case study on green revolution class 12

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CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for 2023 Solutions - Economics

CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for 2022 Boards [Term 2] - Economics

Question 34 [Case Based] - CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper for 2023 Solutions - Economics - Solutions to CBSE Sample Paper - Economics Class 12

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding:

The green revolution in india began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in india to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. the need for introduction of green revolution in india arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. the government in the post-independent india wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by dr. norman borlung and his associates in mexico. these seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. high yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in india in the states of punjab, haryana and parts of western uttar pradesh., in the early period of the green revolution in india, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. the argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. the seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in punjab were not highyielding by themselves. these high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. the green revolution in india, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in india. on one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like food corporation of india. these food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in india, which helped in the situations of adversities. , a. why was green revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers, b. justify the following statement with valid explanation:, ‘green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during time of shortage’..

a. Green revolution was implemented in India to overcome the shortage of food-grain availability in the post-independence period. Green revolution has increased the production and productivity in the agriculture sector which was otherwise very low. It helped in improving the income of the farmers by creating marketable surplus, increased employment and output.

b. The given statement is appropriate as the Green Revolution helped government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. Increase in food grain production has been so substantial that India not only started maintaining buffer stocks of food grains but also became a dominant player in food grain exports market.

Maninder Singh

CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant for the past 14 years and a teacher from the past 18 years. He teaches Science, Economics, Accounting and English at Teachoo

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Green Revolution in India : A Case Study

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Features of the Green Revolution

The introduction of the HYV seeds for the first time in Indian agriculture. These seeds had more success with the wheat crop and were highly effective in regions that had proper irrigation. So the first stage of the Green Revolution was focused on states with better infra – like Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
During the second phase, the HYV seeds were given to several other states. And other crops than wheat were also included into the plan
One basic requirement for the HYV seeds is proper irrigation . Crops from HYV seeds need alternating amounts of water supply during its growth. So the farms cannot depend on monsoons. The Green Revolution vastly improved the inland irrigation systems around farms in India.
The emphasis of the plan was mostly on food grains such as wheat and rice. Cash crops and commercial crops like cotton , jute, oilseeds etc were not a part of the plan
Increased availability and use of fertilizers to enhance the productivity of the farms
Use of pesticides and weedicides to reduce any loss or damage to the crops
And finally the introduction of technology and machinery like tractors, harvesters, drills etc. This helped immensely to promote commercial farming in the country.

Market Surplus

The Green Revolution by and far was a success. But now there was another aspect to it. The government had to ensure that the benefit of the higher productivity was passed on to the general public. If the farmers kept the grains for themselves then the benefit of the higher productivity would be lost.

But thankfully this did not happen. Due to the high yield and productivity of the farms, the farmers started selling their produce in the markets. The portion of the produce which is sold by them is known as market surplus.

And so the higher output caused due to the Green Revolution started benefiting the economy. There was a decline in the prices of grains and such food products. The common man was able to easily afford to buy them. The government was even able to stock grains and build a food bank in case of future food shortages.

Impact of the Green Revolution

Increase in Agricultural Production : Foodgrains in India saw a great rise in output. It was a remarkable increase. The biggest beneficiary of the plan was the Wheat Grain. The production of wheat increased to 55 million tonnes in 1990 from just 11 million tonnes in 1960.
Increase in per Acre Yield: Not only did the Green Revolution increase the total agricultural output, it also increased the per hectare yield. In case of wheat, the per hectare yield increased from 850 kg/hectare to an incredible 2281 kg/hectare by 1990.
Less Dependence on Imports: After the green revolution, India was finally on its way to self-sufficiency. There was now enough production for the population and to build a stock in case of emergencies. We did not need to import grains or depend on other countries for our food supply. In fact, India was able to start exporting its agricultural produce.
Employment: It was feared that commercial farming would leave a lot of the labour force jobless. But on the other hand, we saw a rise in rural employment. This is because the supporting industries created employment opportunities. Irrigation, transportation, food processing, marketing all created new jobs for the workforce.
A Benefit to the Farmers: The Green Revolution majorly benefited the farmers. Their income saw a significant raise. Not only were they surviving, they were prospering. It enabled them to shift to commercial farming from only sustenance farming.

Solved Question for You

Q: Which of the following grains were produced the most during the Indian green revolution?

Wheat and Jute
Rice and Oilseeds
Wheat and Rice
Jute and Cotton

Ans: The correct option is C. The two grains that benefitted the most in the Green Revolution were Wheat and Rice. In fact many believe rather than Green Revolution, Grain Revolution is the more suited name.

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EVS Project On Green Revolution For Class 11th & 12th CBSE

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

The green revolution was a period when the productivity of global agriculture increased drastically as a result of new advances. During this period , new chemical fertilizers and pesticides were created. The chemical fertilizer made it possible to supply crops with extra nutrients and therefore, increase yield. The newly developed pesticides controlled weeds, deterred or kill insects, and prevented disease which also resulted in higher productivity. It is an important part of EVS subject to have a project on green revolution with a project report on green revolution for class 11 and 12.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

The beginnings of the Green Revolution are often attributed to Norman Borlaug American scientist interested in agriculture. Dr. Norman E. Borlaug receives the congressional Gold Medal in 2007 Borlaug a 1970 Nobel laureate was honored for his work in the Green Revolution saving millions of lives from famine in India Mexico and the Middle East.

GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

project on green revolution for 12th evs project pdf. Project report on green revolution is included.

In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indira Gandhi decided to major steps on agriculture conditions.
Thus Green Revolution was applied to the period from 1967 to 1978 basically in the parts of Haryana and Punjab.
At this stage, concern was on Wheat and Rice.
Dr. MS Swaminathan from India led Green Revolution as a project.

METHODS USED IN THE GREEN REVOLUTION

Multiple cropping systems: since India had only one rainy season every year farmers in the country practice one crop season per year. However, the Green Revolution introduced huger irrigation projects to make water available for other crops. Hence farmlands now had two crop seasons per year.
Seeds with superior genetics: the Indian Council for Agricultural Research, which the British had established in 1929, was recognized in 1963 and 1975. The council developed new strains of high-yield variety seeds mainly wheat and rice and also millet and corn.
Proper Irrigation system: the artificial monsoon came in the form of huge irrigation facilities dams were built to arrest large volumes of natural monsoon water which were earlier being wasted.
HYV seeds: the council developed new strains of high yield variety seeds many wheat and rice but also millet and corn were developed.
Pesticides and fertilizers: use of pesticides and weedicides to reduce any loss or damage to the crops. Increased availability and use of fertilizers to enhance the productivity of the farms.
Modern Machines: Finally the introduction of technology and machinery like tractors harvesters, drills, etc. helped immensely to promote commercial farming in the country.
Expansion of farming areas: In past independence, India needed to expand its cultivable land to meet the rising demand .

