Ask the publishers to restore access to 500,000+ books.
Internet Archive Audio
- This Just In
- Grateful Dead
- Old Time Radio
- 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings
- Audio Books & Poetry
- Computers, Technology and Science
- Music, Arts & Culture
- News & Public Affairs
- Spirituality & Religion
- Radio News Archive
- Flickr Commons
- Occupy Wall Street Flickr
- NASA Images
- Solar System Collection
- Ames Research Center
- All Software
- Old School Emulation
- MS-DOS Games
- Historical Software
- Classic PC Games
- Software Library
- Kodi Archive and Support File
- Vintage Software
- CD-ROM Software
- CD-ROM Software Library
- Software Sites
- Tucows Software Library
- Shareware CD-ROMs
- Software Capsules Compilation
- CD-ROM Images
- ZX Spectrum
- DOOM Level CD
- Smithsonian Libraries
- FEDLINK (US)
- Lincoln Collection
- American Libraries
- Canadian Libraries
- Universal Library
- Project Gutenberg
- Children's Library
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Books by Language
- Additional Collections
- Prelinger Archives
- Democracy Now!
- Occupy Wall Street
- TV NSA Clip Library
- Animation & Cartoons
- Arts & Music
- Computers & Technology
- Cultural & Academic Films
- Ephemeral Films
- Sports Videos
- Videogame Videos
- Youth Media
Search the history of over 866 billion web pages on the Internet.
Mobile Apps
- Wayback Machine (iOS)
- Wayback Machine (Android)
Browser Extensions
Archive-it subscription.
- Explore the Collections
- Build Collections
Save Page Now
Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.
Please enter a valid web address
- Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape
Four essays on philosophy
Bookreader item preview, share or embed this item, flag this item for.
- Graphic Violence
- Explicit Sexual Content
- Hate Speech
- Misinformation/Disinformation
- Marketing/Phishing/Advertising
- Misleading/Inaccurate/Missing Metadata
contains pen markings and highlights bleedthrough
plus-circle Add Review comment Reviews
121 Previews
6 Favorites
DOWNLOAD OPTIONS
No suitable files to display here.
EPUB and PDF access not available for this item.
IN COLLECTIONS
Uploaded by station03.cebu on October 23, 2019
SIMILAR ITEMS (based on metadata)
- Politics & Social Sciences
- Politics & Government
Sorry, there was a problem.
Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required .
Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.
Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.
Image Unavailable
- To view this video download Flash Player
Mao Tse-Tung: Four Essays on Philosophy Paperback – January 20, 2001
- Print length 144 pages
- Language English
- Publisher University Press of the Pacific
- Publication date January 20, 2001
- Dimensions 5.02 x 0.37 x 8.02 inches
- ISBN-10 0898751810
- ISBN-13 978-0898751819
- See all details
Product details
- Publisher : University Press of the Pacific (January 20, 2001)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 144 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0898751810
- ISBN-13 : 978-0898751819
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.02 x 0.37 x 8.02 inches
- #1,715 in Radical Political Thought
- #7,962 in Asian Politics
- #9,123 in Chinese History (Books)
Customer reviews
- 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 5 star 61% 0% 39% 0% 0% 61%
- 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 4 star 61% 0% 39% 0% 0% 0%
- 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 3 star 61% 0% 39% 0% 0% 39%
- 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 2 star 61% 0% 39% 0% 0% 0%
- 5 star 4 star 3 star 2 star 1 star 1 star 61% 0% 39% 0% 0% 0%
Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.
To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.
How to Write a Philosophical Essay
Authors: The Editors of 1000-Word Philosophy [1] Category: Student Resources Word Count: 998
If you want to convince someone of a philosophical thesis, such as that God exists , that abortion is morally acceptable , or that we have free will , you can write a philosophy essay. [2]
Philosophy essays are different from essays in many other fields, but with planning and practice, anyone can write a good one. This essay provides some basic instructions. [3]
1. Planning
Typically, your purpose in writing an essay will be to argue for a certain thesis, i.e., to support a conclusion about a philosophical claim, argument, or theory. [4] You may also be asked to carefully explain someone else’s essay or argument. [5]
To begin, select a topic. Most instructors will be happy to discuss your topic with you before you start writing. Sometimes instructors give specific prompts with topics to choose from.
