case study on landscape design

UNITING THE BUILT & NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

New case studies on sustainable landscape design.

A newly expanded and now mobile-friendly version of ASLA’s Designing Our Future: Sustainable Landscapes online exhibition highlights real-world examples of sustainable landscape design and its positive effects on the environment and quality of life. These spaces use natural systems to provide ecosystem services, transform untapped assets into vital community spaces, and create new economic opportunities — they ultimately provide significant environmental, social, and economic value.

Ten new case studies that range from a coastal ecological restoration project to a volunteer-run urban farm illustrate just what sustainable landscapes are and how they provide important benefits on a variety of scales. In the process, the case studies, written in clear, understandable language, also introduce users to what exactly landscape architects do.

The new case studies were carefully selected to show a diversity of landscape types and scales and reflect geographical diversity. There are now a total of 40 case studies.

New case studies include:

Burbank Water & Power Eco-campus , Burbank, California, a sustainable landscape for employees and visitors in the midst of a working power plant.

Drs. Julian and Raye Richardson Apartments , San Francisco, California, a safe and welcoming apartment complex, with beautiful design elements, for the chronically homeless.

Lafayette Greens , Detroit, Michigan, a volunteer-run urban farm in downtown Detroit where 800 pounds of fresh fruit and vegetables are grown every year.

Living Breakwaters , New York, New York, an innovative coastal ecological restoration project that won $60 million in the Rebuild by Design competition sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Pete V. Domenici U.S. Courthouse Sustainable Landscape Renovation , Albuquerque, New Mexico, an underused plaza that has become a model of sustainable landscape design in the desert.

Quarry Garden , Shanghai, China, a derelict, polluted quarry that was transformed into a garden visited by more than 3 million people in its first year.

Sherbourne Common , Toronto, Cananda, a multi-functional park and wastewater treatment plant that includes an underground Ultraviolet (UV) water purification system.

The Steel Yard , Providence, Rhode Island, an abandoned steel manufacturing facility that has become a beloved community arts space.

Sunnylands Center and Gardens , Rancho Mirage, California, an extension to the Annenberg Estate that captures every drop of stormwater, with some collected in underground cisterns for later use.

Woodland Discovery Playground , Memphis, Tennessee, an immersion in nature play for children that features surfaces made of recycled athletic shoes.

The Web site also 30 other case studies; 10 animations created by Daniel Tal, ASLA, using Google Sketchup; and companion sustainability education resources that enable users to explore sustainable design concepts in greater depth.

Designing Our Future: Sustainable Landscapes was originally made possible with a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA).

15 Projects that showcase sustainability through landscape design

The art of blending the natural environment with the built environment to enhance the experience of the end-user could be defined as landscape architecture. It uses elements of nature like soil, plants, and water to plan and design spaces to help establish a relationship between nature and people. The calming and thought-provoking natural environment is essential to refresh the human mind when it is surrounded by a rapidly changing urban jungle.

Sustainability and landscape are concepts that are interlinked as landscaping involves nature and nature has been self-sustained from the beginning of time. Sustainability is the need of the hour in the present context of climatic crises and through landscape architecture, these issues could be addressed and resolved.

The need for sustainability in landscape design has brought about its evolution from static and manicured lawns to adaptable and energy-efficient designs. Habitat restoration, energy efficiency, and conservation of flora and fauna are all important attributes of sustainable landscape design. Here are 15 such projects.

1. Nature Discovery Park, Hong Kong

Designed by LAAB architects , Natural Discovery Park is situated in the heart of the city. It is an urban farm that offers to learn and practice agriculture in a city. It also has a dining experience where the food is prepared using the produce from the farm. There is a glasshouse in the centre made up of IUG glass to save energy and reduce heat gain.

The park has a steel aluminium cladding framework holding the glass panes which creates a reflection of the farm against the surrounding skyscrapers showing the co-existence of nature and urbanism. The park has a special eco-tour that starts with a rare butterfly species archive followed by an aquarium which has the tropic marine species of the Victoria Harbour.

Nature Discovery Park, Hong Kong - Sheet1

2. The Science and Technical Pole, Paris

With a sweeping green roof, this institution is a place built for education and research. It was constructed in 2014 by Jean-Philippe Pargade . The design is a blend of innovation and sustainability while maintaining aesthetics and functionality. It has a bioclimatic design approach aiding the local climatic conditions and resolving contextual environmental issues.

The south façade opens towards the campus retrieving solar energy and the north façade is closed offering an insulating wall with a strong thermal barrier. It has a groundwater body which is the main source of heat energy for the structure. The project very smartly shows the relation between the functionality and the purpose of the design.

The Science and Technical Pole, Paris - Sheet1

3. Burj Khalifa Tower Park, Dubai

The tower park, designed by SWA Group in 2011, is inspired by an oasis found in deserts. The green oasis is filled with native plants and also has Islamic traditional elements like motifs and coloured tiles. It has a series of connected pools that reflect the Burj Khalifa. The harsh hot climate of the region is managed by the cool water pools, tall trees, and covered pathways.

The special feature of the park would be the irrigation system which collects and pumps condensed water from the humid atmosphere through a water-cooling system located in the tower. A total of 15 million gallons of water is produced annually, from which a part is used for irrigation.

This project not only fulfils the functional needs in an energy-efficient way but also meets the aesthetic standards of the highly developed nation.

4. Where the River Runs, Wuhan

Vienna- Beijing-based architecture firm Penda’s landscape pavilion ‘Where the River Runs’ won the international Garden Expo in 2015. The expo aimed to highlight the importance of clean water and protecting the environment . The pavilion is designed to take the visitor on a journey through hills and valleys that resembles the path of a river.

Stating that water is the main connection between people and nature, the pavilion aims to spread awareness about sustainable living. At the beginning of the tour, at the entrance, visitors are offered seeds of local flowers and fruits that are sown by them on the ‘river bed’.

5. Gardens by the Bay, Singapore

Spread across 102 hectares, Gardens by the bay is one of the largest landscape projects in the world. Designed by Grant Associates the project aims to strengthen the “city in a garden” vision of Singapore. The infrastructure involves the conservation of endangered plants native to Singapore. Exhibiting plants and flowers from the Mediterranean-type climatic regions and Tropical Montane are 2 biomes designed by Wilkinson Eyre Architects.

Designed based on sustainability and nature-inspired are two other structures – the Supertrees and the Cooled Conservatories . These structures are technologically driven having water and energy conservation systems integral to each other. Along with being a highly popular tourism spot, implementation of rainwater harvesting, ventilation, and micro-climate management are some other features that can be seen in the Bay.

6. Solar City, Linz

The Austrian town, Linz was redeveloped during 1998 as it was in urgent need of expansion. The design aimed to create an ecological and balanced washland landscape design. The town was placed between two adjoining rivers that restricted the area for expansion. Atelier Dreiseitl, an architecture firm, won the competition to design the town. The natural washland was not disturbed and agricultural lands were increased.

The first phase of the project had 32.5 hectares of building land that offered to house 4,500 people with the necessary facilities and 20 hectares of parkland. Groundwater supplementation flourished and man-made wetlands and gardens were occupied by natural flora and fauna. A dry streambed has re-flourished and a total of 1500 trees were planted in parklands.