GENERAL REVOLUTION

A large increase in food production in developed and developing countries was achieved by using modern agricultural techniques.

CAUSES OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

Irrigation Better irrigation facilities are responsible for the green revolution. In 1965-66, 22 lakh hectares area had irrigation facility while 76 lakh hectares area got this facility in the year 2002-03 tube well irrigation has rapidly increased.
Agricultural Machinery In Punjab agriculture is mechanized. Tractors, harvesting combines tube wells and pumping sets and threshers, etc. are intensively used in Punjab. Punjab has the largest number of tractors In 1966 there were 10 thousand tractors, while in 2002-03, it increased to 3.54 lakhs.
Fertilizers The use of chemical fertilizers has increased the production of food grains to large extent. In 1965-66 chemical fertilizers were used 97 thousand tonnes. In 2002-03 their use increased to 1441 thousand tonnes.
High yielding variety of seeds (HYV) The use of HYV seeds has played a major role in increasing agricultural production. For example, the per hectare yield of wheat has increased from 1200 Kgs to 4500 Kgm. In the case of rice, the yield increased from 1000 Kgs to 3500 Kgs. So HYV seeds have increased production tremendously.
Plant protection There was no arrangement to protect the plants against disease in previous times. So crops were damaged on large scale. Now there are proper arrangements to protect the plants against diseases and pests. Pesticides are sprayed to protect the plants. Plant clinics are opened to provide expert advice to farms against diseases.
Research Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Ludhiana has done a lot of research on agricultural problems. The university provided better quality seeds for wheat rice cotton gram, maize, sugarcane, and oilseeds. The university organizes Kisan meals twice a year to provide knowledge of new agricultural techniques to farmers.
New techniques Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana has been imparting training to farmers under the Intensive Agriculture district program (IADP). Under this program, much attention is paid to crop rotation, chemical fertilizers use of HYV seeds and water, etc.
Multiple cropping Proper arrangement of irrigation and use of HYV seeds, enabled the farmers to grow more than one crop in a year.
Price Incentive Rich harvest can bring down the price to avoid this prices of various agricultural produces are fixed by agriculture cost and price commission Govt buys agriculture to produce a minimum price fixed by the commission through agencies like food corporation of India, Mark fed and puns up, etc.

RESULT/EVALUATION OF GREEN REVOLUTION

Statistical Result The green revolution resulted in a received grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79. This established India as one of the world’s biggest agricultural producers. No other country in the world which attempted the green Revolution recorded such a level of success.
Economical Result The increase in irrigation created the need for new dams to harness monsoon water. This in turn boosted industrial growth, created jobs, and improved the quality of life of the people. India paid back all loans taken from the world bank for the green revolution.
Sociological result The Green Revolution created plenty of jobs not only for agricultural workers but also for industrial workers. The creation of lateral facilities such as factories and hydroelectric power stations helps to uplift the social as well as the economic condition.
Political Result India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. The green revolution was one factor that made Mrs. Indira Gandhi (1917-84) and her party, a very powerful political force in India.
Other Result Poorer farmers cannot achieve yields as high as those with better access to water, fertilizer, and land. More people own land but it is being divided into smaller and smaller plots This is because of population growth and land redistribution schemes.

EFFECTS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

what is green revolution class 12, find answer to it in our project for green revolution and project report on green revolution is included.

Increase in production The first major direct effect of the green revolution has been the sharp increase in agricultural production. As a result of the new agricultural strategy, food grains output increased substantially. So far as food grains are concerned, wheat seems to have made rapid strides with its production increasing from 11.1 million tons in the third plan (annual average ) to 63 million tons in 1995-96
Increase in per Acre yield Not only did the Green Revolution increase the total agricultural output, but it also increased the per hectare yield. In the case of wheat, the per hectare yield increased from 850 kg/hectare to an incredible 2281 kg/hectare by 1990.
Rural Employment Capital-intensive techniques of the new agricultural strategy are supposed to be also at the same time labor-intensive. This new technology is characterized by frequent application of water fertilizers, insecticides, double cropping larger volumes of transportation, marketing, and food processing. This will lead to increased income among agricultural laborers and small farmers.
Less dependence on Imports After the green revolution, India was finally on its way to self-sufficiency, there was now enough production for the population and to build stock in case of emergency we did not need to import grains or depend on other countries for our food supply. India was able to start exporting its agricultural produce.
Development of industries An important aspect of the new agricultural strategy is the stress it lays, on making agriculture dependent on industries for its inputs. Traditional Indian agriculture was self-sufficient in the matter of its input requirements. But the new strategy attaches great importance to industrial products as agricultural inputs.
A benefit to the farmers The Green Revolution majorly benefited the farmers. Their income saw a significant raise. Not only were they surviving, but they were also prospering which enabled them to shift to commercial farming from only sustenance farming.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION

write a short note on green revolution class 11 with project report on green revolution included.

In addition to producing larger quantities of food, the Green Revolution was also beneficial because it made it possible to grow more crops on roughly the same amount of land with a similar amount of effort. This reduced production costs and also resulted in cheaper prices for food in the market. The ability to grow more food on the same amount of land was also beneficial to the environment because it meant that less forest or natural land needed to be converted to farmland to produce more food.

ISSUES REGARDING GREEN REVOLUTION

12th hsc evs project pdf on green revolution and project report for green revolution is included.

Pollution and erosion of soil The fertility of the soil has become poor due to the implementation of modern techniques. Chemical herbicides contribute to air water and soil pollution not only do they pollute the soil where they have been applied but rainwater can carry these chemicals to other areas.
Pollution of water Some chemical herbicides end up in waterways where they kill fish and other aquatic life, according to a study published in the Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research. It can also evaporate into the air resulting in air pollution and reduced air quality.
Unemployment among uneducated farmers The farmers are largely dependent on the market for the supply of inputs and the demand for their products. There has been displacement of agricultural labor by extensive use of agricultural machinery and leaving them unemployed.
Harmful for farmers At the same time, the demand for agricultural credit has also increased as the new technology has increased the cash requirements of the farmers. Poor farmers were not able to get loans easily.
Weeds have increased Due to the heavy crop rotation pattern, we do not give rest to land nor do we have time to employ a proper weed removal system that has increased weeds.
Loss of biodiversity Due to the heavy use of chemical pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers we have lost many birds and friendly insects and this is a big loss in long term.
Excessive use of pesticides During the green revolution, farmers used excessive pesticides these pesticides mixed with groundwater and thus spoiled the health of the people of the areas of the green revolution.
Deadly disease The new farming techniques have given birth to the serious pollution of drinking water causing cancer and another disease.

