research paper topics on vlsi

VLSI-SoC: Design Trends

28th IFIP WG 10.5/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI-SoC 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, October 6–9, 2020, Revised and Extended Selected Papers

• Conference proceedings
• © 2021
• Andrea Calimera   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-3811 0 ,
• Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-3999 1 ,
• Kunal Korgaonkar   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-2944 2 ,
• Shahar Kvatinsky   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-7271 3 ,
• Ricardo Reis   ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-5858 4

Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

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University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA

Technion – israel institute of technology, haifa, israel, universidade federal do rio grande do sul, porto alegre, brazil.

Part of the book series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIPAICT, volume 621)

Included in the following conference series:

• VLSI-SoC: IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration - System on a Chip

Conference proceedings info: VLSI-SoC 2020.

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About this book

The 16 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from the 38 papers (out of 74 submissions) presented at the conference. The papers discuss the latest academic and industrial results and developments as well as future trends in the field of System-on-Chip (SoC) design, considering the challenges of nano-scale, state-of-the-art and emerging manufacturing technologies. In particular they address cutting-edge research fields like low-power design of RF, analog and mixed-signal circuits, EDA tools for the synthesis and verification of heterogenous SoCs, accelerators for cryptography and deep learning and on-chip Interconnection system, reliability and testing, and integration of 3D-ICs.

*The conference was held virtually.

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• artificial intelligence
• communication systems
• computer hardware
• computer-aided design
• distributed computer systems
• distributed systems
• embedded systems
• field programmable gate array
• integrated circuits
• microprocessor chips
• network protocols
• parallel processing systems
• signal processing
• telecommunication systems
• vlsi circuits

Table of contents (16 papers)

Front matter, low-power high-speed adcs for adc-based wireline receivers in 22 nm fdsoi.

• David Cordova, Wim Cops, Yann Deval, François Rivet, Herve Lapuyade, Nicolas Nodenot et al.

Mixed-Mode Signal Processing for Implementing MCMC MIMO Detector

• Amin Aghighi, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Armin Tajalli

Low Power Current-Mode Relaxation Oscillators for Temperature and Supply Voltage Monitoring

• Shanshan Dai, Caleb R. Tulloss, Xiaoyu Lian, Kangping Hu, Sherief Reda, Jacob K. Rosenstein

Fully-Autonomous SoC Synthesis Using Customizable Cell-Based Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Generation

• Tutu Ajayi, Sumanth Kamineni, Morteza Fayazi, Yaswanth K. Cherivirala, Kyumin Kwon, Shourya Gupta et al.

Assessing the Configuration Space of the Open Source NVDLA Deep Learning Accelerator on a Mainstream MPSoC Platform

• Alessandro Veronesi, Davide Bertozzi, Milos Krstic

SAT-Based Mapping of Data-Flow Graphs onto Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays

• Yukio Miyasaka, Masahiro Fujita, Alan Mishchenko, John Wawrzynek

Learning Based Timing Closure on Relative Timed Design

• Tannu Sharma, Sumanth Kolluru, Kenneth S. Stevens

Multilevel Signaling for High-Speed Chiplet-to-Chiplet Communication

• Rakshith Saligram, Ankit Kaul, Muhannad S. Bakir, Arijit Raychowdhury

From Informal Specifications to an ABV Framework for Industrial Firmware Verification

• Samuele Germiniani, Moreno Bragaglio, Graziano Pravadelli

Modular Functional Testing: Targeting the Small Embedded Memories in GPUs

• Josie Esteban Rodriguez Condia, Matteo Sonza Reorda

RAT: A Lightweight Architecture Independent System-Level Soft Error Mitigation Technique

• Jonas Gava, Ricardo Reis, Luciano Ost

SANSCrypt: Sporadic-Authentication-Based Sequential Logic Encryption

• Yinghua Hu, Kaixin Yang, Shahin Nazarian, Pierluigi Nuzzo

3D Nanofabric : Layout Challenges and Solutions for Ultra-scaled Logic Designs

• Edouard Giacomin, Juergen Boemmels, Julien Ryckaert, Francky Catthoor, Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon

3D Logic Cells Design and Results Based on Vertical NWFET Technology Including Tied Compact Model

• Arnaud Poittevin, Chhandak Mukherjee, Ian O’Connor, Cristell Maneux, Guilhem Larrieu, Marina Deng et al.

