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How PhD Students Get Paid

The most common questions (and biggest misconceptions) about getting a PhD revolve around money. Maybe you’ve heard that PhD students get paid just to study, or maybe you’ve even heard that PhD students don’t get paid at all.

It makes sense — how you make money as a PhD student is different from most other career routes, and the process can be highly variable depending on your school, discipline and research interests. 

D o PhD students get paid?

Most of the time the answer is yes. PhD programs that don’t offer some form of compensation, like stipends, tuition remission or assistantships, are rare but they do exist. On the other hand, some programs, like a PhD in Economics , are so competitive that unpaid programs are virtually unheard of. 

To help you gain a better understanding of PhD funding and decide if getting a PhD is worth it for you, here are some of the most common examples of how PhD students are paid. 

PhD Stipends

Most PhD programs expect students to study full-time. In exchange, they’re usually offered a stipend — a fixed sum of money paid as a salary — to cover the cost of housing and other living expenses. How much you get as a stipend depends on your university, but a range for the average PhD stipend is usually between $20,000 - $30,000 per year.  

In some cases, your stipend will be contingent upon an assistantship.

Assistantships

A PhD assistantship usually falls into one of two categories: research or teaching. 

For research assistantships , faculty generally determine who and how many assistants they need to complete their research and provide funding for those assistants through their own research grants from outside organizations. 

A teaching assistantship is usually arranged through your university and involves teaching an undergraduate or other class. Assistantships allow graduate students to gain valuable experience leading a classroom, and helps to balance out the university’s stipend costs. 

Fellowships

Fellowships provide financial support for PhD students, usually without the teaching or research requirement of an assistantship. The requirements and conditions vary depending on the discipline, but fellowships are generally merit based and can be highly competitive. Fellowships usually cover at least the cost of your PhD tuition , but some may even pay for scholarly extracurricular activities, like trips, projects or presentations. 

Fellowships can be offered through your university or department as well as outside sources. 

Part-time Employment

PhD candidates don’t commonly have additional employment during their course of study, but it is possible depending on your discipline and the rigor of your program. Flexible, low-demand jobs like freelance writing or tutoring can be a natural fit for many PhD students, and might be flexible enough to balance along with your coursework. 

All in all, it’s fair to say that though the form of payment may be unfamiliar, PhD students do in fact get paid. But keep in mind that while most PhD programs offer some kind of funding for students, it’s not guaranteed. 

Want to know more about how to pay for a PhD ? Explore our Guide to Choosing and Applying for PhD Programs . 

Learn more about

doctoral degrees at SMU, and how you can choose the right program and thrive in it, in our Guide to Getting a PhD.

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PhD, Professor, and Postdoc Salaries in the United States

The United States is home to several of the world’s best universities making it a top destination for international researchers. Here’s a breakdown of the most common American job titles and their associated average annual salaries. All salary statistics in this article are in American Dollars (USD) and are pre-tax.

PhD Student

A Master’s degree is not always required to do a PhD in the US. Several top universities offer direct entry PhD programs. An American PhD begins with two to three years of coursework in order to pass qualifying exams. During this time doctoral students are able to develop their research interests and hone in on their thesis topic. They will then write a thesis proposal which must be approved before they can start their dissertation. Most programs require PhD students to gain two to three years of teaching experience as well, either by leading their own class or as teaching assistants for a professor. It takes an average of six years to earn a PhD in the US.

Unlike some European countries, there is no mandated minimum salary or national salary scale for PhD students in the US. PhD students ear n between $ 15,000 and $30,000 a year depending on their institution, field of study, and location. This stipend can be tax-free (if it is a fellowship award) or taxable (if it is a salary e.g from a teaching position). American PhD students are usually only paid for nine months of the year but many programs offer summer funding opportunities. A PhD funding package will also include a full or partial tuition waiver.

After earning a PhD, many researchers go on to a postdoc. A postdoc is a continuation of the researcher’s training that allows them to further specialize in a particular field and learn new techniques. Postdoc positions are usually two to three years and it is not unusual to do more than one postdoc. There is no limit on the number of years you can be a postdoc in the US. The average salary (2023 ) for postdocs in the US is $61,143 per year.

A lecturer is a non-tenure-track teaching position. They often have a higher teaching load than tenure track-faculty and no research obligations. These positions are more common in the humanities or as foreign language instructors. Lecturers hold advanced degrees, though not always PhDs. The average salary for a full time lecturer in 2021-2022 according to the American Association of University Professors was $69,499.

Assistant Professor

This is the start of the tenure track. An assistant professor is responsible for teaching, research, and service to the institution (committee membership). Assistant professors typically teach two to four courses per semester while also supervising graduate students. They are also expected to be active researchers and publish books, monographs, papers, and journal articles to meet their tenure requirements. The average salary for assistant professors in 2021-2022 was $85,063 according to the American Association of University Professors . 

Associate Professor

An assistant professor who has been granted tenure is then promoted to an associate professor. An associate professor often has a national reputation and is involved in service activities beyond their university. The average salary for associate professors in 2021-2022 was $97,734 according to the American Association of University Professors . 

This is the final destination of the tenure track. Five to seven years after receiving tenure, associate professors go through another review. If they are successful, they are promoted to the rank of professor (sometimes called full professor). Professors usually have a record of accomplishment that has established them as an international or national leader in their field. The average salary for professors in 2021-2022 according to the American Association of University Professors was $143,823. 

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PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings

PhDs employed across job sectors show impressive earning potential:

“…[T]here is strong evidence that advanced education levels continue to be associated with higher salaries. A study by the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce showed that across the fields examined, individuals with a graduate degree earned an average of 38.3% more than those with a bachelor’s degree in the same field. The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor’s degree, $2.3 million; with a master’s degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for individuals who hold graduate degrees is far lower than for those who hold just an undergraduate degree.” - Pathways Through Graduate School and Into Careers , Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and Educational Testing Service (ETS), pg. 3.

Average salaries by educational level and degree (data from the US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2009-2011, courtesy of the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce):

AGRICULTURE and NATURAL RESOURCES	52000	63000	79000	83000	9385	2174	620	571
ARCHITECTURE	63000	71000	78000	73000	3597	1470	294	68
ARTS	46000	55000	65000	67000	17693	4257	579	447
BUSINESS	62000	83000	102000	94000	137905	32908	5392	1201
COMMUNICATIONS and JOURNALISM	50000	61000	84000	72000	28938	6479	1260	473
COMPUTERS and MATHEMATICS	73000	90000	90000	104000	30666	11873	986	1557
CONSUMER SERVICES and INDUSTRIAL ARTS	63000	84000	94000	83000	4204	584	65	33
EDUCATION	42000	56000	63000	73000	39185	30819	2371	1397
ENGINEERING	79000	101000	104000	107000	44297	22903	2090	3831
HEALTH	63000	77000	103000	98000	32807	9492	4073	2051
HUMANITIES and LIBERAL ARTS	47000	59000	99000	69000	38955	19013	7414	3408
LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY	52000	65000	89000	84000	14350	3049	994	192
PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL WORK	43000	56000	83000	78000	23192	16036	2945	2624
RECREATION	45000	58000	75000	73000	5004	1493	310	199
SCIENCE--LIFE/PHYSICAL	54000	73000	125000	89000	28075	14646	13187	9868
SOCIAL SCIENCE	57000	75000	105000	90000	32617	14167	7566	1971

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports higher earnings and lower unemployment rates for doctoral degree holders in comparison to those with master’s and bachelor’s degrees:

According to national studies, more education translates not only to higher earnings, but also higher levels of job success and job satisfaction:

“Educational attainment – the number of years a person spends in school – strongly predicts adult earnings, and also predicts health and civic engagement. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education appear to gain more knowledge and skills on the job than do those with lower levels of education and they are able, to some extent, to transfer what they learn across occupations.” - Education for Life and Work (2012), National Research Council of the National Academies, pg. 66.

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UC Davis Graduate Studies

Salary scales and information, download the salary scales.

2023 - 2024 Salary Scale Effective October 1, 2023

  2024 - 2025 Salary Scale Effective October 1, 2024 

Salary Scale Summary Effective 10/1/2023

Employee Title	Title Code	Annual	Monthly	Hourly  (Single/Group)
	1506	$61,030	$6,781.11	N/A
	1506	$62,861	$6,984.56	N/A
	1506	$64,747	$7,194.11	N/A
	1506	$66,689	$7,409.89	N/A
	1506	$68,690	$7,632.22	N/A
	1506	$70,751	$7,861.22	N/A
	1506	$72,874	$8,097.11	N/A
	2850			$20.28
	2851			$19.40
	2288			$20.28/ $26.42
	2289			$23.88 / $30.01
	2310	$58,250	$6,472.22	N/A
	2310	$59,998	$6,666.44	N/A
	2310	$61,798	$6,866.44	N/A
	3282	$64,990	$5,415.83	N/A
	3282	$70,027	$5,835.58	N/A
	3282	$75,454	$6,287.83	N/A
	3282	$81,302	$6,775.17	N/A
	3282	$87,603	$7,300.25	N/A
	3282	$94,392	$7,866.00	N/A

ASE Salaries

The Teaching Assistant, Associate In_, Reader and Tutor are part of a bargaining unit and the salaries and wages are determined by the contractual agreement between the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) and the University of California as outlined in Article 30A – General Wages of the BX bargaining agreement. The ASE academic salary tables are available online on the University of California website .

GSR Salaries

There are six salary points in the Graduate Student Researcher title. The GSR is a part of a bargaining unit and the salaries and wages are determined by the contractual agreement between the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) and the University of California as outlined in Article - Wages of the BR bargaining agreement. The GSR academic salary scale available online on the University of California website .

Postdoctoral Scholar Salaries

The Postdoctoral Scholars are part of a bargaining unit and the salaries are determined by the contractual agreement between the University of California and the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW).  Postdoctoral Scholars shall be appointed at or above the appropriate experience rate.  The postdoctoral academic salary table is   available on the University of California website . 

Understanding Your Student Salary

Your student employment salary is paid to you by the UC Davis Payroll Department and the salary payments are not posted to your student account, i.e. your salary payments are not reflected on your student bill, which is visible via MyBill and SISWeb .  We highly recommend that all student employees enroll in Employee Payroll Earnings Direct Deposit . All notifications to direct deposit recipients are made via e-mail.

We strongly encourage hiring units to provide each employed graduate student with an appointment letter. For examples, see a sample GSR appointment letter or a sample  TA appointment letter .

The official salary scales for student titles are maintained by the University of California-Office of the President (UCOP) and list salary levels at a monthly amount that would be paid to you if you worked "full-time".  Full-time is defined as 40 hours per week.  Workload (hours/week) is also commonly represented in Full-time Equivalent (FTE) units. An employed person working full-time (40 hours/week) has a 100% FTE appointment while a half-time employee (20 hours/week) has a 50% FTE appointment.  Therefore, the amount of your gross, monthly, salary is dependent on your position (GSR, TA, etc.) , salary step (applicable to TA, AI, GSR's and Postdoc's only), and the % FTE of your appointment. For example, a GSR, salary point 3, with a 50% FTE appointment will receive a gross monthly salary of $3,143.92 (half of $6,287.83). Your FTE appointment percentage, salary and step should be reflected on your appointment letter.