7. Hoesan White Lotus Pond, Jeonranamdo

The largest habitat of white lotus is located in Muan, Korea, and is a famous tourist attraction. An ecological festival is held where people from different places come to see the rare white lotus flowers blooming in summer. It has a symbolic viewing deck designed by the Ctopos Design firm, based on the form of a lotus.

The place is divided into 5 different parts of the lotus that show the implication of the flower in design. With a breathtaking view, the pond is the largest habitat for the rare white lotus covering an area of 330,000sqm.

Hoesan White Lotus Pond, Jeonranamdo - Sheet1

8. Railroad Park, Alabama

Designed by Tom Leader Studio, the Railroad Park is built along the railway corridor of 11 tracks that were once operational and a warehouse where bricks were made. The materials found on the site were remains of historic use. The park successfully brings in water from harvested water on-site and useable recycled industrial water from off-site. to create a large reservoir which is also used for irrigation and the summer fountains.

The park is also designed to have OATs and places for small and large events. The southern half of the park was excavated to build a new lake and water system. The excavated earth from the southern site was used to create knolls along the rails with seating carved into them.

9. Vanke Research Centre, Shenzhen

A research centre that is built in the rapidly growing city in China is a place where studies are based on special architectural materials, low-energy consumption methodology, and eco-landscape study. The main aim of the design was to reduce the maintenance and make the place self-sustaining. This was achieved by using a stormwater management system and low-maintenance construction and planting materials.

The “Ripple Garden” consists of two triangular portions where the slope of the lawn and water waves are adjusted to realize the infiltration process without logging the water. The “Windmill Garden” has a 32m tall windmill which is used to generate power for pumping the collected stormwater to the building roof for oxygen exposure.

Vanke Research Centre, Shenzhen - Sheet1

10. Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London

The 274 acres of parkland is designed by Hargreaves Associates for the London Games, the “Greenest Games”. It is considered as the “Winner of the Games” by the Mayor of London. It is built on historical land and has seen many British traditions and events for the past 150 years.

The main aim of the design was to focus on sustainability by restoring River Lea, having themed gardens based on different countries that took part in the Olympic Games and ecological parks. The northern park has industrial canals which are converted into a natural river corridor with meadows and wetlands. The South park focuses on the themed Olympic Parks with colourful gardens and sculptures.

Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London - Sheet1

11. Aalborg Waterfront II, Aalborg

Located in Denmark, the Aalborg Waterfront II is a landscape/urban design which aimed to revitalize and redevelop the abandoned industrial harbor that was blocking the connection to the main city center. C.F. Møller Landscape in collaboration with Vibeke Rønnow Landscape Architects started the Stage II design of the waterfront which involved a concert hall and a house of music.

The main idea of the second phase was the continuation of the waterfront promenade as a “marsh” along with a curving urban plinth. It has a rich plantation that consists of trees, shrubs, and grasses that are native to North Jutland.

12. Guthrie Green Urban Park, Tulsa

Designed by SWA Group in the USA the park is built on a site previously used as a truck loading facility. The park is now a gathering space and acts as an urban square with fountains, a multipurpose lawn, an outdoor stage with vine-covered green rooms.

There is a ground-source heat pump under the park. It has 120 dried walls with a depth of 153m which generates 600 tons of heating or cooling distributed in underground pipes across 11,148gqm of land. The heat pumps are supplied with energy generated by the photovoltaic panels on the roofs. This saves 60% of the energy requirement. The geo-exchange system makes the park a successful sustainable design.

Guthrie Green Urban Park, Tulsa - Sheet1

13. Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square, Santa Monica

A flat parking lot was transformed into a dynamic landscape project with an urban square by landscape architect James Corner Field Operations and architecture firm Fredrick Fisher and Partners. A few hundred plants and trees were planted on the site. The irrigation of the green areas is done by obtaining water from the nearby Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) water reclamation facility.

Park lighting is an important element in landscape design which has been kept to a minimum in Tongya Park by using LED and other energy-efficient lighting fixtures. Materials were procured locally like the non-tropical hardwood trees. Recycled parts, low VOC paints, and anti-graffiti surfaces were used to reduce the maintenance of the urban square.

Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square, Santa Monica - Sheet1

14. The Crystal, London

As a part of the Cities Initiative, Siemens hired Townshend Architects to design a sustainable public square. The aim was to create an urban landscape that is an ecological centre in the middle of a city. The project aimed to get BREEAM “Outstanding” and LEED Platinum ratings. The landscape materials used were grade A or greater than BRE Green Guide Specification.

The biodiversity aspect was supposed to be covered for a BRE rating. So, along with resourceful amenities, they added native wildlife meadows and traditional flower gardens. The plants specified are climate-sensitive to reduce water consumption. A black water recycling system is used for irrigation purposes.

15. Tianjin National Park, Tianjin

Located in one of the top cities of China, Tianjin national park was built to maintain the high-water table and prevent seawater from encroaching the city. The harsh climate was another key aspect that had to be taken care of with large open space dynamics with shading and landscape.

The waterfront has a great view of the gallery and the museum has a trail where rows of trees were planted to control the cold Mongolian winds and store water for irrigation. The urban waterfront square creates a calming and refreshing atmosphere amidst a bustling city highlighting the culture and traditions as well.

Spandana is an architecture student with a curious mind, who loves to learn new things. An explorer trying to capture the tangible and intangible essence of architecture through research and writing. She believes that there is a new addition to the subject everyday and there is more to it than what meets the eye.

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Landscape Architecture Foundation: Sasaki Project Case Studies

Landscape Architecture
LAF Case Studies

The Landscape Performance Series Case Study Briefs are a searchable database of evaluations of over 180 exemplary built projects, produced by the Landscape Architecture Foundation (LAF).

Sasaki is proud to have multiple projects in the LAF case study collection. Since 2011, we have partnered with academic research teams from the University of Southern California, the University of Maryland, Texas A&M University, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the Illinois Institute of Technology, Auburn University, Tongji University, and North Carolina State University who have independently assessed the environmental, social, and economic benefits of various parks, plazas, streetscapes, and waterfronts designed by Sasaki. This pairing of academic researchers with practitioners is a critical opportunity to further our evidence-based approach to design, providing valuable lessons as we continue to advance the scientific rigor of our work.

Wilmington Waterfront Park

Chicago Riverwalk

Gulf State Park

Beijing Olympic Forest Park , schematic design by Sasaki, final design by THUPDI

Xuihui Runway Park

Tom Hanafan River’s Edge Park

Moore Square Park

See more of our landscape architecture projects , people , and voices .

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12 Projects that Explain Landscape Urbanism and How It's Changing the Face of Cities

Written by Vladimir Gintoff
Published on April 06, 2016

In his new book Landscape as Urbanism , Charles Waldheim , the John E. Irving Professor and Chair of Landscape Architecture at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design , argues that in order to understand the twenty-first century metropolis, “a traditional understanding of the city as an extrapolation of architectural models and metaphors is no longer viable given the prevalence of larger forces or flows. These include ruptures or breaks in architectonic logic of traditional urban form as compelled by ecological, infrastructural, or economic change.”

