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Geography is the study of the planet Earth and the various life sustaining elements that are found on it. You will study about this subject in every class of your secondary school life as it is one of the most important subjects to know about the place you are living in.

In Class X - Contemporary India - you will learn about various kinds of resources that are found on our planet. These resources are also known as the natural resources as they exist naturally and humans are not responsible for their existence.

You will start your journey by learning about the forest and wildlife resources which will teach you about the flora and fauna of our planet. 

After forest, you will move to learning about Water which is one of the most important natural resources for the existence of life on the planet.

At last, you will learn about various minerals and other energy resources that are necessary for the operations of various industries and how these manufacturing industries act as the lifelines of our economy.

At Teachoo, you will find everything related to the subject which includes concepts , NCERT questions, previous year questions as well as extra questions that we like to call Teachoo questions , which are specially curated for you by our experts .

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Chapter 1 Class 10 Geography - Resources and Development

Chapter 2 class 10 geography - forest and wildlife resources, chapter 3 class 10 geography - water resources, chapter 4 class 10 geography - agriculture, chapter 5 class 10 geography - minerals and energy resources, chapter 6 class 10 geography - manufacturing industries, chapter 7 class 10 geography - lifelines of national economy.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Resource and Development Class 10 Notes Geography Chapter 1

January 22, 2024 by phani

Resource and Development Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 1 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 10 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given Resource and Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes.

Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science

Resource and Development Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 1

‘Resource’: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc.

Classification of Resources: (a) On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic. (b) On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable. (c) On the basis of ownership: Individual (Personal), Community, National and International. (d) On the basis of status and development: Potential, Developed, Reserve and Stock.

• Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere. They have life or are living resources, e.g., human beings, fisheries, forests, etc.
• Abiotic Resources include all non-living things, e.g., rocks and minerals.

Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, solar energy, wind energy, etc.

Non-renewable Resources: The resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil’ fuels, etc.

• Individual resources: Owned by individuals, e.g., own land, house;
• Community Owned Resources: Resources which are accessible to all the members of the community, e.g., parks, playground;
• National Resources: Resources which belong to the nation, e.g., roads, railways; and
• International resources: Resources which no individual country can utilize, e.g., oceanic waters beyond 200 km.
• Potential resources: Resources found in a region but not in use, e.g., solar energy in Rajasthan, wind in Gujarat;
• Stock: Resources available but do not have appropriate technology to access, e.g., lack of technical know how to use hydrogen and oxygen as source of energy; and
• Reserve: Subset of stock. Can be used for future needs, e.g., water in the dams, forest resources.

Sustainable development: Sustainable economic development means that ‘development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generation’.

Land under important relief features in India: Plains-43%, Mountains-30%, Plateaus-27%

Land Degradation: Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it.

Measures to solve problem of land degradation: Afforestation, proper management of grazing to control overgrazing planting of shelter belts of plants, stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes, control of mining activities, avoid over-irrigation and overuse of fertilizers and pesticides;

Soil erosion: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is soil erosion. Reasons for soil erosion include— (a) Human activities like deforestation, over grazing construction, mining defective method of fanning etc.; (b) Natural forces like wind, glacier and water flow.

Types of erosion: (a) Gully erosion. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as gullies. This makes the land bad land and in the Chambal basin such land is known as ravines; (b) Sheet erosion. When top soil over large area is washed away it is known as sheet erosion.

Methods to prevent soil erosion in hilly area: Ploughing along the contour lines-contour ploughing; terrace cultivation; strip farming and shelter belts.

Soils and its types:

• Alluvial soils: Entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil. Also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers. Fertile soil therefore, fit for agriculture purpose. Regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated. Rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
• Black soil: Black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. Found in the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh also along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys. Made up of extremely fine, i.e., clayey material. Well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. Rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
• Red and yellow soils: Found in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats. Develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
• Laterite soils: Develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam. Suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilizers. Low Humus content because decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature.
• Arid soils: Found in the western parts of Rajasthan. After proper irrigation these soils become cultivable. Lacks humus and moisture because dry climate, high temperature make evaporation faster. Salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water.
• Forest soils: Found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. Feature differs based on location. Loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. Sil in the lower parts of the valleys particularly on the river terraces and alluvial fans are fertile.