After calculating your gross salary using the information above, your actual net salary (take home pay) is your gross salary minus the mandatory withholding tax.  The amount of withholding tax is dependent on the amount of the gross salary, your individual tax situation, and how you chose to complete your Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate.

During the summer when graduate students are not enrolled in full-time equivalency  they are required to contribute to the University of California Defined Contribution Plan (DCP) as Safe Harbor participants. Detailed information on the plan can be found in the Defined Contribution Plan Summary Plan Description .

Should you have any questions about your salary, please contact the staff administrator who completed your hiring process or your faculty supervisor.

PhD student salary – How much cash will you get?

When considering starting a PhD you need to think about how much you will get as a PhD student at a minimum. Ideally, you would be fully funded so that you could focus 100% on your studies.

A PhD student salary ranges from US$17,000 a year (New Zealand) all the way up to US$104,000 a year (Austria). The amount you need depends significantly on the living costs of a particular country. Places like the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark and Sweden have the highest living cost ratio.

Generally speaking, you can expect to receive a modest stipend for living expenses as well as tuition assistance.

In 2007 my PhD stipend was AU$20,000 (approximately US$13,000). At the time, this was enough for me to live comfortably and save a little bit of money as well.

As the cost-of-living increases PhD student salaries are being stretched to their limits.

Here is data for a range of countries ordered by the best living ratio the higher. The living to cost ratio the further the stipend goes. Data was collected from Glassdoor.com and Numeo .

Austria	104328	11016	9.5
Netherlands	74163	11401	6.5
Finland	46537	10507	4.4
Denmark	53436	12160	4.4
Sweden	42618	11352	3.8
Switzerland	67296	18276	3.7
Norway	50268	13776	3.6
Germany	29040	10320	2.8
France	28129	10764	2.6
UK	24663	9935	2.5
USA	41958	17882	2.3
Canada	22648	10839.6	2.1
Ireland	19389	11074	1.8
New Zealand	16898	10851	1.6

In the US, most PhD students make between $20,000 and $45,000 per year. Some more prestigious programs may offer higher salaries.

Salaries vary by institution and field of study, so you should check with your school’s department to find out what kind of compensation they offer.

Additionally, many universities provide additional funding opportunities such as research grants or teaching assistantships that can help supplement your income. While you may not get rich off of a PhD student salary, it is possible to make enough money to cover basic needs while continuing your studies.

What Are PhD Student Salaries?

PhD students don’t necessarily get “salaries”.

Full-time doctoral students are typically paid a stipend which is usually a fixed amount that covers living expenses as well as tuition.

Other forms of financial support may include fellowships, grants and teaching or research assistantships.

In addition to monetary compensation, PhD students may also receive health insurance and other benefits such as free housing or childcare services. Many universities also offer career counselling services for their PhD students in order to help them find jobs after graduation.

Ultimately, PhD student salaries can vary greatly and it’s important to consider all factors when evaluating PhD offers.

Countries offering Highest PhD stipends in the World

There are a variety of countries that are better at funding PhD students than others. Check out my YouTube video which goes through the countries with the highest PhD stipend and how you can boost yours.

Here is a quick rundown of other benefits if you are considering doing a PhD abroad.

Netherlands

As an international student, you may be considering studying for a PhD in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is home to some of the top universities in Europe and offers a wide range of PhD programs. In addition, the Dutch government offers a number of scholarships and grants for international students.

I’ve done some research and found that the average salary for a PhD student in the Netherlands is around US$74163 per year . This figure is before any additional income from grants or scholarships. So, if you’re planning on studying for a PhD in the Netherlands, it’s important to bear in mind that you’ll need to budget for living costs on top of your tuition.

Switzerland

Every year, the Swiss Confederation and Swiss National Science Foundation award scholarships to international postgraduate researchers who desire to pursue their PhD in Switzerland. It’s home to some of our planet’s most stunning landscapes and among its brightest minds.

Switzerland is known for its degrees in business, is home to some of the best institutes of technology, and is a world leader in finance and banking.

Sweden is a well-developed and prosperous country with a strong tradition of academic excellence.

Swedish universities are consistently ranked highly in international rankings, making it an attractive destination for students from all over the world.

PhD students in Sweden can expect to receive a competitive stipend to help cover living costs during their studies. About USD$42618 per year , according to my research.

In addition, there are a number of scholarships and grants available to help cover the costs of tuition and other expenses.

Denmark is one of the top countries in the world for research and development, making it an attractive prospect for PhD students. The country offers generous stipends to PhD students, with no additional fees for being a student. The average PhD stipend in Denmark is around US$53,436 per year.

Norway is one of the countries offering a high PhD stipend. The average PhD stipend in Norway is around US$50,268 per year . PhD students in Norway also benefit from a high quality of life, as the country is regularly ranked as one of the best places to live in the world.

If you are considering pursuing a PhD, Norway should definitely be on your list of potential countries to study in.

Things to consider for PhD stipends

Before you settle on your PhD there are a few things to consider about your stipend.

Things such as industry top ups can significantly increase your earning potential as a PhD student and looking at the living costs in a particular country as well as the particular terms and conditions for your PhD stipend will mean you do not end up being shortchanged.

Industry Top-ups

One of the best ways that I have seen PhD students earn more money and raise their minimum salary is by looking for industry supported PhD positions and top ups.

For example, while I was on AU$20,000 a year, one of my colleagues in the department was on AU$60,000 a year and was guaranteed a job after their PhD. They had a top up scholarship from an industry partner sponsoring their battery research.

Looking for these opportunities may help you earn significantly more money during your PhD.

Living costs

Quite frankly, PhD living costs vary dramatically from country to country and city to city. European countries may have a relatively high PhD stipend but the living costs are also higher.

The best way to determine the buying power of your PhD scholarship is to consider it in terms of the living costs. The best way to do that is with the living cost index.

Here are the best countries to get a PhD stipend relative to the cost of living. The higher the living ratio the better.

Country
Austria	9.5
Netherlands	6.5
Finland	4.4
Denmark	4.4
Sweden	3.8
Switzerland	3.7
Norway	3.6
Germany	2.8
France	2.6
UK	2.5
USA	2.3
Canada	2.1
Ireland	1.8
New Zealand	1.6

You can see that Austria tops this list and many of the Scandinavian countries also are high on the list. Places like Ireland and New Zealand are one of the worst places to do your PhD if you want your stipend to go a long way.

Length of the PhD

In countries like the United States of America, the PhD system means that you need to do a 5 to 7 year PhD. This significantly increases the amount of time that you will spend in university and, therefore, your earning potential will be limited for a longer amount of time.

I chose to do my PhD in Australia because it would only take me three years as an international student. Choosing a PhD with a shorter timescale from the UK, Australia, New Zealand or European countries may be best for you.

Terms and conditions

Lastly, it is important to scrutinise the terms and conditions of your PhD stipend.

Some stipends do not allow students to get a second job which significantly limits their full-time earning potential. Other places, do not put any restrictions on their PhD students even with a full scholarship.

If you want to know more about earning more money during your PhD check out the two articles below.

• The best PhD student part-time jobs [Full guide]
• Is it possible to earn a PhD while working? The brutal truth

How to Get a PhD Stipend

To get a stipend, you will need to apply for funding through the university or other organizations offering scholarships and grants.

Be sure to carefully read through all requirements of the application process and submit all necessary documents, such as transcripts, essays, recommendation letters and financial aid forms.

You may also need to show proof of academic excellence, such as high grades or awards. For example, I was required to achieve a first class masters before being able to access any funding from a foreign university.

Once accepted, you will usually receive a monthly payment from the organization as well as tuition assistance. Additionally, many universities offer research assistantships which provide students with an opportunity to gain hands-on experience in their field while earning money at the same time.

With dedication and hard work, obtaining a PhD stipend can help reduce some of the financial burden associated with higher education.

Wrapping up

This article has been through everything you need to know that PhD student salaries and giving you some real-world numbers on what you can expect in different countries.

The real important value is the living cost ratio to ensure that your PhD stipend goes as far as possible and is not eaten up quickly by rent, food, and other basic necessities.

It is possible for PhD students to not only live comfortably but also put some money aside if you are very careful about choosing a PhD with a full stipend and looking for other opportunities to top up the money with industry partnerships and other grants.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

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Salary and stipend rates

Mit strives to offer salaries and stipends that enable students to live and pursue their education in cambridge and the greater boston area..

The base salary rates (RA/TA/IG appointments) are established by the collective bargaining agreement (cba) between MIT and the MIT Graduate Student Union . These rates only serve as a guideline to base salary pay; what a department may offer when providing a funding package can vary. Departments have the freedom to set higher rates that are in line with their funding policies for MIT appointments and external fellowships.

Fellowships are funding awards that cover some or all of the costs of graduate tuition, a stipend to cover living expenses, and student health insurance. Some departments offer fellowships to incoming students, and these rates are set in alignment with appointment salary rates. Additionally, MIT offers  grants for graduate students with dependent children  and other sources of support . 

MIT doctoral programs typically provide 12-month appointments; details on funding are outlined in graduate student offer letters. For students in 12-month programs who have a 9-month funding appointment, it is very important that you check with your department or program about opportunities for summer support, since nine months of support is typically insufficient to cover living expenses in the area.

12-month base salary and stipend rates (2024-2025)

RA, Doctoral	RA, Master’s	TA, Doctoral	TA,
Monthly: $4,134	Monthly: $3,777	Monthly: $4,232	Monthly: $4,232
Annual (12mo.): $49,614	Annual (12mo.): $45,320	Annual (12mo.): $50,779	Annual (12mo.): $50,779
High Range (+15%): $57,056	High Range (+15%): $52,118	High Range (+15%): $58,396	High Range (+15%): $58,396

Salaries, stipends, payroll, and taxes

All students are paid via MITPay, with the first payment typically disbursed during the second week of the term. Please see payroll information for graduate students for more information.

The salary or stipend is only part of the financial picture for supporting graduate students. Depending on award or appointment type, there are different costs to MIT and/or external sponsors. In all cases, MIT pays a substantial fraction of the tuition for students with research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and fellowships. MIT also subsidizes the graduate student housing system and the cost of health care.

Payments received from MIT may be subject to  withholding tax  in accordance with regulations governed by U.S. federal and state tax authorities. To learn more about how common payment types are defined by the IRS, and details about tax withholding and reporting, please visit the  Office of the Vice President for Finance (VPF) website .

The MIT International Students Office (ISO) and MIT VPF host a series of tax information workshops each spring for both U.S. and international students. More information can be found on the  workshops page .

Useful links: 

Office of Sponsored Programs – Graduate Research Assistant Tuition Subsidy Rates

Historic Stipend Levels

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Dive deeper into attending grad school

Strategies to afford your next degree : How to pay for grad school

Who qualifies for aid : Financial aid for grad school

Paying for grad school: Subsidized loans for graduate school

Find a loan: Best graduate student loan options

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3.87-17.99% College Ave Student Loans products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or M.Y. Safra Bank, FSB, member FDIC.. All loans are subject to individual approval and adherence to underwriting guidelines. Program restrictions, other terms, and conditions apply. As certified by your school and less any other financial aid you might receive. Minimum $1,000. Rates shown include autopay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. Variable rates may increase after consummation. This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Flat Repayment Option with an 8-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 7.78% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (“APR”): 54 monthly payments of $25 while in school, followed by 96 monthly payments of $176.21 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $18,266.38. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Deferred Repayment Option with a 10-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 8.35% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (“APR”): 120 monthly payments of $179.18 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $21,501.54. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. Information advertised valid as of 8/5/2024. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on the creditworthiness of the applicant(s), lowest advertised rates only available to the most creditworthy applicants and require selection of full principal and interest payments with the shortest available loan term.

