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noun as in case history
Strongest match
- medical history
Weak matches
- medical record
- psychiatric history
Example Sentences
In a case study from Metric Theory, Target Impression Share bidding, the total cost per click increased with both mobile and desktop devices.
It would also become the subject of a fair number of business school case studies.
Not just blog posts, you can also share other resources like case studies, podcast episodes, and webinars via Instagram Stories.
They become the architecture for a case study of Flint, expressed in a more personal and poetic way than a straightforward investigation could.
The Creek Fire was a case study in the challenge facing today’s fire analysts, who are trying to predict the movements of fires that are far more severe than those seen just a decade ago.
A case study would be your Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke.
A good case study for the minority superhero problem is Luke Cage.
He was asked to review a case study out of Lebanon that had cited his work.
Instead, now we have a political science case-study proving how political fortunes can shift and change at warp speed.
One interesting case study is Sir Arthur Evans, the original excavator and “restorer” of the Minoan palace of Knossos on Crete.
As this is a case study, it should be said that my first mistake was in discrediting my early religious experience.
The author of a recent case study of democracy in a frontier county commented on the need for this kind of investigation.
How could a case study of Virginia during this period illustrate these developments?
Related Words
Words related to case study are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word case study . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.
noun as in record of what happened
From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.
What Is Another Way to Say “Case Study”?
January 1, 2024
Linda Brown
Looking for synonyms for case study ? We’ve got you covered!
Here’s a list of other ways to say case study .
- Examination
- Investigation
- Research study
- Detailed study
- Exploration
- Observational study
- Case report
- Case analysis
Want to learn how to say case study professionally? Keep reading for examples and use cases.
1. Analysis
“Analysis” is used when a detailed examination of the elements or structure of something is conducted. It’s appropriate in scientific, business, and academic contexts. Example: The team conducted an analysis of market trends for the new product launch.
“Report” refers to a formal account or statement describing the findings of an investigation or research. It’s used in professional, academic, and governmental contexts. Example: She compiled a comprehensive report on the company’s financial health over the past year.
3. Examination
“Examination” is used when referring to a detailed inspection or analysis of a subject or phenomenon. It’s suitable in medical, academic, and technical fields. Example: The doctor conducted a thorough examination of the patient’s case history.
4. Investigation
“Investigation” implies a systematic or formal inquiry to discover facts or information. It’s commonly used in law enforcement, scientific research, and journalism. Example: The environmental agency launched an investigation into the cause of the pollution.
“Profile” refers to an analysis or description of a particular thing or person. It’s often used in journalism, psychology, and marketing. Example: The magazine published a detailed profile of the innovative tech startup.
“Survey” is used for a comprehensive examination or review of a particular area or subject. It’s suitable in research, social sciences, and market analysis. Example: The city conducted a survey to understand the housing needs of its residents.
7. Research Study
“Research study” refers to a detailed and systematic examination of a subject to discover new information or reach new understandings. It’s used in academic and scientific contexts. Example: The research study provided new insights into the effects of climate change on agriculture.
“Inquiry” implies a formal investigation or examination. It’s often used in academic research, legal contexts, and public policy. Example: The committee launched an inquiry into the effectiveness of the new health policy.
9. Assessment
“Assessment” is the evaluation or analysis of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something. It’s used in educational, professional, and healthcare settings. Example: The consultant did an assessment of the project’s risks and opportunities.
“Review” involves a formal assessment or examination of a subject or situation. It’s appropriate in academic, professional, and critical analysis contexts. Example: The team conducted a review of the existing literature on renewable energy technologies.
11. Detailed Study
“Detailed study” refers to an in-depth examination and analysis of a subject. It’s used in contexts where comprehensive understanding is required. Example: A detailed study of the region’s history revealed unknown cultural influences.
12. Exploration
“Exploration” is used to describe a thorough analysis or discussion of a subject, often in a more open or investigative manner. It’s suitable in scientific and academic research. Example: His book is an exploration into the psychological impacts of social media.
13. Observational Study
“Observational study” refers to research where the investigator observes subjects without manipulation. It’s commonly used in social sciences and medicine. Example: The observational study focused on children’s behavior in different learning environments.