More Resources for CBSE Class 10

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• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of IT
• RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions

We hope the given Resource and Development Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 1 SST Pdf free download will help you. If you have any query regarding Resource and Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Notes, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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NCERT Books

NCERT Geography Book Class 10 PDF Download [2020 -21 Edition Revised Syllabus]

NCERT Class 10 Geography Books : The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Geography textbooks for Class 10. The NCERT Class 10th Geography textbooks are well known for it’s updated and thoroughly revised syllabus. The NCERT Geography Books are based on the latest exam pattern and CBSE syllabus. NCERT has a good image when it comes to publishing the study materials for the students. NCERT keeps on updating the Geography books with the help of the latest question papers of each year. The Class 10 Geography books of NCERT are very well known for its presentation. The use of these books is not only suitable for studying the regular syllabus of various boards but it can also be useful for the candidates appearing for various competitive exams UPSC, Staff Selection Commission, PSU’s, Railways, PSC Exams.

NCERT Class 10 Geography Books PDF Download in English and Hindi Medium

NCERT Class 10 Geography Books are provided in PDF form so that students can access it at anytime anywhere. Class 10 NCERT Geography Books are created by the best professors who are experts in Geography and have good knowledge in the subject.

Contemporary India – II NCERT Geography Book Class 10 PDF in English Medium

• Class 10 Geography NCERT Book in English Medium
• Class 10 Geography NCERT Book in Hindi Medium

Geography Book Class 10:

Geography (Contemporary India – II)

• Chapter 1 Resources and Development
• Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Chapter 3 Water Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
• Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Class 10 NCERT Geography Book PDF Download

भूगोल (समकालीन भारत – II)

• Chapter 1 संसाधन और विकास
• Chapter 2 वन और वन्यजीव संसाधन
• Chapter 3 जल संसाधन
• Chapter 4 कृषि
• Chapter 5 खनिज और ऊर्जा संसाधन
• Chapter 6 विनिर्माण उद्योग
• Chapter 7 राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था की जीवन रेखाएँ

Class 10 NCERT Geography Book in Hindi PDF

The NCERT syllabus mainly focuses on this book to make it student-friendly to make it useful for both the students and the competitive exam aspirants. The book covers a detailed Geography based on the syllabuses of various boards. NCERT Geography Books for Class 10 is perfectly compatible with almost every Indian education state and central boards.

We hope that this detailed article on NCERT Class 10 Geography Books helps you in your preparation and you crack the Class 10 exams or competitive exams with excellent scores. For your convenience, you can download PDFs of books and structure your study plan ahead. You should focus more on practicing previous year question papers too as this will further assist you in understanding the frequency of questions.

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Notes of Ch 5 Minerals and Energy Resources| Class 10th Geography

Study material and notes of ch 5 minerals and energy resources class 10th geography, contact form.

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CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science: One of the best teaching strategies employed in most classrooms today is Worksheets. CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheet for students has been used by teachers & students to develop logical, lingual, analytical, and problem-solving capabilities. So in order to help you with that, we at WorksheetsBuddy have come up with Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 Social Science Worksheets for the students of Class 10. All our CBSE NCERT Class 10 Social Science practice worksheets are designed for helping students to understand various topics, practice skills and improve their subject knowledge which in turn helps students to improve their academic performance. These chapter wise test papers for Class 10 Social Science will be useful to test your conceptual understanding.