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5.59-17.99% College Ave Student Loans products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or M.Y. Safra Bank, FSB, member FDIC.. All loans are subject to individual approval and adherence to underwriting guidelines. Program restrictions, other terms, and conditions apply. As certified by your school and less any other financial aid you might receive. Minimum $1,000. Rates shown include autopay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. Variable rates may increase after consummation. This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Flat Repayment Option with an 8-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 7.78% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (“APR”): 54 monthly payments of $25 while in school, followed by 96 monthly payments of $176.21 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $18,266.38. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. This informational repayment example uses typical loan terms for a freshman borrower who selects the Deferred Repayment Option with a 10-year repayment term, has a $10,000 loan that is disbursed in one disbursement and a 8.35% fixed Annual Percentage Rate (“APR”): 120 monthly payments of $179.18 while in the repayment period, for a total amount of payments of $21,501.54. Loans will never have a full principal and interest monthly payment of less than $50. Your actual rates and repayment terms may vary. Information advertised valid as of 8/5/2024. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on the creditworthiness of the applicant(s), lowest advertised rates only available to the most creditworthy applicants and require selection of full principal and interest payments with the shortest available loan term.

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3.74-15.49% Lowest rates shown include the auto debit. Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan to a student who attends school for 4 years and has no prior Sallie Mae-serviced loans. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan’s Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. Advertised APRs are valid as of 8/8/2024. Loan amounts: For applications submitted directly to Sallie Mae, loan amount cannot exceed the cost of attendance less financial aid received, as certified by the school. Applications submitted to Sallie Mae through a partner website will be subject to a lower maximum loan request amount. Miscellaneous personal expenses (such as a laptop) may be included in the cost of attendance for students enrolled at least half-time. Examples of typical costs for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, fixed repayment option, 6-month separation period, and two disbursements: For a borrower with no prior loans and a 4-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.28% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $182.67 and one payment of $121.71, for a Total Loan Cost of $23,134.44. For a borrower with $20,000 in prior loans and a 2-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.78% fixed APR, 27 payments of $25.00, 179 payments of $132.53 and one payment of $40.35 for a total loan cost of $24,438.22. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not.

5.37-15.70% Lowest rates shown include the auto debit. Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan to a student who attends school for 4 years and has no prior Sallie Mae-serviced loans. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan’s Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. Advertised APRs are valid as of 8/8/2024. Loan amounts: For applications submitted directly to Sallie Mae, loan amount cannot exceed the cost of attendance less financial aid received, as certified by the school. Applications submitted to Sallie Mae through a partner website will be subject to a lower maximum loan request amount. Miscellaneous personal expenses (such as a laptop) may be included in the cost of attendance for students enrolled at least half-time. Examples of typical costs for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, fixed repayment option, 6-month separation period, and two disbursements: For a borrower with no prior loans and a 4-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.28% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $182.67 and one payment of $121.71, for a Total Loan Cost of $23,134.44. For a borrower with $20,000 in prior loans and a 2-year in-school period, it works out to a 10.78% fixed APR, 27 payments of $25.00, 179 payments of $132.53 and one payment of $40.35 for a total loan cost of $24,438.22. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not.

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Graduate students who work as teaching assistants earn an average of $38,040 annually, according to 2021 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But how much you get paid as a grad student can vary greatly.

Grad school compensation depends on your school’s policies and your role at the institution. For example, teaching assistants and research assistants may have different pay scales, as could first-year and fourth-year graduate students.

» MORE: Is a masters degree worth it?

How graduate students get paid

Colleges may pay graduate students who work at the school via a stipend or a salary. Generally, the key differences between these options are as follows:

Stipends are for students. You receive this funding as part of an assistantship or fellowship from the school. The money is meant to support your living expenses while you perform research or your other educational pursuits. Stipend amounts may be based on the length of the academic year, not the calendar year.

Salaries are for employees. The school has formally hired you as an employee to perform specific responsibilities, like leading a class, for instance. As a salaried worker, your wages may be a set amount or based on the hours you work. You may also receive employee benefits such as subsidized health care or workers’ compensation.

How much is a graduate student’s stipend?

Cornell University recently announced it would increase graduate student stipends by 8%, bringing the average annual assistantship stipends for Ithaca- and Cornell AgriTech-based students to $43,326.

But this is not the norm. Many graduate students are paid much less.

The Temple University Graduate Students' Association, for example, began negotiations with the university in January 2021 to raise their average graduate student stipend — currently at $19,500 year.

Because funding can vary by school, it's best to research stipend information on your school’s website. This will likely include how much you’ll receive, as well as any factors that affect your pay rate. For example, the Stanford School of Education pays research assistants more once they’re officially doctoral candidates.

Living on graduate student payments

Working while in school can help cover some graduate program costs. But even with multiple jobs, you’ll likely need additional money to afford all your expenses.

Apply for scholarships and grants you may qualify for. Also, explore any other assistance your school offers. For example, Duke University offers up to $7,000 a semester to Ph.D. students who need child care.

After exhausting free aid and your stipend or salary, you may have to turn to graduate student loans to close any additional gaps in funding. For the 2020-2021 academic year, the average grad student graduated with $17,680 in federal graduate student loans, according to the College Board, a not-for-profit association of educational institutions.

There aren’t subsidized loans for graduate school, where the government covers the cost of interest while you’re in school, but unsubsidized loans are available and you don't have to make payments while enrolled at least half-time.

You can also take out up to your program’s cost of attendance — minus other aid you’ve already received — in graduate PLUS loans from the federal government or private graduate school loans .

» MORE: How to pay for graduate school

On a similar note...

Master, PhD and Postdoc Scholarships

• Comparison of Salary of PhD Students in Europe

This post concerns the Comparison of the Salary of PhD Students in Europe. The purpose of this post is to compare the salaries of PhD students in Europe. The table includes ten countries in Western Europe. In this post, the salaries of PhD students in different European countries including Denmark , Germany , Switzerland , Sweden , Finland , Austria , Norway , Ireland , France , Netherlands and the UK . are compared.

A comparison of the salaries of PhD students in Europe

In the chart below you will find the minimum and maximum gross (before tax) salaries for PhDs in various European countries. The list will grow as more countries are added. PhD students in Europe earn varying salaries depending on the country, the institution they are affiliated with, and their field of study. We, therefore, present a table showing the minimum and maximum before-tax salaries of PhD students in Europe.

Comparison of PhD students’ minimum salaries (before tax) in Europe

The average minimum salary for a PhD student in Europe is €2,600 per month. It is important to note that this figure includes all the different fields and not just science or engineering. The values listed here include the minimum salaries of PhD scholarships and funded positions.

The average salary for a PhD student in Europe varies depending on the country as well as the university. The highest average salary was found in Denmark with €49,802 per year and the lowest was found in Ireland with €16,000 per year.

Chart of Comparison of PhD students’ Minimum Yearly Salaries (before tax) in Europe

Comparison of PhD students’ maximum salaries (before tax) in Europe

The average maximum salary for a PhD student in Europe is around €3,500 per month. The figure in this table includes all different fields, not just science or engineering. It also includes the maximum salaries of PhD scholarships and funded positions.

Chart of Comparison of PhD students’ Maximum Yearly Salaries (before tax) in Europe

This chart compares the minimum and maximum PhD salaries (before taxes) in different European countries.

It is very interesting that even though Denmark has the highest minimum PhD salaries, Switzerland has the highest maximum PhD salaries. It shows that the salary of a PhD student in Switzerland could differ significantly among Swiss universities.

Remarks about the salary of PhD students in Germany and the UK

Regarding the table above, there are a few remarks. Germany does not have a minimum salary for PhD students, so they could do their PhD without a salary. Furthermore, if PhD students receive a stipend or scholarship, the numbers might be very different (generally lower than the salaries listed above). Throughout the UK, the values in the table represent the annual stipend of PhD students. Since this is a stipend, the student does not pay any taxes on it, so we can also call it after-tax income. The last thing to note is that the maximum value is more reserved for exceptional cases (especially in Switzerland). We recommend you read the salary pages of each country if you want to know the exact salary allocation and the details.

Interested in discovering the salary figures for PhD and postdoctoral positions in Europe?:

• PhD Salary in Denmark
• Postdoc Salary in Denmark
• Salary of a PhD student and Postdoc in Norway
• PhD Salary in Switzerland
• Salary ladder for PhD students in Sweden
• Salary of PhD student and Postdoc in Germany
• Salary of PhD and Postdoc in Ireland
• Salary of Postdocs in France
• Salary of PhD student and Postdoc in the UK
• Professors’ salary in the UK
• Salary of PhD student and Postdoc in the Netherlands
• Salary of PhD student and Postdoc in Finland
• Salary of PhD student and Postdoc in Austria
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• Salary of PhD student in Marie-Curie ITN
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Fully Funded PhD Positions with Salary

• Germany – Fully Funded PhD
• Switzerland – Fully Funded PhD
• Denmark – Fully Funded PhD
• UK – Fully Funded PhD
• Sweden – Fully Funded PhD
• Finland – Fully Funded PhD
• Netherlands – Fully Funded PhD
• Norway – Fully Funded PhD
• Belgium – Fully Funded PhD
• Austria – Fully Funded PhD
• Australia – Fully Funded PhD
• France – Fully Funded PhD
• New Zealand – Fully Funded PhD
• Canada – Fully Funded PhD
• USA – Fully Funded PhD
• Luxembourg – Fully Funded PhD
• Spain – Fully Funded PhD
• Italy – Fully Funded PhD
• Iceland -Fully Funded PhD

All academic positions (the latest ones) will be updated by the Fastepo Team. Also, please follow our Facebook page to not miss any new vacancies. Alternatively, if you don’t enjoy reading text, check out our YouTube channel for videos about PhDs and Postdocs.

Related Post

Increasing phd stipend 2023-2024 in uk, professors salary in the uk, phd salary in sweden.

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Experiences of a London PhD student and beyond

PhD Salary UK: How Much Do PhD Students Get Paid Compared to Graduates?

Considering whether to stay in university as a PhD student or to leave and get a job? If so, you may be wondering “How much do PhD student get paid?” and “How does a UK PhD salary compare to a graduate salary?” .

In this post I delve into the details and reveal that the difference in take home pay between a UK PhD stipend and a grad position can actually be much lower than it first appears!

If you’re looking to know how much a PhD could boost your career and salary after finishing your doctoral degree I’d suggest checking out my post: Is a PhD Worth It ? See details here for how much people earn in academia after getting their PhD .

I also have a complementary post covering my monthly expenses as a PhD student. You may also wish to check out my guide to the application process , PhD FAQs and article on how I got a PhD scholarship .

February 2024 : This post has been updated to include figures for the 2023/24 academic year.

Do PhD students get paid in the UK? If so, how much do PhD students get paid?

Before we delve into the details let’s first cover whether PhD students get paid in the UK. Generally, yes, most PhD students get what is called a PhD stipend to support themselves during their PhD. Importantly, a PhD stipend (in the UK at least) is tax free .