In other words, spatial constructions in urban environments should no longer be attached to intractable functions or intent on isolation, but should instead integrate into the fabric of the city. These types of projects must be flexible to the inevitable changes in functionality and purpose that are byproducts of economic change and evolutions in land-use intentions. The dozen projects featured here are exemplary of such practices, both in how they adapt to past interventions and in how they move beyond the notion of a static future for urban conditions that are perpetually in flux.

Completed Projects

1. Parc de la Villette (Paris, France) / Bernard Tschumi

Built on a site that was once the largest wholesale meat market and slaughterhouse in northeast Paris, Parc de la Villette was a new typology for landscape design in that it did not preface nature or architecture, but instead generated hybrid forms that integrate the man-made with the vegetal. Unlike parks of the past that sought out beauty and specificity of function, Tschumi's landscape is a flexible space which acknowledges that the public realm is transient.

2. Yokohama International Passenger Terminal (Yokohama, Japan) / Foreign Office Architects (FOA)

Made possible by the dramatic enhancements to computer-aided design, Yokohama Terminal was one of the first projects to utilize digital design technologies. The infrastructural project championed landscape urbanist principals in a facility that creates circulation through shaped surfaces that serve and accentuate the site's functions.

3. Millenium Park (Chicago, Illinois) / SOM (Park Masterplan)

Built on what was once parking lots, bus lanes, and a train yard, Millennium Park is cheekily called "the world's largest roof garden" by masterplan designers SOM. The site completed Daniel Burnham's 100-year vision for the Chicago lakefront in a settings that is both classical and contemporary, with grand promenades, a Frank Gehry-designed bandshell, and beloved public sculptures, above two-levels of parking, bus lanes, and a renovated and expanded train station.

4. Olympic Sculpture Park (Seattle, Washington) / Weiss/Manfredi

The sculpture park is built atop a former brownfield site in a zig-zag form that crisscrosses over a major arterial road and train route. In a gradual descent – 40 feet from the city to ground level – the pedestrian path reestablishes a connection to the adjacent waterfront on the last open parcel of land.

5. Beijing Capital International Airport (Beijing, China) / Foster + Partners

As one of the largest airport terminals in the world, Beijing Capital exemplifies what Charles Waldheim describes as "sites whose scale, infrastructural connectivity, and environmental impacts outstrip a strictly architectonic model of city making."

6. The High Line (New York City, New York) / James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio + Renfro, with Piet Oudolf

Perhaps the most well-known project on this list, the High Line is a park built on top of a defunct elevated railway on the West Side of Manhattan. After decades in disuse, the tracks had become a self-seeded park that the design by Field Operations, DS+R and Piet Oudolf sought to honor in spirit, but also augment with amenities like paved paths, benches, lawn spaces, and gardens.

7. Klyde Warren Park (Dallas, Texas) / The Office of James Burnett

Built as a vegetal cap to the Woodall Rodgers Freeway, Klyde Warren Park seeks to correct some of the shortsightedness that allowed highway systems to bisect neighborhoods and blight so many American downtowns in the twentieth century rush to develop car infrastructure. The 5.2 acre park bridges Downtown to the adjacent Arts District with amenities that include a performance stage, restaurant, dog park, playground, great lawn, and a garden of native plants.

Hypothetical, Ongoing, and Under Construction Projects

8. BIG U (New York City, New York) / Bjarke Ingels Group

In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, New York's Rebuild by Design initiative was meant to generate solutions for regional vulnerabilities that would prepare the metropolitan region for future storms. In need of a wall that isn't a wall, in the words of Bjarke Ingels, "[BIG U is] a string of pearls of social and environmental amenities tailored to their specific neighborhoods, that also happens to shield their various communities from flooding." In other words, BIG U is a series of landscaped interventions that create spaces for everyday recreation, but could endure the brunt of a major storm if the need were to arise.

9. 11th Street Bridge (Washington DC) / OMA, OLIN

Repurposing an aging highway bridge over the Anacostia River, OMA and OLIN's proposal would use the viaduct as a community building park space for populations on both sides of the river. The program calls for rain gardens, an amphitheater, hammock grove, cafe, plaza, lawn space, and plots for urban agriculture.

10. Willamette Falls Riverwalk (Oregon City, Oregon) / Mayer/Reed, Snøhetta, DIALOG

The second-largest falls in the United States, the Riverwalk design by Mayer/Reed, Snøhetta, and DIALOG seeks to reintroduce the public to a site that was overwhelmed by industrialization during the late-nineteenth and twentieth century. The plans call for the preservation of existing industrial structures with new interventions that will weave the public through adjacent structures built around the geological formation.

11. West Louisville Food Port (West Louisville, Kentucky) / OMA

A facility that unifies the growing, selling and distribution of food into a mixed-use plan of previously separate entities, Food Port repurposes a former tobacco plant into “[an] active economic and community hub” meant to unravel the commercialization of food production in the United States.

12. Freshkills Park (Staten Island, New York City) / James Corner Field Operations

A 2,200 acre park masterplan being built on top of what once was the largest landfill in the world. The Field Operations design, won by competition in 2001 and begun in 2006, will continue to transform the park over the next two decades. Completion is expected in 2035.

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A Case Study Method For Landscape Architecture

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Case studies are widely used in most professions, including medicine, law, engineering, business, planning, and architecture. This practice is becoming increasingly common in landscape architecture as well. The primmy body of knowledge in landscape architecture is contained in the written and visual documentation—that is, stories—of projects, be it well-known ones such as New York's Central Park, or more modest projects such as a small neighborhood park. Together, these cases provide the primary form of education, innovation, and testing for the profession. They also serve as the collective record of the advancement and development of new knowledge in landscape architecture. This article summarizes a research project commissioned by the Landscape Architecture Foundation (LAF) in 1997 to develop a case study method for landscape architecture. The project concludes that the case study method is a highly appropriate and valuable approach in landscape architecture. This article presents a case study methodology for landscape architecture including its limits and benefits, a suggested methodology and format, and an example case study of Bryant Park in New York City. With increased rigor and funding, the case study method promises to be an increasingly common and effective form of analysis, criticism, and dissemination for landscape architecture research and practice.

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LA 437 Regional Design Studio

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Grant Park vs. Millennium Park: evolution of urban park development. [Comparison case studies] by Feixue Chen Call Number: Online Resource; *UIUC Online Collection; Full text - IDEALS Publication Date: 2013 Note: M.L.A.-- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013
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Professional Practice

Universal design.

Neighborhoods Streets Parks and Plazas Playgrounds Gardens

If we want everyone to participate in public life, we must design and build an inclusive public realm that is accessible to all. Public life can’t just be available to the abled, young, or healthy.

Everyone navigates the built environment differently, with abilities changing across a person's lifespan. The sizeable global population of people with physical, auditory, or visual disabilities, autism or neurodevelopmental and/or intellectual disabilities, or neuro-cognitive disorders will face greater challenges if we don’t begin to more widely apply universal design principles.

While the legal requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are typically met in public spaces like parks, plazas, streets, and gardens in the United States, these requirements are a minimum standard for accessibility. Because of their focus on technical aspects of accessibility over experiential quality, ADA standards often result in spaces that are still very challenging for people with disabilities to access, leaving them physically and mentally disconnected from public life. Many countries do not have basic accessibility requirements.