PRECAUTIONS

Proper planning and implementation of the agricultural plan.
Avoiding access to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Proper irrigation system to that water wastage can be controlled.
Frequent pollution control checks of the soil should be done.

Green Revolution has done a lot of positive things saving the lives of millions of people and exponentially increasing the yield of food crops. But environmental degradation makes the Green Revolution an overall inefficient short-term solution to the problem of food insecurity. So a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly system of cultivation needs to be practiced. The world needs green revolution 2, which promises to feed a growing world population sustainably without compromising the needs of future generations.

You can use this project to write note on green revolution for class 11 and 12.

NEED FOR SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION

India has tremendous export potential in agriculture in the present era of globalization. In the second Green Revolution emphasis should be laid on

Non-food grains
Improving global market opportunities.
Improving rural infrastructure
Improving rural roads and electrification

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Daizy Gupta as well as our principal Nelinder Jeet Sandhu who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on Green Revolution which also helped me in doing a lot of research and learning new things. I am thankful to them. Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing the project within the limited time frame. It is important for students to learn about green revolution and the best way to learn is a project on green revolution for evs class 11 and class 12.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I would like to mention some sources which proved to help make this project some of them are as follows

www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
Google images
www.economicsdiscusssion.net
https://www.slidshare.net

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5) Critically analyse the social consequences of the Green Revolution.

Test – 11: Mains Self Study – 2016 (Mission – 2016)

08 February 2015

5) Critically analyse the social consequences of the Green Revolution. (200 Words)

NCERT Class XII, Social change and Development in India, Chapter – 4

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Green Revolution: History, Components, Phases & Advantages

The Green Revolution refers to agricultural innovations and practices introduced in the 1960s and 1970s that significantly increased food production, particularly in developing countries like India. Its significance lies in its role in transforming agricultural practices, leading to food security, economic growth, and the reduction of hunger and poverty. This article aims to study in detail the various aspects of the Green Revolution, including its origins, components, phases, and impact on society and the environment.

About Green Revolution

Green Revolution refers to the multiple crop production growth in third-world countries based on modern inputs, technologies, HYVs (High-Yielding Varieties), farm mechanisation, and irrigation facilities.
It reflects the agroeconomic situation of developing countries that aim for self-sufficiency in agriculture and mitigate food crises, hunger, famine, and related social evils.

History of Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s as a response to severe food shortages and the threat of famine .
It introduced high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, developed primarily in Mexico and the Philippines, to increase agricultural productivity.
Led by Dr M.S. Swaminathan, known as the “Father of the Green Revolution in India,” and supported by agronomist Norman Borlaug, this movement focused on adopting advanced farming techniques, including chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved irrigation methods.
The Green Revolution had its most significant impact in Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh. It transformed India into a food-self-sufficient nation but also led to challenges like soil degradation and water overuse.

Components of Green Revolution in India

The basis of the Green Revolution in India can be seen in the following points:

They are dwarf varieties with dense canopies. Because they are very tender and fragile, they need more water, chemical fertilisers, and protection from pests and weeds.
It also requires on-farm activities like soil preparation. It has a short generation period and leads to greater production in a short period.
The short duration of growth means that land is used for the next crop, thus increasing cropping intensity.
Irrigation Facilities – In 1960, India’s net irrigated area was only 30 million hectares, and extending irrigation to the rest of India was daunting.
Credit and Financing – This requires an excellent rural credit and microfinancing network to support farmers’ needs.
Commercialisation of Agriculture – The introduction of Minimum Support Prices for crops gave farmers an extra reason to grow crops.
Farm Mechanization – It was required to increase crop production.
On-Farm Development Activities – This included constructing agricultural channels, ploughing, levelling, and bunding.
Off-Farm Development Activities – This focused on building roads, improving rural connectivity, and enhancing marketing, transportation, and communication.
Use of Chemical Fertilizers – Due to soil nitrogen deficiency, NPK fertilizers were applied in a standard ratio of 4:2:1 , though the actual usage ratio was 8.2:4.2:1. The use of insecticides, pesticides, and weedicides was also common.
Rural Electrification – This was essential for advancing farm mechanisation practices.
Land Holding and Land Reforms – Landholding involved consolidating land, while land reforms included abolishing intermediaries, ending Zamindari, and implementing tenancy reforms.

Phases of Green Revolution in India

Phase i (1965-66 to 1980).

India needed an immediate food supply and self-sufficiency in food grain production.
This phase was both crop-specific and region-specific because the agriculture infrastructure was well-developed in Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh. Also, this region was free from natural hazards.
This phase started with the Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) and the Intensive Agriculture Area Programme (IAAP) on an experimental basis. Still, the main initiative was the HYV program during the Annual Plan of 1965-66.
1974, the Command Area Development Program reemphasised the Green Revolution in India.
It was more centralised towards wheat production , which increased by 2.5 times in 5 years. This was termed the Green Revolution.
This provided India with self-sufficiency in food grain production, and the incidences of malnutrition, famine, poverty, and starvation were mitigated. India was successful in coming out of the ‘Begging Bowl image’.

Phase II (1980-1991)

Wet agriculture (mainly rice ) was targeted during the 6th and 7th five-year plans.
During the first phase, rice production increased merely 1.5 times. Regions with more than 100 cm of rainfall, such as West Bengal, Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and coastal plains, were targeted.
These plans met with partial success. The Krishna-Godavari delta and Cauvery basin yielded the coveted results.
West Bengal also showed increased productivity, and in Bihar, Bhojpur experienced the fruits of the Green Revolution.
However, the full potential of rice productivity was not realised due to institutional factors like land reforms, tenancy, etc.
Land reforms should have been implemented in areas like UP, West Bengal, and Bihar, but they were not implemented at the right time.
The traditional outlook of farmers was also a major limiting factor in the success of the Second phase of the Green Revolution.