It is worth noting though that not all PhD projects automatically include funding. Funding may also not be applicable for every applicant. For example sometimes it may only be available to home students i.e. those from the UK.

Therefore some students may resort to self funding their PhD. In STEM subjects self funding a PhD is pretty rare and often only happens because of limitations in funding eligibility. I’ve personally worked with a mix of funded and self-funded (often by parents) PhD students, though most are certainly funded by grants and scholarships.

If your project doesn’t already include funding, for most people I strongly advise trying to find funding rather than considering self funding. For more information on this check out my post on PhD Funding in the UK.

2023/24 UK PhD Salary

• PhD salary outside of London: In 2023/24 most new PhD students in the UK will receive a PhD stipend worth at least £18,622 per year .
• PhD salary in London : In 2023/24 most new PhD students in London will receive an increased stipend to account for cost of living , which is typically around £20,622 per year .

Notice that the PhD stipend for outside of London is at least £18,622 per year. I’ve seen several advertised at the London rate. There are also some available at an even higher rate. For example I know of CDTs in Bristol paying more like £24,000 tax-free.

Your PhD stipend will usually provide funding for 3.5 years, although it can occasionally be for 3 or 4 years.

These values are for most PhD studentships including those awarded by all UK research councils following the UKRI guidelines .

Certain scholarship schemes pay upwards of £25,000 per year, such as the £25,150 (2024/25 rate) President’s PhD Scholarships at Imperial. For details on how to get such a scholarship, check out this article where I go over how I got awarded my own PhD scholarship.

The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN)  runs all across the EU. As well as nice training and exchange opportunities it pays a staggering stipend of approx £40,000 – £45,000 . The grant level is reviewed each year and increases if you have family dependents. I personally wish I’d known about it earlier and highly recommend anyone interested puts a reminder in their diary for when the next call opens!

Is a UK PhD stipend taxable?

Here is what PhD stipends look like compared to some fairly typical starting grad salaries in the UK:

At first glance a PhD stipend doesn’t stack up well against the higher wages of a graduate salary which can sometimes be twice this amount or more. But crucially PhD stipends for students are tax free !

There are a few other financial perks that come with being a student so I was intrigued to find out how the two salaries really compared. The results may surprise you!

Below is a high level overview and I’ll delve into each of the numbers in depth later in the post.

Grad salary vs PhD salary starting numbers

As mentioned earlier, in 2023/24 a typical PhD stipend outside of London is at least £18,622 . Within London this will typically increase slightly to account for cost of living to around £20,622 . These rates rise every year for new students, but do not rise for each year of the PhD. So for new students considering starting in 2024/25 a UK PhD salary will likely be around £19,100 outside of London. 

For the sake of simplifying the comparison I averaged the 2023/24 PhD stipend to £19,622 for all PhD students studying in the UK.

A fairly typical grad salary, for someone qualified enough to be considering a science PhD, is around £30,000 . Of course this is an average salary so needs to be taken with a pinch of salt. As the number can vary dramatically it may be considered too low by some, but I think it’s a good benchmark accounting for different regions of the UK.

I’ve included higher and lower graduate salaries too in the summary charts for this post.

Salary Gap: £10,378

On the face of it the PhD student would be earning £10,378 less per year: around 35% lower! This is enough of a difference to put off a lot of potential PhD candidates who’ve likely spent the last few years building up student loans.

But unlike normal wages, PhD stipends are tax free so maybe things aren’t as bleak for PhD students as it seems? Let’s explore how they really compare.

Income Tax & National Insurance Contributions

The 2023/24 Personal Income Allowance is £12,570. This means that you can earn up to this amount and not pay any income tax. Earnings from £12,571 up to £50,270 fall into the basic rate bracket of 20% tax.

PhD Student Salary: PhD stipends are tax free and incur no income tax or national insurance contributions. Remaining stipend: £19,622

Professional Salary: On £30,000 you’d pay £ 3486 in income tax and NI contributions of £2004 . Remaining wage:  £24,510

Salary Gap: £4888 Income tax and national insurance contributions have immediately almost halved the difference in take-home pay from £10,378 down to £4888!

Student Loan Repayment

PhD Student Salary: Even with a PhD stipend you are officially an unwaged student so you won’t make student loan repayments as a PhD student. Remaining stipend: £19,622 [see footnote 1]

Professional Salary: The amount you may have to pay for student loan repayments depends upon when you started your undergraduate course. If you started your undergraduate course since 2012 you pay student loan repayments on earnings above £27,295. Meaning on a salary of £30,000 you’d pay £243 a year on student loan repayments. If you began your undergraduate course before 2012, repayments start on salaries above £22,015 and would be £541 a year . Most of you likely completed your undergrad degree recently so we’ll go with the more recent, lower, repayments. Remaining wage:  £24,267

Salary Gap: £4645

Council Tax

PhD Student Salary: Another cost that students are exempt from is council tax. Though be careful if you share a house with non-students since council tax must then be paid on the property. [2] Remaining stipend:  £19,622

Professional Salary: Council tax varies greatly between council boroughs, and depends on the property you live in. For example in Cardiff I lived in a one bed flat and the annual council tax was £1050 per year. During my PhD in London council tax for a lovely three bed house  in Clapham it was £1000! Now that I live in Bristol it is over £2000 per year for a three bed house. I’ll go to the liberty of saying on average it would be £1150 per year and would be divided between two people: -£575 each. Total: £23,692

Salary Gap: £4070

Private Pension Contributions

PhD Student Salary: Although universities pay a PhD stipend to students, you are not a member of staff and hence do not make private pension contributions. Remaining stipend:  £19,622

Professional Salary: Legislation has been phasing in making contribution to private pensions mandatory. The upside is that employers match your contribution up to varying percentages: sometimes up to about 10% of your salary. Additionally there are tax benefits to contributing so overall you could see it as boosting your salary looking at the longer term view. [3]

I believe there are troubling times ahead for 20-somethings and personally am not relying on a state pension existing by the time we all reach retirement age. Therefore I wholeheartedly recommend making a decently sized contribution at least up to the same amount that your employer matches. For the purposes of this comparison I won’t deduct anything for private pension since it’s not really being deducted so I’ll call this one a draw.  Total: £23,692

Student Discount

Ah the obvious one! Student discount may have been the first thing you thought of when you saw this article, but I’m not going to include it in this analysis.

A student card does allow a significant amount to be saved, not only on luxuries such as entry to attractions and deals in shops but also travel. For example in London, an 18+ student oystercard gets you 30% off travelcards. For a monthly zones 1-3 ticket this would save about £50 a month: over £600 a year!

The reason I’ve not included it? How much you use student discount depends on your circumstances and lifestyle and I wanted to keep the analysis widely applicable. Also, there are ways around needing to pay for travel at all: I started cycling to university every day in London .

Curveball: the £12,570 Tax-Free Personal Income Allowance

So far the recent grad is still earning an additional £4842 per year: almost a third more than the PhD student. Owing to the fact that PhD students are exempt from income tax, national insurance contributions, council tax and student loan repayments the gap in earnings has shrunk considerably.

One last calculation I wanted to try was to consider the scenario of a student earning some additional money on the side. It is a common thing to make extra money with teaching assistant, tutoring and consultancy opportunities. In fact I think every PhD student I know does at least a little. There are of course non-academic routes to make additional money too.

I have written a post about some of the ways that I make extra money , many of which are in fact available to non-students. Do be careful to check that this is acceptable at your institution. My favourite way to make extra money is matched betting which is tax-free for everybody. You can find my complete guide to matched betting here .

Tax-free side-hustle

Currently you can earn £12,570 tax free in the UK . Given that the PhD stipend itself is tax free, unlike an equivalent worker you wouldn’t pay any tax on extra earnings up to this threshold. This might sound insignificant but it’s not.

Admittedly, unless you’re very entrepreneurial, it is unlikely that you would make use of the whole tax-free opportunity. But earning several thousand pounds per year on top of the stipend is certainly common.

As pointed out by a reader, John, in the comments below: a consideration should be that that some universities limit how much paid work you can do per month. Even so, there are lots of ways to make money and your time as a student could even be a great time to start your own business .

I’ve been paid more than £25 an hour doing pretty simple work for the university , so these earnings can mount up quickly.

Higher rate	For duties requiring a larger element of preparatory work such as most types of tutorials and seminars.	£28.75
Lower rate	For duties requiring little preparation or marking such as demonstrating.	£17.06

To illustrate the extra earning potential afforded to PhD students, let’s consider the most extreme case where the tax-free earnings are maximised.

Since 2017 there has been a £1000 tax-free trading allowance for workers in the UK , meaning even those in a normal taxable job can earn £1000 on top of their salary from side-hustle jobs. Therefore the grad will pay additional taxes on £11,570 instead of £12,570.

PhD Student Salary: An enterprising student maxing out the tax-free allowance could earn £12,570 a year and pay no national insurance either, leaving additional take-home pay of  £12,570 . With a PhD stipend of £17,062 the student would in total earn £32,192 for the year. They’d keep 100% of those extra earnings.

Again, yes it is unlikely that someone would really earn this much on the side but it is common to make at least several thousand throughout the year.

Professional Salary: As a grad on £30,000 per year in your main job, to have an equivalent side-hustle earning £12,570, in total you’d pay tax on £41,570. Income tax would be £5800: £2314 higher than on their base salary of £30,000. NI contributions would be £3335: £1331 higher. Plus student loan repayments would be £1284: £1041 higher. Student loan repayments really start increasing considerably when you’re earning more. These additional taxes and costs total deductions of £4686,  leaving the professional with extra take-home pay of  £7884 . Including their day-job the total they’d be left with is £31,576 .

For this extra £12,570 of work, the student would pocket 100% of it and the professional would keep £7884 ( 63% ). Looking at the pre-tax difference in their earnings: at face value the student would be earning £32,192 and the grad £41,570: a difference of £9378. Yet once taxes are considered the final result is two people with remarkably similar take-home pays: a difference of £616 in favour of the student!

Check it out:

Under these circumstances the student would in fact take home £616 more per year than the professional! I used the maximum tax-free allowance to highlight the point and yes it’s unlikely that many students will fully utilise it. Yet the point stands that any additional earnings are much better retained by PhD students.

If someone was running a fully-fledged business on the side then the difference becomes even bigger as the grad salary approaches the next tax bracket for earnings of £50,271 and above, at which point the rate of income tax doubles.

There are very few legal ways of making money which are tax-exempt for everyone. One of these rare cases is also my favourite way to make money on the side: matched betting. Intrigued? I’ve written a huge guide to it here . In this rare instance none of the grad’s extra earnings get eroded by tax.

Grad salary vs PhD student salary conclusion

Starting from a difference of £10,378 in salary, taxes and other outgoings have knocked £6308 off the graduate’s wage. This brings the difference in earnings down to £4070. This equates to £339 per month. More than nothing, but not a huge difference. And this doesn’t include any extra earnings on the side which the student can do a much better job of retaining.

Surprised how small the difference is? I certainly was whilst I was writing this.

Here is a chart for comparing a wider range of salaries:

This analysis doesn’t take in to account the extra earning power that gaining a PhD could bring, nor the potential lifestyle benefits of being a student such as autonomy and flexible working hours which it could be argued level the playing field even further. Plus the opportunities afforded to PhD students, which everyone should seize. And yes, student discount if you use it.