14. Case Report
“Case report” is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. It’s used in medical and clinical contexts. Example: The doctor published a case report on the rare genetic disorder.
15. Case Analysis
“Case analysis” involves a detailed examination of a case in order to understand its various aspects. It’s often used in business, law, and academic settings. Example: The business school students performed a case analysis of the company’s strategic turnaround.
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Vocabulary
What is another word for case study ?
Synonyms for case study case study, this thesaurus page includes all potential synonyms, words with the same meaning and similar terms for the word case study ., princeton's wordnet.
- case study noun
a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view
Matched Categories
- Corporation
Concise Medical Dictionary, by Joseph C Segen, MD Rate these synonyms: 2.2 / 5 votes
Synonyms: Epidemiology Anecdotal report, anecdote, single case report
How to pronounce case study?
How to say case study in sign language, how to use case study in a sentence.
Alba Pasini :
This case study is really important, since it testifies that a medical approach to maternal morbidity actually existed during the Lombard period, despite the rejection of the scientific progress which denoted all the Early Middle Age, also, it shows two rare findings, since post-mortem fetal extrusion is a quite rare phenomenon( especially in archaeological specimens), while only a few examples of trepanation are known for the European Early Middle Age.
Sam Goodman :
The Hong Kong BNO scheme is an interesting case study of what can happen if there is political will, there are 12 welcome centers across the country and a really good support package which costs relatively little, including help with English language. And most importantly they just didn’t politicize it. All this has meant that 144,000 Hong Kongers have come here with little to no fuss, integrated quickly and there have been minimal issues.
Houston Astros :
I think I’m kind of a case study on this one.
Tesoro Corp :
We agree on the critical importance of continually learning from incidents and improving the safety of our operations, and inaccuracies in the case study do not detract from our resolve to learn from these incidents.
Josh Holmes :
For those asking, this is my response to West Virginia Roy Moore :' This clown is a walking, talking case study for the limitation of a prison's ability to rehabilitate,'.
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- case load noun
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- case sensitive
- case shot noun
- case-by-case adj
- case-fatality
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Case study synonyms
What is another word for case study .
- dossier record of what happened
- medical history record of what happened
- anamnesis record of what happened
- medical record record of what happened
- psychiatric history record of what happened
- case history
- instance example
- pilot study
- examination
- investigation
Look up a word, learn it forever.
/ˌkeɪ(s) ˈstʌdi/, /keɪs ˈstʌdi/.
Other forms: case studies
- noun a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view see more see less type of: analysis an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
- noun a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure see more see less type of: report , study , written report a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
Vocabulary lists containing case study
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Methodology
- What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods
What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods
Published on May 8, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.
A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research.
A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods , but quantitative methods are sometimes also used. Case studies are good for describing , comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of a research problem .
Table of contents
When to do a case study, step 1: select a case, step 2: build a theoretical framework, step 3: collect your data, step 4: describe and analyze the case, other interesting articles.
A case study is an appropriate research design when you want to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about a specific real-world subject. It allows you to explore the key characteristics, meanings, and implications of the case.
Case studies are often a good choice in a thesis or dissertation . They keep your project focused and manageable when you don’t have the time or resources to do large-scale research.
You might use just one complex case study where you explore a single subject in depth, or conduct multiple case studies to compare and illuminate different aspects of your research problem.
| Research question | Case study |
|---|---|
| What are the ecological effects of wolf reintroduction? | Case study of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park |
| How do populist politicians use narratives about history to gain support? | Case studies of Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán and US president Donald Trump |
| How can teachers implement active learning strategies in mixed-level classrooms? | Case study of a local school that promotes active learning |
| What are the main advantages and disadvantages of wind farms for rural communities? | Case studies of three rural wind farm development projects in different parts of the country |
| How are viral marketing strategies changing the relationship between companies and consumers? | Case study of the iPhone X marketing campaign |
| How do experiences of work in the gig economy differ by gender, race and age? | Case studies of Deliveroo and Uber drivers in London |
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Once you have developed your problem statement and research questions , you should be ready to choose the specific case that you want to focus on. A good case study should have the potential to:
- Provide new or unexpected insights into the subject
- Challenge or complicate existing assumptions and theories
- Propose practical courses of action to resolve a problem
- Open up new directions for future research
TipIf your research is more practical in nature and aims to simultaneously investigate an issue as you solve it, consider conducting action research instead.