Board: Central Board of Secondary Education(www.cbse.nic.in) Subject: Class 10 Social Science Number of Worksheets: 49

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheets PDF

All the CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science provided in this page are provided for free which can be downloaded by students, teachers as well as by parents. We have covered all the Class 10 Social Science important questions and answers in the worksheets which are included in CBSE NCERT Syllabus. Just click on the following link and download the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheet. CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 SST can also use like assignments for Class 10 Social Science students.

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Economics

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics SA1 Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Economics Assignment 6

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Geography

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Forest and Wildlife Resources Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Forest and Wildlife Resources Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Manufacturing Industries Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Minerals and Energy Resources Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Minerals and Energy Resources Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Resources and Development Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 6
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 7
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 8
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 9
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 10
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 11
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 12
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 13
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 14
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography Assignment 15

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 History

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Democratic Politics Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Nationalism in India Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History The Nationalist Movement in Indo China Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History SA1 Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History SA1 Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science History Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Democracy Diversity Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Development Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Forest and Wildlife Resources Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Globalization Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Lifelines of Indian Economy Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Money and Credit Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Sectors of Indian Economy Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Work life and Leisure Assignment

Advantages of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheets

• By practising NCERT CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheet , students can improve their problem solving skills.
• Helps to develop the subject knowledge in a simple, fun and interactive way.
• No need for tuition or attend extra classes if students practise on worksheets daily.
• Working on CBSE worksheets are time-saving.
• Helps students to promote hands-on learning.
• One of the helpful resources used in classroom revision.
• CBSE Class 10 Social Science Workbook Helps to improve subject-knowledge.
• CBSE Class 10 SST Worksheets encourages classroom activities.

Worksheets of CBSE Class 10 Social Science are devised by experts of WorksheetsBuddy experts who have great experience and expertise in teaching Maths. So practising these worksheets will promote students problem-solving skills and subject knowledge in an interactive method. Students can also download CBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter wise question bank pdf and access it anytime, anywhere for free. Browse further to download free CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheets PDF .

Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheet and we hope this detailed article is helpful. So Students who are preparing for the exams must need to have great solving skills. And in order to have these skills, one must practice enough of Class 10 SST revision worksheets . And more importantly, students should need to follow through the worksheets after completing their syllabus.  Working on CBSE Class 10 Social Science Worksheets will be a great help to secure good marks in the examination. So start working on Class 10 SST Worksheets to secure good score.

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Water Resources Class 10 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 3

• Revision Notes
• Social Science: Geography
• Chapter 3 Water Resources

CBSE Water Resources Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Notes - FREE PDF Download

Class 10 Geography notes on "Water Resources" cover essential information about the types, distribution, and importance of water resources based on the latest Class 10 Geography Syllabus. Learn about issues like water scarcity, how to manage water sources, and the methods used for conservation. 

The Class 10 Geography Notes PDF are framed in such a way to help understand key concepts and prepare for exams in less time. Check out the content and download the free PDF for easy study and revision.

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Access Revision Notes for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Causes of water scarcity: .

Some of the common causes are:-

Uneven Precipitation- The seasonal and annual rainfall varies concerning geographical region and time.

Over Exploitation- With the increasing population and unequal access to water resources, the water resources are exploited for domestic purposes and industrial needs. It is also polluted due to hazardous practices of the industries.

Irrigative agricultural fields- Water is needed in a large quantity for growing crops. The farmer owns individual water pumps, which causes decreased groundwater levels in that region, causing scarcity and drought. 

Industries- Industries not only harm and pollute water resources like rivers and lakes, but they also require groundwater for working by water pumping devices. The electric power supply source is also Hydroelectric power.

Releasing untreated chemicals into water bodies by the industries. 

Unplanned drainage system- Throwing garbage in water bodies pollutes them and makes them unfit for use.

Solutions for Water Scarcity:

Multi-purpose River Projects

These are large-scale projects that aim to harness river resources for multiple purposes at once. The key objectives include:

Irrigation: Providing water for agriculture, providing a consistent food supply, and increasing agricultural yields.

