can i do phd in artificial intelligence

Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence Program Guide

Portions of the following article were drafted using an in-house natural language generation platform . The article was then reviewed, fact-checked, and edited by multiple members of our editorial team prior to publishing.

Considering a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence (AI)? You’re not alone. With AI revolutionizing everything from healthcare to finance, the demand for advanced AI expertise has never been higher.

In this guide, we’ll dive into what a Ph.D. in AI offers students, the job market for graduates, and how to determine whether this degree is the right fit for you.

Ph.D. in AI vs. Ph.D. in Machine Learning: Which Is Better?

AI is a broad field, encompassing everything from speech recognition to problem-solving. Machine learning is a subset of AI that specifically focuses on teaching computers to learn from data.

Both a Ph.D. in AI and a Ph.D. in machine learning offer promising opportunities. The choice between the two depends on your career goals and interests. If you’re interested in developing a broader understanding of AI, a Ph.D. in AI may be a better fit. If you’re more interested in the use of algorithms and statistical models, a Ph.D. in machine learning might be the way to go.

Featured Online Data Science Ph.D. Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence?

With a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence, you can explore a variety of diverse and fulfilling career paths across tech, business, and academia.

The types of roles available for professionals with a doctorate in AI reflect the growing importance of AI. Industries with the highest demand include technology companies, automotive manufacturers, and the healthcare, finance, and defense sectors. AI positions are competitive and command high salaries, many of them averaging over $100,000 per year. According to Payscale , graduates with a Ph.D. in artificial intelligence have an average salary of $115,000 as of June 2024.

The demand for skilled professionals in these areas is expected to continue rising as AI technologies become even more integrated into people’s daily lives and business processes.

What Can You Expect From a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence?

Programs often include courses such as machine learning, natural language processing, and ethical AI, as well as interdisciplinary electives from related fields such as computer science, engineering, and mathematics.

In addition to coursework, programs may have research rotations in various labs to help you identify a dissertation mentor and project. Most Ph.D. programs require you to complete original research in AI and write a dissertation about it.

What Do You Learn in an Artificial Intelligence Ph.D. Program?

Artificial intelligence programs cover a wide range of subjects. Here are some of the core subjects you’ll encounter:

Machine Learning

This course covers both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of machine learning. Specific topics typically include statistical learning theory, optimization algorithms, Bayesian learning, advanced deep learning techniques, dimensionality reduction, generative models, and reinforcement learning.

Data Analysis

In this course, students learn to capture new forms of digital data and apply computational analysis techniques from data science and AI. Students are expected to master analytical techniques such as descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics.

In robotics, you’ll focus on actuation, manipulation, dynamics, control, social and ethical issues, and human-robot interaction. You’ll also explore specialized areas like marine robotics, agricultural robotics, soft robotics, healthcare robotics, social interaction robotics, and advanced manufacturing.

Computer Vision

Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates concepts such as machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, and object detection. Students can expect to conduct advanced research and study in technologies and algorithms that enable machines to interpret and understand visual data.

Cognitive Computing

Cognitive computing uses computerized models to simulate human thought processes. This course can be particularly useful to prepare you to work in industries like healthcare, banking, finance, and retail.

How Do You Get Into an Artificial Intelligence Ph.D. Program?

Let’s walk through the prerequisites, the costs associated, and the funding opportunities available for prospective Ph.D. in AI students.

Prerequisites

To apply for a Ph.D. in AI, you’ll need the following:

• An undergraduate degree in computer science, mathematics, statistics, or a related field
• Strong research skills and the ability to work independently
• Required application materials
• GRE scores , though some schools may waive this requirement
• International students may also need proof of English language proficiency, such as TOEFL scores

The cost of a Ph.D. in AI varies greatly depending on the university and the program. On average, graduate students pay between $20,000 and $45,000 per year in tuition fees, but many universities offer tuition waivers or assistantships to Ph.D. students , which can cover some or all of the tuition costs in exchange for teaching or research duties.

Funding Opportunities

There are several funding opportunities available for students pursuing a Ph.D. in AI. Availability can depend on where you live and the schools you apply for, but in general, you can start by looking at the fellowships, scholarships , and assistantships offered by the school and program. You can also research government grants and scholarships, such as the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program .

The tech industry has its own pool of fellowships to choose from, such as the Google Ph.D. Fellowship , the Microsoft Research Ph.D. Fellowship , and the Facebook Fellowship Program . If you plan to work while studying, check with your employers to see if they will fund all or part of the tuition. Always keep track of deadlines and apply for as many opportunities as possible.

Is a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence Worth It?

Pursuing a Ph.D. in AI can help you become an expert in the field, giving you the ability to tackle complex problems and develop cutting-edge technologies. You’ll find career opportunities across academia, research, and the tech industry, potentially offering you higher salaries and better job prospects.

However, getting a doctorate does require a significant time commitment. If you choose not to work while earning your degree, you’ll be spending a lot of time outside the workforce, researching instead of gaining hands-on industry experience. Additionally, the evolving nature of AI may render some research quickly outdated, and the pressure to produce impactful results can be high.

Frequently Asked Questions About a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence

How long does a ph.d. in ai take.

A Ph.D. in AI typically takes 4-6 years to complete. This includes coursework, time spent conducting independent research, and writing and defending your dissertation. The length of the program can be influenced by several factors, including your research progress, whether you study full-time or part-time , and the specific requirements of your university and program.

Can you get into AI without a Ph.D.?

Yes, you can pursue a career in AI without a Ph.D. Taking online courses and certifications from reputable platforms, making contributions to open-source projects, building a portfolio , and seeking mentorship from experienced professionals can support your career development in AI.

What are the requirements for a Ph.D. in AI?

To complete a Ph.D. in AI, students must typically complete graduate coursework, pass comprehensive examinations, and conduct original research culminating in a dissertation . Additional requirements may include attending seminars, engaging in teaching activities, and submitting research papers to scholarly journals.

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PhD Programs in Artificial Intelligence 

The ultimate graduate degree in artificial intelligence is a doctoral degree, also referred to as a Doctor of Philosophy or PhD. Many PhDs in artificial intelligence are in computer science or engineering with a specialization or research focus in artificial intelligence. PhD students will learn advanced subjects in the discipline, like algorithms, decision theory, stochastic processes, and optimization. 

What are PhD Programs in Artificial Intelligence?

As mentioned above, PhD programs in artificial intelligence are usually PhDs in computer science with a concentration in artificial intelligence. There are other PhDs with specializations in artificial intelligence, as you will see in the titles of many of the degrees listed below. These may include Mechanical Engineering, Machine Learning, and Computational Linguistics.

Most classes in a PhD program will be on-campus, but there may be a few offered online. (Only one PhD program in AI is offered completely online, as you will see in the list below). Some colleges and universities require PhD students to attend school full-time, while others admit part-time students.

Cost  According to EducationData.org, the cost of a Doctor of Philosophy averages $106,860 as of 2023. Programs vary widely in their cost, however, depending upon whether the university is public or private and how much financial assistance is available.

