, and you inform them that you have detected and identified a real-life crisis. What is the next step to managing your crisis?

The next step to managing a crisis is to implement your crisis management plan. This plan should include steps for identifying the crisis, communicating with stakeholders , and mitigating the impact of the crisis. First, it is important to identify the scope and severity of the crisis. This will allow you to determine the appropriate response and allocate resources accordingly. Once you have a clear understanding of the crisis, you should communicate the situation to your stakeholders, including employees, customers, and partners. Transparency and honesty are key in crisis communication, so be sure to provide regular updates as the situation develops. You should also activate your crisis management team, which should include representatives from your social media strategy and risk governance teams, as well as other key stakeholders. This team should work together to develop a coordinated response to the crisis. In addition to managing the immediate response to the crisis, it is important to plan for the longer-term impact of the crisis. This may include developing a plan to rebuild trust with customers and other stakeholders , as well as assessing the impact of the crisis on your brand and reputation. Overall, managing a crisis requires a clear plan and effective communication with stakeholders. By following these steps, you can help to mitigate the impact of the crisis and ensure that your organization is well-prepared for future crises. Learn more about Crisis Management : https://brainly.com/question/17213979

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Robert Kennedy's letter mentions that the nation's progress in the field of civil rights is partly due to "the responsibility and respect for law displayed by the great majority of the citizens of the South. " Does the poster "Don't Buy a Ford Ever Again" support this idea? Use evidence to support your answer

No, the poster "Don't Buy a Ford Ever Again" does not support Robert Kennedy 's idea that the South's progress in civil rights is due to the responsibility and respect for law of the majority of its citizens.

The poster is likely a response to Ford's alleged discrimination against black workers in their hiring practices, as well as their refusal to support the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

This poster encourages individuals to take action against Ford and their discriminatory practices, rather than relying on the law to protect the rights of minorities .

Therefore, it suggests a lack of faith in the legal system and the ability of the majority of citizens to uphold civil rights.

Overall, the poster highlights the ongoing struggle for civil rights and the need for direct action to effect change.

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which of the following statements is true of hermann ebbinghaus and his research?responseshe used imaging techniques to see if the components of short-term memory were reflected in different regions of the brain.he used imaging techniques to see if the components of short-term memory were reflected in different regions of the brain.he studied college students to see if it was easier for them to memorize items presented randomly or in categories.he studied college students to see if it was easier for them to memorize items presented randomly or in categories.he memorized and later recalled hundreds of nonsense syllables to document memory decay.he memorized and later recalled hundreds of nonsense syllables to document memory decay.he studied monkeys to see how long it would take for them to habituate to a stimulus.he studied monkeys to see how long it would take for them to habituate to a stimulus.he studied children over a ten-year period to determine how long information lasts in sensory memory.

The true statement of Hermann Ebbinghaus research is "he memorized and later recalled hundreds of nonsense syllables to document memory decay. The Option E is correct.

He pioneered work on memory decay which he studied by memorizing and then recalling hundreds of nonsense syllables. Through the experiments, he discovered that forgetting occurs rapidly and then levels off over time.

He also identified factors that can affect forgetting like interference from other memories and the spacing of study sessions. The work laid the foundation for the study of human memory and inspired future research in the field.

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What's a claim that the author has made in the section "Farming Revolution"? eg. The author claims that. Key details to include: reasons for farming revolution differs in different parts of the world ASAP

The author claims that the reasons for the Farming Revolution differ in different parts of the world. These variations are influenced by factors such as geographical location , resources, and cultural practices. In the section "Farming Revolution," the author highlights that the emergence and development of agriculture were not uniform across the globe. Instead, the reasons behind the revolution were distinct in each region. Some areas experienced the shift to farming due to a scarcity of resources, prompting communities to find alternative ways to sustain their populations. In other regions, an abundance of natural resources facilitated the growth of agriculture, as people began to recognize the potential for increased food production and security. Cultural practices also played a significant role in the development of farming in various parts of the world. In some societies, agricultural practices were integrated into their belief systems and rituals, leading to a greater emphasis on farming and its expansion. Furthermore, the exchange of knowledge and techniques between different cultures enabled the spread of farming practices and the growth of agricultural communities worldwide. In conclusion, the Farming Revolution's driving factors varied significantly across the globe, with geographical location, resource availability, and cultural practices all contributing to the rise of agriculture in diverse regions.

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In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender and the criminal act as _______concepts

In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender and the criminal act as unified concepts.