Hydropower generation is the process of harnessing the power of flowing water to generate electricity and contribute to the country's energy needs.

Flood control is the practice of controlling and reducing floods by regulating river flow and storing excess water.

Navigation: To provide navigable transportation channels, hence facilitating trade and product flow.

Drinking Water Supply : Provide a steady source of clean water to both urban and rural people.

Dams are hydraulic structures built to store water for future use. They act as reservoirs. They become barriers and restrict the flow of water which can be later used for purposes such as irrigation, domestic use, industrial use, aquaculture, etc.

It is used in Irrigating the fields.

Used in Electricity Generation:  In the Sutlej-Beas River Basin, The Bhakra- Nangal Dam is used widely for hydel power production and irrigation.

Used as the Water supply for domestic purposes.

Used to Supply water for industries and manufacturers.

Used in Flood Control:-  The Hirakud Dam in the Mahanadi basin is used for flood control.

Used for Recreational purposes like water parks

Used in Inland Navigation.

Used in Fish Breeding.

Jawaharlal Nehru claimed dams to be "Temples of Modern India '' as they would help in activities like agriculture, the development of the village economy, the blooming of industries, and the growth of the urban economy.

Disadvantages of Dams

Construction of the Dam interrupted the flow of water which caused the irregular flow of sediments, increasing the sedimentation in the reservoir, which made the livelihood of aquatic animals quite difficult. The dam led to fragmented rivers which made the migration of aquatic organisms difficult.

Local People started getting displaced from their land. 

Due to high water availability, all farmers preferred commercial crops, which caused an ecological imbalance.

There was an increase in the social gap as they caused disputes among the people wanting their water needs to be prioritised. Even inter-state disputes became common.

Flood control dams triggered floods as well because of the sedimentation in the reservoir. When excessive rainfall occurs, dams fail to control floods. The release of water from dams caused floods itself many times.

Land degradation: Other than the loss of lives and properties, the flood also eroded soil. 

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is done according to the region and its climatic conditions. It has been done in India since ancient times.

In the Western Himalayas - 'guls' or 'kuls' were formed which were the diversion channels for water for agriculture.

In Rajasthan - Rooftop Rainwater harvesting is common.

In West Bengal - Inundation channels are formed for irrigation.

In Arid and Semi-arid regions - Agricultural fields are used as rain-fed storage structures which allowed the rainwater to be stagnant and made the soil moist. They had large tanks which were as big as a room and were placed in the courtyard of their house, the rainwater from their sloppy roofs would accumulate in the tanks through a pipe.

5 Important Topics of Chapter 3 Water Resources in Class 10 Geography

Importance of Revision Notes for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Consolidation of Information: Revision notes help in summarising key concepts, making it easier to recall essential information. They condense large volumes of study material into manageable chunks.

Enhanced Understanding: By reviewing and summarising topics, students can deepen their understanding of complex subjects, making it easier to grasp and remember details.

Time Efficiency: Revision notes streamline study sessions, allowing students to focus on important points and avoid spending excessive time on less relevant material.

Quick Review: They provide a quick reference before exams, helping students to refresh their memory and reinforce their learning without having to go through entire textbooks.

Improved Retention: Regular review of revision notes helps in reinforcing memory and improves long-term retention of information.

Tips for Learning the Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Understand the fundamental concepts such as types of water resources, water scarcity, and pollution. This will help you get better with more detailed information later.

Make use of diagrams and maps like diagrams of irrigation methods and maps of water-scarce regions which helps in understanding the topics better.

Break down each topic of the chapter into summaries. Write brief notes in bullets on each major topic like water scarcity and pollution which helps in understanding the topics better.

Solve past exam papers and sample questions related to water resources. This will help you understand the types of questions that may be asked.

Studying in groups or discussing with classmates to gain different perspectives and clarify doubts.