Unlike quantitative or experimental research , a strong case study does not require a random or representative sample. In fact, case studies often deliberately focus on unusual, neglected, or outlying cases which may shed new light on the research problem.
Example of an outlying case studyIn the 1960s the town of Roseto, Pennsylvania was discovered to have extremely low rates of heart disease compared to the US average. It became an important case study for understanding previously neglected causes of heart disease.
However, you can also choose a more common or representative case to exemplify a particular category, experience or phenomenon.
Example of a representative case studyIn the 1920s, two sociologists used Muncie, Indiana as a case study of a typical American city that supposedly exemplified the changing culture of the US at the time.
While case studies focus more on concrete details than general theories, they should usually have some connection with theory in the field. This way the case study is not just an isolated description, but is integrated into existing knowledge about the topic. It might aim to:
- Exemplify a theory by showing how it explains the case under investigation
- Expand on a theory by uncovering new concepts and ideas that need to be incorporated
- Challenge a theory by exploring an outlier case that doesn’t fit with established assumptions
To ensure that your analysis of the case has a solid academic grounding, you should conduct a literature review of sources related to the topic and develop a theoretical framework . This means identifying key concepts and theories to guide your analysis and interpretation.
There are many different research methods you can use to collect data on your subject. Case studies tend to focus on qualitative data using methods such as interviews , observations , and analysis of primary and secondary sources (e.g., newspaper articles, photographs, official records). Sometimes a case study will also collect quantitative data.
Example of a mixed methods case studyFor a case study of a wind farm development in a rural area, you could collect quantitative data on employment rates and business revenue, collect qualitative data on local people’s perceptions and experiences, and analyze local and national media coverage of the development.
The aim is to gain as thorough an understanding as possible of the case and its context.
In writing up the case study, you need to bring together all the relevant aspects to give as complete a picture as possible of the subject.
How you report your findings depends on the type of research you are doing. Some case studies are structured like a standard scientific paper or thesis , with separate sections or chapters for the methods , results and discussion .
Others are written in a more narrative style, aiming to explore the case from various angles and analyze its meanings and implications (for example, by using textual analysis or discourse analysis ).
In all cases, though, make sure to give contextual details about the case, connect it back to the literature and theory, and discuss how it fits into wider patterns or debates.
If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
- Normal distribution
- Degrees of freedom
- Null hypothesis
- Discourse analysis
- Control groups
- Mixed methods research
- Non-probability sampling
- Quantitative research
- Ecological validity
Research bias
- Rosenthal effect
- Implicit bias
- Cognitive bias
- Selection bias
- Negativity bias
- Status quo bias
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
McCombes, S. (2023, November 20). What Is a Case Study? | Definition, Examples & Methods. Scribbr. Retrieved August 16, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/case-study/
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Definition of case study
Examples of case study in a sentence.
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'case study.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
1914, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Dictionary Entries Near case study
case spring
case study method
Cite this Entry
“Case study.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/case%20study. Accessed 16 Aug. 2024.
More from Merriam-Webster on case study
Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for case study
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about case study
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- Rhymes with Case-study
- Case-study in a sentence
Study Past Tense
The past tense of Study is studied.
noun. ['ˈstʌdi'] a detailed critical inspection.
- examination
- indiscipline
- Romanticism
- studie (Middle English (1100-1500))
- estudier (Old French (842-ca. 1400))
Rhymes with Case Study
Sentences with case-study.
1. Noun Phrase For these questions, a case study is provided for analysis. 2. Noun Phrase This might be a real-world scenario or a case ," aria-label="Link to study ,"> study , depending on the specific course requirements.
verb. ['ˈstʌdi'] consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning.
- check up on
- investigate
verb. ['ˈstʌdi'] be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning.
noun. ['ˈstʌdi'] applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading).
- acquisition
verb. ['ˈstʌdi'] give careful consideration to.