This means that the offender's propensity to commit crime and the opportunity to commit a criminal act are intimately linked. The theory suggests that individuals who have a low self-control tend to engage in criminal activities when they are presented with an opportunity to do so.

This low self-control is developed during childhood and is a result of poor parenting practices that fail to instill discipline and self-regulation in the child.

Furthermore, the theory posits that the decision to engage in criminal behavior is not based on rational calculations but rather impulsivity and a desire for immediate gratification .

Therefore, the offender and the criminal act are not independent variables, but rather are intertwined and cannot be understood in isolation from each other.

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infants are monitored for their developmental milestones at each visit to the doctor. one of the most notable milestones when dealing with motor function is the development of the pincher grasp, in which the baby is able to use his or her finger and thumb to grab a small object. how does this relate to the concept of motor units?

The development of the pincer grasp in infants is related to the concept of motor units because it involves the coordinated activity of multiple motor units t o produce a complex movement. A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. When a motor neuron is activated, it sends a signal to the muscle fibers it innervates, causing them to contract.

The motor units that control the muscles in the fingers and thumb must cooperate in order to produce the precise movements required to pick up a small object when using the pincer grasp. As the infant must first grasp the object with their entire hand before using their fingers and thumb to hold it, this requires both gross and fine motor skills.

Infants gradually gain control over their motor units as they grow and develop, enabling them to perform more complex movements and hone their fine motor skills. The ability to use the pincer grasp is a crucial developmental milestone that shows how the nervous system is maturing and how the hand's motor units are becoming more coordinated.

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How are democratic ideals reflected in the declaration of independence.

Democratic ideals are reflected in the Declaration of Independence through principles such as popular sovereignty , natural rights, and social contract . Popular sovereignty is demonstrated as the document asserts the right of the people to govern themselves. The opening phrase, "We hold these truths to be self-evident," conveys the belief that these democratic ideals are universal and inherent to human society . The Declaration of Independence also emphasizes natural rights, stating that all men are created equal and endowed with inalienable rights , such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness . This idea stems from Enlightenment philosophy and highlights the importance of individual freedoms in a democratic society. The social contract theory , another key democratic ideal, is reflected in the Declaration's assertion that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed. It posits that individuals voluntarily give up some of their rights to form a government that protects their remaining rights. When a government fails to do so, the Declaration states that it is the right and duty of the people to alter or abolish it, and establish a new government that better serves their needs. In conclusion, the Declaration of Independence embodies democratic ideals by championing popular sovereignty, natural rights, and the social contract. These principles lay the foundation for the United States' democratic system, ensuring that government remains accountable to the people and that individual freedoms are protected.

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Complete the net worth statement. what is the net worth of the individual?

The net worth of the individual is the difference between their total assets and total liabilities . To complete the net worth statement, you need to add up all assets and liabilities, and then subtract the total liabilities from the total assets. To calculate the net worth, follow these steps: 1. List all assets, such as cash, real estate, investments, and personal property . 2. Add up the total value of all assets to get the total assets amount. 3. List all liabilities, such as loans, credit card debt , and mortgages. 4. Add up the total value of all liabilities to get the total liabilities amount. 5. Subtract the total liabilities from the total assets to determine the individual's net worth. In summary, the net worth of an individual is calculated by subtracting their total liabilities from their total assets. This provides a financial snapshot of their current wealth and financial standing .

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complete question:

2. What change did Governor Huckabee bring to Arkansas? (1 point) O He created a state medical insurance plan for children and families. O He developed a plan for breaking apart the public school system. O He introduced legislation to regulate big business. He proposed a plan for funding community colleges.

A. He created a state medical insurance plan for children and families.

He created a state medical insurance plan for children and families. Governor Huckabee created the ARKids First program, a state medical insurance plan for children and families in Arkansas. The program aimed to provide affordable healthcare to children in low-income families and was later expanded to cover pregnant women.

Use what you’ve learned in the lesson to develop a hypothesis about how changes in technology affect society. Describe your hypothesis and provide evidence for it in one paragraph. Your response should include a reference to changes in food production and the effects they had on population.

My hypothesis is that changes in technology have significant impacts on society, including changes in social behavior, economic activity, and cultural practices.

One example of this is the impact of technological advances on food production, which has had a profound effect on global population growth. In the past, food production was limited by traditional agricultural practices, leading to a relatively low global population.