Who Should Study for a PhD in Artificial Intelligence?

Those who get PhDs in artificial intelligence are often interested in research positions, teaching, or software engineering. 

Jobs that are commonly held by those with PhDs in artificial intelligence include, but are not limited to:

• Research scientists
• Software engineers
• Executives in business (Chief Technology Officer, etc.)
• Principal scientist
• Lead data scientist
• Machine learning engineer
• Computer scientist

According to Payscale.com, the average salary for a person holding a PhD in Artificial Intelligence as of 2023 is $115,000 annually. The highest salaries are earned by executives such as Chief Technology Officers holding PhDs in AI, who average $198,235 annually. Computer scientists with PhDs in artificial intelligence fall at the lower end of the salary range, making $91,926 per year.

What are the Admissions Requirements for PhD Programs in Artificial Intelligence? 

In order to be admitted to a PhD program in artificial intelligence, you will need at least a bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree in a related field. You must provide a resume, transcripts, a solid academic background, a personal statement of interest, and strong personal and professional recommendations. The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) may or may not be required. Check with the school(s) in which you are interested in applying for their GRE policies for doctoral students.

Be prepared for a long period of study, as the average PhD program takes three to six years to complete.  Keep in mind that, once admitted, many doctoral programs in AI will require you to maintain a 3.5 GPA in order to remain in the program. 

What is Studied in a PhD Program in Artificial Intelligence?

Courses that you will study in a PhD program in artificial intelligence will vary depending upon the specialization you choose, as well as your prior education. Some schools will give you credit for your master’s degree classes, while others will not. Expect courses in algorithms, analytics, statistics, machine learning, and robotics, among others.

Dissertation

The dissertation is the culmination of your doctoral degree studies, and shows the published research you have conducted on artificial intelligence and/or your specialization. It will take about two years to research and write a dissertation, and you will start working on it during the second or third year of your PhD program. 

Specializations

Potential specializations in PhD programs in AI are listed in the degrees below. They include, but are not limited to:

• Data Science
• Automotive Systems
• Computational Linguistics
• Machine Learning
• Autonomous Systems

Doctoral Programs in Artificial Intelligence 

Below you will find a list of PhD programs in various fields of artificial intelligence across the U.S., as of 2023.

PhD. Programs in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing

District of Columbia

• Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics: Computational Linguistics
•  Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics: Concentration in Computational Linguistics

Massachusetts

• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science with Studies in Computational Linguistics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics: Computational Methods

New York 

• Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics : Computational Linguistics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics : Concentration in Computational Linguistics
• D octor of Philosophy in Linguistics-Computational Linguistics track

Doctoral Programs in Machine Learning

• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering: Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning
• Doctor of Philosophy in Machine Learning
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science: Machine Learning emphasis
• Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence concentration

Pennsylvania

• Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics & Machine Learning
• Doctor of Philosophy in Machine Learning & Public Policy
• Doctor of Philosophy in Neural Computation & Machine Learning
• Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics: Machine Learning and Big Data track

Doctoral Programs in Robotics and Autonomous Systems

• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical & Computer Engineering: Intelligent Systems, Robotics and Control
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering: Robotics and Systems Design
• Doctor of Philosophy in Intelligent Systems & Robotics
• D octor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering: Robotics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Systems Engineering: Automation, Robotics and Control
• Doctor of Philosophy in Human-Robot Interaction
• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering: Robotics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science & Engineering- Intelligent & Autonomous Systems Research

New Jersey 

• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering: Robotics and Smart Systems Research

North Carolina

• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering: Signal and Information Processing Track: Robotics Certificate
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science: Robotics Certificate
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering: Automotive Systems and Mobility
• Offers BS-PhD and MS-PhD paths
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering: Robotics and Autonomy

Texas 

• Doctor of Philosophy in Robotics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering: Robotics Track
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence Research
• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering: Intelligent Systems Research
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence Emphasis
• Doctor of Philosophy in Intelligent Systems Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy in Artificial Intelligence
• Online program
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering: Data Science and Intelligent Systems Research Area
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence
• Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology: Artificial Intelligence concentration
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering: Applied Artificial Intelligence
• Pharm.D. and Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computing and Information Sciences: Artificial Intelligence Research

Oregon 

• Doctor of Philosophy in Computer and Information Science: Artificial Intelligence
• Doctor of Philosophy in Intelligent Systems
• Doctor of Philosophy in Computing and Information Sciences – Artificial Intelligence Research

Doing a PhD in AI – Best PhD in Artificial intelligence and machine learning

Welcome to a comprehensive guide on pursuing a PhD in the ever-evolving field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning.

This blog post is designed to help you navigate the intricacies of doctoral study in this rapidly advancing arena in computer science.

We’ll also explore key tips from someone who’s been through the process themselves, including choosing the right topic, getting published, navigating conferences, and enjoying your PhD journey.

Whether your interest lies in robotics, natural language processing, deep learning, or any other AI-related domain, this guide offers you valuable insights to chart your path with confidence.

So let’s dive into the fascinating world of AI and discover how you can become a part of shaping its future.

Some of the best places to do your PhD in AI in the USA:

The PhDs in this list are often coursework and research-based

PhD in AI Facts you need to know:

• Growing Field: AI is a rapidly advancing field, with machine learning techniques being adopted at a swift pace. This makes the pursuit of a PhD in AI a promising and relevant choice.
• Industry Dominance: The AI industry has a strong hold on key research ingredients such as computing power, large datasets, and highly skilled researchers. This can translate into beneficial outcomes for PhD candidates, especially those with an inclination towards applied research.
• Deep Learning Focus: Deep learning, a subfield of AI driven by data and computing power, has risen to prominence. A PhD in this area could provide valuable skills for the future.
• Global Opportunities: Though Europe currently struggles with a lack of qualified AI professionals, it still produces more doctorates in science and engineering research than any other part of the world. This suggests opportunities for global collaboration and recognition.
• Skill Requirements: Success in AI does not only rely on top-tier scientists. There’s also a demand for skilled data scientists, programmers, and AI business translators, which means a range of skills can be beneficial to a PhD in this field.
• Research Prospects: With increasing interest worldwide in AI applications such as imaging, there are vast areas open for research and innovation. The development of new standards, infrastructure, and protocols is a potential area of focus.
• Potential Challenges: The dominance of the industry may lead to public interest alternatives being scarce for vital AI tools. Scholars should be aware of potential obstacles like these when planning their research.
• Initiatives to Improve European AI Sector: Despite current challenges, new initiatives are underway to improve the situation in Europe’s AI sector. Prospective PhD candidates should stay informed about these opportunities.
• Career Impact: The demand for AI experts is high due to the slow growth of qualified professionals in Europe and elsewhere. Therefore, pursuing a PhD in AI can open up various career opportunities in academia, industry, and policy-making.
• Future Impact: The goal of AI work is to add value through increased diagnostic certainty, faster turnaround times, better patient outcomes, and improved work life quality for practitioners like radiologists – indicating the potential societal impact of pursuing advanced study in this field.