Furthermore if you consider the opportunity to make an additional £12k+ per year before incurring tax  any difference in earnings can become close to negligible!

I hope that this post has helped explain that the wage gap between UK PhD stipends and grad salaries is not as dramatic it first seems. Perhaps it’s even encouraged you to consider a PhD. If so I’ve written posts to help with your application and an article on how to improve your chances of securing a PhD scholarship . Also if you’re curious you can read about life as a PhD student along with profiles of PhD students around the world .

If you’d like personalised help with your PhD application I am now starting to offer a small number of one-to-one sessions. Please contact me to find out more or click here to book a call.

What do you think about this comparison between a UK PhD stipend and grad salary? Do you think there are any additional factors that I have overlooked? Please share your thoughts in the comments below and if you’ve enjoyed this post you can subscribe to hear about more content:

[1] Some people might say that by continuing studying you’re simply delaying your student loan repayment.  Considering most people don’t pay it off in the 30 odd years until any outstanding balance is wiped I think it’s fair to say that this doesn’t ring true.

[2] No council tax is paid on a property if all occupants are students. If you live with one professional they can claim the single occupancy discount of 25% but with two or more professionals the full council tax amount must be paid. If you share in a mixed group it is up to you how you divide it within the group. Ironically given the spirit of this post, last year I voluntarily did pay an equal (third) share of council tax given that my partner was moving to London specifically to live with me…

[3] If you go on to work for a university after your PhD you’ll be enrolled in the USS pension scheme where you’ll usually pay in 9% of your salary and your employer pays in 19%: yes, nineteen! For comparison most often the best private companies may match contributions up to 10%. Pension contributions are often removed from your pay packet before taxes. This effectively leaves you with a smaller salary and hence pay less taxes and national insurance contributions. Between this and your employer’s contributions overall your salary could be “boosted” by quite a bit, around 20% in the USS example, if you consider the pension as part of your long-term salary.

All calculations were carried out using the tax calculator on Martin’s Money Saving Expert. A fantastic website for all things personal finance.

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17 Comments on “PhD Salary UK: How Much Do PhD Students Get Paid Compared to Graduates?”

It’s probably worth factoring in that most HEIs limit PhD students to a maximum I’m of 10hours pw of external work. By my rough estimate, the student would have to earn £25 an hour to make the money you’ve described here. The side hustle, should probably be halved to reflect a more typical salary. Still a fair whack though.

Hi John, yes that’s a good point and I’ll update the post to reflect this. In my experience £25/hour is realistic, at least here at Imperial, though I appreciate it would rarely get fully utilised. Thanks again

Hello Jeff! I am a Sustainability Consultant from India, looking at PhD opportunities in UK. It would be great if we can connect and discuss a bit about your experience and journey. Looking forward!

Hey Akhyata! Great, yes let’s have a chat. I’ve emailed you to arrange it. Best wishes, Jeff

Hi Jeff! I love your article, I’m a pharmacist juggling the idea of a PhD. I would love to take up on your offer to connect.

Hey Kai! Great, I’ll email you now to arrange it.

Hi Jeff, I am a law grad very interested in further study and pursuing a PhD.

I would love the chance to chat to you further about this article and your experience!

Thanks in advance

Hey Clara, Yeah no worries. I’ll send you an email now to discuss.

Hi Jeff, I’m putting together a PhD proposal at the moment and would really appreciate your input on a few things about the process when you have some free time. Cheers, Ben

Hi Ben, sure no problem, I’m happy to try and help. Let’s discuss over email.

Hi Jeff, Thank you for taking the time to write the articles you do. On this particular article, you have saved us all quite a lot of time. With such a minimal difference even without an additional income, it makes a lot of sense, especially with an increase when you graduate.

Those from the UK can take a £24k loan from the Gov (as if they didn’t have enough debt already). Still, it could enable a student to focus more on academia, speeding up the process and increasing the quality of work.

Apologies Jeff, the stipend and student loan are not available at the same time.

Thanks very much for your comments Tyrone. I’m pleased you find the website useful!

If you can get funding, I agree that there isn’t much of a reason to not do a PhD.

I must admit I’ve never looked much at postgraduate loans, in part because I encourage everyone doing a PhD (in STEM at least) to pursue funding. We’re doing PhDs which can help wider society and it doesn’t make sense for people to have to sacrifice even more by adding extra debt if they can avoid it. Interesting to hear that you can’t take out a loan if you have a stipend, thanks for letting me know.

Perhaps of interest to you, there is a post going live tomorrow which should put the length of a PhD in context of someone’s whole career. In short it doesn’t sacrifice much of a career but of course but make a very useful addition!

If there are any other topics you want to see covered please do let me know.

Best wishes.

Tax Free is not a perk. If you are not paying tax in the UK you cannot contribute to your pension. This may not seem important now, but it will later. This is especially important for mature students who can really lose out if there is a break in their NI contributions.

Thanks for your comment Marie.

The point is that normal tax-paying jobs don’t actually pay quite as much more than PhD stipends once you consider tax. I agree that over the long term avoiding paying taxes is neither a good idea because of things like pensions, nor is it socially ethical. But I don’t think there is any harm in taking 3-4 years out for a PhD:

You have to pay NI for a minimum of only 10 years to qualify for some level of state pension in the UK. After this the pension received simply increases linearly with the number of years of contributions, up to a max of 35 years. With retirement age edging up to 70 that gives at least 45 years between undergrad and retirement so most people will comfortably qualify (for now) for the full state pension. I’d argue that there is ample time to earn some tax free money as a PhD student without having to worry about making enough NI contributions. You can even voluntarily pay NI to gain additional qualifying years on your record. More generally I’d suggest also to not rely on receiving the state pension, I’m not personally betting on there even being a state pension by my own retirement (nor do I want to retire at 70+) so it’s always a good idea to build up your own private pension and savings too!

Hi Jeff, I was looking for funded PhD projects in the Marie Curie network and found a few on the EURAXESS website, but they all require a Master’s degree to apply. I was wondering if there is something I am missing or if you know where to find PhD funding opportunities in the Marie Curie network with only a bachelor’s degree. Thank you.

Hi Alex, thanks for your comment. I must admit I’m not an expert on all of the different Marie Curie funding routes available. If you’ve already done an extensive search then it sounds like yes they all may require a Master’s. By the way, when I first wrote this post I believed that all PhDs funded by UK research councils (UKRI) were at the very specific levels as mentioned in the post. However, I now know that there are some exceptions. For example, the Interactive AI CDT here at Bristol pays a stipend of £22,106: quite a bit higher than the standard non-London rate. CDTs such as this one include a foundation year and not everyone has a Master’s, so it may be worth considering schemes such as this. Best wishes, Jeff.

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Doctoral Students’ salary

Various funding sources

Funding for assistant positions comes from various sources, including grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Commission for Technology and Innovation, and the European Research Council, as well as other national and international research agencies, from other public sources, and from private industry. The basic starting salary of an EPFL doctoral assistant is CHF 54’550.- gross per annum (valid from 01.01.2024). The full salary scale is available here .

A registration fee (at the beginning of your studies), and a doctoral tax (at the completion of your studies) are charged (see Ordonnance sur les taxes and the webpage « Doctoral Studies »). If you receive a scholarship from your home country, EPFL has a policy of ensuring you receive an income equivalent to that of internally-funded doctoral students.

Please note that you must be admitted by a doctoral program before you can be hired as a doctoral assistant. In some cases, candidates will be admitted by a doctoral program that does not have a corresponding funded position available. Those candidates remain eligible for hiring during 1 year if funding occurring. They also have the possibility to look for individual scholarships and funding.

• Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships : Only if you are admitted by a doctoral program  that does not have a corresponding funded position available, the PhD Scholarship is an interesting option.
• Doc.ch Fellowships : if you are admitted by a program that does not have a corresponding funded position available and your field of research can relate to a field of humanities or social sciences, the doc.ch fellowships is an interesting option.

Some of our doctoral students are employed by external research labs. If this situation applies to you, please contact your doctoral program for further information.

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Why are my student loans in forbearance? Why this legal battle led to surprise notification for millions of borrowers

President Joe Biden's administration has worked to forgive or lower student loan repayments , but now one of the main programs helping millions of Americans is in court and borrowers are in forbearance.

Around eight million people with a Saving On A Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan woke up to an email Friday from companies managing their student loan repayments stating that they were now in forbearance for an undetermined time. And while forbearance isn't a new program, this mass execution of it is.

An administrative stay was granted by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit in St. Louis at the end of July, based on a request by Missouri and six other Republican-led states. This stay blocked Biden's administration from continuing to implement the student debt relief plan, according to reports from USA TODAY .

Here's what it means and why people on the SAVE plan are now in this situation.

What is the SAVE student loan plan?

This repayment plan was meant to help millions of borrowers repay their student loans off in a way that didn't devastate them financially.

The income-driven repayment plan allows those in lower income brackets to pay a smaller monthly amount based on what they make and their family size. It also had a higher income threshold to qualify for $0 monthly payments on eligible loans, but it also required just 5% of the borrower's income after they paid for housing, food, taxes and other necessary bills instead of the typical 10%, according to reports from Forbes .

SAVE also paved the way for student loan forgiveness. Borrows who paid on undergraduate loans for 20 years and/or graduate loans for 25 years could have whatever was still owed on the loan after that time cleared.

What is forbearance?

When it comes to student loans forbearance is when you don't have to make a payment, or you can temporarily make a smaller payment during a certain time period, according to the Federal Student Aid Department with the Department of Education.

In most cases, borrowers need to apply to get a forbearance, but in this case, the Biden administration froze payments as legal battles around the SAVE plan continue.

“Borrowers enrolled in the SAVE plan will be placed in an interest-free forbearance while our administration continues to vigorously defend the SAVE plan in court,” Miguel Cardona, the secretary of education, said in a statement in July. “The Department will be providing regular updates to borrowers affected by these rulings in the coming days.”

Why is the SAVE plan in court?

The income-driven repayment plan implemented by the Biden administration in 2023 met with stark criticism from Republicans. Soon Republican states were taking the SAVE plan to court

In June, two federal judges in Kansas and Missouri blocked the administration from further implementing the student debt relief plan. These two decisions blocked part of the SAVE plan.

In July, seven state attorney generals led by Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey asked the 8th Circuit to block the rest of the SAVE Plan. The court did so through a one-page order granting an administrative stay, according to USA TODAY reports.

Bailey on the social platform X hailed the ruling as a "huge win for every American who still believes in paying their own way." He said the student loan plan "would have saddled working Americans with half-a-trillion dollars in Ivy League debt."

When do I have to start paying on my student loans again?

Right now, there is no set date for when the forbearance will end and when people will once again have to start paying back their student loans.

format_list_bulleted Topic Overview

Paying students (graduate and undergraduate).

Students can accept employment at Stanford to meet academic year earning expectations for financial aid packages and/or to perform services related to their course of graduate study. This overview outlines information about paying student workers and various methods of funding graduate students.

In rare occasions, if a student (not employed by Stanford) participates or contributes to a special Stanford activity or event, they may be paid through an  honorarium .

Roles and Responsibilities

Faculty members often supervise student employees on hourly-paid jobs and graduate students on assistantships and fellowships. Administrators within the departments are responsible for setting up employee records and pay instructions with Payroll, and assisting faculty with their supervisory tasks, such as approving rates of pay and, in the case of hourly employees, approving hours worked. Administrators are responsible for entering all graduate payments in the Graduate Financial Support (GFS) system.

