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Waste Management Business Plan in Nigeria

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• Executive Summary
• Introduction
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Environmental Burden of Waste Generation and Management in Nigeria

• First Online: 03 May 2024

Cite this chapter

• Joseph Omeiza Alao   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-1129 9 ,
• Daniel A. Ayejoto   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-7134 10 ,
• Abubakar Fahad   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-3280 11 ,
• Musaab A. A. Mohammed   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-0037 12 ,
• Ahmed M. Saqr   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-1208 13 &
• Alao Ovaioza Joy   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0007-8346-2735 14  

Part of the book series: Springer Water ((SPWA))

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The challenge of solid waste generation and management is a global phenomenon. However, the situation is more pressing in Nigeria due to the ever-growing population, high level of environmental indiscipline, poor waste management technologies (WMTs), low income, and inadequate environmental awareness, which directly influence waste generation and management in Nigeria. This review chapter provides an overview of the environmental burden and the impacts of solid waste management (WM) methods in Nigeria to identify the existing waste management technologies (WMTs), the challenges, the consequences and the sustainable roadmap for future direction. The chapter discusses the impacts of WMTs adopted in Nigeria with a keen interest in water pollution. Results from the comparative studies indicate a high level of environmental indiscipline and abysmal WM systems in Nigeria. The open dumpsite was identified as the popular WM method and an imminent hotspot for air, land, and water pollution because approximately 65% of the total waste generation in Nigeria is discharged through it. High concentration of dissolved substances such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Heavy Metals (HMs) was noted in the analysis of sample water collected from rivers and had-dug wells close to dumpsites. The comparative studies of physiochemical water analysis show high content of BOD (395–1344) mg/l, COD (743–1947) mg/l, TDS (400–2588) mg/l and heavy metals (0.031–3.480) mg/l present in the groundwater systems, close to landfills, which have altered the chemistry of groundwater across Nigeria, About 80–90% of water found in hand-dug wells (HDWs) within a 500 m radius of dumpsites have been qualitatively compromised, while 100% of the surface water (rivers and streams) within a 1.2 km radius of dumpsites have been polluted with leachate plumes. However, the trends were quite contrary in borehole water as over 65% were found within the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for drinking water. In light of the challenges, this chapter review presents a roadmap to reduce the impact of poor WM for adequate environmental control by addressing the challenges of huge generation in Nigeria and leveraging on the waste-to-energy concepts can play a vital role in economic recovery and ensure a sustainable environment for the future.

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Joseph Omeiza Alao

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Alao, J.O., Ayejoto, D.A., Fahad, A., Mohammed, M.A.A., Saqr, A.M., Joy, A.O. (2024). Environmental Burden of Waste Generation and Management in Nigeria. In: Souabi, S., Anouzla, A. (eds) Technical Landfills and Waste Management. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55665-4_2

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A Review of Solid Waste Management Strategies in Nigeria

2020, Journal of environment and earth science

The global population and increased urbanization have resulted in the increased production of municipal solid waste, thus, becoming a critical issue as a result of its poor management and inappropriate disposal. This is particularly the case of developing countries. This study assessed Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategies commonly adopted by different state waste management Authorities in Nigeria with a view to develop a sustainable roadmap for the management of solid waste in Nigeria. It assessed the Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy (TSWMS), Waste Minimisation Strategy (WMS) as well as the Technological Strategy (TcS) employed, laying focus on their challenges and benefits. The study depended on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from secondary data as the main source of information with emphasis on published journals, conference papers, newspaper posts and statutory reports from government agencies relevant to the current study. Results from the revi...

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Humanities and Social Sciences Review

Virginia A N U L I K A Obi

The challenges with the disposal of waste have been there throughout the history of mankind. Nigeria is the largest black nation in the world and generates 25 million tons of solid waste annually with a per capita waste generation of 0.49kg/cap/dan. Nigeria’s current solid waste management strategy focuses on bulk collection and disposal. Non provision of steady vehicles for waste disposal by the state government, lack of environmental education by the people in the state and increase in the number of unauthorized dumpsites are the major problems the Agency is facing. There is also a challenge of the difficulty in ascertaining the types of deposits/dumps of the disposal aspect of solid waste management which when properly handled leads to Economic Development in Enugu State of Nigeria, hence this study. The objective formulated was, to determine the main activities of solid waste management that can contribute to Sustainable Development in Enugu State of Nigeria. The sample size was 480. A total of 480 copies of questionnaire were administered but 450 copies were returned and analyzed. The instruments used to gather information for this study include questionnaire and interview. The statistical tool for testing the first hypothesis was Chi-squared (X2) test. This finding among others were made, that though the main activities of solid waste management which can contribute to sustainable development include land filling, compositing, incinerating, recycling, bio treating, transporting. The researchers recommends that government should pay attention to the secured sanitary land filling activity of Solid Waste Management among other activities to contribute to the Sustainable Development in the State.