Top tips for doing a PhD in AI

Here are the tops tips for doing a PhD in AI and machine learning from someone who has been through one:

1. Choosing a Topic for Your PhD Program and Funding

When embarking on a PhD journey in AI and Machine Learning, it’s crucial to pick a topic that aligns with your passions, the expertise of your advisors, and your current knowledge.

This will make your research process smoother and more enjoyable.

However, keep in mind the resources you have access to; this may affect the feasibility of your chosen topic.

Consider the benefits and drawbacks of a popular subject versus a niche one; while the former may offer more resources and collaborations, the latter can present opportunities for unique contributions.

2. Getting Papers Published

Publishing research papers is a critical part of your PhD. Strive to produce work that’s hard to reject, enhancing its chances of acceptance.

To achieve this, read and understand the structure of successful papers in your field. Don’t be disheartened by rejections or criticisms; they are stepping stones to refinement and eventual success.

3. Reviewing and Teaching / Tuition

As a PhD student, you’ll often serve as a reviewer and teacher.

Reviewing can significantly improve your writing and research skills, offering unique insights into the academic process.

Similarly, taking teaching roles seriously not only benefits your students but can also foster collaborations and influence your own research. 

4. Staying Focused During Your PhD

It’s easy to get distracted by various interesting topics during your PhD. Nevertheless, maintaining focus on your chosen research area is critical.

While it’s beneficial to remain aware of other developments in the field, ensure that your primary research doesn’t suffer from too much peripheral activity.

5. Navigating Conferences

Conferences offer more than just an opportunity to present your work; they are networking and knowledge exchange hubs.

Actively participate, meet established researchers, and learn about the latest advancements in your field.

Use these gatherings to refine your work through feedback and to form collaborations that could lead to significant academic progress.

6. Internships During Your PhD

Engaging in internships during your PhD can offer a fresh perspective and expose you to a different set of resources.

While an internship at a university might deepen your academic understanding, a corporate one can give you insights into practical applications.

Carefully weigh these advantages when considering an internship opportunity.

7. Collaborations in Academia

Academic collaborations play an essential role in enriching your research.

Collaborative work allows for skill sharing and can yield more comprehensive and compelling results.

When choosing collaborators, consider their skills and how they might complement yours to generate a more robust and holistic research outcome.

8. Enjoying Your PhD Journey

A PhD journey in AI and Machine Learning can be intense and challenging, but it’s important to enjoy the process.

Savor the opportunities to delve deep into an area of your interest, contribute original knowledge, and shape the future of the field.

These experiences are unique to the PhD journey, and cherishing them can make the entire process more fulfilling.

Wrapping up – PhD in artificial intelligence

Embarking on a PhD journey in AI and Machine Learning is an exciting and transformative endeavor that can open doors to numerous opportunities in academia, industry, and policy-making.

From choosing your topic and securing funding, to publishing papers, engaging in internships, and collaborating academically, every step of the journey can help shape the future of the AI field. Remember to stay focused and enjoy the process, and appreciate the unique experiences that come with it.

Despite potential challenges, such as the dominance of the industry and the constant need to stay abreast of fast-paced advancements, pursuing a PhD in AI can be incredibly rewarding and influential.

As AI continues to evolve, it becomes increasingly essential for scholars to navigate this terrain effectively, championing innovative solutions and contributing to the broader societal impacts of this dynamic field. 

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Best Doctorates in Artificial Intelligence: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

The growing application of advanced technology in our daily lives has led to a high demand for professionals with qualifications in the field of artificial intelligence. The best PhDs in Artificial Intelligence offer tech professionals an opportunity to help meet this increased demand and land the highest-paying artificial intelligence jobs.

A careful look at some important factors for a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, such as program cost, length, and location, will help in determining the right artificial intelligence PhD program for you. This article also discusses some of the best artificial intelligence jobs and what you can expect to earn as a PhD in Artificial Intelligence salary.

Find your bootcamp match

What is a phd in artificial intelligence.

A PhD in Artificial Intelligence is a doctorate program with an artificial intelligence research focus. Students are required to complete original research in various areas of applied artificial intelligence. These areas may include machine learning, artificial neural networks, speech recognition, and processing. PhD students will be assigned an academic advisor who will guide the student throughout their research.

How to Get Into an Artificial Intelligence PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The requirements to get into an artificial intelligence PhD program are a minimum of a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science or a related field, such as computer engineering, data science, or statistics. Students will also need a strong background in programming and system analysis, and fluency in several computer languages. There may also be course prerequisites in areas such as English, writing, deep learning, and neural cognitive modeling.

Further requirements may include transcripts of your undergraduate or graduate coursework and standardized tests scores such as the GRE. You may also be required to submit a statement of purpose that includes a description, proposal, or preliminary idea of your research areas of interest for your doctoral thesis.

PhD in Artificial Intelligence Admission Requirements

• Bachelor’s or master’s degree
• Transcripts
• Letters of recommendation
• Statement of purpose
• Standardized test scores
• Strong background in programming languages such as Python and Java
• Knowledge of artificial intelligence subjects such as deep learning, neural and cognitive modeling, or computing

Artificial Intelligence PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Artificial Intelligence?

It can be hard to get into a PhD program in Artificial Intelligence. Some programs are highly selective, and acceptance is not always based on merit alone. However, acceptance into some PhD programs is relatively easy if you meet all of the admissions requirements.

How to Get Into the Best Universities

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Best PhDs in Artificial Intelligence: In Brief

Best universities for artificial intelligence phds: where to get a phd in artificial intelligence.

The best universities for artificial intelligence PhDs are Arizona State University, Syracuse University, and Drexel University. They have some of the best artificial intelligence laboratories, high acceptance rates, and the right networks of people. Below is a detailed list of the best schools to get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence.

Arizona State University was founded on March 12, 1885. It is a public research institution that offers various programs at the graduate level including business administration, economics, and computer science. The graduate programs of Arizona State University are well known for their first-class facilities as well as renowned researchers.

PhD in Computer Science

This PhD program at Arizona State University requires 84 credit hours, a written comprehensive exam, an oral comprehensive exam, a prospectus, and a dissertation. The university has an artificial intelligence laboratory where students can conduct research. Some of the topic areas include artificial intelligence, big data, statistical modeling, cloud computing, social computing, data mining, and machine learning.

PhD in Computer Science Overview

• Program Length: Approx. 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition: $11,720/year (in state); $23,544/year (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Awards and fellowships, graduate appointments, distinguished wards

 PhD in Computer Science Admission Requirements

• Minimum GPA of 3.5 in last 60 hours of bachelor’s degree or in master’s degree overall
• 3 letters of recommendation
• Curriculum vitae or resume
• Proof of English proficiency

Capitol Technology University is a private research institution founded on June 1, 1927. It is best known for its proven academic excellence, as well as expert guidance in doctoral research. Capitol Technology University offers graduate programs in areas such as aeronautical science, cyber security, business analytics, data science, and computer science.