Statistical Array Allocation and Partitioning for Compute In-Memory Fabrics

• Brian Crafton, Samuel Spetalnick, Gauthaman Murali, Tushar Krishna, Sung-Kyu Lim, Arijit Raychowdhury

abstractPIM: A Technology Backward-Compatible Compilation Flow for Processing-In-Memory

• Adi Eliahu, Rotem Ben-Hur, Ronny Ronen, Shahar Kvatinsky

Back Matter

Other volumes, editors and affiliations.

Andrea Calimera

Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon

Kunal Korgaonkar, Shahar Kvatinsky

Ricardo Reis

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : VLSI-SoC: Design Trends

Book Subtitle : 28th IFIP WG 10.5/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, VLSI-SoC 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, October 6–9, 2020, Revised and Extended Selected Papers

Editors : Andrea Calimera, Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon, Kunal Korgaonkar, Shahar Kvatinsky, Ricardo Reis

Series Title : IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81641-4

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Computer Science , Computer Science (R0)

Copyright Information : IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-81640-7 Published: 15 July 2021

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-81643-8 Published: 15 July 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-81641-4 Published: 14 July 2021

Series ISSN : 1868-4238

Series E-ISSN : 1868-422X

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XVIII, 364

Number of Illustrations : 70 b/w illustrations, 139 illustrations in colour

Topics : Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks , Control Structures and Microprogramming , Input/Output and Data Communications , Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet)

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The Journal of VLSI Circuits and Systems (ISSN - 2582-1458) aims to serve as a leading platform for the dissemination of original research, review articles, and case studies related to the design, implementation, and application of Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits and systems. The journal seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical advances and practical implementations, providing a forum for the exchange of knowledge among academia, industry, and research institutions.

The Journal of VLSI Circuits and Systems focuses on:

• VLSI Circuit Design : Includes digital, analog, and RF circuit innovations.
• System-Level Design and Integration : Covers SoCs, ASICs, and FPGAs.
• Design Automation and Tools : Emphasizes EDA tools, design verification, testing, and low-power design techniques.
• Fabrication and Process Technologies : Explores semiconductor processes, emerging technologies like FinFET and 3D integration, and reliability.
• Performance Analysis and Optimization : Involves timing analysis, thermal management, and performance metrics.
• Applications and Case Studies : Applies VLSI design to consumer electronics, automotive, industrial, healthcare, and biomedical fields.

The journal targets academic researchers, VLSI designers, industry professionals, and students, aiming to advance VLSI circuit and system design through high-quality research.

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Development of synthesizable filter-centric loop filter design for adpll architecture in soc, development of low power gnss correlator in zynq soc for gps and glonss, roba multiplier-driven fir filter synthesis: uniting efficiency and speed for enhanced digital signal processing, a novel machine learning model for early detection of advanced persistent threats utilizing semi-synthetic network traffic data, low power system on chip implementation of adaptive intra frame and hierarchical motion estimation in h.265.

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Latest Research topics in vlsi design

Latest research topics in vlsi design.

If we narrow down our discussion to research in areas like electronics, electrical, computer science, artificial intelligence , wireless communication and related fields, which are the base of everything in this high-tech world. In these fields researchers have developed applications (aided with technology) for every field ranging from biomedical to aerospace and construction, which were nowhere related to electronics or even current.

As the research fields we are talking about are providing base to the developing world and providing it with reliable technologies which are being used in real time, the work of researcher becomes more wide starting with an idea to the realization of the idea in the real world in form of application or product.

To make a reliable and working model the idea of the VLSI design project ( i.e speech processing application, biomedical monitoring system etc) needs to be implemented and re-implemented, re-tested and improvised. The there are many development cycles and techniques available which eases up the implementation like:

• Behavioral simulation
• Software based model
• Hardware Implementation (ASIC)
• Programmable hardware (FPGA)
• Co-simulation

Behavioral simulation is used at initial phase and it is not appropriate for testing the real time behavior of the system in actual environment as it is more close to systems behavior in ideal environment.

We can simulate the actual environment by using different software models (more like software models of channels used to test communication systems) but its capabilities are also limited to human capability to model the environmental conditions in mathematical equations and models.