Phase III (1991-2003)

During the 8th and 9th five-year plans, dry land agriculture was targeted, and HYV was introduced into cotton, oilseeds, pulses, millets , etc. This met with partial success.
However, it was unsuccessful except in the Narmada—Tapi doab, the Tungabhadra basin, and the Bhima—Krishna basin .
After the 9th five-year plan ended, there was a paradigm shift in government policies.
The ecological repercussions in the green revolution areas led to a relatively new concept of balanced Agriculture growth based on agricultural ecology, conservation methods, and sustainable development (10th five-year plan).
The entire agricultural sector was addressed through what is known as the Rainbow Revolution.
the Yellow Revolution for oilseeds,
the Blue Revolution for fisheries,
the White Revolution for dairy,
the Brown Revolution for fertilisers, and
the Silver Revolution for poultry.
The 11th Plan shifted the focus towards sustainable agriculture and balanced growth, which is now termed inclusive growth.

Impact of Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India remained area- and crop-specific, culminating in regional disparities and increasing ethnic regionalism and consciousness.
The economic advantages are perceptible, but the social disadvantages have been far more accentuated than the former.
Capitalistic Farming led to marginal farmers selling land to large farmers who offered high prices, and thus, marginal farmers became labourers.
Chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc., have negatively affected the environment, ecology, soil, land, and water of North-western India.
Thus, the Green Revolution in India was neither futuristic nor visionary and was unsustainable.

Economic Impact

Interpersonal disparity emerged, leading to differences between people due to differences in earning at different places.
Inter-regional disparity emerged due to differences in crop production, e.g., between West UP and East UP.
For example, in 1960, Punjab and Bihar contributed the same in crop production, but due to the Green Revolution, there became a huge gap in crop production between the two states by 1990.
Due to the increase in informal credit services, labourers and cultivators fell into the vicious cycle of debt traps.

Social Impact

Increased rural landlessness, smaller marginal farmers were rendered landless and became agricultural labourers, which led to rural handicaps and health hazards.
Greater unemployment due to mechanisation.
Patriarchy was strengthened, female discrimination, female foeticide, and dowry increased.

Ecological Impact

Soil degradation due to unscientific farming methods led to salinisation, alkalisation, formation of reh, Kallar, etc.
Excessive use of irrigation has led to the issue of water logging in Green Revolution areas.
The Green Revolution in India led to the toxication of soil from unwanted chemicals, which was caused by the excessive use of fertilisers.
The Green Revolution in India increased water pollution, degrading water quality in rivers, tanks, and reservoirs.
For example, excessive nitrogen in tanks and ponds leads to the growth of water hyacinths.
For example, the excessive growth of water hyacinths kills the pond ecosystem because Sun rays and oxygenation decrease in lower water layers.
The Green Revolution in India led to large-scale deforestation, especially in the Punjab, Tarai, and Bhabhar regions, where forests were cleared for agricultural purposes.
The Green Revolution in India also led to disruption in agricultural ecology by crop monoculture (E.g., due to crop monoculture of wheat, many people say India has only a wheat revolution), and the use of pesticides, fertilisers, and weedicides.

Advantages of Green Revolution in India

It was pertinent for a country with a perennial food crisis and population explosion.
It led to the removal of hunger and famine.
It gave rise to capitalistic farming practices in India.
The surplus was generated in agriculture, which led to its commercialisation .
It led to the development of rural infrastructure, which was a pre-condition for the Green Revolution.
It made it self–sufficient in food grain production.
The financial burden due to agriculture imports was reduced, which could now be channelled into various poverty alleviation programs, e.g., the Backward Area Development Programme, IRDP, Tribal Area Development Program, etc.
The increase in wage rate led to the availability of cash to the farmers.
Developing agro-processing and food-processing industries led to the industrialisation of tier II/III towns and a higher urbanisation rate.
Population increases during the 1960s–80s required a higher food supply, which was only possible during the Green Revolution. The population increased from 33 crores to 66 crores within a 25-year gap.
It led to the mechanisation of agriculture.
Land reforms, consolidation of land holding, etc., were implemented in Green Revolution areas.
Forward linkages refer to the industry’s supply of raw materials, while backward linkages refer to the industry’s demand for raw materials.

Disadvantages of Green Revolution in India

The disadvantages of the Green Revolution are as follows:

While the Green Revolution significantly boosted agricultural productivity, it also led to several disadvantages .
The heavy reliance on chemical fertilisers and pesticides degraded soil, reducing long-term soil fertility and leading to water pollution from runoff.
The intensive use of water resources for irrigation contributed to groundwater depletion and the over-extraction of surface water, causing water scarcity in many regions.
This led to increased inequality and economic disparities in rural areas.
Finally, focusing on a few high-yield crops reduced biodiversity, making the agricultural system more vulnerable to pests and diseases.


Arguments Against	Arguments in Favour
Spread to a limited area.	Increase in production.
Benefits to rich farmers only.	Increase in areas of cultivation.
Increase in unemployment.	Led to economic and social balance.
Pollution of drinking water and soil degradation.	High standard of living.
Increase in economic inequality.	Benefit to all.

The Green Revolution successfully achieved its primary goal of food sufficiency for India. With this significant milestone reached, the focus now shifts towards promoting sustainable agricultural patterns. By expanding the principles of the Green Revolution to cover a broader area and integrating practices that ensure long-term ecological balance, the initiative can evolve into what we term the Evergreen Revolution. This transformation aims to build on past successes while addressing contemporary challenges, ensuring productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural growth.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the green revolution.

The Green Revolution was a significant agricultural advancement starting in the 1960s, marked by the introduction of high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and modern irrigation techniques.

Who is the father of Green Revolution?

Norman Borlaug is often called the “Father of the Green Revolution.”

Who started Green Revolution in India?

M. S. Swaminathan is often credited with leading the Green Revolution in India.

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The Green Revolution

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Green Revolution is a process by which the state has encouraged the farmers to use advanced technologies in the cultivation of hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides. In other words, it is a technology through which farmers could produce high yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops especially wheat and rice. It is also called as a farming technique used by the farmers to produce HYVs and generate sizeable income to their families.

Introduction

The Green Revolution is considered to be one of the most important agrarian reforms in India, Pakistan, and other South Asian countries. It has had a major role in boosting agricultural production from India to the Philippines. However, not all states in India have received equal benefits through technology transfer. Punjab and Haryana have benefited largely because of their huge amounts of land and favorable weather conditions, which are suitable for the development of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds. The import of seeds and...

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Saha, A., Kasi, E. (2021). The Green Revolution. In: Romaniuk, S., Thapa, M., Marton, P. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_410-1

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The Green Revolution in India: A Case Study of Technological Change

Published in Technology and Culture 1 October 1992
Agricultural and Food Sciences, History, Environmental Science

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The impact of the green revolution on indigenous crops of india, crop–livestock systems in rural development: linking india's green and white revolutions, emergence of controversy in technology transitions: green revolution and bt cotton in india, the indian and south korean green revolutions.