Landscape architects and designers can apply universal design principles to create more inclusive spaces for underserved communities, which include those who experience:

Disabilities: One billion people , or 15 percent of the worldwide population, experience some form of disability.

Aging: The global population of people over 65 years of age is expected to double, from 8.5 percent to 17 percent, by 2050, totaling 1.6 billion people .

Limited mobility: The World Health Organization estimates 75 million people, or 1 percent of the global population, require a wheelchair , with nearly a third of that group unable to access them. Lack of community access: 26.8 million, or 56 percent, of Americans over 65 live in suburbs, while 11 million, or 23 percent of Americans over 65 live in rural areas , with limited access to public transportation. Given older Americans prefer to age in place , rather than moving to a retirement community, neighborhoods must be designed for all ages and levels of mobility.

Neuro-cognitive disorders : Cognitive disabilities like Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia are more prevalent in older populations . Some 44 million, or 0.6% of the global population suffer from Alzheimer’s. 16 million people in the U.S. alone have cognitive disabilities. Diminished sensory, cognitive, and motor skills limit people’s ability to navigate public spaces.

Neurodevelopmental and/or Intellectual Disabilities : Roughly 70 million people, or 1 percent of the world population are autistic. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1 in 6 children in the United States had a developmental disability in 2006-2008. As of 2014, 1 in 59 children aged 8, or 70,000 8-year-olds , in the US, are autistic. Autistic people are often overwhelmed by visual stimulation, the acoustic environment, lighting, and odor present within the built environment.

Blindness and Low Vision: Worldwide, 1.3 billion people , 17 percent of the population, have some form of visual disability, 217 million people, 3 percent of the population, have a moderate to severe vision disability, and 36 million people, or 0.5 percent of the population, are blind. Intersections, poorly-lit spaces, and sudden level changes can be dangerous for people with low vision.

Deafness and Hardness of Hearing: Worldwide, there are 466 million people with a hearing disability, a number expected to grow to 900 million people by 2050. Some 70 million deaf people around the world rely on visual communication (sign language). There are over 300 documented signed languages in use around the world.

Universal landscape planning and design ensures people with disabilities can better participate in public life. These principles, which build off The Center for Universal Design’s principles , should guide the planning and design of all public spaces, regardless of intended audience:

Accessible: All public spaces should be physically accessible to everyone, regardless of their physical, cognitive, or mental ability. Specific areas of public spaces shouldn't be designed for people with specific disabilities; all public spaces should work for everyone.

Comfortable: A feeling of safety is the baseline for feeling comfortable, but an inclusive sense of belonging helps everyone to feel comfortable in a space. Universal design offers options for people with a range of abilities and disabilities, fostering feelings of belonging.

Participatory: Landscape architects and designers should always co-design with people with disabilities. Abled landscape architects and designers won’t know all of the difficulties that people with disabilities experience in environments designed without them in mind. Disabled landscape architects and designers can also bring their unique experience and understanding to create more accessible spaces. Note: Some people, such as those with advanced dementia, may not be able to clearly articulate their challenges with the built environment. In these instances, landscape architects must work with healthcare providers to create solutions.

Ecological: Exposure to nature and green space is proven to provide mental, cognitive, and physical health benefits for people of all ages and abilities. Universal design should provide these benefits throughout the built environment, creating spaces people want to visit and spend time in, while fostering ecological resilience and supporting biodiversity.

Legible: Clear and understandable designs, with very legible multi-sensory signage and signals, help people of all ages and abilities to understand how to move through spaces. Delineating places of movement and relaxation can help people understand how spaces are meant to function as well.

Multi-Sensory: Navigation in the built environment depends almost entirely on visual cues. Incorporating design elements that can be accessed through different senses provides other systems of navigation. For example, the use of auditory, haptic, and textural cues can aid in wayfinding and enrich experiences for all.

Predictable: Maintaining the same clear and understandable design cues throughout a public space creates predictable environments for people of all ages and abilities, increasing comfort and safety.

Walkable / Traversable: Often, people with disabilities are limited in the distances they can travel. In too many communities, walking or using a wheelchair are not options because the environment has been designed primarily for cars. Walkable / traversable communities, which feature wide sidewalks and bicycle lanes, provide amenities like shops, restaurants, and medical facilities nearby, meaning those with limited range can manage and maintain many aspects of their lives independently.

A special thanks to our expert advisory panel for their guidance: Danielle Arigoni , director of livable communities, AARP; Brian Bainnson , ASLA, founder, Quatrefoil Inc.; Melissa Erikson , ASLA, principal, director of community design services, MIG, Inc.; Emily O’Mahoney , FASLA, partner, 2GHO; Clare Cooper Marcus , Hon. ASLA, professor emerita of architecture and landscape architecture and environmental planning, University of California, Berkeley; Danielle Toronyi , OLIN; Alexa Vaughn , Associate ASLA, Deaf landscape designer at OLIN. The guide was written by Ian Dillon and Jared Green. This guide is a living resource, so we invite you to submit research, studies, articles, and projects you would like to see included.

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Loyola University Lake Shore Campus

Landscape performance benefits, environmental.

Captures and infiltrates 22% of stormwater runoff for a design storm through the use of underground infiltration trenches and storage vaults.
Reduces energy use by 63,064 kWh and saves $3,600 annually by switching to LED light fixtures on pedestrian light poles.
Increases awareness of green infrastructure with campus landscape tours that serve 400-800 visitors per year, educational signage, and self-guided tour materials.
Provides land for a community garden with 196 raised beds used by residents from the surrounding neighborhood.
Hosts over 50 outdoor events annually.
Produces over 2,500 lbs of produce and $4,000 in revenue on less than 1/3 of an acre through a student-run, on-campus urban gardening program. 20% of the produce raised is donated to local food banks.
Saved over $182,000 through reutilization and retrofitting of existing light poles.
Influenced decision to enroll for 82.6% of 431 incoming freshmen, who selected the "attractive campus" as the second most popular factor in their decision to enroll at the university.

At a Glance

SmithGroupJJR

Project Type

School/University

Former Land Use

1032 W Sheridan Rd Chicago , Illinois 60660 Map it

Climate Zone

Humid continental

$30,000,000

Completion Date

2007 - Master plan and stormwater master plan; 2009 - 2014 - completion of various projects

Founded in 1870, Chicago’s Jesuit Loyola University relocated to its main 35-acre Lake Shore Campus on Lake Michigan in 1912. Loyola’s sustainability mission drove a 2007 university-wide infrastructure framework plan and campus master plan that has led to a series of improvements meant to improve ecological function, promote sustainability education, and strengthen connections to neighboring communities. The Lake Shore Campus represented a unique opportunity to address critical stormwater concerns for a lakefront location through the installation of a series of on-site stormwater filtration systems. The Lake Shore Campus features 11 LEED Gold-certified buildings, and Loyola’s 3 campuses have the most green roof area of any Midwestern college. Thanks to its strong focus on creating a more environmentally-friendly campus, the university has earned a 4th place distinction in the Sierra Club’s “America’s Greenest Colleges” rankings.

The campus was required to meet the City of Chicago’s stormwater standards for reduced discharge as if it was a Planned Unit Development, which required the capture of the first 0.5 in of runoff and reduction of impervious surfaces by 15%. Since the university is located adjacent to Lake Michigan, the project was exempted from the reduction of impervious surfaces but was still required to capture the first 0.5 in of runoff.