It’s generally best to select a topic that you’re interested in; you’ll put more energy into writing it. Your topic will determine what kind of research or preparation you need to do before writing, although in undergraduate philosophy courses, you usually don’t need to do outside research. [6]
Essays that defend or attack entire theories tend to be longer, and are more difficult to write convincingly, than essays that defend or attack particular arguments or objections: narrower is usually better than broader.
After selecting a topic, complete these steps:
- Ensure that you understand the relevant issues and arguments. Usually, it’s enough to carefully read and take notes on the assigned readings on your essay’s topic.
- Choose an initial thesis. Generally, you should choose a thesis that’s interesting, but not extremely controversial. [7] You don’t have to choose a thesis that you agree with, but it can help. (As you plan and write, you may decide to revise your thesis. This may require revising the rest of your essay, but sometimes that’s necessary, if you realize you want to defend a different thesis than the one you initially chose.)
- Ensure that your thesis is a philosophical thesis. Natural-scientific or social-scientific claims, such as that global warming is occurring or that people like to hang out with their friends , are not philosophical theses. [8] Philosophical theses are typically defended using careful reasoning, and not primarily by citing scientific observations.
Instructors will usually not ask you to come up with some argument that no philosopher has discovered before. But if your essay ignores what the assigned readings say, that suggests that you haven’t learned from those readings.
2. Structure
Develop an outline, rather than immediately launching into writing the whole essay; this helps with organizing the sections of your essay.
Your structure will probably look something like the following, but follow your assignment’s directions carefully. [9]
2.1. Introduction and Thesis
Write a short introductory paragraph that includes your thesis statement (e.g., “I will argue that eating meat is morally wrong”). The thesis statement is not a preview nor a plan; it’s not “I will consider whether eating meat is morally wrong.”
If your thesis statement is difficult to condense into one sentence, then it’s likely that you’re trying to argue for more than one thesis. [10]
2.2. Arguments
Include at least one paragraph that presents and explains an argument. It should be totally clear what reasons or evidence you’re offering to support your thesis.
In most essays for philosophy courses, you only need one central argument for your thesis. It’s better to present one argument and defend it well than present many arguments in superficial and incomplete ways.
2.3. Objection
Unless the essay must be extremely short, raise an objection to your argument. [11] Be clear exactly which part of the other argument (a premise, or the form) is being questioned or denied and why. [12]
It’s usually best to choose either one of the most common or one of the best objections. Imagine what a smart person who disagreed with you would say in response to your arguments, and respond to them.
Offer your own reply to any objections you considered. If you don’t have a convincing reply to the objection, you might want to go back and change your thesis to something more defensible.
2.5. Additional Objections and Replies
If you have space, you might consider and respond to the second-best or second-most-common objection to your argument, and so on.
2.6. Conclusion
To conclude, offer a paragraph summarizing what you did. Don’t include any new or controversial claims here, and don’t claim that you did more than you actually accomplished. There should be no surprises at the end of a philosophy essay.
Make your writing extremely clear and straightforward. Use simple sentences and don’t worry if they seem boring: this improves readability. [13] Every sentence should contribute in an obvious way towards supporting your thesis. If a claim might be confusing, state it in more than one way and then choose the best version.
To check for readability, you might read the essay aloud to an audience. Don’t try to make your writing entertaining: in philosophy, clear arguments are fun in themselves.
Concerning objections, treat those who disagree with you charitably. Make it seem as if you think they’re smart, careful, and nice, which is why you are responding to them.
Your readers, if they’re typical philosophers, will be looking for any possible way to object to what you say. Try to make your arguments “airtight.”
4. Citations
If your instructor tells you to use a certain citation style, use it. No citation style is universally accepted in philosophy. [14]
You usually don’t need to directly quote anyone. [15] You can paraphrase other authors; where you do, cite them.
Don’t plagiarize . [16] Most institutions impose severe penalties for academic dishonesty.
5. Conclusion
A well-written philosophy essay can help people gain a new perspective on some important issue; it might even change their minds. [17] And engaging in the process of writing a philosophical essay is one of the best ways to develop, understand, test, and sometimes change, your own philosophical views. They are well worth the time and effort.
[1] Primary author: Thomas Metcalf. Contributing authors: Chelsea Haramia, Dan Lowe, Nathan Nobis, Kristin Seemuth Whaley.