All of us are familiar with ASIC, their high performance and hardwired implementation. These are good for final implementation but not for intermediate stages of implementation and testing. Nothing is better than ASIC for real time testing of analog  VLSI  circuits. But for digital circuits and DSP applications we have a better option of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

The hardware co-simulation is a good idea to test and monitor systems in real time. To get more details about  PhD thesis  in VLSI you can do online research or contact us.

latest Low power research topics in vlsi design

The Research Support Centre provides expert advice and support across the whole Engineering and Technical research lifecycle, from discovery through exploitation of technical and translational research. The centre has two primary functions:

• i) to facilitate the delivery of the Engineering Sciences research strategy and to build partnerships andii) to bring together all the technical research management and support services for Students.

To achieve these goals the centre is made up of two inter-relating components. The Academic Research Support Centre consists of the Research Coordination Office, Platform Technologies team and a Translational Research Office. The Technical Research Support Centre is made up of the Joint Research Office.

The Research Support Centre encompasses a wide range of expertise and facilities. By coordinating these resources, we can provide researchers with a package of support that is integrated, high quality and streamlined – and clearly accountable.

Once a researcher has a proposal for high quality research that will benefit, they can access all the help and resources they need through one gateway. This includes support with the approval process and funding applications and help setting up technical trials.

VLSI PHD Projects

Our research interests cover low power processor architectures, low power circuit design techniques, analog and mixed signal circuit design, rapid prototyping of digital systems, reconfigurable processors, Digital arithmetic, advanced processor architectures, vlsi implementation of signal and image processing algorithms, testing verification, memory design, Embedded vlsi and asynchronous circuits.

Organization engaged with embedded commodity development and serving various business solutions such as

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Description for “Ph.d guidance with project assitance” Ph.d/ M.Phil PROJECT ASSISTANCE We look forward to welcoming you to one of our “Research and Development Division” for all Ph.D., Research scholars. We will arrange you the following details for completing your Ph.d Degree

• Any University Admission- We provides a step-to-step guide to completing the application form, and will help make the process as straight forward as possible.
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Delivering effective support on your Ph. D work:

Companies represents a simple and practical advice on the problems of getting started, getting organized with the working on Ph.D projects.

We make you understand the practicalities of surviving the ordeal. We just make you divide the huge task into less challenging pieces. The training includes a suggested structure and a guide to what should go in each section.

We afford complete support with real-time exposure in your Ph.D works in the field of VLSI. Our Mission drives us in the way of delivering applications as well as products with complete integrity, innovative & interesting ideas with 100% accuracy.

• Assistance in ALL Stages of your PhD Research in VLSI from Topic Selection to Thesis Submission.
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iii.        W-Edit

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Vlsi based projects like image processing projects, low power projects, matlab with vlsi projects , cryptography projects, OFDM projects, SDR projects, communication projects, zigbee projects, digital signal processing projects, and also protocol interfacing projects like uart ,i2c,spi projects.

Signal and Image processing projects can be simulated by using Modelsim 6.5b and synthesized by Xilinx 10.1 using Spartan IIIe fpga and by Quartus 11.1using altera de2 fpga. In image processing projects, the input image or video can be converted to coefficients using Matlab. Low power projects can be designed using Tanner, Microwind and spice tools.

We spotlights on imparting an overall exposure to the concept and design methodologies of all major aspects of vlsi engineering relevant to industry needs and ground-breaking thoughts with 100% pure accuracy.

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section " Circuit and Signal Processing ".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 28245

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Dear Colleagues,

The focus of this Special Issue is on the research challenges related to the design of emerging microelectronics and VLSI circuits and systems that meet the demanding specifications of innovative applications. This Special Issue considers challenges in the fields of low power consumption, small integration area, testing and security, without, however, being limited to them. Authors are encouraged to submit works related to emerging research topics and applications, such as hardware security, low-power IoT devices, high-performance processing cores, etc.

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• VLSI for AI and ML algorithms

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Formulating a Research Topic

by Evan Kramer

Motivation and scope

As master’s and PhD students, we all aspire to conduct quality research. The question many of us are faced with is: how do we formulate a research topic that is well poised for performing quality research? Research topics are meant to encompass the majority or entirety of our work during our graduate career and, when well-defined, can result in opportunities to publish several high-impact academic papers. The effort required to formulate a well-defined research topic is significant, but necessary to avoid running into unforeseen challenges during your PhD. This blog post discusses the concepts that should be considered for anyone looking to define their research topic. While students have varying degrees of autonomy in shaping their research due to funding constraints and advisor expectations, the concepts discussed in this blog post account for these facets and can serve as a framework for any situation.

Overview diagram of a framework for formulating a well-defined research topic.

What is quality research?

Quality research is independent , important , and unique .