The design team was able to meet or exceed the required runoff reductions through the use of on-site filtration of stormwater, infiltration trenches, and green roofs on new buildings. The infiltration trenches provide storage for the initial 0.5 in of runoff, with the added benefit of allowing water to infiltrate down into the sandy native soils. The on-site filtration of the stormwater allows that water to be discharged to the lake, which helps with flow management as the city does not restrict the flow rate when discharging to the lake. The green roofs aid in capturing the first 0.5 in of precipitation and slowing the discharge of water from the roof, reducing the demand on the stormwater system downstream.

3.5 million gallons of stormwater are filtered on site through a hydrodynamic separator and sand filter to capture 100% of floatables and neutrally buoyant debris as small as 2.4 mm. Stormwater discharges into Lake Michigan, and the pipes were sited to accommodate future increases in lake levels.
In the East Quad, over 65,000 gallons of stormwater storage is provided by an underground infiltration area and a gravel base under the permeable pavers. Underground infiltration areas take advantage of fast-draining native sandy soils, draining up to 10.8 in of water per hour in some locations.
There are 52,795 sf of green roof plantings across 15 buildings on all 3 of Loyola’s campuses, 11 of which are located on the Lake Shore Campus. All plantings are sedum-based except for the Quinlan Life Sciences Building, which incorporates prairie-style plantings to provide habitat for birds and insects.
24 species of native plants were incorporated into the campus landscape, including swamp white oak ( Quercus bicolor ), basswood ( Tilia americana ), eastern redbud ( Cercis canadensis ), ninebark ( Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Diabolo’), and cinnamon fern ( Osmunda cinnamomea ). This represents an increase of 90% from prior to the landscape architect’s involvement.
195,686 sf of impervious surface parking lots and roadways were replaced with 80,000 sf of permeable sidewalks and green space, reducing runoff and creating a pedestrian-friendly campus core. Two perimeter parking decks were constructed to accommodate on-site parking for faculty and staff members.
30,600 sf of synthetic turf was installed at Sean Earl Field to provide a low-maintenance, high-use sports area for soccer, flag football, and other athletic activities.
A 3,000-gallon rainwater harvesting cistern on the first floor of the Institute of Environmental Sustainability building captures roof runoff for greenhouse irrigation, aquaponics, and toilet flushing.
All exterior street lighting on campus utilizes LED bulbs to reduce energy consumption.
A 1,000-sf outdoor amphitheater-style garden seating area in the east quad provides space for teachers and students to hold classes outdoors.
Over 30 bicycle racks support student and faculty use of alternative modes of transportation. The university further encourages the use of bicycles by providing discounted prices for a bicycle lock that retails for approximately $70. Students can purchase the lock for $20; faculty and staff can purchase one for $35.
The Ecodome is a 3,100-sf greenhouse that is incorporated into the center of the Institute of Environmental Sustainability building and serves as a common space and research laboratory.

The green campus has iconic value for the University. The green campus initiative was the foundation for a significant campus revival, and it is now being used as an advertising campaign to attract new students, public interest, and revenue from donors. The university is capitalizing on the current wave of support for environmental awareness and energy conservation by reconstructing its reputation around a green, sustainable campus. As the university sustainability web page states, “Sustainability isn’t a buzzword or a fad at Loyola. It’s a way of life. We take sustainability to heart and apply it to everything we do—from the courses we offer to the buildings we construct.” This is most apparent in recent construction throughout the campus. The university has focused on creating LEED-certified buildings as it grows. To date, the campus has added 5 LEED Gold-certified buildings and 4 LEED Silver-certified buildings.

In order to gauge how this effort is impacting the decision-making of potential incoming students, the university recently conducted a survey of newly-admitted students. Of the 431 student respondents who committed to attending Loyola in fall 2015, 85.3% rated the university’s commitment to sustainability as good or excellent. Placing this survey on a scale of 1 to 5, the mean response was high at 4.69 out of 5.

The university’s sustainability efforts have also captured the attention of the Sierra Club. The prioritization of green campus policies has resulted in Loyola University Chicago’s #4 ranking in the Sierra Club’s “America’s Greenest Colleges.” The university’s efforts to reduce vehicle counts on campus has earned the #9 spot on the list of top schools with the fewest on-campus students with automobiles. Only 5% of students who live on campus have automobiles. Being ranked on lists like these is an important way for the university to gain exposure to potential students who embrace a sustainable lifestyle.

The university is making a serious effort to educate Chicago area residents about their ongoing green initiative. The university has placed numerous advertisements in downtown Chicago, appropriately located on the side of solar-powered garbage compactors, which reinforce the university’s green campus initiative.

The university, faculty, and students are also using the campus for research and sustainability projects. The university’s Institute of Environmental Sustainability (IES) has created a course entitled Solutions To Environmental Problems (STEP) , which is a response to student requests for opportunities to work with faculty, staff and working professionals to research solutions to environmental and sustainability issues. The courses have focused on topics like biodiesel, food systems, and water.

The STEP courses have created numerous campus-wide initiatives that have had long-lasting impacts on the university community. The food systems courses developed a student-run Loyola Farmers Market in 2011. Students continue to grow produce on campus and have created an Urban Agriculture Demonstration Garden Project based on the initial crop productions. Student workers have also created their own student group called the Growers’ Guild. The food systems course participants also identified the many edible plants in the campus landscape and prepared an online guide that identifies the plants and their locations on campus, along with a harvest calendar that is also hosted online.

The water courses introduce the students to the history, economics, politics, and issues involved with water as a resource. Student projects and investigations have focused on aquaponics, sustainable fish farming, water contaminants, irrigation, and rainwater harvesting. The group has also worked on providing input to the university on refining the campus wide water conservation policy. The biodiesel class has resulted in a biodiesel production system that converts waste cooking oil into biodiesel. One of the byproducts from the biodiesel production process is glycerin, from which the students began to produce soap. The group is also manufacturing a biodiesel-based Tiki Torch oil. These production projects have turned into successful student-run businesses that feed their profit back into the system to improve their programs and support future ideas.

Permeable pavers (with an aggregate base to support vehicular loads) range from $10-$15 per sf, while concrete with ranges from $6-$7 for a vehicular-rated thickness, for an overall cost difference of $320,000-$640,000 for 80,000 sf of pavement. Since these walkways also serve as service drives and emergency access, the sidewalks had to be able to withstand vehicular loads. While the permeable pavers have a higher installation cost, it is offset by the porosity of the surface, which reduces stormwater runoff and the amount of required stormwater storage.
When a client utilizes the same design team (landscape architects, architects, and engineers) for multiple projects, there are significant benefits. The design team is able to learn and understand the client’s needs and desires and consistently meet those requirements based on previous experience with the client. The design team is also able to build a strong working relationship with the client, which can make the client more open to suggestions of alternative solutions like on-site filtration of stormwater or permeable pavements. The relationship between the university and the design team has resulted in the completion of over a dozen different construction projects on the Lake Shore Campus.
Construction costs were controlled through an integrated project delivery (IPD) model where the general contractor was on board for all projects prior to document completion and worked with the landscape architect to identify efficiencies in design that would have a direct impact on cost. For example, constructing components of the overall stormwater management strategy earlier in the construction process achieved significant cost savings in consolidating scope and mobilization. This reduced overall project schedule duration and expedited construction and availability of the job site for additional project implementation.
Additional cost savings were possible because the university was in a strong financial situation to implement the construction of major projects during the economic downturn of 2008-2010, which allowed the projects to benefit from aggressive bidding by contractors and material suppliers. This allowed the work to be completed for less than original estimates of construction costs.