- contemplate
verb. ['ˈstʌdi'] be a student of a certain subject.
noun. ['ˈkeɪs'] an occurrence of something.
- mortification
- natural event
- humiliation
- postmeridian
- antemeridian
- cas (Middle English (1100-1500))
- cas (Old English (ca. 450-1100))
noun. ['ˈkeɪs'] a special set of circumstances.
noun. ['ˈkeɪs'] a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy.
- class action
- countersuit
- bastardy proceeding
- proceedings
- class-action suit
- criminal suit
- legal proceeding
- paternity suit
- motionlessness
- stand still
- distributed
noun. ['ˈkeɪs'] the actual state of things.
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Meaning of case study in English
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- anti-narrative
- be another story idiom
- bodice-ripper
- cautionary tale
- in medias res
- misdescription
- running commentary phrase
- semi-legendary
- shaggy-dog story
- write something up
case study | American Dictionary
Case study | business english, examples of case study, translations of case study.
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- a study of an individual unit, as a person, family, or social group, usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment, especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
- case history .
- the act or an instance of analysing one or more particular cases or case histories with a view to making generalizations
Word History and Origins
Origin of case study 1
Example Sentences
In a case study from Metric Theory, Target Impression Share bidding, the total cost per click increased with both mobile and desktop devices.
It would also become the subject of a fair number of business school case studies.
Not just blog posts, you can also share other resources like case studies, podcast episodes, and webinars via Instagram Stories.
They become the architecture for a case study of Flint, expressed in a more personal and poetic way than a straightforward investigation could.
The Creek Fire was a case study in the challenge facing today’s fire analysts, who are trying to predict the movements of fires that are far more severe than those seen just a decade ago.
A case study would be your Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke.
A good case study for the minority superhero problem is Luke Cage.
He was asked to review a case study out of Lebanon that had cited his work.
Instead, now we have a political science case-study proving how political fortunes can shift and change at warp speed.
One interesting case study is Sir Arthur Evans, the original excavator and “restorer” of the Minoan palace of Knossos on Crete.
As this is a case study, it should be said that my first mistake was in discrediting my early religious experience.
The author of a recent case study of democracy in a frontier county commented on the need for this kind of investigation.
How could a case study of Virginia during this period illustrate these developments?
Related Words
- medical history
Title Case Capitalization
APA Style uses two types of capitalization for titles of works (such as paper titles ) and headings within works : title case and sentence case .
In title case, major words are capitalized, and most minor words are lowercase. In sentence case, most major and minor words are lowercase ( proper nouns are an exception in that they are always capitalized).
- major words: Nouns, verbs (including linking verbs), adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and all words of four letters or more are considered major words.
- minor words: Short (i.e., three letters or fewer) conjunctions, short prepositions, and all articles are considered minor words.
Title case capitalization is covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 6.17 and the Concise Guide Section 5.7
How to implement title case
In title case, capitalize the following words in a title or heading:
- the first word of the title or heading, even if it is a minor word such as “The” or “A”
- the first word of a subtitle
- the first word after a colon, em dash, or end punctuation in a heading
- major words, including the second part of hyphenated major words (e.g., “Self-Report,” not “Self-report”)
- words of four letters or more (e.g., “With,” “Between,” “From”)
Lowercase only minor words that are three letters or fewer in a title or heading (except the first word in a title or subtitle or the first word after a colon, em dash, or end punctuation in a heading):
- short conjunctions (e.g., “and,” “as,” “but,” “for,” “if,” “nor,” “or,” “so,” “yet”)
- articles (“a,” “an,” “the”)
- short prepositions (e.g., “as,” “at,” “by,” “for,” “in,” “of,” “off,” “on,” “per,” “to,” “up,” “via”)
When to use title case
Use title case for the following:
- titles of articles, books, reports, and other works appearing in text
In the book Train Your Mind for Peak Performance: A Science-Based Approach for Achieving Your Goals
In the article “Turning Frowns (and Smiles) Upside Down: A Multilevel Examination of Surface Acting Positive and Negative Emotions on Well-Being”
- titles of tests or measures, including subscales
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- all headings within a work (Levels 1–5; these are also bold or bold italic)
- the title of your own paper and of named sections and subsections within it
the Results section
- titles of periodicals (these are also italicized)
Journal of Latinx Psychology
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- table titles (these are also italicized)
- figure titles (these are also italicized), axis labels, and legends
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Synonyms for Case-study
10 other terms for case-study - words and phrases with similar meaning.