PhD in Artificial Intelligence

About 60 credits of coursework are required for the PhD in Artificial Intelligence at Capitol Technology University. The program emphasizes the principles of autonomous systems and expounds on how computers operate to match the human-like operation of computers for decision-making and problem-solving processes. The program is available both online and in person.

PhD in Artificial Intelligence Overview

• Program Length: Approx. 3 years
• Tuition: $933/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Hometown Heroes discounts, EdAssist partner discounts, loans

 PhD in Artificial Intelligence Admission Requirements

• Master’s degree in a relevant field
• 5 years of work experience
• Application letter
• Application fee: $100 
• Official transcripts
• 2 letters of recommendation

Cornell University's main campus in Ithaca was founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White. It is divided into seven undergraduate campuses and seven graduate divisions. Its computer science PhD program is ranked in the top six of such programs in the nation by US News & World Report, and it performs studious and academically-tasking research.

This program is designed for students with a particular interest in the general components of computing processes. Some study areas students can choose to specialize in include artificial intelligence, machine learning, data structures, robotics, natural language processing, quantitative analysis, programming languages and methodology, robotics, and theory of computation.

• Program Length: 4 - 6 years
• Tuition and Fees: $29,500/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching assistantships, research assistantships, fellowships, loans
• Application fee of $105
• Undergraduate degree
• Official transcripts  
• English language proficiency (for international applicants)

Drexel University offers research and professional degree programs in the arts and sciences, biomedical engineering, education, science and health systems, business, computing, and informatics. Drexel University graduate programs are well known for their flexibility.

Students in this program carry out in-depth and creative research. They may choose from areas such as artificial intelligence, computer vision, human-computer interaction, information assurance, and security research areas. Whatever the path they choose to specialize in, they must meet specified course requirements including 18 credits in computer science courses.

• Program Length: Within 7 years
• Tuition: $1,342/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Private scholarships, student loans, Drexel Dean’s Fellowship, and research, teaching, and graduate assistantships

PhD in Computer and Information Science Admission Requirements

• Official final transcripts from all colleges/universities attended
• Official GRE scores 
• Essay/statement of purpose
• Current resume
• Official TOEFL scores (international applicants)

Founded in 1868, Oregon State University is the largest public research university in the state with students from over 100 countries. It offers more than 80 graduate programs in fields such as AI, bioengineering, mechanical engineering, and biological and ecological engineering. It is well known for its abundant learning resources that aid students' research.

PhD in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

This artificial intelligence and robotics PhD program teaches the theories, algorithms, and systems for making intelligent decisions in complex and uncertain environments. Students can explore research areas like perception and interpretation of sensor data, automated planning and reasoning, and human-machine interaction. 

PhD in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Overview

• Tuition: $557/credit (in state); $1,105/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate, teaching, and research assistantships, graduate diversity recruitment bonus program

PhD in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Admission Requirements

• Application fee
• Statement of objectives
• Graduate/undergraduate transcripts
• GPA of 3.00

Pace University was founded in 1906 as a business school by St. Clair Pace and Charles A. Pace. It has a main campus in New York City and secondary campuses in Westchester County, New York. It offers PhD programs in clinical psychology, computer science, mental health counseling, nursing, and school psychology.

Only students with demonstrated field experience are accepted into this extremely selective program. Students are closely involved in vital, strategic advanced research projects and make authentic advances in the field in areas such as pattern recognition in medical image segmentation, artificial intelligence, and intelligent systems. Each student is expected to pass three qualification exams.

• Program Length: 3 years
• Tuition: $1,420/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities : Graduate assistantships, federal work-study, student loans
• Master’s Degree in Computer Science or a related field
• Research presentation
• $70 application fee
• Personal statement
• All official post-secondary transcripts

Syracuse University was founded on March 24, 1870. It offers over 200 graduate programs in fields such as data and research, computer science, and engineering, among others. It is well known for its professional programs, investment in research and innovation, and solid reputation.

PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering

The PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering program offered at Syracuse University is a well-structured program. Graduate students must complete a minimum of 48 credits in technical graduate courses, as well as other research courses. 

In addition, each student must complete at least four credits of professional development courses. A proposal and a dissertation must also be completed and defended by the students.

PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering Overview

• Program Length: Within 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: 14.3%
• Tuition: $1,802/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching, research, and graduate assistantships, scholarships, university fellowships, research excellence doctoral funding programs

 PhD in Computer and Information Science and Engineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree in Computer Engineering, Computer and Information Science, or a related field
• TOEFL score (international applicants)

The University of Colorado is a public research institution located in Boulder, Colorado. It offers over 124 graduate and professional degrees in the arts and sciences, business, education, engineering, law, and music. The university allows students to collaborate with esteemed faculty and researchers and gain world-class expertise in their chosen fields.

This PhD in Computer Science at the University of Colorado requires 30 hours of graduate-level coursework, as well as 30 hours of thesis work. It also requires the completion of a preliminary exam, comprehensive exam, and dissertation defense, typically within six years of beginning your coursework.

• Program Length: Within 6 years
• Tuition: $780/credit (in state); $847/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Assistantships, fellowships, faculty research grants
• At least 3 courses in computer science beyond the introductory level
• Research experience
• Resume with research and publication details
• Copy of transcripts for the required undergraduate degree or master's degree
• Proof of financial support and a funding plan

Founded on August 26, 1817, the University of Michigan is known as one of the first public universities in the nation. It is ranked as the ninth best school for artificial intelligence by US News & World Report. The school offers master’s and PhD programs in areas like aerospace engineering, architecture, urban planning, and dentistry.

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PhD in Computer Science and Engineering

Intended for students who wish to pursue research or careers as postsecondary teachers, this PhD program is highly recognized for its offerings in relatively broad fields of knowledge. It is known for imparting a demonstrated ability in its graduates to carry out independent research, yielding significant original results. 

PhD in Computer Science and Engineering Overview

• Program Length: 4 - 5   years
• Acceptance Rate: 1%
• Tuition and Fees: $14,558/full term (resident); $27,023/full term (nonresident) 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate research assistantships on research grants and contracts, teaching assistantships

 PhD in Computer Sciences and Engineering Admission Requirements

• Master's or bachelor's degree in any related field
• GPA of at least 3.5
• 3 strong letters of recommendation
• Proof of English proficiency (international students)

With over 11,000 graduate students enrolled, the University of Texas ranks among the 10 best public universities in the country, by US News & World Report. It offers graduate programs in various fields such as accounting, business, engineering, education and development, and computer science.

This program provides cutting-edge research experience as well as expertise in advanced computer science subjects. Through this program, students can specialize in the artificial intelligence track and conduct their research work on topics like information security, computer architecture, assistive technology, computer networks, and deep learning.

• Program Length: Within 8 years
• Tuition and Fees: $347.53/credit (in state); $1,344.63/credit (out of state) 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Grants and loans; department, institutional, and external fellowships and scholarships; research, teaching, and graduate assistantships

PhD in Computer Science Admission Requirements

• Transcripts of an ABA, BS, or MS degree in Computer Science/related area
• Completed graduate school application
• Resume/curriculum vitae

Can You Get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence Online?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence online. Some universities in the United States offer online artificial intelligence doctorate programs, like Capitol Technology University. The amount of time required to complete the online artificial intelligence program is about the same as the in-person program, depending on the institution.