[2] You can also do some kind of oral presentation, either “live” in person or recorded on video. An effective presentation, however, requires the type of planning and preparation that’s needed to develop an effective philosophy paper: indeed, you may have to first write a paper and then use it as something like a script for your presentation. Some parts of the paper, e.g., section headings, statements of arguments, key quotes, and so on, you may want to use as visual aids in your presentation to help your audience better follow along and understand.
[3] Many of these recommendations are, however, based on the material in Horban (1993), Huemer (n.d.), Pryor (n.d.), and Rippon (2008). There is very little published research to cite about the claims in this essay, because these claims are typically justified by instructors’ experience, not, say, controlled experiments on different approaches to teaching philosophical writing. Therefore, the guidance offered here has been vetted by many professional philosophers with a collective hundreds of hours of undergraduate teaching experience and further collective hundreds of hours of taking philosophy courses. The editors of 1000-Word Philosophy also collectively have thousands of hours of experience in writing philosophy essays.
[4] For more about the areas of philosophy, see What is Philosophy? by Thomas Metcalf.
[5] For an explanation of what is meant by an “argument” in philosophy, see Arguments: Why Do You Believe What You Believe? by Thomas Metcalf.
[6] Outside research is sometimes discouraged, and even prohibited, for philosophy papers in introductory courses because a common goal of a philosophy paper is not to report on a number of views on a philosophical issue—so philosophy papers usually are not “research reports”—but to rather engage a specific argument or claim or theory, in a more narrow and focused way, and show that you understand the issue and have engaged in critically. If a paper engages in too much reporting of outside research, that can get in the way of this critical evaluation task.
[7] There are two reasons to avoid extremely controversial theses. First, such theses are usually more difficult to defend adequately. Second, you might offend your instructor, who might (fairly or not) give you a worse grade. So, for example, you might argue that abortion is usually permissible, or usually wrong, but you probably shouldn’t argue that anyone who has ever said the word ‘abortion’ should be tortured to death, and you probably shouldn’t argue that anyone who’s ever pregnant should immediately be forced to abort the pregnancy, because both of these claims are extremely implausible and so it’s very unlikely that good arguments could be developed for them. But theses that are controversial without being implausible can be interesting for both you and the instructor, depending on how you develop and defend your argument or arguments for that thesis.
[8] Whether a thesis is philosophical mostly depends on whether it is a lot like theses that have been defended in important works of philosophy. That means it would be a thesis about metaphysics, epistemology, value theory, logic, history of philosophy, or something therein. For more information, see Philosophy and Its Contrast with Science and What is Philosophy? both by Thomas Metcalf.
[9] Also, read the grading rubric, if it’s available. If your course uses an online learning environment, such as Canvas, Moodle, or Schoology, then the rubric will often be visible as attached to the assignment itself. The rubric is a breakdown of the different requirements of the essay and how each is weighted and evaluated by the instructor. So, for example, if some requirement has a relatively high weight, you should put more effort into doing a good job. Similarly, some requirement might explicitly mention some step for the assignment that you need to complete in order to get full credit.
[10] In some academic fields, a “thesis” or “thesis statement” is considered both your conclusion and a statement of the basic support you will give for that conclusion. In philosophy, your thesis is usually just that conclusion: e..g, “Eating meat is wrong,” “God exists,” “Nobody has free will,” and so on: the support given for that conclusion is the support for your thesis.
[11] To be especially clear, this should be an objection to the argument given for your thesis or conclusion, not an objection to your thesis or conclusion itself. This is because you don’t want to give an argument and then have an objection that does not engage that argument, but instead engages something else, since that won’t help your reader or audience better understand and evaluate that argument.
[12] For more information about premises, forms, and objections, see Arguments: Why do You Believe What You Believe? by Thomas Metcalf.
[13] For a philosophical argument in favor of clear philosophical writing, and guidance on producing such writing, see Fischer and Nobis (2019).
[14] The most common styles in philosophy are APA (Purdue Online Writing Lab, n.d.a) and Chicago (Purdue Online Writing Lab, n.d.b.).
[15] You might choose to directly quote someone when it’s very important that the reader know that the quoted author actually said what you claim they said. For example, if you’re discussing some author who made some startling claim, you can directly quote them to show that they really said that. You might also directly quote someone when they presented some information or argument in a very concise, well-stated way, such that paraphrasing it would take up more space than simply quoting them would.