obinna opata

Fundamentally, solid waste generation and management is a cause for major concern for all countries both developed and developing. This is because of population density, consumption pattern, production activities and rural-urban migration. The need to adequately manage the volume of waste generated across the country and maintain a safe and sustainable ecosystem is a necessary part of national development. However, Goal 6 of sustainable development goals dwells on access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all. Thus, this sustainable goal are in tandern with goal 7 of millennium development goal which is on environmental sustainability. This paper is to review the solid waste generated across the thirty-six states of Nigeria, Abuja inclusive. The data collected for this process is provided by the Federal Ministry of Environment, via the Urban Development Bank of Nigeria. This data dates back to 1997 statistics. However, there was a review of the system by the Federal Ministry of Environment in 2005. This work will compare both works , draw analysis and relate this to the sustainable development goals .

Basically, solid waste problem has not been solved effectively by mankind. This is because strong forces conspire to make the issue of waste management an awesome challenge. Furthermore, other issues such as consumption habits, public awareness, inadequate waste management scheme as well as constant creation of new and more complex materials that mix with the waste chain and government regulations all affect the solid waste practices in Nigeria. This work is to analyze the solid waste practice in Nigeria and look at alternative waste management with a view to profer solutions to the Nigerian solid waste management situation.

Aliyu Ahmad

The rapid and constant growth of urban population has led to a crucial socio-economic and environmental impact in solid waste management practices. This study focused on identifying waste management problems and evaluating the current performance of waste handlers in Abeokuta. A total of 430 structured questionnaires were administered. Putrescibles were the highest (26.3%) in the waste stream. Of the respondents, 58.14% had no means of estimation of waste; 56.05% do not sort their waste; 41.86% do not have their wastes collected at all; 27.14% recycle their wastes; 47.44% dispose waste through burning; 45.6% pay for waste management services and 42.78% throw their wastes indiscriminately into the nearby bushes. It was recommended that recycling of wastes should be formalized and publicized among residents; waste management planning should not be left entirely to the discretion of the local government. In addition, laws on waste management should be enforced and offenders duly punished. Key words: Solid Waste Management, Generation, Collection, Recycling, Disposal.

European Scientific Journal, ESJ

paul precious

The problem of solid waste management has become a debilitating factor towards sustainable development in Nigeria. The study therefore was carried out to evaluate the chains of problems militating against solid waste management in Nigeria with particular stress on Enugu State. The study adopted survey research method. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed and hypotheses tested using Z-test statistical measure. The scientific investigation revealed among other things that resources normally voted by Government year by year to manage solid waste is always very meager. There is no environmental education at all as was observed during the field investigation. Furthermore, some of the waste management staff were poorly trained and no plan in the future to give them further training or to improve already acquired skill. Based on the findings, some of the major recommendations are that solid waste management should be provided with a separate head in the budget for the purpose...

AAUA Journal of Environmental Design and Management

Gbenga OLADEHINDE

This study investigated the effectiveness of solid waste management techniques in Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used in selecting 436 households from 3 wards in the study area. Descriptive statistics was used to examine the effectiveness of the solid waste technique in the study area. Findings revealed that 39.2% of the respondents see nothing wrong with the method used by the Ondo State Waste Management Agency in collecting and disposing their household generated wastes. The study concluded that despite the establishment of waste management authority, 22.02% of the wastes generated are neither collected nor taken proper care of. The study recommended that government should intensify efforts at creating more mobile dump sites in every quarter so as to complement the existing waste disposal techniques in the study area.

International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning

Yakubu O Yusuf

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The Future-Proof Business Model for Waste Management

As we stand at the crossroads of necessity and opportunity, resource optimization and circular thinking must be more than a department or an initiative—they must be the guiding principles that inform every decision and shape every strategy. By Samuele Barrili

In the rapidly evolving landscape of waste management, a new paradigm has emerged—one that goes beyond mere disposal to encompass resource optimization, economic efficiency, and long-term viability. As the foremost expert in waste management alchemy, I have witnessed firsthand the transformative power of integrating these principles into the very core of business operations. This article is directed at waste management company owners who are ready to elevate their businesses and position themselves at the forefront of our industry.

The Integration Imperative The days of viewing resource conservation as a mere add-on or marketing ploy are long gone. Today’s discerning clients, both in the private and public sectors, are actively seeking partners who demonstrate a genuine commitment to responsible resource management. By weaving these principles into the core of your business model, you are not just attracting forward-thinking clients, you are future-proofing your enterprise against increasingly stringent regulations and public expectations.