This definition identifies a set of requirements that a research topic must meet. These requirements will be discussed in more detail to orient the research topic formulation process.

Independent – Independent research can be conducted entirely by you without assistance from outside sources. While you should actively seek collaborations with others to boost the reach of your work, will you be able to complete your research objectives without relying on resources provided by others? Framing your research topic and objectives in this manner gives you protection to flakey collaborators and will keep you on track to graduate on time. For example, something you may want to avoid is crafting a research topic around the usage of one particular data set maintained by a private company. While initial collaboration talks may go smoothly, you don’t want your ability to pursue your research project in the hands of someone else!

Important – Important research makes a contribution towards answering a specific question, or a gap in knowledge, among a research community that has been posed by several scholars. You may ask yourself: if you carry out your research to completion, will your contributions answer outstanding questions posed by multiple scholars in your research community? Note that the question your work addresses may not be explicitly posed in the literature, but identifying common limitations can help formulate a gap in knowledge that you can work towards filling. Aligning your research objectives with specific and commonly posed questions can increase the chance of your work being cited by other scholars and integrated into practices in industry. 

Unique – Unique research makes a first-of-its-kind contribution. There are several ways in which your research can be unique. For example, uniqueness may be assumed if you contribute the first work to a completely unanswered question in your field. Alternatively, you may make a unique contribution to a question that has already been addressed by approaching it in a new way. Knowledge of your chosen field’s state of the art and previous foundations is useful when checking the uniqueness of your work, which can only be verified by thorough literature review. Regardless of the way your research is unique, it is important to identify the uniqueness of your work within the context of existing work in related areas.

With these three research topic characteristics in mind, the following presents a high level path to formulating your well-defined research topic.

A framework for formulating a well-defined research topic

1. look inwards.

Based on previous experiences in coursework, internships, and extracurricular activities, create a two-column list. The first column lists research fields you found interesting. The second column lists ideas that align with your personal motivations for pursuing a career in STEM research. An example of this list may look like the following:

2. Read Widely

Given the two-column lists you created, start familiarizing yourself with the current state of the art. Starting with articles in popular science media outlets can be effective for initial cursory surveys. Any articles that pique your interest should be followed by deeper dives into related literature in Google Scholar. It is likely that several of the topics in the left column of your list get crossed off quickly when you realize they no longer interest you. Continue this process until a subset of around three areas remains. Your two-column list may then look like this:

Note that the right hand column remains unchanged. You very likely will not be able to address all of your personal motivations for pursuing STEM research in your eventual research topic, but now is when you can start connecting topics you find interesting to research applications that personally motivate you. 

3. Consider funding and lab focus areas

While the research topic definition process should be approached predominantly with your own interests in mind, at this stage, it is important to consider where your funding is coming from. Typically, there will be specific fields your research must overlap with based on your funding source. Schedule a discussion with your advisor to share your topic definition process so far and ask if there are topics you should add to your list based on research group and funding requirements. Based on this discussion, add a third column to the list you’ve created that describes the necessary areas of overlap for your research.

4. Continue reading and form a research statement

At this point you are trying to iterate on combinations identified in your three-column list. You can begin to formulate an overarching research statement from these combinations. Research statements generally have the form “To…by…while…”. This sentence structure explicitly identifies what you are trying to accomplish, how you will accomplish it, and which constraints you will account for. A possible research statement could be defined with one entry from each column, or you may be able to create a topic with multiple entries from each column. In this blog’s example list, a research statement could be the following:

To enable efficient natural disaster response for remote communities by developing an AI-powered rapid response scheduling algorithm for a remote sensing satellite while accounting for limitations to satellite operations imposed by the space environment .

5. Iterate and keep track of your work

You may create a few iterations of overarching research statements like this. As you continue to read focused areas in the literature, formulate a focus area Venn Diagram. By allocating articles in your literature search to portions of the diagram, you can stay organized and keep track of the work you’re doing. For the example statement above, your Venn Diagram could look like this:

Venn diagram of research topic focus areas. The most relevant literature review items can be added to each region of the diagram to track and organize your efforts.

At this point, you are well on your way to formalizing your research topic. The formalization step involves writing research questions, drafting objective statements, and identifying your research contributions. AeroAstro Communications Lab fellows can help you with these next steps through one-on-one appointments !

How to cite ChatGPT

Use discount code STYLEBLOG15 for 15% off APA Style print products with free shipping in the United States.

We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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