Paying Student Workers

When undergraduate or graduate students are performing a service for Stanford, treat them as employees with the requisite paperwork and, if they are working in an hourly position, keep an accurate record of hours worked.

Hourly-Paid Students

Students working in hourly-paid positions are hired as employees, with job records in PeopleSoft.

• For PeopleSoft entry deadlines for each pay period, refer to Resource: Payroll Schedules and Deadlines .
• For employment guidelines, including pay scales and work-hour limitations, refer to Administrative Guide Policy 10.1.1: Undergraduate Student Employment on Campus  and Administrative Guide Policy 10.2.2: Graduate Student Hourly Employment .
• To enroll in direct deposit, refer to How to: Enroll/Update/Cancel Direct Deposit .

Hourly-paid students must record actual hours worked in Axess Timecard each pay period. Refer to Topic Overview: Time and Leave Reporting  for more information.

I-9 Collection and Reverification

To comply with U.S. law, Stanford administrators must verify the eligibility for employment for all new employees, including student employees. However, students who are continuously enrolled, except during normal school break periods, do not need to submit a new I-9 Form when moving between jobs. They need to present renewal documents before current documents expire to avoid any disruptions in pay. Refer to How to: Verify Employment Eligibility (I-9)  for more information.

Taxation of Student Pay

Student-employee pay is subject to federal and state income tax withholdings and is reported on Form W-2. Work performed in California is subject to withholding and reporting to California, regardless of residency status of the student. Registered degree-seeking students do not pay FICA (Social Security and Medicare) taxes or California Voluntary Disability Insurance for the quarters that they are enrolled in classes.

Students can refer to the Student Financial Services Taxes websites for information on tax considerations for:

• U.S. Citizen and Resident non-U.S. Citizen Students
• Non-Resident non-U.S. Citizen Students

Paying Non-Registered Students

Students who are working, but are not enrolled for a given quarter, are treated as temporary employees. Terminate the student job record, and rehire the student as a temporary employee. The wages paid during this period are subject to FICA (Social Security and Medicare) taxes and California Voluntary Disability Insurance. Refer to Termination Process (PeopleSoft HRMS Job Aids) for more information.

Taxation of Student Awards

Award payments to U.S. citizens, permanent residents and residents for tax purposes are taxable to the recipient, but not reported by Stanford on a tax document. Stanford does not withhold tax from these payments. Recipients may need to make quarterly tax payments to the IRS and State of California using Form 1040-ES  at the IRS website and 540-ES at the State of California Franchise Tax Board website. A letter summarizing payments greater than $600 is mailed to the recipient each January for year-end tax reporting.

Scholarships and fellowships that qualify under Section 117 of the Internal Revenue Code are excludable from the recipient’s gross income. To qualify for the Section 117 exclusion:

• An award must be a qualified scholarship (the award is only applicable to tuition and mandatory fees).
• The recipient must be a candidate for a degree.
• The award must be for the purpose of studying or conducting research at an educational organization.

Refer to the IRS discussion of these exclusions . 

Award payments to nonresidents of the U.S. are subject to a 30% federal tax withholding and are reported on Tax Form 1042-S . Form 1042-S is mailed annually by March 15.

Federal Work Study

Students who are awarded Federal Work Study (FWS) funds may use these funds to seek employment at Stanford. For graduate students, FWS positions are sometimes structured in the form of a research or teaching assistantship with a corresponding tuition allowance.

FWS is funded primarily by the federal government with matching contributions from Stanford, and, for off-campus employment in Community Service, the hiring organization.

Upon the hiring of a work-study student, the department manager must complete the FWS Authorization Request to confirm the employment and to receive instructions on the Oracle Labor Distribution allocation for the student. The student is responsible for monitoring hour limits. Additional hours worked are funded by the hiring department. Refer to Financial Aid Federal Work Study for more information.

Since FWS jobs are structured in different ways by the various departments and schools, students should contact their academic department or school office for information about FWS opportunities. Undergraduate students interested in Community Service FWS should contact the Haas Center for Public Service . All students who wish to receive FWS funding must file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid . FWS awards are based on computed financial need and available funds. Additional information may be available from the Financial Aid Office .

SU-21 Fellowship/Award Form

The SU-21 Fellowship/Award Form  is used to request an award check  to be presented during a ceremony to a Stanford graduate student and for reimbursement for conference and training fees, travel expenses, and purchases of  computers, books and supplies for medical residents and clinical fellows (SHC or LPCH employees).

The SU-21 Form is also used to request fellowship payments (subsistence payments and travel grants) for visitors. Refer to How to: Request Subsistence Payment and Travel Grant for Visitors .

The SU-21 Form is not for use for payment for services, nor for fellowship payments to Stanford students.

Graduate Assistantships

Graduate student assistantships enable students to earn compensation for their research or teaching activities while continuing their academic and professional development. Graduate assistantships are controlled and/or administered by academic departments. The department administrators decide who receives these forms of financial support, and at what level a graduate student is supported. 

Assistantship salaries are set up by assigned administrative personnel within schools and departments, and paid through (Graduate Financial Support) GFS. Faculty who supervise graduate students on assistantships are assigned to approve quarterly payments for their students.

For GFS entry deadlines for each pay period, administrators can refer to Resource: Payroll Schedules and Deadlines . For policy guidelines, including pay scales and work-hour limitations, refer to the GFS Policy Manual .

Graduate students may opt to have tuition and fees deducted from their pay. Refer to Paying Tuition and Other Fees via Payroll Deduction on the Student Financial Services website for more information.

Graduate assistantships are paid on the following standard appointment periods:

• Autumn Quarter: Oct. 1 - Dec. 31
• Winter Quarter: Jan. 1 - March 31
• Spring Quarter: April 1 - June 30
• Summer Quarter: July 1 - Sept. 30

Graduate Financial Aid

Graduate financial aid is administered by Stanford University’s Financial Aid Office, the Schools of Medicine Financial Aid Office, the Law School Financial Aid Office and the Graduate School of Business Financial Aid Office. Refer to the Financial Aid Offices for links to specific aid offices.

Federal and non-federal student loans are available to graduate students enrolled at least half-time in a degree program. Student loans are administered by the various Financial Aid Offices on campus. To apply for federal student loans, students need to file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid . Students should contact their Financial Aid Office for information and application instructions.

Emergency Grant-in-Aid Funds

Emergency Grant-in-Aid Funds assist graduate students who experience a financial emergency or an unanticipated expense (e.g., medical, dental or legal), causing financial hardship. This program is designed to assist those who cannot reasonably resolve their financial difficulty through fellowships or loans. For more detailed information and the application procedures, refer to the Emergency Grant-In-Aid (PDF) instructions and application form .

Graduate Fellowships

Graduate fellowships from Stanford-based funds generally are controlled by the school and administered by the university department. The department administrators determine the requirements and restrictions for fellowships, as well as the level of support given, ranging from funds to cover partial tuition to full tuition and a living stipend.

Processing Fellowship Support in GFS

Fellowship tuition and stipend payments are entered in the GFS by department personnel and are processed by the Student Financial Services Department. Fellowship tuition support is credited against tuition charges on the student’s university bill. Stipends are not paid in cash, nor are they convertible to cash. The default for disbursement of stipends is “standard charges,” i.e., after other university charges, such as room and board, have been deducted, the remaining fellowship stipend is paid as a refund check to the student. If students prefer to receive the fellowship check for the entire amount and pay the other charges with personal funds, the students must request their home department to issue the stipend as a "check only - no deductions" (use "Stipend" charge priority). Refer to the Graduate Financial Support Policy Manual  for more information on Fellowships.

Credit Balances

Credit balances on student accounts may result from aid awards that exceed charges and/or aid awards intended to be disbursed entirely to the student (not for the payment of tuition or fee charges). Some student aid has restrictions placed on it by the donor or sponsor that preclude the aid from paying specific types of charges. Therefore, students may receive credit balance checks that include excess aid and/or stipend. Also, students who have unpaid charges on their account that aid is not eligible to pay, may receive a credit balance check from their student account. To prevent this, refer to the Financial Aid and Student Permissions section on the University Bill Payment Methods .

Refund/Stipend Checks

Refund/ Stipend checks distributed from student accounts are sent via Direct Deposit . Students are strongly encouraged to use Direct Deposit, because it is the fastest way for students to receive their funds, and it ensures receipt of funds regardless of address changes.

For students who are not enrolled in Direct Deposit, live checks are mailed by the Student Financial Services Office directly to the mailing address on file in Axess . Live checks are mailed on the next business day after they are printed. 

Students may review refund/stipend disbursement data in Axess by selecting View Refund Stipend Check  the Finances drop-down menu in the Student tab.

Leaves of Absence After Fellowships Are Paid

If students withdraw during a quarter, the department/school administrators determine whether a prorated amount of stipend must be repaid. To have the charges reduced, and thus be able to recapture any non-applicable tuition from the fellowship, students should file a request for a Leave of Absence as soon as they know it will be needed.

External Fellowships Paid Directly to Students

In some cases, an external agency may award a fellowship directly to students, and the funding is not processed in any way through Stanford. In this case, the students are billed for tuition and fees in the same manner as other students, and they pay those expenses directly. The students’ home department should enter this support in GFS as “Info Only” to allow coordination of all aid the students may receive.

Graduate students with a fellowship award paid directly to them may be eligible for a Cardinal Care health insurance subsidy. Entering an “Info Only” aid line in GFS will trigger the subsidy, if appropriate.

Department administrators should keep a copy of appropriate documentation defining such fellowship awards before making an “Info Only” entry in GFS.

See the Graduate Financial Support Policy Manual  for more information on Fellowships.

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OSU Portfolio | Faculty and Staff Resources

About the osu portfolio, how faculty and staff can use it, resources and guides, reflection prompts, meaningful reflection guide, learning outcomes matrix, contact faculty and staff can reach out to the following contacts for questions regarding the ideal graduate competencies, osu portfolio, and integrating reflections into curricular and co-curricular experiences., faculty and curricular support, dr. sam emerson.

Ideal Graduate Faculty Fellow

417 Human Sciences

405-744-2303

[email protected]

Staff and Co-curricular Support

Taylor harbuck.

Assistant Director of Student Experience

342 Student Union

405-744-9059

[email protected]

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Best graduate student loans for fall 2024

By Aly Yale

Edited By Angelica Leicht

Updated on: August 2, 2024 / 3:12 PM EDT / CBS News

Depending on what field you're planning to go into, graduate school might be a necessity. But even if it's not, you may still want an advanced degree to improve your earning or employment prospects.

It's an effective strategy . After all, having a master's degree or higher offers earnings about 20% higher than those with only a bachelor's degree, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.

Unfortunately, those advanced degrees don't come for free. The average cost of graduate school is just under $20,000 per year, the latest data shows — and that's for in-state tuition only. While federal student loans and aid can often help cover some of these costs, it may not be enough. If that's the case for you, private student loans can be an option to fill in the gaps. 

Start comparing the top student loan rates available to you here .

Here are the best private graduate student loans to consider: 

Best overall: College Ave

When it comes to private student loans for graduate school, College Ave is tops overall. The lender offers general graduate school loans as well as loans specifically for graduate students in dental, MBA, medical and law programs. Its interest rates are among the lowest we looked at and come in both fixed and variable options.