Best Online PhD Programs in Artificial Intelligence

How long does it take to get a phd in artificial intelligence.

It takes about three to five years to get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence. That duration may be longer for people with particularly lengthy or complex research work or for those working part-time toward their PhD.

The reason for the longer duration could be a result of the institution’s requirements, the amount of research required before a thesis can be submitted, a student’s cooperation with their academic supervisor, or the program’s format, that is, whether it is full-time or part-time.

Is a PhD in Artificial Intelligence Hard?

No, a PhD in Artificial Intelligence is not that hard. Getting a PhD in computer-related programs can indeed be difficult, but when compared with other fields of theoretical study in computer science, a PhD in Artificial Intelligence is relatively easier.

PhD programs are very research-focused. What makes the PhD in Artificial Intelligence easier is that more emphasis is placed on empirical evaluation than on performance. That is, you have to prove that your method makes sense intuitively, not that it actually works. For your AI PhD, you can even show how an already established method works in a new area.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence?

It costs about $19,792 per year to get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence , according to the National Center for Education Statistics. This average varies depending on the type of university involved. For public institutions, annual tuition averages about $12,410, while private universities charge about $26,597 per year. These rates are for in-state students only.

It is important to note that additional fees and costs also apply, such as application fees and department fees. However, most PhD programs have guaranteed financial support, although it doesn’t usually cover the entire cost of the degree.

How to Pay for a PhD in Artificial Intelligence: PhD Funding Options

Some of the PhD funding options available for students include research assistantships, where PhD students assist a member of faculty with their research. Students can also participate in a teaching assistantships, where they assist a professor in various academic-related areas. Instead of being paid for their work, students receive partial or full tuition or a stipend.

Another option for PhD funding is tuition waivers, which are awarded based on things like merit, race, or occupation. There also may be financial scholarships or loans available to help with costs.

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What Is the Difference between an Artificial Intelligence Master’s Degree and PhD?

One difference between an artificial intelligence master’s degree and a PhD is that a master’s degree program consists mostly of classwork and projects, with little intensive research work, while a PhD in Artificial Intelligence predominantly involves intensive research work aimed at finding answers and solutions to existing questions and problems.

It is harder to get a PhD than a master’s degree . In the field of artificial intelligence, master’s students will focus on multiple areas of learning, such as building multi-agent systems, economic systems, or artificial agents. PhD students will be more focused on solving a specific issue, requiring intense focus and strong critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, and making advancements in the field.

Master’s vs PhD in Artificial Intelligence Job Outlook

There is a difference in the job outlook for AI master’s degree holders and AI PhD holders. Those with a PhD in Artificial Intelligence have more job opportunities overall and can expect a higher salary than those with a Master’s Degree in Artificial Intelligence.

Some examples of jobs in artificial intelligence that require a PhD are big data engineer and architect, research scientist, natural language processing engineer, software architect, senior software engineer, and machine learning engineer. Those requiring a master’s degree include computer and information research scientist, data analyst, and artificial intelligence developer.

Difference in Salary for Artificial Intelligence Master’s vs PhD

A PhD in Artificial Intelligence is a terminal degree that brings with it higher salaries than a Master’s in Artificial Intelligence does. Someone with a PhD in the field of artificial intelligence earns about $115,000 per year, according to PayScale.

On the other hand, an artificial intelligence master’s degree holder earns $102,000 per year on average. This means that those with an AI PhD can expect to make about $13,000 more every year than those with an AI master’s degree.

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Why You Should Get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence

You should get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence because it opens the door to more employment opportunities and higher salaries. If you’re already employed, you may be able to keep your job for part or even all of your PhD program. Artificial intelligence is a growing and in-demand field, so obtaining the highest level of education will set you up for continuous opportunities.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Artificial Intelligence

• More employment opportunities. With a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, landing a good job shouldn’t be a problem. The degree opens the door to more and better career opportunities.
• High-paying jobs. A Doctorate in Artificial Intelligence brings with it not only more career opportunities but also better salaries. PayScale shows that the average salary of a PhD degree holder in the field of artificial intelligence is about $115,000. However, the earning potential with this degree is considerably higher, as much as $200,000 per year for positions like principal scientist.
• Expertise in a versatile field. A doctorate degree in artificial intelligence will provide you with a deep understanding of AI theories and strong technical skills, which you can use to help solve future problems in a wide variety of fields.
• Plentiful research opportunities. With a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, you have the opportunity to engage in numerous research projects, which will increase your overall knowledge in the AI field and imbue you with the ability to find solutions to a wide variety of problems.

Getting a PhD in Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence PhD Coursework

Getting a PhD in Artificial Intelligence requires significant coursework in addition to the research element of the degree. Some common course topics include advanced data structures and algorithms, natural language learning, intermediate statistics, machine learning in practice, and regression analysis.

Foundations of Machine Learning

This course aims to teach students the founding principles of machine learning, its theory, and the techniques involved. The course includes different categories of machine learning including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms

Through this course, students learn the branches of data science and how data is managed and organized to make it easily accessible. The knowledge gained from this course will equip the student with the skills needed for developing effective and useful software designs and algorithms.

Matrix Algebra

This course teaches students how to use matrix algebra in experimental design. Students learn how to analyze complex data and use linear algebra to explore theories that involve two or more matrices. This skill is very useful when conducting research.

Probability and Random Variables

The course on probability and random variables in the field of artificial intelligence aims to teach PhD students how to reduce uncertainty when there is a margin of error as a result of the inadequacy of perfect information.

Machine Learning in Practice

In this course, students will put all that they have learned in the machine learning field into practice. They will apply their skills and knowledge in the areas of mathematics, computing, engineering, and data analysis to real-world datasets and examples.

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How to Get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence: Doctoral Program Requirements

To get a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, students must meet specific criteria that vary with each school and program. Some of the more common ones include a competency requirement, a project requirement, a breadth requirement, a teaching requirement, and approval of the thesis. Students also need to pass the necessary examinations before a PhD in Artificial Intelligence can be awarded.

Students are expected to demonstrate competency in various branches of artificial intelligence and all the theories taught in the program. They are also required to perform well on their examinations, usually with a grade of B+ or higher.

PhD students are required to take a specific number of upper-level courses for their degree. These courses need to encompass the different areas of artificial intelligence as well as the research problems and techniques associated with them.

As a way of showcasing the skills they have gained in their years of doctorate studies, PhD students must create and complete a project that’s in harmony with the project requirements of their particular program. This project will be based in a specialized field of artificial intelligence and must be approved by the project supervisors before this requirement can be met.

It is a requirement for PhD students to serve in the position of teaching assistant for at least two semesters or teach a course in their field for at least a semester. These roles allow PhD students to interact with students, sharpening their communication skills and preparing them for a possible career in academics.