Underground Water Storage: Storm Trap Water Filtration System: Contech Vortech Pavers: Unilock Pedestrian Lighting: Sternberg 1335 LED Revere Series

Project Team

Landscape Architect and Civil Engineer: SmithGroupJJR Architect: Solomon Cordwell Buenz (SCB) Electrical Engineering: Elara General Contractor: Power Construction

Role of the Landscape Architect

This group of landscape architects and civil engineers built a long-term partnership with the university. This project is a great example of how a long-term relationship can benefit the client as it can result in a continuous and consistent vision throughout multiple projects. The campus renovation began with the creation of a framework plan that included a stormwater master plan, which provided an outline for campus improvements. From there, the team worked incrementally to implement the project phase by phase to revitalize the campus using a uniform and holistic approach.

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Design Through Landscape Architecture for Residential Common Spaces in Japan

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research

Landscape architecture focuses on studying and designing indoor and outdoor environments. It entails the elements of architecture, art, engineering, and other sociological factors. Accordingly, the landscape architects design the spaces buildings that give life to the structures. Landscape architecture is visible in parks, streets, shared paths, plazas. Shopping malls, apartment compounds, transport networks, and gardens are also examples of landscape architecture. Furthermore, the works of landscape architecture are also visible in museums, memorials, cemeteries, universities, and other schools. Modern architects have designed different permanent structures that will stand for a long period of time. Notwithstanding the preceding, the discourse on what qualifies as landscape architecture and what does not is yet to be settled. This discussion elucidates the process of research through design in landscape architecture, the literature regarding the field, and conducts a case study of ...

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repository.tudelft.nl

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Case Study: Mariposa Garden House by Renée del Gaudio Architecture

Butting up against the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Boulder is a city whose residents take outdoor recreation seriously. With a horizon dominated by the bulky prows of mountains, it’s not hard to imagine that this landscape is deeply ingrained in the local psyche, and that domesticity and nature share equal importance. Indeed, this 1948 house’s connection to its site was what appealed to the owners when they purchased it nearly a decade ago. Located in Lower Chautauqua, a neighborhood at the base of the Boulder Flatirons, the house is a short walk from park trails, and its meandering footprint brought in the surrounding gardens at nearly every turn.

Of course, there was a catch. Mid-century ranch houses often suffer from low ceilings and dysfunctional floor plans, and that was the case here. The couple, who have a preteen son, hired longtime friend Renée del Gaudio, AIA, to undertake a considerable challenge: redraw the building three-dimensionally on the original foundation. They also requested a detached studio for the wife, who paints and owns an interior design business. “The qualities of the original house, the way it connected to the landscape, was what inspired the new project,” Renée says. “The new design made it even stronger, pulling from the original footprint.”

To ground the building in its setting, the working concept became “a house of gardens and light.” This required new massing, reorienting the windows, and a new roof design, including adding a partial second story that expanded the interior to 2,475 square feet from the original 1,750 square feet. “It was complicated working with the existing foundation,” Renée says. “It would have been easier to start fresh. But what we all loved about the original foundation was that because it took all these twists and turns, it allowed the gardens to come in at interior corners. The challenge was to turn the footprint into something that had rhythm, order, and clarity.”

She imposed that order by clearing out every interior wall and rebuilding the exterior walls almost exactly where they were on the original foundation. Diagrammatically, the house has a tall, clerestory-lit living and dining core facing the covered porch and backyard garden, with the entry, office, kitchen and breakfast area, guest room, and the son’s bedroom rotating around it. This move preserved the inside corners of those slightly doglegged spaces, creating convenient voids for plantings.

“We created a central open floor plan that pushed that ceiling volume up to 12 feet and let all of the more private spaces surround it at a lower ceiling height of less than 9 feet,” Renée says. “Motorized clerestory windows open to vent the house at the ceiling where the heat builds up and bring natural light to all the interior spaces.” The pop-up second level housing the TV room and the couple’s suite stretches front to back along the east side, its balcony providing a roof for the back porch. A glass railing along the hallway opens an airy view to the living area below.

The existing footprint also informed the layout of a 16-foot-wide sliding glass window wall system that opens the core of the house to the rear porch. “We wanted the sliding doors to face north so as not to overheat the house,” Renée says. “They are under the deep cantilever of the main bedroom roof deck.”

Clean Sweep

Another key indoor-outdoor connector is the thick masonry chimney, which anchors the entire design and makes poetry out of something mundane. On the first floor, the interior side holds a gas fireplace facing the dining table, while outside it houses a cooking grill. The middle is hollowed out and lined with the same Sioux City ebonite brick that wraps the chimney, creating a mudroom “arch” between the back porch and breakfast room. Upstairs it holds an outdoor fireplace on the main bedroom balcony. “The couple’s bedroom is really private, nested in trees,” Renée says. “The chimney screens them from the street to the west, and their deck looks to the big gardens on the north.”

If the new floor plan gave the house a more functional layout, the framing, shell, and finishes reinforce that rigor. Layered rooflines express not only its massing and organization but the bold strokes that bring light into the building and send it out to the street at night. Black-painted steel framing complements the king-size chimney brick and the ceilings and soffits made of exposed Douglas fir rafters and rustic-grade cedar planking (only the 12-foot-high core has a drywall ceiling). Dark gray and highly polished, the first floor’s 3-inch-thick radiant concrete slab is heated with an 8kW solar array that takes the home to net-zero energy use, including powering the garage’s two electric car charging outlets. The stairs and second floor are oak with a light gray stain.

“Inside we were going for earthy neutrals,” Renée says, adding that the wife designed all the finishes, including the slate kitchen counter and waterfall island countertop, and custom walnut cabinets.

The reconfigured floor plan syncs nicely with the family’s daily life. Positioned near the front of the house, the office bump-out has an exterior door, which comes in handy for meeting clients without sacrificing privacy when she is working from home. And the detached art studio, just across the yard from the son’s bedroom, doubles as the perfect hangout for him and his friends or lodging for overnight guests.

Plant Based

Although the design team didn’t have the luxury of siting the house on the lot, its large window and door openings now offer a fine perspective on the gardens. Early on, Marpa Landscape was brought on board to create a modern landscape template, using as much of the existing scheme as possible. Private rooms in the notched spaces—office and son’s bedroom, plus the detached studio—have their own viewing gardens. New plants are low-water natives, and the liberal use of dark gray gravel reduced the amount of high-maintenance turfgrass. “A ditch runs along the west side, and the original landscape bermed up to it,” Renée says. “It’s a great feature, and they made it even better with granite boulders that create natural places for people to sit in the back garden.”