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Understanding India’s Green Revolution: A Case Study for Contemporary Agrarian Reform

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Chapter 2 Indian Economy (1950 – 1990) Case Study Questions

Please see Chapter 2 Indian Economy (1950 – 1990) Case Study Questions and answers below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 11 Economics with answers for all chapters. Students should read the case study for Chapter 2 Indian Economy (1950 – 1990) which is an important chapter in Class 11 Economics and then attempt the questions provided below. Our teachers have provided answers too so that students can check their solutions.

CASE STUDY-1

Criticism on the effects of the green revolution include the cost for many small farmers using HYV seeds, with their associated demands of increased irrigation systems and pesticides. A case study is found in India, where farmers are buyingMonsanto BT cotton seeds—sold on the idea that these seeds produced ‘non natural insecticides’. In reality, they need to stillpay for expensive pesticides and irrigation systems, which might lead to increased borrowing to finance the change fromtraditional seed varieties. Many farmers have difficulty in paying for the expensive technologies ,especially if they have a badharvest. These high costs of cultivation push rural farmers to take out loans—typically at high interest rates. Over-borrowing commonly entraps farmers into a cycle of debt.On top of this, India’s liberalized economy further exacerbates the farmers’s economic conditions. Indian environmentalist Vandana Shiva writes that this is the “second Green Revolution”. The first Green Revolution, she suggests, was mostlypublicly funded (by the Indian Government).Farmer’s financial issues have become especially apparent in Punjab, where its rural areas have witnessed an alarming rise insuicide rates. Excluding the countless unreported cases, there has been estimated to be a 51.97% increase in the number ofsuicides in Punjab in 1992–93, compared to the recorded 5.11% increase in the country as a whole. According to a 2019 Indian news report, indebtedness continues to be a grave issue affecting Punjabi people today, demonstrated by the more than900 recorded farmer committed suicide in Punjab in the last two years.

Question . The green revolution include the cost for many small farmers using ________ seeds, with their associated demands of increased irrigation systems and pesticides.

Question . There has been estimated to be a 51.97% increase in the number of suicides in Punjab in 1992–93. (True or False).

Question. This new Green Revolution, she says, is driven by private (and foreign) interest—notably MNCs like Monsanto—as encouraged by the: (a) Communism context (b) Liberal context (c) Neoliberal context (d) None of these

Question. According to a 2019 Indian news report, indebtedness continues to be a grave issue affecting Punjabi people today, demonstrated by the more than ____ recorded farmer committed suicide in Punjab in the last two years.

CASE STUDY-2

A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use. It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period of time; in India plans were of five years duration and were called five year plans (we borrowed this from the former Soviet Union, the pioneer in national planning). Our plan documents upto the year 2017 not only specify the objectives to be attained in the five years of a plan but also what is to beachieved over a period of twenty years. This long-term plan is called ‘perspective plan’. The five year plans were supposed to provide the basis for the perspective plan.

Questions :

Question. When did India give its first five year plan?

Answer . 1951

Question. Planning commission, the erstwhile central planning authority in the country, has been replaced by____________

National institution for transforming India Aayog

Question. ‘Government decides what goods are to be produced in accordance with the needs of society’. Under what type of economic system does this take place?

Answer . Socialist economy.

Question. When was Indian planning commission constituted? (a) 6th August 1952 (b) 15th March 1950 (c) 15th August 1947 (d) 1st April 1997

CASE STUDY-3

The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies, including High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of cereals, especially dwarf wheat and rice. It was associated with chemical fertilizers, agrochemicals, and controlled water-supply (usually involving irrigation) and newer methods of cultivation, including mechanization. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is an apex development finance institution fully owned by Government of India. The bank has been entrusted with “matters concerning policy, planning, and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India”

Question. _____________ is Known as Father of Green Revolution in India. (MS Swaminathan/Vikram Sarabhai).

MS Swaminathan

Question. NABARD was established in _________________ . (1982/1985)

Question. The rural banking structure in India consists of a set of multi-agency institutions. __________ (RRB / SIDBI) is expected to dispense credit at cheaper rates for agricultural purposes to farmers

Question. Which were the areas benefitted from Green Revolution

Answer. Wheat and Rice

CASE STUDY-4

The Indian national highway system was introduced and many roads were widened to accommodate the increasing traffic. Tourism also expanded. The twenty-point programme was launched on 14 January 1982. It was followed from 1974 to 1979. The Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) was introduced in the first year of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–78). The objective of the programme is to provide certain basic minimum needs and thereby improve the living standards of the people. It is prepared and launched by D.P.Dhar

Question. When was fifth five year plan started?

Answer . 1974

Question. What were the main objectives of the plan?

Answer . Employment and poverty alleviation

Question. When did Twenty point programme launched?

Answer . 1975

Question. What was the difference between targeted growth and actual growth rate?

Answer . 0.6%

CASE STUDY-5

India which appears to have been pushed back to being the world’s 6th biggest economy in 2020, will again overtake the UK to become the fifth largest in 2025 and ace to the third spot by 2030, a think tank said on Saturday. India had overtaken the UK in 2019 to become 5th largest economy in the world but has been relegated to 6th spot in 2020.

Question. Which of the following is referred as the Think Tank of India? (a) Niti Ayog of India (b) National Development Council (c) NABARD (d) IDBI

Question. The idea of Five Year Plans was borrowed from __________. (a) The USA (b) Australia (c) Soviet Union (d) Denmark

Question. The one of the reasons for Indian Economy to be relegated in 2020 : (a) Health Infrastructure (b) COVID 19 Pandemic (c) Framework of Planning (d) All of the Above

Question. _____________ finally approves the draft of Indian Plans. (a) RBI (b) National Development Council (c) AYUSH Ministry (d) IDBI

CASE STUDY-6

The land ceiling legislation also faced hurdles. The big landlords challenged the legislation in the courts, delaying its implementation. They used this delay to register their lands in the name of close relatives, thereby escaping from the legislation. The legislation also had a lot of loopholes which were exploited by the big landholders to retain their land. Land reforms were successful in Kerala and West Bengal because these states had governments committed to the policy of land to the tiller. Unfortunately other states did not have the same level of commitment and vast inequality in landholding continues to this day.

Question. Change in the ownership of landholdings, is known as ______________ (land ceiling/land reforms).

Land reforms

Question. Mention any one challenge faced by land ceiling legislation.

Answer .(a) The big landlords challenged the legislation in the courts, delaying is implementation. (b) The landlords used the delay to register their lands in the name of close relatives, thereby escaping from the legislation.