Before a PhD in the field of artificial intelligence can be awarded, thesis research will be required of the PhD student. The thesis usually focuses on answering industry-wide problems. Once the thesis has been approved by the school supervising committee, then a doctoral degree in artificial intelligence can be given.

Potential Careers with an Artificial Intelligence Degree

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PhD in Artificial Intelligence Salary and Job Outlook

The job outlook for artificial intelligence PhD holders is very good, as we are living in a time of rapid technological advancements. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts a growth of 22 percent in jobs like computer and research scientist through 2030. With an average salary of $115,000 for AI PhD holders, as stated above, you can expect to earn a great salary with your degree.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Artificial Intelligence?

With a PhD in Artificial Intelligence, you can get employed by top tech companies and work on a broad array of AI applications, programs, and systems. These include facial-recognition software, self-driving cars and drones, digital personal assistants, and more. AI students gain employment as computer scientists, AI experts, machine learning engineers, computational linguists, and robotics engineers after graduation. Here are some of the best jobs for artificial intelligence PhD holders.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Artificial Intelligence

• Big Data Engineer/Architect
• Software Architect
• Machine Learning Engineer
• Software Engineer
• Data Scientist

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Artificial Intelligence?

The average salary for a graduate with a PhD in Artificial Intelligence is $115,000 , according to PayScale. The exact salary you can expect will depend on a wide range of factors, which include your job title and responsibilities, the industry in which you are employed, your specific experience and knowledge, and the company’s geographic region.

Highest-Paying Artificial Intelligence Jobs for PhD Grads

Best artificial intelligence jobs with a doctorate.

The best artificial intelligence jobs with a doctorate degree are software architect, big data engineer/architect, machine learning engineer, data scientist, and software engineer. According to BLS, AI is taking a bigger role in our security , which will lead to even more job prospects in the field.

An artificial intelligence researcher conducts research to create and design new and better ways of solving problems. The models they create are used by data scientists to solve the real-world problems they were designed to solve.

• Salary with an Artificial Intelligence PhD: $131,490
• Job Outlook: 22% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 33,000
• Highest-Paying States: Oregon, Arizona, Texas

Using their experience and research in artificial intelligence and software development, software engineers are capable of leading major software development projects. They can work for big IT companies such as IBM, Intel, Microsoft, and Alphabet.

• Salary with an Artificial Intelligence PhD: $126,668
• Number of Jobs: 1,847,900
• Highest-Paying States: Washington, California, New York

Engineers who work in machine learning are at the crossroads of software design and data science. They use big data technologies and programming structures to build production-ready, flexible, scalable models that can manage terabytes of actual data.

• Salary with an Artificial Intelligence PhD: $112,567

A robotics engineer is in charge of designing robots and robotic systems. With the implementation of AI, they will focus on designing complex robotic communication systems software and hardware components.

• Salary with an Artificial Intelligence PhD: $95,300
• Job Outlook: 7% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 299,200
• Highest-Paying States: New Mexico, Louisiana, District of Columbia

Computational linguists’ job is to make communication possible between humans and machines by teaching computers how to understand us. They have a complex understanding of various programming languages and perform product-specific research in computational linguistics.

• Salary with an Artificial Intelligence PhD: $83,335

Is a PhD in Artificial Intelligence Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Artificial Intelligence is worth it. Artificial intelligence and cognitive technology are expected to be the catalyst for the next scientific revolution. In a data-rich world, creating AI technology that can learn via developing and drawing conclusions based on human behavior could change the future and offer limitless industrial, social, and scientific possibilities.

As the world becomes more dependent on advancing technologies and intelligent machines, there is an ever-growing market for PhD holders in the field of artificial intelligence. A PhD in Artificial Intelligence will provide you with expertise in the field and qualify you for high demand careers in the field.

Additional Reading About Artificial Intelligence

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PhD in Artificial Intelligence FAQ

A PhD in Artificial Intelligence offers numerous lucrative career opportunities such as robotics engineer, senior software engineer, and machine learning expert. You will also be qualified to teach in a postsecondary institution.

The best places to pursue a PhD in Artificial Intelligence are accredited universities and colleges. Some of the top such institutions in the US include Arizona State University, Drexel University, and Syracuse University.

For students interested in a career in artificial intelligence, a computer science doctoral degree is a popular option. Many colleges and universities offer computer science doctorate programs with a focus on artificial intelligence or machine learning.

Because artificial intelligence is still a relatively new field, it’s difficult to know exactly how profitable the AI sector is. The value of artificial intelligence to the global economy will be $13 trillion by 2030, according to a report by the European Parliament. The world’s growing dependency on technological innovations and intelligent machines indicates that more growth is coming in this field.

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Our Guide to Artificial Intelligence PhD Programs

What do Tesla’s self-driving cars, Meta’s Metaverse, and Amazon’s Alexa have in common? Behind each of them are brilliant researchers, most holding a PhD in artificial intelligence. 

A PhD in artificial intelligence isn’t the only way to get to the vanguard of tech R&D — there are lots of opportunities for those holding master’s degrees , for example — but those who want to head up the most advanced, influential artificial intelligence research projects have likely spent 5-7 years of their lives in a leading university’s computer science program completing the coursework, qualifying exams, and independent research needed to earn the world’s highest academic credential.

Understandably, these kinds of programs are increasingly gaining popularity. Indeed, the percentage of graduating computer science PhDs who specialize in artificial intelligence and machine learning has grown dramatically over the last ten years: Stanford’s AI Index reports that such students made up over 20% of all CS PhD students in 2019, up 8.6% from 2010 and dwarfing all other CS specializations. 

At the same time, pursuing a PhD in artificial intelligence remains an exclusive club. With the rigorous requirements and lengthy time-to-degree (generally 4-5 years), it’s no surprise that the same survey counted less than 300 new PhD students specializing in AI or ML graduating from American computer science departments in 2019.

If you’re considering pursuing becoming one of these new AI PhDs, you’re in the right place. This guide will give you all you need to know to determine if a doctoral study in artificial intelligence is right for you, including minimum requirements for admission, typical employment opportunities and salaries upon graduation, and what to expect from a doctoral course of study. In the end, we’ll unveil our picks for the top artificial intelligence PhD programs.

What is a PhD in artificial intelligence?

A doctoral degree (often referred to by the shorthand PhD, Ph.D., DPhil, for “Doctor of Philosophy”) is generally considered the highest academic degree and almost always requires original research. While many researchers working in artificial intelligence hold PhDs, it’s actually quite rare to earn a PhD in artificial intelligence. More frequently, students enter doctoral programs in computer science where they focus on artificial intelligence.

What does an artificial intelligence PhD program entail?

Doctoral programs differ between schools and between countries. In the US, they generally last between 5 and 7 years, during which the vast majority of students receive full fellowships that include tuition remission and a small stipend to cover living costs. To earn the doctorate, students must fulfill the following general requirements:

In the early years of their program, students will take graduate-level courses in computer science, applied mathematics, and topics in artificial intelligence. Sometimes, these will include remedial courses in programming or mathematics.