There are also four repayment plans to choose from, including a flat $25 payment during school. Loan terms range from five to 15 years. 

Learn more about your College Ave student loan options here .

Best for low rates: Sallie Mae

Sallie Mae offers low interest rates on both fixed-rate and variable-rate graduate loans. Fixed interest rates range from 3.99% to 14.48%, while variable rates range from 5.37% to 14.97% (including an autopay discount). 

There are zero origination fees tied to these loans, and you can get up to 48 months of payment deferment while doing an internship or fellowship. There's also a six-month grace period upon graduation with this lender.

Find out how affordable your student loans could be with Sallie Mae .

Best for no fees: Earnest

If you want to avoid fees when getting your graduate student loan, look to Earnest, which charges no origination, disbursement or late payment fees. You can also skip a payment once a year without penalty, and there are four repayment options to choose from. 

Another standout: Earnest offers a rare nine-month grace period after graduation vs. the six-month option offered by most lenders.

Check your private student loan options with Earnest today .

Best for borrowers with a cosigner: Ascent Funding

If you can find a creditworthy cosigner, you may to look to Ascent Funding for your graduate school loans. The lender offers some of the lowest rates around for cosigned loans, with fixed APRs starting at just 3.79%. Be aware, though, that its non-cosigned loans have APRs much higher (ranging from 8.65% to nearly 15%). 

There are also graduate loans for a number of programs, including MBA, medical school, dental school, law school, PhD programs, master's programs and health professions, and the maximum loan amounts can be as high as up to $400,000.

Start comparing your loan options from Ascent Funding now .

Best for students with bad credit: SoFi

If you don't have great credit, you may want to look to SoFi. Not only does the lender offer a number of cosigner options you can use to qualify , but as a member, you can also check your credit score and get access to financial advisor and career services, too. There are opportunities to earn cash for good grades as well, and there are several options for rate discounts.

Loans are available for graduation programs and certificates, and the minimum loan amount is just $5,000.

See what rate you could get with SoFi here .

Best for students with good credit: LendKey

If you've got good credit and are willing to set up autopay, you can get a rate as low as 3.99% with LendKey (or as low as 6% on variable-rate loans). The marketplace boasts a variety of loan options from credit unions nationwide and streamlines the application process on its digital platform. You can also refinance student loans through LendKey.

The bottom line

When getting any sort of loan — education or otherwise — make sure to shop around for your lender. Rates, fees, and loan offerings can vary widely between companies, so comparing several options can help ensure you get the best deal.

If you need help deciding what private student loan or lender to go with, reach out to a financial professional. They can point you toward the right options for your goals.

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• Student Loans

FAFSA Income Limits 2024: Are You Eligible For Student Aid?

Updated: Jan 30, 2024, 1:34pm

Filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is the first step in qualifying for financial aid like grants and loans. However, many students still skip it.

According to the National College Attainment Network (NCAN), the high school class of 2022 had a 58.6% FAFSA completion rate. The NCAN estimates that students miss out on about $3.6 billion in Pell Grant funding by not completing the FAFSA.

Students often skip filling out the FAFSA because they think their families make too much money to qualify for aid. However, there are no FAFSA income limits, so you can submit it—and potentially get valuable financial aid—regardless of your family’s earnings.

What Are the FAFSA Income Limits for 2024?

Both students and their parents often think their household income makes them ineligible for financial aid . However, there’s no income limit for the FAFSA , and the U.S. Department of Education does not have an income cap for federal financial aid.

These are the basic requirements you must meet to qualify for aid:

• Be a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen
• Have a valid Social Security number (students from the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia or the Republic of Palau are exempt from this requirement)
• Be enrolled or accepted into an eligible degree or certificate program
• Complete a high school diploma or its equivalent, such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate or an approved homeschooling program

How Your Financial Aid Is Calculated

After submitting your FAFSA, the government sends you an email with your Student Aid Report (SAR). This is a summary of the information you provided on the FAFSA, and it also includes your Expected Family Contribution (EFC).

Your EFC isn’t how much you have to pay; it’s an index that schools use to evaluate your aid eligibility. It determines how much of the school’s total cost of attendance is covered by grants and other need-based aid. The smaller your EFC, the more financial aid you are eligible to receive.

However, many families find the EFC confusing, so the government replaced the EFC with the Student Aid Index (SAI) for the 2024-25 award year and moving forward.

The SAI is similar to the EFC and uses financial information from your FAFSA to determine aid eligibility. Having an SAI below zero qualifies you for the full Pell Grant. If you don’t qualify for the full grant amount, your grant award may depend on how your family size and income compare to poverty guidelines.

The new SAI methodology is designed to expand aid to low-income students. It also allows financial aid professionals to make aid adjustments due to extenuating circumstances, such as a drop in income due to a death in the family.

Some FAFSA Aid Is Based on Income

While there are no FAFSA income limits, some federal financial aid is distributed only to low-income students, including the following:

Pell Grants

The Pell Grant is a federal grant worth up to $7,395 for the 2023-24 school year. The amount available for the 2024-25 school year has not yet been announced.

Pell Grant income limits don’t exist. However, Pell Grants are solely for students with exceptional financial need. Your need is determined by your EFC for award year 2023-24 or SAI for award year 2024-25.

Direct Subsidized Loans

Subsidized loans are only available to undergraduate students with significant financial need. With federal direct subsidized loans , the major advantage is that the government covers accrued interest while you’re in school, during your loan’s grace period and during any eligible deferments.

Some financial aid distributed by states is based on income. You can find financial aid opportunities by contacting your state education agency . States that offer need-based grants include:

• New Jersey. Through the New Jersey Tuition Aid Grant program, students can receive an award that covers a portion of the tuition at an eligible school in the state.
• Washington. The Washington College Grant covers some or all of the tuition costs at approved in-state colleges or training programs for low- and middle-income students.

Institutional Aid

Colleges often provide their own need-based grants, and they use the information you submit on your FAFSA to determine your eligibility. For example:

• Penn State University: The Penn State Academic Grant is a need-based award for undergraduate students who are enrolled full-time.
• Colorado State University: The university has several need-based financial aid opportunities, such as the CSU Ram Grant. It provides up to $6,900 for Colorado residents enrolled in an undergraduate program to help with tuition and other expenses.

Students with financial need—as determined by the FAFSA—may be eligible for federal or state work-study programs . Through these programs, students get part-time jobs and use their earnings to pay for some of their education-related expenses.

Other Forms of Financial Aid

If you don’t qualify for need-based aid, other financial aid options are available to all students regardless of financial standing, such as:

• Scholarships. Typically, scholarships are awarded based on your achievements rather than your financial needs. You may be eligible for scholarships from your college, state, nonprofit organizations or corporations.
• Unsubsidized loans. Federal direct unsubsidized loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students who need additional funding for college, and there’s no financial need requirement. However, you’re responsible for paying interest on these loans at all periods, including while attending school and during periods of deferment.
• PLUS loans. Parent and grad PLUS loans allow you to borrow up to the total cost of attendance, and there’s no income limit to qualify. PLUS loans are another type of unsubsidized loan.

When it comes to the FAFSA, it’s wise to fill it out as early as possible—even if you think your family makes too much money. The FAFSA takes into account many factors, including your family size and the schools you wish to attend, so you may be surprised by how much financial aid you can receive.

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For the past seven years, Kat has been helping people make the best financial decisions for their unique situations, whether they're looking for the right insurance policies or trying to pay down debt. Kat has expertise in insurance and student loans, and she holds certifications in student loan and financial education counseling.