Question. Name the policy the two state governments adopted to make Land reforms successful.

Answer . Land to the tiller.

Question. What is land ceiling?

Answer . Land ceiling means fixing the maximum size of land which could be owned by an individual.

CASE STUDY-7

In a country, all the means of production are owned by top industrialists of the private sector, they are free to take all kinds of economic decisions. The government does not interfere with the movement of goods and services in the country. The GDP is rapidly accelerating though only the rich people are happy.

Question. The type of economy defined in this scenario is _________ economy.

Question. There is _____________ ownership of the means of production.

Question. In this economy, _____________ are maximised.

Question. With reference to the passage, state one principal demerit of this type of economy.

Answer . Growth without social justice

CASE STUDY-8

Usually the economy of the country is based on who shall answer the questions like what to produce? How to produce? How to distribute what is produced? These questions when answered by the market forces mean a capitalist economy, when answered by government then a socialist economy and a mixed economy is where jointly these questions are answered. India opted for socialism as Indian leaders were motivated by the success of Soviet Union’s planning. Indian planners were well aware of the shortage of private capital and lack of incentive for the private sector to function in the social sector. Comprehensive planning for the country was made by the government with specific objectives of five-year plans. Hence, planning was initiated to make the public sector to work within the basic economic framework, and private sector firms were encouraged towards economic growth.

Question. Indian planners after independence were attracted to which Economy System ? (a). Socialist (b). Capitalist (c). Market (d). None

Question. India’s First Five Year Plan was launched in the year 1951 (True/ False)

False

Question. India has a mixed economy with a _____________ . (a). Small public sector (b). Large public sector (c). Large private sector (d). None of these

CASE STUDY-9

Some economists are of view that subsidies do not allow prices to indicate the supply of a good.when electricity and water are provided at a subsidized rate or free , they will be used wastefully without any concern for their scarcity. Farmers will cultivate water intensive crops if water is supplied free, although the water resources in that region may be scarce and such crops further deplete , if water is priced to reflect scarcity, farmers will cultivate crops according to region . Fertilizer and pesticide subsidies can be harmful to environment. subsidies provide an incentive for wasteful use of resources.

Question. Define term Subsidy.

Answer . It is an economic benefit, direct or indirect, granted by the government.

Question. Highlight the basic objective of providing subsidies.

Answer . Incentive for adoption of new HYV technology .

Question. The government should continue with providing subsidies to farmers because ____________.

Question. How subsidies can be linked as threat to environment?

Answer . If these are provided for fertilizers and pesticides then farmers will use them in abundance which will be dangerous for environment

CASE STUDY-10

The Green Revolution started in 1965 with the first introduction of HYV seeds in Indian agriculture. This was coupled with better and efficient irrigation and the correct use of fertilizers to boost the crop. The end result of the Green Revolution was to make India self-sufficient when it came to food grains. After 1947 India had to rebuild its economy. Over three-quarters of the population depended on agriculture in some way. But agriculture in India was faced with several problems. Firstly, the productivity of grains was very low. And India was still monsoon dependent because of lack of irrigation and other infrastructure. There was also an absence of modern technology. And India had previously faced severe famines during the British Raj, who had only promoted cash crops instead of food crops. The idea was to never depend on any other country for food sufficiency. So in 1965, the government with the help of Indian geneticists M.S. Swaminathan, known as the father of Green Revolution, launched the Green Revolution. The movement lasted from 1967 to 1978 and was a great success.

Question.Green revolution is related with _____________ . (a). modern technology (b). better irrigation facilities (c). HYV seeds (d). all of the above

Question. _____________ known as the father of green revolution.

Indian geneticists M.S. Swaminathan

Question. Britishers encouraged Indian farmers to grow food crops. (true/false)Give reason.

False, they forced farmers to grow cash crops

Question. What was the need of green revolution?

Answer . To make India self-sufficient

CASE STUDY-11 The industrial sector became well diversified by 1990, largely due to public sector. It was no longer restricted to cotton textiles and jute. It also included engineering goods and a wide range of consumer goods . The industrial sector increased in the period from 11.8 % in 1950- 51 to 24.6 in 1990 – 91. This rise in industry’s share of GDP is an important indicator of development. It gave opportunities to people with small capital to get into business. New investment opportunities helped in generating more employment. It promoted growth with equity.

Question. After independence the number of industrial policies declared till now are: (a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 6 (d) 5

Question. “Small capital to get into business “ in the above case refers to an investment in the fixed capital upto Rs. _________. (a) Rs 5 Crore (b) Rs 15 Crore (c) Rs 1 Crore (d) Rs 10 Lakh

Question. Growth with equity is ___________________ (a) To ensure Social Justice (b) To ensure equality (c) Rural Development (d) Urban Development

Question. The industrial sector got well diversified by 1990, due to ________________ (a) Private Sector (b) Public Sector (c) FDI (d) All of the Above

CASE STUDY-12

In order to improve efficiency, infuse professionalism and enable them to compete more effectively in the liberalised global environment, the government identifies PSEs and declare them as maharatnas, navratnas and miniratnas. They were given greater managerial and operational autonomy, in taking various decisions to run the company efficiently and thus increase their profits. Greater operational, financial and managerial autonomy has also been granted to profit-making enterprises referred to as miniratnas. The Central Public Sector Enterprises are designated with different status. A few examples of public enterprises with their status are as follows: (i) Maharatnas – (a) Indian Oil Corporation Limited, and (b) Steel Authority of India Limited, (ii) Navratnas – (a) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, and (b) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited; (iii) Miniratnas – (a) Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, and (b) Airport Authority of India. Many of these profitable PSEs were originally formed during the 1950s and 1960s when self-reliance was an important element of public policy. They were set up with the intention of providing infrastructure and direct employment to the public so that quality end-product reaches the masses at a nominal cost and the companies themselves were made accountable to all stakeholders. The granting of status resulted in better performance of these companies. Scholars allege that instead of facilitating public enterprises in their expansion and enabling them to become global players, the government partly privatised them through disinvesment. Of late, the government has decided to retain them in the public sector and enablethem to expand themselves in the global markets and raise resources by themselves from financial markets.

Question. How has government made attempts to improve the efficiency of PSUs?

Answer . By giving them autonomy in taking managerial decisions.

Question. What are the special status granted to PSUs?

Answer . PSUs have been granted special status as maharatnas, navratnas and miniratnas.

Question. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited is categorized under Maharatna or miniratna?

Answer . Miniratna

Question. Indian Oil Corporation Limited is categorized under Maharatna or miniratna?