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Performance management decision-making model: case study on foreign language learning curriculums.
1. Introduction
2. literature review, 2.1. questionnaire and pem, 2.2. index setting and statistical testing, 3. research methods, 4. an applied example, 5. conclusions, author contributions, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
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Click here to enlarge figure
| Dimension | Item j | Zone | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension 1: teaching preparation | 1 | Z | |||
| 2 | Z | ||||
| ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | |
| ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ |
| ⁝ | j | Z | |||
| ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ |
| Dimension 5: coursework and evaluation | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ | ⁝ |
| Dimension | Item | Zone | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension 1 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.20 | |
| 2 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.08 | ||
| 3 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.14 | ||
| 4 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | ||
| Dimension 2 | 5 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.11 | |
| 6 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.39 | ||
| 7 | −0.38 | −0.39 | −0.37 | ||
| 8 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.25 | ||
| 9 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.01 | ||
| Dimension 3 | 10 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | |
| 11 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.07 | ||
| Dimension 4 | 12 | −0.45 | −0.46 | −0.44 | |
| 13 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.11 | ||
| 14 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.23 | ||
| Dimension 5 | 15 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.03 | |
| 16 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 |
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Chen, K.-S.; Yu, C.-M.; Yu, C.-H.; Chen, Y.-P. Performance Management Decision-Making Model: Case Study on Foreign Language Learning Curriculums. Information 2024 , 15 , 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080481
Chen K-S, Yu C-M, Yu C-H, Chen Y-P. Performance Management Decision-Making Model: Case Study on Foreign Language Learning Curriculums. Information . 2024; 15(8):481. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080481
Chen, Kuen-Suan, Chun-Min Yu, Chun-Hung Yu, and Yen-Po Chen. 2024. "Performance Management Decision-Making Model: Case Study on Foreign Language Learning Curriculums" Information 15, no. 8: 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080481
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Sports. Honestly. Since 2011
Stunning metric ranks bears’ ryan poles among top active gms.
- August 10, 2024
Isaac Zuniga, Editor
One of the most critical roles in the NFL isn’t on the field but in the front office. The General Manager holds the power to shape the franchise’s direction, building a solid foundation for the team and its fans. Fortunately for the Chicago Bears , they now have a GM who is not only intelligent but also a proactive learner with a keen eye for the future. In a recent study by Steven Patton , Bears GM Ryan Poles ranked second among all active GMs in net value gained through trades since 2020.
The best and worst active GMs in terms of Net Value Gained through trades since 2020: 1. Chris Ballard 2. Ryan Poles 3. Chris Grier 4. John Schneider 5. Jason Licht … 23. John Lynch 24. Monti Ossenfort 25. Howie Roseman 26. Les Snead 27. Mickey Loomis pic.twitter.com/xjJBJgHlWe — Steven Patton (@PattonAnalytics) August 9, 2024
Factors in Determining Net Value Gained Through Trades
First, it’s important to understand a rule of thumb. Trading for premium positions (QB, WR, OT, ED, & IDL) is often the right path to go down. While every NFL team has its strengths and weaknesses, securing an elite player in a premium position generally leads to results. Whether through the draft or acquiring a player, a GM’s goal is to be on the winning side of the trade. Many will point to the Chase Claypool trade as a major misstep for Poles, but he has learned from it and now prioritizes trading for the best Approximate Value (AV).
As Patton’s article explains, “The expected value a player is anticipated to provide a team in a trade is the sum of the predicted surplus and the observed cap hit. The actual value is simply the Approximate Value (AV) produced by the player, converted to dollars.”
Consider the Keenan Allen trade this offseason, which ranked first among the top ten valuable veteran player trades. It was rated higher than deals like Brian Burns to the New York Giants, Stefon Diggs to the Houston Texans, and even Justin Fields being traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers . These players still need to prove themselves with their new teams, but initially trading for the best value is the first step in the right direction.