[16] Plagiarism, in general, occurs when someone submits written or spoken work that is largely copied, in style, substance, or both, from some other author’s work, and does not attribute it to that author. However, your institution or instructor may define “plagiarism” somewhat differently, so you should check with their definitions. When in doubt, check with your instructor first.
[17] These are instructions for relatively short, introductory-level philosophy essays. For more guidance, there are many useful philosophy-writing guides online to consult, e.g.: Horban (1993); Huemer (n.d.); Pryor (n.d.); Rippon (2008); Weinberg (2019).
Fischer, Bob and Nobis, Nathan. (2019, June 4). Why writing better will make you a better person. The Chronicle of Higher Education .
Horban, Peter. (1993). Writing a philosophy paper. Simon Fraser University Department of Philosophy .
Huemer, Michael. (N.d.). A guide to writing. Owl232.net .
Pryor, Jim. (N.d.). Guidelines on writing a philosophy paper. Jimpryor.net .
Purdue Online Writing Lab. (N.d.a.). General format. Purdue Online Writing Lab .
Purdue Online Writing Lab. (N.d.b.). General format. Purdue Online Writing Lab .
Rippon, Simon. (2008). A brief guide to writing the philosophy paper. Harvard College Writing Center .
Weinberg, Justin. (2019, January 15). How to write a philosophy paper: Online guides. Daily Nous .
Related Essays
Arguments: Why do You Believe What You Believe? by Thomas Metcalf
Philosophy and its Contrast with Science by Thomas Metcalf
What is Philosophy? By Thomas Metcalf
Translation
Pdf download.
Download this essay in PDF .
Follow 1000-Word Philosophy on Facebook and Twitter and subscribe to receive email notifications of new essays at 1000WordPhilosophy.com .
Share this:.
- Advanced Search
- All new items
- Journal articles
- Manuscripts
- All Categories
- Metaphysics and Epistemology
- Epistemology
- Metaphilosophy
- Metaphysics
- Philosophy of Action
- Philosophy of Language
- Philosophy of Mind
- Philosophy of Religion
- Value Theory
- Applied Ethics
- Meta-Ethics
- Normative Ethics
- Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
- Philosophy of Law
- Social and Political Philosophy
- Value Theory, Miscellaneous
- Science, Logic, and Mathematics
- Logic and Philosophy of Logic
- Philosophy of Biology
- Philosophy of Cognitive Science
- Philosophy of Computing and Information
- Philosophy of Mathematics
- Philosophy of Physical Science
- Philosophy of Social Science
- Philosophy of Probability
- General Philosophy of Science
- Philosophy of Science, Misc
- History of Western Philosophy
- Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
- Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
- 17th/18th Century Philosophy
- 19th Century Philosophy
- 20th Century Philosophy
- History of Western Philosophy, Misc
- Philosophical Traditions
- African/Africana Philosophy
- Asian Philosophy
- Continental Philosophy
- European Philosophy
- Philosophy of the Americas
- Philosophical Traditions, Miscellaneous
- Philosophy, Misc
- Philosophy, Introductions and Anthologies
- Philosophy, General Works
- Teaching Philosophy
- Philosophy, Miscellaneous
- Other Academic Areas
- Natural Sciences
- Social Sciences
- Cognitive Sciences
- Formal Sciences
- Arts and Humanities
- Professional Areas
- Other Academic Areas, Misc
- Submit a book or article
- Upload a bibliography
- Personal page tracking
- Archives we track
- Information for publishers
- Introduction
- Submitting to PhilPapers
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Subscriptions
- Editor's Guide
- The Categorization Project
- For Publishers
- For Archive Admins
- PhilPapers Surveys
- Bargain Finder
- About PhilPapers
- Create an account
Four essays on philosophy
Author's profile.
Reprint years
Call number, other versions.
reprint |
PhilArchive
External links.
- This entry has no external links. Add one .
Through your library
- Sign in / register and customize your OpenURL resolver
- Configure custom resolver
Similar books and articles
Citations of this work.
No citations found.
References found in this work
No references found.