In many ways, this renovation achieved the maximum effect by extracting and elaborating on the house’s positive aspects. And like any successful restructure, it looks more inevitable than it was. “The whole thing was a bit like a Rubik’s Cube because we were working with a couple of old foundations, tying that with the new,” says builder Dan Flohrs, a longtime friend of the clients. “There was at least one, maybe even two remodels that had been added to the original foundation.” The construction crew built another small foundation at the rear bedroom, extending it east and north to make that side of the house slightly bigger so that the couple’s suite could settle lightly on top.

“It was incredibly tricky construction-wise, but those complications were resolved pretty smoothly with this amazing team,” Renée says. “This is an unusual project for me in that it was also very much a collaboration with the owner who was an interior designer, and with the landscape architect. Everyone knew each other, and it was a cool experience working together.”

Plans and Drawings

Project Credits

Mariposa Garden House

Boulder, Colorado

ARCHITECT: Renée del Gaudio, AIA, Renée del Gaudio Architecture , Boulder

BUILDER: Dan Flohrs, Coburn Partners , Boulder

INTERIOR DESIGNER: Stephanie Waddell, Istoria Interior Design, Boulder

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Marpa Landscape Architecture and Construction, Boulder

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: Anthem Structural Engineers, Boulder

PROJECT SIZE: 3,150 square feet

SITE SIZE: .31 acre

CONSTRUCTION COST: Withheld

PHOTOGRAPHY: David Lauer Photography

Key Products

CLADDING: Cedar shiplap

COOKTOP: Thermador

COUNTERTOPS: Slate, PaperStone

DECKING: Cali Bamboo

DISHWASHER: JennAir

DOORS: Kolbe Windows & Doors

FAUCETS: Brizo Litze, Kohler, Delta, California Faucets

FIREPLACE: Montigo, Town & Country (roof deck)

HUMIDITY CONTROL: Panasonic ERV

LIGHTING: FX Luminaire (exterior); Lightolier; Hammerton Studio Rock Crystal Chandelier (dining room)

LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM: Leviton Decora

PASSAGE DOORS: Quality Doors

PHOTOVOLTAICS: CED Greentech: 8kw Ecolibrium Solar

REFRIGERATOR: Thermador

ROOFING: TPO membrane

SINKS: Blanco, Kohler, Duravit

TANKLESS WATER HEATER: Navien

TOILETS: Duravit

TUB: Jacuzzi Linea

VENT HOOD: Best Range Hoods

WALL OVEN: JennAir

WASHER/DRYER: Electrolux

WINDOWS: Kolbe Windows & Doors

WINDOW SHADING SYSTEMS: Alta Window Fashions motorized shades

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📋 Structure:

Research: Shifts in Tourism.
Conceptualisation, Prototyping and Validation : (2.1) Collaborative ideation ; (2.2) Prototyping to validate hypotheses ; (2.3) Insights from customer discovery and user testing .
Evolving with User Insights : (3.1) A new value proposition ; (3.2) Iterated prototype ; (3.3) Next steps .
Final Remarks .

1) Shifts in Tourism

1.1) visitor diversification drives new opportunities.

Our research uncovered significant shifts in the global tourism landscape, particularly evident in Spain, a hotspot for international visitors.

In 2023 and 2024, tourist arrivals from the Americas surged by over 40% compared to 2016–2019, contrasting with 5% declines from traditional markets like Germany and the UK¹.

This variation in tourist demographics, coupled with an extended travel season ¹ beyond the typical summer months , presents a nuanced opportunity to cater to these new segments, especially in lesser-visited regions.

“If your customer base is aging with you, then eventually you are going to become obsolete or irrelevant. You need to be constantly figuring out who are your new customers and what are you doing to stay forever young.” — Jeff Bezos

Spain, capturing 22% of all nights spent by non-Europeans in Europe², sees a high concentration of visitors in just six regions³. This pattern not only strains resources but also dilutes the cultural essence that attracts travelers.

Our initiative aims to redistribute tourist interest more broadly across the country, leveraging local authenticity as a key attractor . How can we effectively channel this diverse tourist flow to benefit more regions and preserve the unique cultural fabric of Spain?

1.2) Evolving consumer preferences

Today’s tourists, especially Gen Z, prioritize authenticity ⁴ , sustainability, and immersive experiences ⁵. Studies show that these younger travelers are also more likely to make purchasing decisions that positively impact local economies. However, while sustainability remains important, it’s not the sole factor ⁶, as demonstrated by recent trends showing a slight decrease in the priority given to sustainability claims among European and American consumers ⁷ .

Digital tools have reshaped consumer behaviors significantly. Over half of all shoppers now turn to smartphones for pre-purchase research , relying heavily on search engines and retailer websites⁸. This shift indicates a crucial need for solutions that provide reliable, easily accessible information about local products.

1.3) Empowering local businesses and producers

Local businesses in Spain face stiff competition from large corporations and franchises ⁹, which benefit from economies of scale and widespread brand recognition.

Furthermore, local producers are increasingly challenged by cheap imports ¹⁰ , that likely do not comply with stringent EU regulations, escalating the struggle for market share and visibility¹¹.

This competitive landscape is compounded by a digital gap ; many local producers lack the necessary technology and skills¹² to effectively market their products online.

How can we bridge these disparities and provide local businesses with a platform to reach a broader audience and compete on a more level playing field?

2) Conceptualisation, Prototyping and Validation

2.1) collaborative ideation.

Our process to find answers was highly collaborative, following an adapted Design Sprint methodology to explore the problem, brainstorm, and converge on the most promising ideas.

The central question guiding our efforts was: How might we help tourists validate the authenticity of local products?

We drew inspiration from both experiential and technological elements. Experience-wise, we admired wineries for their immersive storytelling, and we explored technical feasibility by looking at blockchain for transparency and image recognition for enhancing user interaction.

What makes winery experiences so captivating? The success of these immersive experiences, where visitors not only taste wines but also learn about the winemaking process and local heritage, was particularly influential.

This model of combining product interaction with storytelling is central to our strategy. By offering tourists a narrative behind each local product , we aim to create a meaningful connection that goes beyond a simple transaction.

How can we ensure the authenticity of local products? Blockchain technology, as implemented by companies like IBM , offers a powerful tool for enhancing supply chain transparency. This ensures that every product’s journey from origin to consumer is trustworthy.

How do we make user interactions more engaging? We leveraged image recognition technologies to enrich user interactions. These technologies allow users to scan products and instantly access detailed information about their history and origins, creating a deeper, more engaging experience.

Ultimately, our goal is to create a platform that blends transparency, engagement, and local authenticity, setting a new standard for tourist interactions with local economies.

Wireframing helped us identify two key value areas: product scanning and the details page. This visual tool clarified user interactions and highlighted valuable features.

The scanning feature lets users easily identify local products and access origin and authenticity details. The product details page provides comprehensive information, including background stories, which enhance trust and user experience.

2.2) Prototyping to validate hypotheses

This ideation process converged into the creation of a first prototype designed to validate four key hypotheses.

Hypothesis 1: Tourists value authenticity in local products

The prototype features a scan screen that lets users take photos of products to instantly verify their authenticity. Once scanned, the app displays a visual confirmation that the product is “Authentic” and provides details about its origin.