Consider this: a 2023 global survey revealed that 78 percent of consumers are more likely to choose a product or service from a company with a strong track record in responsible resource management. For waste management companies, this translates to a significant competitive advantage. By positioning these principles at the heart of your operations, you are not just managing waste, but you are also cultivating trust, enhancing your brand reputation, and opening doors to new market opportunities.

Embracing the Circular Economy At the crux of advanced waste management lies the principle of the circular economy. This model challenges the traditional linear “take-make-dispose” approach, instead advocating for a system where resources are used, recovered, and regenerated in a closed loop. As waste management professionals, we are uniquely positioned to be the architects of this circular future. Implementing four circular economy principles means rethinking every aspect of your operations, including:

• Design for Recyclability: Collaborate with manufacturers to create products that are easier to recycle or repurpose at the end of their lifecycle.
• Resource Recovery: Invest in advanced sorting technologies to maximize the recovery of valuable materials from waste streams.
• Upcycling Initiatives: Develop innovative processes to transform waste materials into higher-value products, creating new revenue streams in the process.
• Collaborative Partnerships: Foster relationships with industries that can use your recovered materials as inputs for their processes.

By adopting these principles, you are not just reducing waste, but you are also creating value and positioning your company as an indispensable player in the economy of tomorrow.

Waste Reduction Strategies: Beyond the Landfill While efficient waste management remains crucial, true progress lies in waste reduction. Progressive waste management companies are now offering consultation services to help clients minimize waste generation at the source. This shift from a reactive to a proactive approach not only benefits the bottom line, but also creates new business opportunities. Consider implementing the following strategies:

• Waste Audits and Consultations: Offer comprehensive waste audits to clients, identifying areas for reduction and proposing tailored solutions. • Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) Programs: Implement volume-based pricing structures that incentivize waste reduction among your clients. • Education and Outreach: Develop programs to educate communities and businesses about waste reduction techniques, positioning your company as a thought leader in the field. • Smart Waste Management Systems: Use IoT-enabled sensors and data analytics to optimize collection routes and schedules, reducing unnecessary pickups and associated costs.

By helping your clients reduce their waste footprint, you are not only providing added value, but also securing long-term partnerships built on trust and shared goals for efficient resource management.

Harnessing Advanced Technologies The waste management industry is on the cusp of a technological revolution. Embracing cutting-edge technologies is no longer optional—it is a necessity for staying competitive and meeting evolving standards. Key technologies to consider include:

• Anaerobic Digestion: Convert organic waste into biogas and nutrient-rich fertilizer, creating a closed-loop system for food waste management. • Advanced Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs): Invest in AI-powered sorting systems and robotics to increase recycling efficiency and purity of recovered materials. • Chemical Recycling: Explore technologies that can break down hard-to-recycle plastics into their chemical components, opening up new recycling possibilities. • Methane Capture and Use: Implement systems to capture methane from landfills and convert it into usable energy or products. • Blockchain for Traceability: Use blockchain technology to create transparent, verifiable records of waste management processes, enhancing trust and accountability.

By investing in these technologies, you are not just improving operational efficiency, but you are also positioning your company as an innovator in the field, capable of tackling the most complex waste management challenges.

The Road Ahead As we stand at the crossroads of necessity and opportunity, the path forward for waste management companies is clear. Resource optimization and circular thinking must be more than a department or an initiative—they must be the guiding principles that inform every decision and shape every strategy.

The companies that will thrive in the coming decades are those that view waste not as a problem to be solved, but as a resource to be harnessed. They are the ones who will transform landfills into mines, waste streams into supply chains, and challenges into business opportunities.

As the waste management alchemist, I challenge you to reimagine your role in the global ecosystem. You are not just waste managers, you are pioneers, circular economy architects, and guardians of our planet’s future. By embracing these principles as your core business strategy, you are not just adapting to change—you are driving it. | WA

Samuele “Sam” Barrili is known as the go-to guy for helping waste management companies execute growth strategies. He began his journey in this field in 2009 after completing his degree in Toxicological Chemistry and joining a wastewater treatment company to develop its market. Over the years, thanks to his proprietary SAM Method (Stream Advanced Management), Samuele has assisted dozens of waste management companies across America and Europe in increasing their annual profits by more than 25 million dollars. In 2019, he transitioned from the C-Suite of a Chemical Hazardous Waste Company to launching his own MiM agency. His focus has always been on leveraging innovative business strategies to drive growth and profitability. Samuele began sharing content, educating, and consulting with waste company owners worldwide to help them transform their business results through strategic planning and execution. He has had the pleasure of working with world-class clients, implementing strategies that significantly enhanced their operations and profitability. Samuele can be reached at [email protected] or visit www.sambarrili.com .

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