- Table of Contents
- Random Entry
- Chronological
- Editorial Information
- About the SEP
- Editorial Board
- How to Cite the SEP
- Special Characters
- Advanced Tools
- Support the SEP
- PDFs for SEP Friends
- Make a Donation
- SEPIA for Libraries
What's New Archives Random Entry
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work.
Co-Principal Editors: Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman
Masthead | Editorial Board
Current Operations Are Supported By:
- The Offices of the Provost, the Dean of Humanities and Sciences, and the Dean of Research, Stanford University
- The SEP Library Fund: containing contributions from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the membership dues of academic libraries that have joined SEPIA .
- The John Perry Fund and The SEP Fund: containing contributions from individual donors.
- The O.C. Tanner SEP Fund: containing a gift from the O.C. Tanner Company.
- The Friends of the SEP Society Fund: containing membership dues from individuals who have joined the Friends of the SEP Society to obtain such member benefits as nicely formatted PDF versions of SEP entries.
The SEP gratefully acknowledges founding support from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Science Foundation, The American Philosophical Association/Pacific Division, The Canadian Philosophical Association, and the Philosophy Documentation Center. Fundraising efforts were supported by a grant from The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
- Accessibility
Support SEP
Mirror sites.
View this site from another server:
- Info about mirror sites
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is copyright © 2024 by The Metaphysics Research Lab , Department of Philosophy, Stanford University
Library of Congress Catalog Data: ISSN 1095-5054
Political philosophy
C L R James and America
The brilliant Trinidadian thinker is remembered as an admirer of the US but he also warned of its dark political future
Harvey Neptune
Thinkers and theories
Rawls the redeemer
For John Rawls, liberalism was more than a political project: it is the best way to fashion a life that is worthy of happiness
Alexandre Lefebvre
Knowledge is often a matter of discovery. But when the nature of an enquiry itself is at question, it is an act of creation
Céline Henne
History of ideas
All that we are
The philosophy of personalism inspired Martin Luther King’s dream of a better world. We still need its hopeful ideas today
Bennett Gilbert
Paper trails
Husserl’s well-tended archive has given him a rich afterlife, while Nietzsche’s was distorted by his axe-grinding sister
Peter Salmon
Philosophy of mind
Do plants have minds?
In the 1840s, the iconoclastic scientist Gustav Fechner made an inspired case for taking seriously the interior lives of plants
Rachael Petersen
Beyond the veil – what rules would govern John Rawls’s ‘realistic Utopia’?
A rare female scholar of the Roman Empire, Hypatia lived and died as a secular voice
Metaphysics
The enchanted vision
Love is much more than a mere emotion or moral ideal. It imbues the world itself and we should learn to move with its power
Mark Vernon
Philosophy is an art
For Margaret Macdonald, philosophical theories are akin to stories, meant to enlarge certain aspects of human life
Simple entities in universal harmony – Leibniz’s evocative perspective on reality
Our tools shape our selves
For Bernard Stiegler, a visionary philosopher of our digital age, technics is the defining feature of human experience
Bryan Norton
Stories and literature
Terrifying vistas of reality
H P Lovecraft, the master of cosmic horror stories, was a philosopher who believed in the total insignificance of humanity
Sam Woodward
A man beyond categories
Paul Tillich was a religious socialist and a profoundly subtle theologian who placed doubt at the centre of his thought
Social psychology
The magic of the mundane
Pioneering sociologist Erving Goffman realised that every action is deeply revealing of the social norms by which we live
Lucy McDonald
For Iris Murdoch, selfishness is a fault that can be solved by reframing the world
Against power
As a republican, Sophie de Grouchy argued that sympathy, not domination, must be the glue that holds society together
Sandrine Bergès & Eric Schliesser
‘My art is oratory, Socrates.’ An ancient warning on the power and peril of rhetoric
What awaits us?
Humanity’s future remains as unthinkable as the still-uncolonised galaxy or the enduring mystery of our own births and deaths
Jennifer Banks
On knowing who he was
Alan Watts, for all his faults, was a wildly imaginative and provocative thinker who reimagined religion in a secular age
Christopher Harding
We’ll meet again
The intrepid logician Kurt Gödel believed in the afterlife. In four heartfelt letters to his mother he explained why
Alexander T Englert
Dancing and time
For Rachel Bespaloff, philosophy was a sensual activity shaped by the rhythm of history, embodied in an instant of freedom
Isabel Jacobs
War and peace
The two Chomskys
The US military’s greatest enemy worked in an institution saturated with military funding. How did it shape his thought?