However, the development of new technologies such as irrigation systems, fertilizers, and genetically modified crops has dramatically increased food production and allowed for larger populations. For example, the Green Revolution in the mid-twentieth century introduced new technologies to farmers in developing countries, resulting in increased crop yields and population growth. While these technological changes have led to many positive outcomes, they have also resulted in negative consequences, including environmental degradation and economic inequality. Overall, my hypothesis is that technological change has transformative effects on society, and it is crucial to consider both the benefits and the costs of such changes.

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In what tiny country can you gamble at the famous monte carlo casino?.

The tiny country where you can gamble at the famous Monte Carlo Casino is Monaco . Monaco is a small sovereign city-state located on the French Riviera in Western Europe.

The Monte Carlo Casino is one of the most famous landmarks in Monaco and attracts millions of visitors every year. It is known for its luxurious atmosphere, high-stakes gambling, and stunning architecture. So if you are a fan of gambling , Monaco is definitely worth a visit. The tiny country where you can gamble at the famous Monte Carlo Casino is Monaco. This sovereign city-state is located on the French Riviera in Western Europe and is well-known for its luxurious lifestyle and tourism attractions.

The famous Monte Carlo Casino is located in the small country of Monaco, which is situated on the French Riviera. Monaco is the second smallest country in the world, with an area of just 2.02 square kilometers and a population of approximately 39,000 people.

The Monte Carlo Casino is one of the most iconic and luxurious casinos in the world, known for its high-stakes gambling, elegant architecture , and glamorous atmosphere. It was first opened in 1863 and has since become a popular destination for high rollers, celebrities, and tourists looking to experience the thrill of gambling in an opulent setting.

In addition to its casino, Monaco is also known for its stunning coastline, picturesque old town, and luxurious lifestyle. Despite its small size, the country is a hub of wealth and glamour, attracting visitors from around the world who are drawn to its stunning scenery, high-end shopping, and world-class entertainment.

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Based on One Thing Stolen, how does the narrator’s attitude mainly change throughout the passage?

The attitude of the narrator in One Thing Stolen changes from suspicion to compassion as the story progresses, option D is correct.

At the beginning of the story, the narrator is suspicious of Nadia's behavior and motives, questioning her actions and motives. However, as the story progresses, the narrator begins to understand Nadia's illness and develops compassion for her struggles. The narrator becomes more sensitive to Nadia's needs and attempts to support her through her illness.

The shift in the narrator's attitude is evidenced by the use of language and the tone of the writing. Initially, the narrator's language is cold and distant, with a focus on facts and observations. Later on, the language becomes more empathetic , highlighting the emotional impact of Nadia's illness, option D is correct.

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The correct question is:

A from anxiety to relief

B from distrust to tolerance

C from recklessness to caution

D from suspicion to compassion

3. Based on its context, suffix, and root, what is the most likely meaning of vaguely? A in a wandering way B. uncertain C. uncertainly D. wandering

C-uncertainly is the definition of vaguely.

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How have federal civil rights laws helped to mitigate (made less severe) inequality in the united states

State civil rights laws are important in reducing inequality in the United States by prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, disability, and other protected characteristics. has played its role.

For example, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, one of the most important civil rights laws in the federal government, prohibits discrimination in employment and protects all people regardless of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. demand equal opportunity .

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, or disability. These laws provide legal protection and remedies to those who are discriminated against in areas such as employment, housing, education and public facilities.

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A minimum of _______ feet is required around all playground equipment for all playgrounds serving children six months through five years.

A minimum of six feet is required around all playground equipment for all playgrounds serving children six months through five years.

This space is necessary to provide a safe play environment for young children, as they may not have developed the balance or coordination skills to avoid colliding with other children or equipment. Additionally, this space allows caregivers and parents to supervise children easily and intervene if necessary.

Adequate space is critical to ensuring that young children can play safely and enjoyably, free from the risk of injury or accidents. Therefore, it is essential to adhere to these guidelines when designing or building playgrounds for young children.

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The social learning perspective assumes that:_______. A. Personality traits have a strong genetic basis. B. Personality development is highly influenced by environmental experiences. C. Personality is best described in terms of trait dimensions. D. There are universal stages in the development of personality

The social learning perspective assumes that personality development is highly influenced by environmental experiences.

This means that our behavior and personality traits are shaped by the people and events around us, and we learn through observation, imitation, and reinforcement .