Hypothesis 2: Local producers’ are willing to pay

We hypothesize that local producers will pay to be featured on a platform dedicated to local products. This platform offers them a way to differentiate from larger competitors and cheap imports by highlighting their products’ authenticity and quality. With the growing tourist demand for genuine local items, producers are likely to invest in a service that connects them directly with this targeted audience.

Hypothesis 3: Tourists value finding new local products

The prototype includes features such as a “Buy local products” section, where users can explore and purchase a curated selection of local products. By showcasing detailed information about the products, including their origins, production methods, and cultural significance, the app enhances the appeal of these local items.

Hypothesis 4: Interactive content, like virtual visits to production sites, will boost user engagement and purchase intent.

“People don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it.” — Simon Sinek

Experience-based shopping is growing in popularity, as consumers seek to learn about products’ origins. Our prototype includes a “Visit where it’s made” section with video tours of production sites, enhancing the purchase experience by showcasing the product’s authenticity and heritage.

2.3) Insights from customer discovery and user testing

The prototype testing phase was crucial. I engaged with target customers and users in ecological product stores and specialty coffee bars, gathering feedback from a diverse group within our target. Their feedback was invaluable, highlighting a strong preference for products endorsed by local reviews, and a keen interest in understanding more about product origins and authenticity.

This feedback loop provided significant insights, motivating me to continue iterating and learning more:

Market timing opportunity. This growing segment of tourists demonstrated substantial enthusiasm for local Spanish products, often engaging deeply — over an hour per session — sharing their frustrations and needs related to finding authentic local offerings. They were high-spend, well-informed, and environmentally conscious, frequently noting mismatches between their desires and what the local economy currently offers, such as difficulty in finding genuinely local products.

Initial signs of customers willing to pay. Initial feedback indicated a readiness among customers to be featured on the platform, with interest in transaction-based fees or payment for leads generated through the site. Their struggles with product discovery highlight a clear demand for more effective marketing solutions, evidenced by their inquiries about the sign-up process.

Users struggle with local products discovery . For example, tourists often visit multiple stores and search online reviews for recommendations, only to end up with generic products. This underscores the need for a trusted platform that consolidates authentic local offerings.

Reviews and ratings from local people. Tourists are actively seeking genuine experiences and place significant trust in local endorsements when making purchasing decisions. They shared experiences where popular platforms like Google Maps led them to overrated, inauthentic “tourist traps.”

Value of sustainability and product history. While tourists value sustainability and detailed product histories, these are seen as supplementary to the core demand for authenticity and local sourcing.

About the interviewed sample:

Two target customers who own local product businesses in Madrid.
Five potential users from the American continent, aged between 26 and 55, frequent visitors to Madrid staying for 1–2 weeks.
All participants had purchased Spanish products within the last three days and expressed a strong preference for continuing to consume local products during their stay.

3) Evolving with User Insights

3.1) a new value proposition.

After insightful feedback on user needs and usability, we conducted a new sprint to refine our approach. This led to an updated value proposition:

3.2) Iterated prototype v1.2

Driven by the initial feedback, this new version is designed to align with the new value proposition and introduce user experience improvements.

The new prototype emphasizes focused content, in alignment with the new value proposition. Ensuring that every feature and piece of information is relevant to user’s interests in authenticity and local culture. This means prioritizing the producer’s name, origin details, and local impact over more generic content.

Discovering local products is now more visually appealing. The new sections allow users to explore products that perfectly match their preferences for local and authentic experiences.

Here’s a look at the renovated product page:

We’ve simplified navigation and reduced the cognitive load.

By redesigning the structure, we’ve made it more intuitive and straightforward, allowing users to find what they need without unnecessary clicks. The layout now mirrors familiar e-commerce platforms, which helps in reducing the learning curve for new users.

The interface has been decluttered, focusing on a minimalist aesthetic that reduces cognitive overload. I’ve used clear, concise language and visual cues to guide the user naturally through their interactions without overwhelming them with too much information at once.

3.3) Next steps

To continue refining this solution, we first need to interview 10-20 more target customers to confirm value and validate the business model. Potential monetization models include: transaction fees, membership fees, advertising, or a cost-per-lead model where producers pay for each click that directs potential customers to their website. This model supports producers in gaining visibility and directly connecting with a targeted audience seeking authentic local experiences.

This is just the beginning, there are many additional questions to resolve, such as:

What are potential niches to start with — region, product category, or other?
How might we increase awareness of the app?
How might we incentivise local users to leave product reviews and ratings?
How might we create unique content to enrich product pages?

4) Final Remarks

This preliminary study highlights several unmet needs within the growing segment of tourists seeking authentic local products . The enthusiasm from potential users and customers’ willingness to pay for a solution validate the opportunity in this space.

Our findings indicate a strong demand for a platform that simplifies the discovery and purchase of genuine local products , but this is just the beginning.

The problem space extends beyond products. There is immense potential in connecting tourists with local experiences , ranging from unique dining options to cultural events. Each of these areas represents a chance to enhance the tourist experience and support local economies. By broadening our scope, we can address various facets of the tourist journey, creating a comprehensive solution that meets multiple needs.

As we move forward, we will continue to iterate on our findings, engage with our target audience, and refine our approach. The insights gained from this study are just the start. With a focus on authentic, hyper-local and immersive experiences, we are well-positioned to transform the way tourists interact with local cultures and economies.

[1]: Jiménez-García & García Esteban . (2024). Recent diversification of international tourist flows to Spain. https://doi.org/10.53479/36594

[2]: Eurostat. (2023). Tourism statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Tourism_statistics#Nights_spent_by_international_guests_in_the_EU:_Spain_on_top

[3]: Spanish Statistical Office — INE. Number of tourists according to autonomous community of main destination. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=23988&L=0

[4] EY. (2023). How can understanding the influence of Gen Z today empower your tomorrow? https://www.ey.com/en_us/consulting/2023-gen-z-study

[5] Centre for the Promotion of Imports. (2024). The European market potential for Gen Z tourism https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/tourism/gen-z/market-potential#what-makes-europe-an-interesting-market-for-gen-z-tourism

[6] McKinsey & Company. (2023). Consumers care about sustainability — and back it up with their wallets. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/consumers-care-about-sustainability-and-back-it-up-with-their-wallets

[7] McKinsey & Company. (2024). State of the Consumer 2024: What’s now and what’s next. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/state-of-consumer

[8] PwC. (2023). Decision points: Sharpening the pre-purchase consumer experience. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/consumer-markets/consumer-insights-survey.html

[9] IESE. (2016). Small businesses lose ground in Spain. https://www.iese.edu/insight/articles/small-businesses-suffer-crisis-spain/

[10] Elcano Royal Institute. (2024). Spanish farmers at the forefront of EU-wide protests. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/commentaries/spanish-farmers-at-the-forefront-of-eu-wide-protests/

[11] Eurostat. (2023). Extra-EU trade in agricultural goods. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Extra-EU_trade_in_agricultural_goods#Agricultural_products_-_developments_between_2013_and_2023

[12] Spanish Ministry of Agriculture. Digitisation Strategy for the Agri-food and Forestry Sector and Rural Areas. https://www.mapa.gob.es/images/en/digitisationstrategy_tcm38-513192.pdf

Written by Eusebio Graciani Higuero

Product + Design + Business + Tech https://www.linkedin.com/in/egraciani/

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