Chapter 3 of class 10 Geography water resources will enable us to understand how we can make use of and manage our water resources. Topics include the various types of water sources, causes and consequences of water scarcity, different irrigation methods, sources of water pollution as well as conservation measures that when discussed provide a clear outline of the subject. A good way to improve understanding is through effective note-taking methods, practising using past papers and relating a theory in learning with real-life situations. In addition, discussing with peers periodically will further help in reinforcing one’s learning thereby ensuring that one has a firm command over the issues regarding management of water resources that are important in the context of environmental conservation and development at large.

Related Study Materials for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Revision Notes Links for Class 10 Geography 

Important Study Materials for Class 10 Social Science - Geography 

FAQs on Water Resources Class 10 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 3

1. Explain how water becomes a renewable resource?

Water is seen as a renewable resource. Rainfall is the primary cause of surface and groundwater recharge in a short period of time due to three processes in the hydrological cycle. These are the three processes: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Water shortage results from overexploitation of water sources. Water scarcity is simply a lack of water, which can occur for a variety of causes such as water usage in dry season agriculture, water contamination that renders water sources worthless, and so on.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects?

The advantages of multi-purpose river projects include Irrigation, Flood prevention, Hydrolytic electricity generation, Inland navigation, and Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. The disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects are Aquatic flora and fauna get affected, The water flow gets affected, Land submerged in the surrounding areas, Land rehabilitation problem on a large scale and many ecological consequences.

3. What do you mean by water scarcity according to Chapter 3 Water Resources of Class 10 Geography?  What are its causes?

Water scarcity is the limited availability of water in a region over a specific period. This is mainly due to over-exploitation of the use of water. This over-exploitation has led to unequal access and excessive use of water for different social groups. A growing population like in India has increasing demands for the use of water and it is not available to fulfil everyone’s needs. It's multiple uses have led to this scarcity.  

These solutions are available on Vedantu's official website  (vedantu.com).

4. What are the uses of water resources according to Chapter 3 Water Resources of Class 10 Geography?

Domestic uses of water include bathing, cleaning, watering plants, and so on. They are also used for other reasons, including as irrigation for growing crops and other farming practices, as well as in multinational firms' industrial buildings. Water is also used to generate power. Water supplies are finite, but water usage is limitless. Water use has skyrocketed with industrialisation and urbanisation. Water pollution has also been caused through the commercial usage of water.

5. What is a dam according to Chapter 3 Water Resources of Class 10 Geography?

A dam is a structure that was earlier used to impound or store rainwater or river water for use in irrigation. But now, dams are used to produce Hydroelectricity, to store water for domestic and commercial purposes, for inland navigation, flood control, fish breeding, and recreational functions. Dams are now referred to as multipurpose projects owing to their multiple uses. Some famous dams in India are Bhakra Nangal Dam, the Hirakud Dam, and the Beas-Sutlej dam.

6. Why are multipurpose projects and large dams facing resistance according to Chapter 3 Water Resources of Class 10 Geography?

In recent times, the development of multipurpose projects and large dams are facing a lot of public scrutiny and resistance. That is because these big projects cause rehabilitation and resettlement on a very large scale. The people who are resettled are not properly compensated. The displacement of people and the natural fauna and flora is a big cost that is paid for these projects. Movements like Narmada Bachao Andolan and the Tehri Dam Andolan are some examples of resistance. 

7. Which is the first state in India to make rainwater harvesting compulsory according to Chapter 3 Water Resources of Class 10 Geography?

The first state in the country to make harvesting of rainwater mandatory for all the houses across the state is Tamil Nadu. All the houses are supposed to have rooftop structures for rainwater harvesting. Legal provisions have been introduced for those who do not abide by this law. If you are seeking notes of this chapter for your preparation, you should get Vedantu’s CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Notes. These are comprehensive and simple to use. 

8. What should I look for in Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 notes PDF downloads? 

When downloading the Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 notes PDF, ensure that the notes cover all key topics and concepts from the chapter to aid in effective revision.