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Student Services Fee 418.00 418.00 418.00 1,254.00 Tuition 4,254.00 4,254.00 4,254.00 12,762.00 Assoc. Grad Students Fee 9.00 9.00 9.00 27.00 Student Center Fee 150.45 150.45 150.44 451.34 Bren Events Center Fee 23.00 23.00 23.00 69.00 Recreation Center Fee 88.00 88.00 88.00 264.00 Document Fee † 80.00 0.00 0.00 80.00 Student Health Insurance ‡ 2,280.80 2,280.80 2,280.80 6,842.40 $ 7,223.25 $ 7,223.25 $ 7,223.24 $ 21,669.74   Nonresident Supplemental Tuition 5,034.00 5,034.00 5,034.00 15,102.00 $ 12,257.25 $ 12,257.25 $ 12,257.24 $ 36,771.74   UC Graduate and Professional Council Fee ** 3.00 2.00 2.00 7.00 * The U.S. Department of Defense Tuition Assistance (TA) Program requires that participating institutions charge tuition to TA recipients on a per-unit basis rather than as a flat amount per term. UCI Graduate 2023-2024 Tuition Rate: Per year tuition cost ($12,264.00) X number of years to complete program (3) = $36,792.00 / total number of quarter hours to complete program (108) = $340.67 cost per unit. † The Document Fee only applies to new students and is not calculated in total amounts. ‡ Incoming graduate students enrolled in the Summer Prime LC program starting on 6/17/24 will pay a prorated GSHIP premium of $1,481.78 for coverage from 6/17/24 through 9/22/24 in addition to the fall premium of $2,280.80. Incoming Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) students attending Summer 2024 (enrolling in June 2024) will pay a prorated summer GSHIP premium of $1,481.78 for coverage from 6/17/24 through 9/22/24 in addition to the fall premium of $2,280.80. ** The UC Graduate and Professional Council fee is a non-mandatory fee that graduate students are assessed during the fall, winter and spring terms to support the systemwide UC Student Association. Students may elect to opt-out and once the opt-out is elected students will not be charged the fee unless they change their election for a later term. --> --> [email protected] tel: (949) 824-6124 fax: (949) 824-7896 215 Aldrich Hall Irvine, CA 92697-4975 hours: Monday–Friday, 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Privacy Notice | © UC Regents News Center Transfer and graduate students represent a large portion of Tech's new student population. They are a great addition to campus and bring a unique perspective to the community. With the start of a new academic year, it is important to remember that even though these students have past college experience, they may be nervous about their first year on campus. Fortunately, students at Tech are happy to share their wisdom, and listening to their recommendations will make the first year as a transfer or graduate student a breeze. Welcome, new Yellow Jackets! Incoming graduate and transfer students may not have as extensive an orientation as first-year students, but there are still several events for them at the beginning of the semester. For graduate students,  Orientation and GradExpo  help new students transition to life on campus. Orientation sessions are approximately one hour and take place both in person and online in August. GradExpo will be held on Aug. 15 from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the Exhibition Hall. Graduate students will also be welcomed to campus as Graduate Student Welcome and Fall Picnic returns on Friday, Aug. 23. Connect with peers, enjoy free food and games, and learn Tech traditions. For transfer students, consider GT 2000 , a one-hour seminar course similar to what's designed for first-year students. Take a look at other transfer student resources . A few other bits of advice: Connect with other students. Graduate students may find it difficult to identify and schedule time for extracurricular activities, but many campus organizations are open and welcoming to them. Student groups set up tables early in the semester to recruit new members, so keep an eye out for tables, flyers, emails, and events. Graduate students can also use  Tech’s Engage page  for more information about active campus organizations. The Office of Graduate Education also organizes GT6000 , a small-group, peer-led, extended-orientation program for first-semester graduate students. Transfer students can search Tech's hundreds of student groups on Engage with their Georgia Tech login. The Transfer Student Association may be a great place to start. Don't let the workload overwhelm you. Georgia Tech can be intense, but the benefits of being a Tech graduate are extensive. It’s important, though, to make time for yourself. Fortunately, Atlanta is a vibrant city that provides plenty of places for students to explore off-campus. From museums and live performances to hiking trails and outdoor adventures, there’s something for everyone. Find time to step back, take your mind off your studies, and return to your work rejuvenated. Seek help through academic coaching or tutoring if you aren't doing as well as you'd like. Professors and teaching assistants are also excellent sources of support. Reach out to students ahead of you in your major. The Transfer Student Association offers this connection in the form of a mentor-mentee program. You can also find out who your advisor is here . Prioritize your health. Graduate students are usually comfortable cooking meals for themselves, but a busy schedule often means less time in the kitchen. It may be difficult to cook three meals every day, so luckily there are plenty of ways to make sure you’re meeting your nutritional needs on campus. Many graduate students don’t use dining halls as frequently, so a full meal plan may not be necessary. But there are benefits to using Dining Dollars, which can be used at all dining halls and Georgia Tech Dining Services on-campus locations. When students deposit $400 or more into Dining Dollars, they get a 10% bonus, giving them a discount on food over time. Dining Dollars can be loaded onto your BuzzCard at mealplan.gatech.edu . For more information on meal plans and dining locations, visit the Georgia Tech Dining Services website. Remember that as a student you also have access to the Campus Recreation Center , and you can purchase a semester-long pass for group fitness classes . Group fitness classes are free Aug. 19 – 24. Know that you belong. From assisting with communication skills to health-related issues, Georgia Tech offers many resources to help students through their studies and careers. Learn more here . Transfer and graduate students may also want to take a look at first-year survival tips , as many of those resources will be beneficial to those new to campus regardless of age. LOCATIONS TO NOTE 1. Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons The Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons includes lecture halls, labs, and desks and tables for studying; Kaldi's Coffee; and multiple printing locations. 2. Price Gilbert Library and Crosland Tower Both Library buildings offer computers for student use, desks and tables for studying, and printing locations.  3. Dining Options Dining halls include North Avenue and West Village. In Tech Square, there is more: Subway, Ray’s New York Pizza, Moe's, Tin Drum, Waffle House, and Gyro Bros. The John Lewis Student Center and Pavilions also have dining options, including Chick-fil-A, Blue Donkey Coffee, Jimmy John's, and Dunkin'. 4. John Lewis Student Center The Student Center contains the Georgia Tech Post Office, ATMs, dining options, a computer lab, Tech Rec, Paper & Clay, and Under the Couch.  5. Residence Halls 6. Campus Recreation Center The Campus Recreation Center contains hundreds of types of exercise equipment, a 50-meter competition pool, a running track, a rock climbing wall, Freshens Smoothies, indoor racquetball courts, and outdoor fields, and offers G.I.T. FIT classes. 7. Football Stadium, Basketball, Tennis, Baseball, Softball 8. Greek Houses 9. Stamps Health Services Stamps Health Services is located in the Joseph B. Whitehead Building (Student Health Center), next to the CRC, and provides healthcare and health education to students. The services include primary care, pharmacy, women’s health, psychiatry, immunization and allergy, health promotion, sports medicine, and nutrition. 10. Barnes & Noble at Georgia Tech The Barnes & Noble in Tech Square serves as Georgia Tech’s bookstore and includes the BuzzCard Center, textbooks and supplies, Starbucks, and a few desks and tables for studying. More Resources Tips for Success for First-Year Students Graduate Education Student Life New Student and Transition Programs Stamps Health Services Engage at Georgia Tech Portal Georgia Tech News Campus Calendar 442 IMAGES How much does a PhD student earn? Comparing a PhD Stipend to Grad PhD student salary What Is The Average Salary For A Phd Student Comparison of Salary of PhD Students in Europe How much does a PhD student earn? Comparing a PhD Stipend to Grad How are PhD students meant to survive on two-thirds of the minimum wage COMMENTS 20 of the Highest Paying PhD Degrees (Plus Salaries) Related: 9 Careers After a PhD in Biology (With Salaries) 3. Environmental science National average salary: $87,560 per year A Ph.D. in environmental science involves studying the natural environment and conducting research about environmental issues like climate change. Ph.D. students may study the challenges affecting humans, animals, plant ... Salary: Phd Student in United States 2024 Updated Jun 6, 2024. The estimated total pay for a Phd Student is $137,027 per year, with an average salary of $91,387 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The estimated additional pay is $45,639 per year. How PhD Students Get Paid Most PhD programs expect students to study full-time. In exchange, they're usually offered a stipend — a fixed sum of money paid as a salary — to cover the cost of housing and other living expenses. How much you get as a stipend depends on your university, but a range for the average PhD stipend is usually between $20,000 - $30,000 per year. PhD, Professor, and Postdoc Salaries in the United States PhD students earn between $15,000 and $30,000 a year depending on their institution, field of study, and location. This stipend can be tax-free (if it is a fellowship award) or taxable (if it is a salary e.g from a teaching position). American PhD students are usually only paid for nine months of the year but many programs offer summer funding ... PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor's degree, $2.3 million; with a master's degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for ... How To Pay For A Ph.D. If you attend school part-time, it can take even longer. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), tuition and fees cost, on average, $20,513 for the 2021-2022 academic ... Compensation and Student Employee Benefits Students on Appointment. Minimum compensation rates for PhD students on appointment in the 2024-2025 Academic Year are currently: $48,080 for those on 12-month appointments. $42,425 for those on 9-month appointments (total compensation includes a $36,060 nine-month compensation plus a $6,365 summer stipend in June 2025). Annual Increases. Doctorate (PhD) Salary Doctorate (PhD) - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States Salary: Phd Graduate Student in United States 2024 The estimated total pay for a Phd Graduate Student is $81,081 per year, with an average salary of $69,410 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The estimated additional pay is $11,671 per year. Salary: Phd in United States 2024 Updated Jun 6, 2024. The estimated total pay for a Phd is $137,829 per year, with an average salary of $102,760 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The estimated additional pay is $35,069 per year. Salary Scales and Information Graduate Student Researcher - SP 1: 3282: $64,990: $5,415.83: N/A: Graduate Student Researcher - SP 2: 3282: $70,027: $5,835.58: N/A: Graduate Student Researcher - SP 3: 3282: $75,454: $6,287.83: N/A: Graduate Student Researcher - SP 4: ... There are six salary points in the Graduate Student Researcher title. The GSR is a part of a bargaining ... Do PhD Students Get Paid? Phd Stipend, Salary, Research Grants PhD Stipend & Salary. PhD stipends are a form of financial support, not a salary. They are primarily designed to cover living expenses, allowing students to focus on their dissertation without the need for a part-time job. It may not make sense to consider these stipend as a fully salary. PhD programs often provide stipends through teaching or ... PhD student salary A PhD student salary ranges from US$17,000 a year (New Zealand) all the way up to US$104,000 a year (Austria). The amount you need depends significantly on the living costs of a particular country. Places like the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark and Sweden have the highest living cost ratio. Generally speaking, you can expect to receive a modest ... 10 Highest-Paying Ph.D. Degrees Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $135,740; Job Outlook (2022-2032): 8%; While students who want to practice law pursue a juris doctor (JD), aspiring scholars and teachers pivot to a Ph.D. in law. Students in these programs prepare for leadership roles in academia, the business arena, and other fields. Phd Student Salary The salaries of Phd Students in The US range from $18,147 to $459,921 with a median salary of $80,110. Most of Phd Student make between $60,750 to $81,010. How much tax will you have to pay as a Phd Student . For an individual filer in this tax bracket, you would have an estimated average federal tax in 2019 of 22%. ... Salary and stipend rates The salary or stipend is only part of the financial picture for supporting graduate students. Depending on award or appointment type, there are different costs to MIT and/or external sponsors. In all cases, MIT pays a substantial fraction of the tuition for students with research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and fellowships. MIT ... How Much Do Graduate Students Get Paid? After exhausting free aid and your stipend or salary, you may have to turn to graduate student loans to close any additional gaps in funding. For the 2020-2021 academic year, the average grad ... How Much Does a Psychology PhD Make? (Average Salaries) How much does a psychology Ph.D. make? The national average salary for a psychologist is $98,697 per year. This number represents a median salary across types of psychology, which means that it can vary greatly depending on field or specialty. A psychology Ph.D.'s salary can also vary based on the industry they pursue. Comparison of Salary of PhD Students in Europe The average salary for a PhD student in Europe varies depending on the country as well as the university. The highest average salary was found in Denmark with €49,802 per year and the lowest was found in Ireland with €16,000 per year. PhD Salary UK: How Much Do PhD Students Get Paid Compared to Graduates? PhD Student Salary: An enterprising student maxing out the tax-free allowance could earn £12,570 a year and pay no national insurance either, leaving additional take-home pay of £12,570. With a PhD stipend of £17,062 the student would in total earn £32,192 for the year. They'd keep 100% of those extra earnings. Doctoral Students' Salary ‒ Doctorate ‐ EPFL The basic starting salary of an EPFL doctoral assistant is CHF 54'550.- gross per annum (valid from 01.01.2024). The full salary scale is available here. A registration fee (at the beginning of your studies), and a doctoral tax (at the completion of your studies) are charged (see Ordonnance sur les taxes and the webpage « Doctoral Studies »). What is forbearance? Why student loan borrowers woke up to notice SAVE also paved the way for student loan forgiveness. Borrows who paid on undergraduate loans for 20 years and/or graduate loans for 25 years could have whatever was still owed on the loan after ... Paying Students (Graduate and Undergraduate) Faculty members often supervise student employees on hourly-paid jobs and graduate students on assistantships and fellowships. Administrators within the departments are responsible for setting up employee records and pay instructions with Payroll, and assisting faculty with their supervisory tasks, such as approving rates of pay and, in the case of hourly employees, approving hours worked. Faculty and Staff Resources The use of the portfolio will indicate a student's successful engagement with activities and will support students in effectively articulating the value of their experiences. Further, the OSU Portfolio can be used in internship and job searches to showcase evidence of students' skills and abilities to potential employers. Doctorate (PhD), Education Salary Doctorate (PhD), Education - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States Best graduate student loans for fall 2024 There are also graduate loans for a number of programs, including MBA, medical school, dental school, law school, PhD programs, master's programs and health professions, and the maximum loan ... FAFSA Income Limits 2024: Are You Eligible For Student Aid? However, many students still skip it. According to the National College Attainment Network (NCAN), the high school class of 2022 had a 58.6% FAFSA completion r Select Region UCI University † The Document Fee only applies to new students and is not calculated in total amounts. ‡ Incoming graduate students enrolled in the Summer Prime LC program starting on 6/17/24 will pay a prorated GSHIP premium of $1,481.78 for coverage from 6/17/24 through 9/22/24 in addition to the fall premium of $2,280.80. Tips for Graduate and Transfer Students The Office of Graduate Education also organizes GT6000, a small-group, peer-led, extended-orientation program for first-semester graduate students. Transfer students can search Tech's hundreds of student groups on Engage with their Georgia Tech login. The Transfer Student Association may be a great place to start. Salary: Phd Student In Economics in United States 2024 The estimated total pay for a PhD Student In Economics is $132,956 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $105,130 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. assignment essay homework paper phd report resume review thesis