Unlike the trait perspective which suggests that personality is stable and inherent, the social learning perspective emphasizes that our behavior can change over time as we are exposed to new situations and experiences.

For example, a child who grows up in a supportive and nurturing environment may develop a more positive and outgoing personality compared to a child who experiences neglect or abuse. Overall, the social learning perspective highlights the importance of our interactions with others in shaping who we are as individuals.

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Identify the adverbial phrase in the students in class could see the dark clouds through the window

The adverbial phrase in the sentence "The students in class could see the dark clouds through the window" is "through the window." An adverbial phrase is a group of words that functions like an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective , or other adverb. In this sentence, "through the window" modifies the verb "could see" by explaining where the students were looking to see the dark clouds .

The adverbial phrase provides additional information about the action taking place, giving more context to the reader. In this case, it clarifies that the students were able to observe the dark clouds from their position inside the classroom, by looking through the window.

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The four stages of supplier selection, in order, are __________.

The four stages of supplier selection , in order, are identification, pre-qualification, selection, and contract negotiation . The first stage, identification , involves identifying potential suppliers who can meet the specific requirements of the organization. This includes researching suppliers through online directories, industry publications, and trade shows. It also involves reaching out to potential suppliers for more information on their products or services. The second stage, pre-qualification, involves screening potential suppliers based on a set of predefined criteria, such as financial stability, industry experience, and quality management systems. This stage helps to eliminate suppliers who do not meet the organization's requirements and narrows down the list of potential suppliers. The third stage, selection, involves evaluating the remaining suppliers based on factors such as price, quality, delivery, and customer service. This stage may involve requesting samples, conducting site visits, and contacting references. The fourth stage, contract negotiation, involves negotiating the terms and conditions of the contract with the selected supplier. This includes discussing pricing, delivery schedules, warranties, and other important details. Overall, the supplier selection process is crucial for organizations to ensure that they are working with reliable and capable suppliers who can meet their needs and contribute to their success. By following these four stages , organizations can make informed decisions and establish strong relationships with their suppliers.

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Bennet wants to have a birthday party for his 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends. He plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Bennet should _______

To conserve vitamins in the milk, Bennet should store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time. The right answer is B.

Dairy products are nourishing since they are full with nutrients. These nutrients, however, also promote the development of bacteria. It is actually ideal to keep fresh milk in the refrigerator at 4°C and use it within three days of opening, contrary to popular belief that milk remains fresh for as long as it is consumed before its "use by" date.

The main goal of refrigeration is to reduce bacterial activity so that food spoilage takes place over a longer period of time. For instance, if milk is left on the kitchen countertop at ambient temperature, germs will contaminate the milk in two to three hours.

The correct answer is option B .

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Bennet wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends. She plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Bennet should

A.serve the milk in a clear glass container.

B. store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time.

C.heat the milk to the boiling point, and let it cool before serving it.

D.add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it

Section c: animal biodiversity question 1 give the correct biological term for each of the following: 1. type of symmetry found in stationary animals that enables them to sense stimuli form all directions simultaneously 2. animal body walls made up of two distinct living layers. 3. gap in the mesoderm layer that accommodates internal organs. 4. type of gut open on both ends. 5. type of blood system that has blood vessels and haemocoels. 6. concentration of sense organs anteriorly to form a definite head region. ​

The words used to describe biological concepts and processes as well as elements of living things are known as biological terminology.

The correct biological term for each are:

1. Type of symmetry found in stationary animals that enables them to sense stimuli form all directions simultaneously - Radial symmetry

2. Animal body walls made up of two distinct living layers. - Diploblastic

3. Gap in the mesoderm layer that accommodates internal organs. - Coelom

4. Type of gut open on both ends. - Anus

5. Type of blood system that has blood vessels and haemocoels. - Open circulatory system

6. Concentration of sense organs anteriorly to form a definite head region. - Cephalization

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The organization and management section of a business plan should include _____. a. industry description and outlook b. ownership details c. target market information d. all of the above

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Final answer:

The organization and management section of a business plan should include all of the above options. These important elements include industry description and outlook, ownership details and target market information.

Explanation:

The organization and management section of a business plan should include d. all of the above . This part of a business plan outlines the structure of the company, its ownership, and the management team. Ownership details include who owns the company and their respective shares. It should also provide an industry description and outlook, showing your understanding of the industry your business is in and its future trends. Moreover, it should discuss target market information, detailing the audience your business aims to reach, their characteristics, and why they would be interested in your products or services.

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