Graduate-level courses might include:

Randomness and Computation

Statistical Learning Theory

Natural Language Processing

Human-Computer Interaction Research

Deep Learning

Data Mining

Qualifying Examinations

Doctoral students usually have to take two sets of examinations throughout their program. While different schools have different names for these oral and written examinations (qualifying exams, comprehensive exams, preliminary exams, etc.), they are typically consistent in their purpose. The first set of exams (breadth exams) is meant to ensure a student has a sufficient grasp of the field of computer science as a whole. The second set of exams (depth exams) is meant to ensure a student has developed expertise in relevant areas of the discipline to support their research.

Dissertation Proposal & Defense

After successfully passing the second set of exams, a doctoral student begins writing a dissertation proposal that lays out the purpose, methodology, and anticipated next steps of their research, plus a summary of any research to date. After successfully defending this proposal in front of some or all of the members of their dissertation committee, the student is considered ABD — or “all but dissertation” — and can begin writing. Some also consider completion of this phase the beginning of a student’s doctoral “candidacy.”

Dissertation & Defense

In the final years of their programs, PhD candidates write their dissertations and prepare to defend them in front of a committee of scholars assembled from their departments and the field as a whole. Sometimes candidates also give a public defense for their colleagues, friends, and family. 

After successfully defending, incorporating any changes, and depositing their dissertation with their university’s dissertation office, students are awarded their PhD. Throughout their program, these students will likely have received one or two master’s degrees “en route” to this terminal degree.

What types of jobs does an artificial intelligence PhD qualify you for?

Ten years ago, almost half of AI PhDs stayed in academia. But while universities have expanded their AI offerings over the last decade, growth in faculty headcount hasn’t kept pace with the surge in doctoral students. Instead, many newly minted PhDs have been gravitating towards industry, which offers a better (though still competitive) job market and, often, astronomic compensation in comparison. Today, in fact, the share of new AI PhDs entering industry jobs has grown to almost triple the share remaining in academia.

Image Credit: AI Index

Those who stay in academia usually do so because they enjoy teaching, enjoy the freedom to pursue research interests independent of corporate interests, like the flexibility of an academic schedule, want the security of tenure (for-life academic appointments), or a combination of these. 

While many artificial intelligence researchers will pursue post-doctorates (post-docs) after they finish their PhDs where they receive research stipends in exchange for teaching a reduced course load, their ultimate goal will typically be landing a tenure-track assistant professorship at a college or university. In the US, the average salary for an assistant professor in computer science is $86,892 . Over time, and after completing the often arduous tenure process, an AI academic can expect to rise to the rank of associate professor, and, eventually, full professor, for which the average salary is $121,458 .

As you’ll see, these salaries are substantially lower than what an AI PhD can earn in industry — but this doesn’t mean that academic positions are any less competitive. While universities are rushing to add AI faculty to provide training for interested undergraduate and graduate students, job openings aren’t keeping pace with the increasing number of PhDs these programs are pumping out. If anything, tenure-track professorships in computer science departments are more competitive than they have been in the past.

In industry, artificial intelligence PhDs often find roles as high-level machine learning engineers, research scientists, or research directors in tech companies or labs like Google’s DeepMind and Meta AI . In these positions, they typically undertake, design, and/or direct research to support new products, features, or other initiatives.

Competition for these roles is fierce, in part because compensation, though it can vary widely, is consistently high. An “entry-level” PhD research scientist at Google, for example, can expect to earn $126,000-$190,000 plus bonus, equity, and benefits. In some cases, according to AI Paygrades , PhD research scientists at top tech companies can earn close to or more than $1,000,000 annually — though, of course, these jobs are few and far between.

Who should consider an artificial intelligence PhD?

Artificial intelligence PhD programs offer students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge of artificial intelligence and machine learning, engage in cutting-edge research, and set themselves up for success in their professional lives — so it’s not surprising that top schools get thousands of applications for the very limited number of spots they have to fill each year.

Top programs typically require applicants to have a solid foundation in applied mathematics, computer science, or a related STEM field. As doctoral students generally earn relevant master’s degrees throughout their PhD studies, schools won’t require applicants hold advanced degrees, instead admitting students right out of undergrad. As with any degree program — and especially one offered by an elite university — successful applicants will have stellar academic records and, if required, strong test scores. They’ll also generally already be able to articulate the kind of research they wish to undertake, and why a specific school and its faculty would provide a suitable environment for this research.

Of course, whether you satisfy the minimum requirements to apply and whether you should apply are two different questions. AI doctoral programs are extraordinarily rigorous, and in competing against their peers for attention from professors and, ultimately, in the job market, PhD students compete against some of the most brilliant minds out there. Doctoral study in AI also requires considerable passion and discipline: it’s the PhD student themselves who will be responsible for designing a multi-year research project and working the long hours to complete it. 

Ultimately, only you can determine whether you can succeed in that environment and if the enhanced job prospects available to AI PhDs will make 5-7 years in graduate school subsisting on a meager salary worth it.

If you do decide to apply, you’ll generally be required to include the following in your application:

Undergraduate transcripts

Resume or curriculum vitae

Statement of purpose outlining research interests and why a particular school is a good match

Up to three letters of recommendation

For international students, evidence of English proficiency

What factors should you consider when researching artificial intelligence PhD programs?

When researching artificial intelligence PhD programs, students should consider the following factors:

Department Profile

While you can expect undergraduate and master’s programs to have fairly consistent curricula, at the doctoral level the research profile of the department as a whole — an emphasis on computer vision, for example — really starts influencing the kind of research you can undertake there. Oftentimes, a department’s profile is evident from its website, faculty, and course offerings, but don’t hesitate to reach out to an admissions officer to inquire whether their strengths might be a good match for your interests.

Core to ensuring a program matches your interests is ensuring that there are faculty members in the department who work in your desired subject areas. More so than in undergraduate and master’s programs, PhD students work closely with their department’s faculty, often on a first-name basis. In the end, a successful dissertation comes down in large part to having a successful relationship with your faculty advisor. As you look into different programs, see if any faculty members have similar interests to you, and, again, don’t hesitate to get into contact with any questions you have.

Industry Relationships

One of a program’s biggest advantages comes in the industry relationships they cultivate. These relationships yield not only internship opportunities, but potentially also job pipelines.  When looking at programs, check to see if they’ve listed industry relationships on their website, or email the department directly to inquire. Failing this, you might take to LinkedIn to see whether alumni list internships they had during their studies. Often, this can be a good indicator that there is an existing relationship between a school and the company.

The location of an AI PhD program is important for the kinds of industry relationships available, but, perhaps more importantly, it’s important because you will be spending a considerable portion of your life there. As you research, be realistic about whether you want to spend 5-7 years in a city. You might also take into account a city’s cost of living, knowing that your only income as you are completing your doctorate will likely be your stipend.

