Programmer named Tim
Jan-21-2017, 01:05 PM
Da Bishop
Jan-21-2017, 02:22 PM include the contents of prealphabet to the beginning of the alphabet function and that would solve that particular problem.
You might want to start with a smaller version of your script, say 4 or 5 letters, until you get the bugs worked out, then expand it to include all letters
Bunny Rabbit
Jan-21-2017, 02:46 PM Then you can loop over the letters and do the count update code once. You can also pass the dict as a parameter to your functions, solving the problem that sparkz_alot pointed out.
I wish you happiness.
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Programmer named Tim
Jan-21-2017, 04:00 PM
aetate et sapientia
Jan-21-2017, 08:16 PM |
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Getting error "local variable referenced before assignment - how to fix?
I'm making a gambling program (i know this shouldn't be incredibly hard), and want to have multiple games which will be in subroutines. However, python seems to think my variables are being assigned in strange places.
I am semi-new to subroutines, and still have some issues here and there. Here is what I am working with:
And here is how it is called:
I expect it to just go through, add a tally into win or loss, then update the money. However, I am getting this error: UnboundLocalError: local variable 'losses' referenced before assignment If I win, it says the same thing with local variable 'wins' .
As shown all variables are assigned at the top, then referenced below in subroutines. I am completely unsure on how python thinks I referenced it before assignment?
I would appreciate any help, thank you in advance!
- Can you post the whole code? – Manuel Fedele Commented Mar 23, 2019 at 14:55
- pastebin.com/WkrPRPfb - check this pastebin for the whole code – xupaii Commented Mar 23, 2019 at 14:57
2 Answers 2
The reason is that losses is defined as a global variable. Within functions (local scope), you can, loosely speaking, read from global variables but not modify them.
This will work:
This won't:
You should assign to your variables within your function body if you want them to have local scope. If you explicitly want to modify global variables, you need to declare them with, for example, global losses in your function body.
The variables wins , money and losses were declared outside the scope of the fiftyfifty() function, so you cannot update them from inside the function unless you explicitly declare them as global variables like this:
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IMAGES
COMMENTS
3 Isn't a global variable assigned before anything else? Yes, but that's completely irrelevant. The compiler sees an assignment within the function and marks the name as being in the local scope. You need to use the global keyword at the beginning of the function to tell the compiler that the name should be in the global scope instead.
File "weird.py", line 5, in main. print f(3) UnboundLocalError: local variable 'f' referenced before assignment. Python sees the f is used as a local variable in [f for f in [1, 2, 3]], and decides that it is also a local variable in f(3). You could add a global f statement: def f(x): return x. def main():
The "local variable referenced before assignment" error in Python is a common error that occurs when a local variable is referenced before it has been assigned a value.
Why does UnboundLocalError: Local variable Referenced Before Assignment Occur? below, are the reasons of occurring "Unboundlocalerror: Try Except Statements" in Python: Variable Assignment Inside Try Block Reassigning a Global Variable Inside Except Block Accessing a Variable Defined Inside an If Block
# Local variable referenced before assignment in Python The Python "UnboundLocalError: Local variable referenced before assignment" occurs when we reference a local variable before assigning a value to it in a function. To solve the error, mark the variable as global in the function definition, e.g. global my_var.
The "local variable referenced before assignment" error occurs when you try to use a local variable before it has been assigned a value.
Trying to assign a value to a variable that does not have local scope can result in this error: UnboundLocalError: local variable referenced before assignment. Python has a simple rule to determine the scope of a variable. If a variable is assigned in a function, that variable is local. This is because it is assumed that when you define a ...
We are defining a local variable called value and then trying to use it before it has been assigned a value, instead of using the variable that we defined in the first line.
Therefore, we have examined the local variable referenced before the assignment Exception in Python. The differences between a local and global variable declaration have been explained, and multiple solutions regarding the issue have been provided.
This article delves into various strategies to resolve the common local variable referenced before assignment error. By exploring methods such as checking variable scope, initializing variables before use, conditional assignments, and more, we aim to equip both novice and seasoned programmers with practical solutions.
What is UnboundLocalError: Local variable Referenced Before Assignment? This error occurs when a local variable is referenced before it has been assigned a value within a function or method.
This approach allows us to avoid the local variable referenced before assignment error because the variables are being passed into the function as input parameters.
The UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment occurs when you reference a variable inside a function before declaring that variable. To resolve this error, you need to use a different variable name when referencing the existing variable, or you can also specify a parameter for the function.
If you try to reference a local variable before assigning a value to it within the body of a function, you will encounter the UnboundLocalError: local variable referenced before assignment.
To fix this, you can either move the assignment of the variable x before the print statement, or give it an initial value before the print statement. def example ():
From docs: All variable assignments in a function store the value in the local symbol table; whereas variable references first look in the local symbol table, then in the global symbol table, and then in the table of built-in names. Thus, global variables cannot be directly assigned a value within a function (unless named in a global statement ...
Using a local variable before it has been assigned within a function. Declaring a local variable inside an if statement or loop, but not providing an assignment in all possible execution paths. Declaring a local variable inside a try-except block, but not providing an assignment in both the try and except blocks.
The unboundlocalerror: local variable referenced before assignment is raised when you try to use a variable before it has been assigned in the local context. Python has lexical scoping by default, which means that although an enclosed scope can access values in its enclosing scope, it cannot modify them (unless they're declared global with the ...
6. When Python sees that you are assigning to x it forces it to be a local variable name. Now it becomes impossible to see the global x in that function (unless you use the global keyword) So. Case 1) Since there is no local x, you get the global. Case 2) You are assigning to a local x so all references to x in the function will be the local one.
The letters (a-z) are defined in prealphabet and are local to that function, which means alphabet is unawares of their existence. You could include the contents of prealphabet to the beginning of the alphabet function and that would solve that particular problem.
However, I am getting this error: UnboundLocalError: local variable 'losses' referenced before assignment If I win, it says the same thing with local variable 'wins'. As shown all variables are assigned at the top, then referenced below in subroutines. I am completely unsure on how python thinks I referenced it before assignment?