9. Where can I find a Water Resources Class 10 notes PDF Download?

You can find a Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources notes PDF download on our Vedantu Website which offers study materials for FREE.

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Class 10 Assignments Download Pdf

Please refer to Assignments for Class 10 for all subjects given below. We have given below free printable Assignments for Class 10 for easy and free download in PDF. The assignments have been developed based on the current year’s NCERT Books for Class 10. These Assignments for Grade 10 cover all critical topics which can come in your standard 10 class tests and exams. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 10 , school and class worksheets, and practice test papers have been developed by our experienced class 10 teachers. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable assignments for Class 10 with solutions and answers. All assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert faculty as per the latest curriculum in Class 10. Students can simply click on the links below and download all Pdf assignments for class 10 for free. Latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 assignments and test papers are provided below.

Assignments for Class 10 Pdf Download

We have provided the largest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 10 . You can download all free assignments in Pdf for standard 10th. Our expert faculty members have covered Class 10 questions and answers for all subjects as per the latest curriculum for the current academic year. All practice test papers and question banks for Class 10 subjects and CBSE Assignments for Class 10 will be really useful for students to properly prepare for the upcoming exams. Class 10th students are advised to free download in Pdf all printable question banks given below.

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• All assignments for standard 10 for all subjects have solutions and step by step answers. Students and parents will be able to understand then easily.
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2023-24 syllabus.

• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 Social Science Geography
• Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources

We humans, along with all living organisms, form a complex web of an ecological system. Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography starts with an introduction to flora and fauna in India. The chapter subsequently discusses the important role that forests play in the ecological system and how we can conserve forests and wildlife in India. The chapter ends by explaining various steps taken by people to conserve our forests and wildlife resources. Here we have compiled all these topics in the form of CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources. Going through these CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes will help you understand the chapter easily. You can also download these notes in pdf and access them offline.

• Chapter 1 Resources and Development
• Chapter 3 Water Resources
• Chapter 4 Agriculture
• Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
• Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
• Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

Flora and fauna in india.

India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. Different varieties of forest and wildlife resources are found in India. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), we can classify different categories of existing plants and animal species as follows:

• Normal species: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
• Endangered species: These species are in danger of extinction. For example, species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed macaque, sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur), etc.
• Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has declined to levels that it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if it continues to decline in the same manner. E.g., Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
• Rare species: Species with a small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. Examples of such species are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill, etc.
• Endemic species: These are species which are only found in some particular areas, usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. Examples of such species are the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Extinct species: These species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth. E.g., Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck.

What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna?

• Excessive consumption of natural resources for fulfilling human needs, such as wood, bark, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc.
• The expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities.
• Large-scale development of projects and mining activities.
• Unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals.

• The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 to protect habitats, and an all-India list of protected species was published.
• The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals. Under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
• In 1991, for the first time, plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

In India, forest and wildlife resources are owned and managed by the government through the Forest Department or other government departments. These are classified under the following categories.

Reserved forests: More than half of the total forest land in India has been declared reserved forests.

Protected forests: Forest Department has declared one-third of the total forest area as protected forest.

Unclassed forests: These are the forests and wastelands which belong to both government and private individuals and communities. North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.

Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forests, which are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.

Community and Conservation

Conservation of the forest and wildlife resources is very important. Here are a few steps taken by common people:

• In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
• The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. Villages came up with their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting. They are also protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
• The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one successful attempt to resist deforestation in several areas. The movement has also resulted in community afforestation.
• Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
• India’s Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example of involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.

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Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

What is the meaning of ‘topography’.

Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.

What are the disadvantages of deforestation?

1. Climate Imbalance 2. Global Warming 3. Soil Erosion 4. Wildlife Extinction 5. Acidic Oceans

What are the natural resources available on Earth?

Oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand are natural resources. Other natural resources are air, sunlight, soil and water. Animals, birds, fish and plants are natural resources as well.

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