First Overall Pick Trade Case Study
According to Cade Massey on The Meb Faber Show , “The first pick is the most valuable pick in the draft, but only if you don’t use it.” The truth lies in the trade the Bears made with the Carolina Panthers. The Panthers moved up to select quarterback Bryce Young, while the Bears turned their return into quarterback Caleb Williams , wide receiver D.J. Moore, offensive tackle Darnell Wright, cornerback Tyrique Stevenson, punter Tory Taylor, and a 2025 second-round pick. Although the long-term impact remains to be seen, the Bears are set up for future success, thanks to Ryan Poles
Building Around the Quarterback
It’s not just about finding the right quarterback, which the Bears finally seem to have accomplished. It’s also about bringing in the right pieces of the puzzle. For a team once deprived of talent on offense, the Bears now have Moore (via trade), Cole Kmet (draft), Keenan Allen (via trade), D’Andre Swift (free agency), and Rome Odunze (draft). It’s an all-star lineup on paper that should translate on the field. Ryan Poles has transformed the Bears’ franchise and is now focused on achieving the ultimate measure of a great General Manager: turning results into wins.
Main Image: Daniel Bartel – USA Today Sports
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Adults with Persistent-Post Concussion Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is estimated that 18-30% of concussion sufferers experience symptoms lasting more than 1 month, known as persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Symptoms can be debilitating, and include headache, dizziness, nausea, problems with memory and concentration, sleep and mood disruption, and exercise intolerance. Previous studies have used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to show altered tissue susceptibility levels in adults acutely following concussion, however this finding has yet to be investigated in participants with PPCS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this exploratory case-controlled study, we measured tissue susceptibility using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 24 participants with PPCS following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 23 healthy controls with no history of concussion. We compute tissue susceptibility for seven white matter tracts and three deep grey matter regions and compare tissue susceptibility between groups using ANCOVA models controlling for age and sex. We also assess the relationship between regional tissue susceptibility and symptoms.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between tissue susceptibility in participants with PPCS compared to control subjects in any of the evaluated regions. However, we show lower tissue susceptibility across four white matter tracts was generally associated with worse symptoms in the PPCS group. Specifically, we saw relationships between white matter susceptibility and headache (p=0.006), time since injury (p=0.03), depressive symptoms (p=0.021) and daytime fatigue (p=0.01) in participants with PPCS.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence in support of persistent changes in the brain months-to-years following injury and highlight the need to further understand the pathophysiology of PPCS, to determine effective prevention and treatment options.
ABBREVIATIONS: ATR: Anterior Thalamic Radiation; Caud: Caudate; CCB: Corpus Callosum Body; CCG: Corpus Callosum Genus; CCS: Corpus Callosum Splenium; CH: Cingulum; DHI: Dizziness Handicap Inventory; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FM: Forceps Minor; FSS: Fatigue Severity Scale; GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder; HIT-6: Headache Impact Test 6; IFOF: Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus; ILF: Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus; mTBI: mild traumatic brain injury; Pal: Pallidum; PPCS: Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms; PCSC: Postconcussional Syndrone Checklist; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; Put: Putamen; RPQ: Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; SLF: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus; QSM: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article.
- © 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Revised on November 20, 2023. A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research. A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods, but quantitative methods are ...
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Foreign language learning courses can be regarded as a service operation system, and a complete foreign language learning course performance evaluation model can help improve the effectiveness of student learning. The performance evaluation matrix (PEM) is an excellent tool for evaluation and resource management decision making, and the administrator uses the satisfaction and the importance ...
In a study done by Steven Patton, a stunning metric has ranked Bears General Manager Ryan Poles among the top active GMs since 2020. One of the most critical roles in the NFL isn't on the field but in the front office. The General Manager holds the power to shape the franchise's direction, building a solid foundation for the team and its ...
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this exploratory case-controlled study, we measured tissue susceptibility using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 24 participants with PPCS following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 23 healthy controls with no history of concussion. We compute tissue susceptibility for seven white matter tracts and three deep grey matter regions and compare tissue ...