Answer . Maharatna

CASE STUDY- 13

In July 1991, a package of economic reforms was announced,which marked the beginning of process of ‘Liberalisation’ in India.Liberalisation involves deregulation and reduction of government controls and greater autonomy of private investment, to make economy more competitive. The purpose of liberalisation was to unlock the economic potential of the country by encouraging private sector and multilateral corporations to invest and expand.

Question. Which of the following is a policy initiated under New Economic Policy? (a) Globalisation (b) Privatisation (c) Disinvestment (d) Liberalisation

Question. Liberalisation means _____________ of entry and growth restrictions on the private sector.

Question. Match the following:

(b) Liberalisation

Question. Liberalisation is a process of opening a larger part of the economy for non-government sector. (True/ False)

CASE STUDY-14

Outsourcing was first recognized as a business strategy in 1989 and became an integral part of business economics throughout the 1990s. The practice of outsourcing is subject to considerable controversy in many countries. Those opposed argue that it has caused the loss of domestic jobs, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Supporters say it creates an incentive for businesses and companies to allocate resources where they are most effective, and that outsourcing helps maintain the nature of free-market economies on a global scale.

Question. What is meant by outsourcing?

Answer . Outsourcing refers to contracting out some of its activities to a third party which were earlier performed by the organisation.

Question. Name some services outsourced from India.

Answer . Voice-based business processes, Record keeping, Accountancy, Music recording e.t.c

Question. Why outsourcing is good for India?

Answer . Provides employment to large number of unemployed Indians, enables the exchange of ideas and technical know-how, improves the standard of living of people, enhances India’s international worthiness credibility.

Question. Why are developed countries opposing outsourcing to India?

Answer . Outsourcing reduces the employment generation and creates job insecurity in the developed countries.

CASE STUDY-15

Import substitution policy is a set of measures aimed at stimulating production and competitiveness of domestic goods, increasing of domestic demand optimization of demand for imports. It is determined by the need to reduce the dependence of transitive economy on economic leaders. The main objective of the policy of import substitution is to encourage national production, to development the new products to stimulate demand and import restrictions. Actual directions: industrial restructuring, the balance of foreign trade, protection of the domestic market during the transition period. In the Commonwealth of Independent states import substitution is a complementary mechanism for diversification of production.

Question. The main objective of the policy of import substitution is _____________ .

To encourage national production, to development the new products to stimulate demand and import restrictions.

Question. Import substitution policy aimed at stimulating production. (True /false)

Question.What is the meaning of import substitution strategy?

Answer . It means producing in domestic economy itself those goods which the country has to import.

Question. Give any one way how to protect import substitution in domestic industry.

Answer . By putting high tariffs on industrial goods.

CASE STUDY-16

Developed countries have been trying to pursue developing countries to liberalize the trade and allow more flexibility in business policies to provide equal opportunities to multinational firms in their domestic market. International Monetary Fund(IMF) and World Bank helped them in this endeavour. Liberalization began to hold its foot on barren lands of developing countries like India by means of reduction in excise duties on electronic goods in a fixed time frame. Indian government did the same and liberalized the trade and investment due to the pressure from World Trade Organization. Import duties were cut down phase-wise to allow MNC’s operate in India on equality basis. As a result globalization has brought to India new technologies, new products and also the economic opportunities.

Question. ____________facilitates International Trade through removal of tariffs as well as non tariff barriers

Question. India had compulsion to introduce reforms as dictated by (a). World Bank (b). IMF (c). both a and b (d). None of the above

Question. Why was Indian economy liberalized in 1991?

Answer BOP crisis

Question. Trade liberalization benefits developed countries more than developing economies. (True / False)

CASE STUDY-17 Owing to globalisation, you might find many Indian companies have expanded their wings to many other countries. For example, ONGC Videsh, a subsidiary of the Indian public sector enterprise, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation engaged in oil and gas exploration and production has projects in 16 countries. Tata Steel, a private company established in 1907, is one of the top ten global steel companies in the world which have operations in 26 countries and sell its products in 50 countries. It employs nearly 50,000 persons in other countries. HCL Technologies, one of the top five IT companies in India has offices in 31 countries and employs about 15,000 persons abroad. Dr Reddy’s Laboratories, initially was a small company supplying pharmaceutical goods to big Indian companies, today has manufacturing plants and research centres across the world.

Question. Define Globalization ?

Answer . It is an outcome of the set of various policies that are aimed at transforming the world towards greater interdependence and integration. It involves creation of networks and activities transcending economic, social and geographical boundaries.

Question. Which is the most important outcome of the process of Globalization ?

Answer . Outsourcing

Question. What type of services are generally outsourced ?

Answer . In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from external sources, mostly from other countries, which was previously provided internally or from within the country (like legal advice, computer service, advertisement, security — each provided by respective departments of the company).

Question. In the modern (recent) times , which services are being outsourced ?

Answer . In recent times, because of the growth of fast modes of communication, particularly the growth of Information Technology (IT). Many of the services such as voice-based business processes (popularly known as BPO or call centres), record keeping, accountancy, banking services, music recording, film editing, book transcription, clinical advice or even teaching are being outsourced by companies in developed countries to India

CASE STUDY-18

Read the following table carefully and answer the questions

Question. While the service sector continued to witness a high level of growth – higher than the overall GDP growth in 2014-15, this sector witnessed the high growth rate of_________ percent.

Question. During the reform period, the growth of agriculture has__________ (increased/decreased)

Question. The opening of the economy has led to a rapid increase in foreign direct investment and foreign exchange reserves. The foreign investment, which includes foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment(FII), has increased from about US $100 million in 1990-91 to ___________ in 2017-18. There has been an increase in the foreign exchange reserves from about US $6 billion in 1990-91 to about __________ in 2018-19.

US $ 30 billion, US $ 413 billion

Question. The reform process has been able to address the basic problems facing our economy especially in areas of employment, agriculture, industry, infrastructure development and fiscal management.(True/ False)

CASE STUDY-19

The global trade organisation to administer all multilateral trade agreements by providing equal opportunities to all countries in the international market for trading purposes. WTO aims at enlarging production and trade of services to ensure optimum utilisation of world resources. India has kept in commitments towards liberalisation of trade made in the WTO by removing quantitative restrictions on imports and reduced tariff rates.

Question. The World Trade Organisation was founded in___________ .

Question. ‘The objective of WTO is to establish rule based regime. ‘ True/false with Reason.

True. It provides equal opportunities to all countries in the international market for trading purposes.

Question. _____ implies free interaction among all the countries in various fields like trade, technology, outsourcing etc.