Chris Knight
Comparative philosophy
Forging philosophy
A 17th-century classic of Ethiopian philosophy might be a fake. Does it matter, or is that just how philosophy works?
Jonathan Egid
Our systems are now restored following recent technical disruption, and we’re working hard to catch up on publishing. We apologise for the inconvenience caused. Find out more: https://www.cambridge.org/universitypress/about-us/news-and-blogs/cambridge-university-press-publishing-update-following-technical-disruption
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings .
Login Alert
- > Philosophy in History
- > The historiography of philosophy: four genres
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Notes on contributors
- Introduction
- 1 Philosophy and its history
- 2 The relationship of philosophy to its past
- 3 The historiography of philosophy: four genres
- 4 Why do we study the history of philosophy?
- 5 Five parables
- 6 Seven thinkers and how they grew: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz; Locke, Berkeley, Hume; Kant
- 7 ‘Interesting questions’ in the history of philosophy and elsewhere
- 8 The Divine Corporation and the history of ethics
- 9 The idea of negative liberty: philosophical and historical perspectives
3 - The historiography of philosophy: four genres
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 December 2009
Rational and historical reconstructions
Analytic philosophers who have attempted ‘rational reconstructions’ of the arguments of great dead philosophers have done so in the hope of treating these philosophers as contemporaries, as colleagues with whom they can exchange views. They have argued that unless one does this one might as well turn over the history of philosophy to historians – whom they picture as mere doxographers, rather than seekers after philosophical truth. Such reconstructions, however, have led to charges of anachronism. Analytic historians of philosophy are frequently accused of beating texts into the shape of propositions currently being debated in the philosophical journals. It is urged that we should not force Aristotle or Kant to take sides in current debates within philosophy of language or metaethics. There seems to be a dilemma: either we anachronistically impose enough of our problems and vocabulary on the dead to make them conversational partners, or we confine our interpretive activity to making their falsehoods look less silly by placing them in the context of the benighted times in which they were written.
Those alternatives, however, do not constitute a dilemma. We should do both of these things, but do them separately. We should treat the history of philosophy as we treat the history of science. In the latter field, we have no reluctance in saying that we know better than our ancestors what they were talking about.
Access options
Save book to kindle.
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle .
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service .
- The historiography of philosophy: four genres
- By Richard Rorty
- Edited by Richard Rorty , Jerome B. Schneewind , Quentin Skinner
- Book: Philosophy in History
- Online publication: 03 December 2009
- Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625534.006
Save book to Dropbox
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox .
Save book to Google Drive
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive .
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Four Essays On Philosophy by Mao Tse-Tung. Publication date 1966 Topics marxism, communism, mao zedong, mao tse-tung Collection opensource Item Size 68068794. A collection of essays on philosophy by Mao Zedong. Has some underlining. Addeddate 2022-03-05 16:25:15 Identifier
Four essays on philosophy Bookreader Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Share to Twitter. Share to Facebook. Share to Reddit. Share to Tumblr. Share to Pinterest. Share via email. EMBED. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org ...
Originally published in China in 1966, this book contains four essays on philosophy by Mao Tse-tung. They include "On Practice," "On Contradiction," "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People," and "Where Do Correct Ideas Come From?"
n philosophical writing:Avoid direct quotes. If you need to quote, quote sparingly, and follow your quotes by expla. ning what the author means in your own words. (There are times when brief direct quotes can be helpful, for example when you want to present and interpret a potential amb.
Welcome to 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology, an ever-growing set of over 190 original 1000-word essays on philosophical questions, theories, figures, and arguments, including ethics and moral philosophy, theories of justice, political philosophy, logic, critical thinking, philosophy of religion, philosophy of race and gender, and more.
Four Dissertations is a collection of four essays by the 18th-century Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume, first published in 1757. [1] The four essays are: ... Gracyk, Ted (2006). "Hume's Aesthetics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2006 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). References External links. On-line edition of ...