Top PhD programs in artificial intelligence

Given that each doctoral student will complete independent research that is meant to meaningfully contribute to existing scholarship, choosing an AI PhD program is far more of an individual decision than choosing a bachelor’s or master’s program. At the same time, there are certain computer science departments considered leaders in the field not just by fellow academics, but by corporate recruiters as well. We’ve listed them below in no particular order.

Stanford University

Stanford, California

Founded in 1965, Stanford’s Computer Science Department houses one of the highest-regarded AI programs in the country. The Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL), founded three years prior in 1962, has been considered among the most innovative AI labs for over 50 years. Faculty focus areas include computational biology, computer vision, machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics.

University of Washington

Seattle, Washington

The University of Washington’s Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering has consistently been considered one of the top computer science programs worldwide, with over 2,500 applications submitted annually for 50-60 available spots. The UW AI group focuses on machine learning, natural language processing, probabilistic reasoning, and machine reading, augmented planning and control, and computational biology, among other areas.

Cornell University

Cornell’s Computer Science Department offers PhD studies on its Ithaca campus nestled in New York State’s Finger Lakes region, as well as on Roosevelt Island in New York City. Around 30 to 40 PhD students join the program annually. Those that choose to focus on artificial intelligence are supported by a small, but accomplished AI faculty who focus on areas such as knowledge representation and reasoning, natural language processing, machine learning (the largest group), and game and decision theory with application to economics.

University of California—Berkeley

Berkeley, California

Berkeley’s Computer Science Division boasts of being one of the best in the country, with many PhD students going on to join the faculties of leading universities. Its AI PhD program, centered around the Berkeley Artificial Intelligence Research Lab (BAIR), focuses on core areas like deep learning, knowledge representation, robotics, and natural language processing, and emphasizes applying advances in AI and machine learning to real-world problems in interdisciplinary research.

The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

Champaign, Illinois

Featuring a diverse, growing AI program housed on the University of Illinois’ flagship campus, the Grainger College of Engineering’s Computer Science Department specializes in computer vision, machine listening, natural language processing, machine learning, and robotics. UI additionally houses the Center for Artificial Intelligence Innovation , which spearheads advanced AI initiatives.

Carnegie Mellon University 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Considered the birthplace of artificial intelligence, Carnegie Mellon University’s world-renowned School of Computer Science allows interested graduate students to undertake artificial intelligence research en route to a PhD in computer science with an optional certificate in the neural basis of cognition, while others have the opportunity to pursue PhDs in areas like language and information technologies, machine learning, or even joint PhDs in machine learning and public policy, neural computation, or statistics.

Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia

Georgia Tech’s artificial intelligence and machine learning program has wide-ranging foci, including models of human-level intelligence, intelligent tutoring, self-aware systems, predicting human behavior, automating creativity, and many more. Students have the opportunity to pursue a PhD in computer science, robotics, human-centered computing, or machine learning.

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What's it like to do a PhD in artificial intelligence?

UQ people Published 5 Jan, 2023  ·  4-minute read

Studying a PhD in artificial intelligence (AI) places you at the forefront of cutting-edge technology.

Artificial intelligence research continues to expand and evolve every day as we appreciate what our future could look like. This type of technology can help solve all kinds of problems, from small-scale, everyday complications to larger-than-life challenges.

An artificial intelligence PhD can kickstart your research career in this fascinating field and open many other doors as you explore new ways to problem-solve using technology.

We talked to UQ Postdoctoral Research Fellow Sam Hislop-Lynch about his experience studying a Doctor of Philosophy and what he hopes his research using artificial intelligence, and more specifically computer vision (CV), will achieve.

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ .

PhD topics in artificial intelligence

PhD research topics in artificial intelligence can vary dramatically depending on your interests. Whether you choose your own PhD topic or join an existing PhD project , you could find yourself pursuing research in the areas of:

• data management and data science
• computer vision and multimedia computation
• machine learning and data mining
• optimisation and statistics
• human-centred AI.

Sam landed on a computer vision PhD topic after working with the technology during his undergrad and postgrad studies. His research focuses on optimising traffic flow.

“Motorways often suffer from flow breakdown around ramps and weaving segments, and with our current technology, it's difficult to investigate this and propose solutions,” he says.

“I developed a suite of algorithms and software to allow researchers and practitioners to fly many drones above a motorway, stitch the imagery together and then extract vehicle trajectories from the footage.”

There are just some things that machines can achieve more efficiently and reliably than humans, and Sam’s research is testament to that.

“Ultimately, the research will reveal strategies that can be used to alleviate or prevent traffic flow breakdowns,” he says.

“This might take the form of better road design guidelines or even real-time strategies for mitigating congestion.”

It’s all about being able to see what’s working and what’s not, and it’s computer vision that allows us to do this.

These findings have a knock-on effect on the environment too. Less traffic congestion and stalling means a reduction in vehicle emissions.

At the end of the day, AI is helping us to better understand how we can use machines efficiently and responsibly, and the research undertaken during a PhD can help us to makes strides in this area.

Is a PhD in artificial intelligence worth it?

So, what are the perks of completing a PhD in AI? According to Sam, it teaches you invaluable skills in problem-solving, which can help open many other doors down the line and expand your professional network.

I began working with AI/CV technology because it allowed me to investigate problems that would otherwise be impossible to solve with human pattern recognition alone.

“AI/CV technology allows me to process large amounts of video data with only very little human input.”

Sam recognised that this type of technology was very valuable to several industries outside of transport engineering. The skills he has developed in artificial intelligence and computer vision can be applied in a range of settings and projects, to great effect.

“I’ve leveraged the knowledge that I obtained during my PhD to begin developing software for the mining industry.”

“I intend to pursue this further and expand the scope and number of products I offer,” he says.

Since the completion of his PhD, Sam has branched out into consultancy work while continuing his research. His experience is living proof that a PhD in AI is worth it, if you make the most of the professional opportunities available and think big when it comes to using the skills you’ve learned.

So, what should you consider when deciding whether a PhD in artificial intelligence is the right path for you? Sam encourages you to ask yourself the following:

• Are you interested in the topic?
• Does it align with your long-term goals?
• Where else can this knowledge be applied?
• Can the skills you will learn be used to solve other problems and leverage a better job?

Why study a PhD in artificial intelligence at UQ?

It isn’t just because we have a beautiful campus, state-of-the-art facilities, strong connections with industry leaders and a focus on professional development opportunities. Though all those things certainly help.

Read more about the benefits of studying your PhD at UQ .

Sam explains the specific benefits of studying an artificial intelligence PhD at UQ.

“Apart from the high academic standards and many knowledgeable staff to draw upon, UQ hosts the Wiener supercomputer,” he says.

“This is a purpose-built, bare-metal cluster full of graphical processing units (GPUs) which is well suited to computer vision and AI based research.”

Furthermore, UQ researchers are making strides in several disciplines with the use of AI , including health and medicine, business, society and government, mining, agriculture, defence and energy. Our people are using AI research to protect children , detect cancer and mitigate cyber-attacks .

You too could study a PhD in artificial intelligence at UQ to create positive and lasting change with your research.

Ready to follow your passion for research with a PhD in AI?

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ

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