Globalization

Question. From the set of information in column A and corresponding relevant fact in column B.

CASE STUDY-20

In his July 1991 Budget speech, marked by remarkable clarity, Dr Manmohan Singh laid out his analysis of what was ailing the Indian economy at the time, and his strategy to revive it. His argument was that protection and state-supported industrialisation had outlived their utility. The protection granted to industry had made it uncompetitive in the global market. This had hurt export growth, contributing to the Balance of Payments crisis of 1991. The way out, as Dr Singh saw it, was to open up the Indian economy so that Indian manufacturers could compete with global players in local conditions. Once they succeeded in the domestic market they would be able to find a place in the global market as well. India would then move from being, primarily, an exporter of agricultural products to one that had a global presence in industrial products as well.

Question. Three main policies of New Economic Policy are Liberalization __________ And ___________ .

Privatisation and Globalisation

Question. Economic reforms have (Increased /reduced) the role of public sector.

Answer . Reduced

Question. Name any one industry, for which license is needed.

Answer . Atomic Energy Generation, Defence Equipments or any other correct option.

Question. Which of the following is not a tax reform. (a) Reduction in taxes (b) Reforms in Indirect Taxes (c) Simplification of Tax Process (d) Devaluation of Rupee

Chapter 2 Indian Economy (1950 – 1990) Case Study Questions

Chapter 6 trial balance and rectification of errors important questions, the living world class 11 biology important questions.

Chapter 8 Infrastructure Case Study Questions

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COMMENTS

[Economics Class 12
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period.
Green Revolution in India : A Case Study
Statistical Results of the Green Revolution 1) The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain output of 131 million tons in 197879. This established India as one of the world's biggest agricultural producers. No other country in the world, which attempted the Green Revolution recorded such level of success.
Green Revolution: Introduction, HYV Seeds, Impact on the ...
Green Revolution: Introduction, HYV Seeds, Impact on the ...
CBSE Class 12
CBSE Class 12 | Indian Economy 1950-90 - Part 3 | Green Revolution | Indian Economic Development | Padhle | Love Kaushik sir Topic Covered in This Class: Pro...
the green revolution India
The green revolution. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers and irrigation. When was high yield wheat introduced into India. 1968 by American agronomist Norman Borlaug. Main features of the green revolution in India. -high tails seed variety promised to produce more grain per plant.
Green Revolution in India
Green Revolution in India | 10 Important Schemes under ...
EVS Project On Green Revolution For Class 11th & 12th CBSE
It is an important part of EVS subject to have a project on green revolution with a project report on green revolution for class 11 and 12. ... For example, the per hectare yield of wheat has increased from 1200 Kgs to 4500 Kgm. In the case of rice, the yield increased from 1000 Kgs to 3500 Kgs. ... Project on Insurance- Business Studies ...
5) Critically analyse the social consequences of the Green Revolution
Test - 11: Mains Self Study - 2016 (Mission - 2016) Archives TIMETABLE 08 February 2015 5) Critically analyse the social consequences of the Green Revolution. (200 Words) NCERT Class XII, Social change and Development in India, Chapter - 4
Green Revolution in India
Green Revolution in India
Explain the green revolution and state its impact on crop ...
Q. In respect of which one of the following crops, The Green Revolution in India had limited impact? Mention the main products of fertilizer industry of india. Explain the impacts of Green Revolution on Fertilizer industry. (3 marks ques) Q. How did Green Revolution changed the crop production scenario of India. Q.
Green Revolution: a Case Study of Punjab
Jashandeep Singh Sandhu. (The phenomenon of Green Revolution, which was the cumulative result of a series of research, development, innovation and technology transfer initiatives, happening between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased the agriculture production. manifold worldwide, and in particular the developing world was due to ...
CBSE Class 12
Sociological understanding of the Green Revolution. Lesson 4 of 7 • 13 upvotes • 9:52mins. Antara Chakrabarty. This lesson has covered the pros and cons of the Green Revolution in detail. NCERT 12th Sociology Book 2: Chapter Four- Change and Development in Rural Society: Class XII CBSE. 7 lessons • 1h 10m. 1. Agrarian structure, class and ...
DOC Green Revolution in India : A Case Study
1) The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79. This established India as one of the world's biggest agricultural producers. No other country in the world, which attempted the Green Revolution recorded such level of success. India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.
What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented...
The Green Revolution was a period when agriculture in India was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology, such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.. It benefitted in following ways-The introduction of the HYV seeds for the first time in Indian agriculture.
Green Revolution: History, Components, Phases & Advantages
Its significance lies in its role in transforming agricultural practices, leading to food security, economic growth, and the reduction of hunger and poverty. This article aims to study in detail the various aspects of the Green Revolution, including its origins, components, phases, and impact on society and the environment. About Green Revolution.
What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did it benefit
What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and ...
The Green Revolution
The Green Revolution is the term used to describe the transformation in agricultural practices in many parts of the developing world between 1940 and the 1960s. This revolution sought to eradicate famine in many nations and massively increase food production, by effectively ending subsistence agriculture and replacing it with commercial ...
The Green Revolution
The agrarian interest during the late 1960s was dominated by the class interest of the rich farmers who pushed forward agrarian development from extensive land ... the food supply increased 12-13% during the period ... E. C. (1981). The green revolution as a case study in transfer of technology. Annals of the American Academy of ...
(PDF) Case Study-Green Revolution in Punjab
Case Study-Green Revolution in Punjab. July 2020. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6 (7):61-68. DOI: 10.46501/IJMTST060709. Authors: Shalini Jaiswal. Amity ...
The Green Revolution in India: A Case Study of Technological Change
1978. 83. The term "Green Revolution" is generally taken to mean the increase in cereal productivity experienced in some Third World countries as a result of the change in agricultural technology during the 1960s and 1970s.'. In this article, my objective is to reconstruct the history of the Green Revolution in India, highlighting the processes ...
Chapter 2 Indian Economy (1950
CASE STUDY-3. The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. ... Class 12 Informatics Practices Sample Paper Term 1 With Solutions Set B;
What is Green Revolution? Explain the main features of Green Revolution
It was launched in the year 1965 by the government of India with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan. The main features of Green Revolutions are: 1. Using seeds with improved genetics (High Yielding Variety seeds). 2.
Chapter-2-Indian Economy 1950-1990: Case Study Based Questions
Ch-2-CBQ - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The passage discusses the economic development of India from 1950-1990. It focuses on the key aspects of India's command economy during this period including: 1) The government determined what was produced, how it was produced, and how it was distributed with no private enterprise.