MAO TSE-TUNG: FOUR ESSAYS ON PHILOSOPHY. 1968. From inside the book . Contents. ON PRACTICE . 1: ON CONTRADICTION . 23: Can Bad Things Be Turned into Good Things? 125: Other editions - View all. Mao TSE Tung Four Essays on China world Communism Snippet view - 1972. Mao Tse-Tung: Four Essays on Philosophy
1. Planning. Typically, your purpose in writing an essay will be to argue for a certain thesis, i.e., to support a conclusion about a philosophical claim, argument, or theory.[4] You may also be asked to carefully explain someone else's essay or argument.[5] To begin, select a topic. Most instructors will be happy to discuss your topic with ...
Guide to researching and writing Philosophy essays. 5th edition by Steven Tudor, for the Philosophy program, University of Melbourne, 2003. This fifth edition of How to Write a Philosophy Essay: A Guide for Students (previous editions titled A Guide to Researching and Writing Philosophy Essays) was prepared in consultation with members of the ...
Yuan - 1979 - Chinese Studies in Philosophy 10 (2):76-91. Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thougt Propaganda. Wei-Xiong Hu - 2006 - Modern Philosophy 2:17-24. Five Essays on Philosophy. Tse-Tung Mao - 1977 - China Books & Periodicals. Conceptual Decolonization in African Philosophy: Four Essays. Kwasi Wiredu - 1995 - Ibadan, Nigeria: Hope Publications.
RCES303234CONTACT THE AUTHORS35From the AuthorsThis guide began as a collection of supplementary mater. al for a one-off workshop on essay-writing in philosophy. It is now presented to you as a han. book for students on the basics of philosophical writing. As supervisors ourselves, the four of us began the project out of a desire to offer extra ...
4 A Guide To Philosophical Writing 5 1 The purpose of your paper is what you aim to accomplish in it and why. The point of an introduction is to make your purpose clear to your reader. 1. Aims in General Generally speaking, the aim of every philosophy paper is to defend some thesis by setting out reasons in favor of it. This
This short book, written by recent Cambridge PhD students, is designed to introduce students to the process of writing an essay in philosophy. Containing many annotated examples, this guide demonstrates some of the Do's and Don'ts of essay writing, with particular attention paid to the early stages of the writing process (including the creation ...
Some philosophy professors have been assigning their students four-sentence papers to write. Why do this? In a 2015 paper, Dennis Earl, professor of philosophy at Coastal Carolina University writes: Most everyone reading this who is a philosopher surely assigns argumentative, "thesis defense" papers. Most everyone reading this surely struggles with grading such papers, and most
Create thesis statements that are manageable and sufficiently specific. Collect evidence and formulate arguments. Organize ideas into a coherent written presentation. This section will provide some practical advice on how to write philosophy papers. The format presented here focuses on the use of an argumentative structure in writing.
Guide for Writing in Philosophy. In philosophy essays you are could be seen as a thesis) or ask a question (about the meaning of a text or an idea suggested by a text). For example, you could frame your essay by stating: "This essay explores how, in Plato's Phaedo, the split between body and soul is put into question rather than affirmed ...
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work. Co-Principal Editors:Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman. Masthead | Editorial Board.
Structure Structure. Avoid rambling introductions and conclusions. Some books begin with a portentous opening sentence e.g., 'Philosophy, from the earliest times, has made greater claims, and achieved fewer results, than any other branch of learning.' (B. Russell) You can get away with such a sentence as the opening line of a 400 page book, but not as the opening line of a 4 page essay.
A 17th-century classic of Ethiopian philosophy might be a fake. Does it matter, or is that just how philosophy works? Philosophy Essays from Aeon. World-leading thinkers explore life's big questions and the history of ideas from Socrates to Simone de Beauvoir, political philosophy to philosophy of mind, the Western canon and the non-Western ...
Two major ideas emerged from Four Essays on Liberty that have had profound and lasting impact on political philosophy. The first idea was the concept of "negative" and "positive" liberty ...
by James A. Harris. University of St Andrews. 1. In 1741 Hume published a volume of Essays, Moral and Political, year later he published a second. Like A Treatise of Human Nature, umes of essays appeared anonymously; unlike the Treatise, they were lished in Edinburgh. Among the essays in the second volume are four.
Essays in the Historiography of Philosophy. 3 - The historiography of philosophy: four genres. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 December 2009. By. Richard Rorty. Edited by. Richard Rorty, Jerome B. Schneewindand. Quentin Skinner.