essay with modal verbs about yourself brainly

Modal Verbs: Useful Rules, List and Examples in English

Are you struggling to understand the concept of modal verbs? Look no further! In this article, we will dive into the basics of modal verbs and provide you with a clear understanding of their function in English grammar.

It is important to note that modal verbs have a unique set of rules that differ from regular verbs. For example, they do not use an “s” for the third person singular, and they make questions by inversion. It is also important to understand the different nuances of each modal verb and how they are used in context. So, let’s get started and explore the world of modal verbs together!

Definition of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are also known as modal auxiliary verbs or simply modals. Modal verbs are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more.

Modal verbs are always used in combination with ordinary verbs and they change the meaning of the verb to something different from simple fact. They are commonly used in English and are an essential part of the language.

The following are some of the most common modal verbs in English:

Each of these modal verbs has a specific meaning and usage in English. For example, “can” is used to express ability, “may” is used to express possibility, and “must” is used to express necessity.

Modal verbs are also used to create different tenses in English. For example, “could” is used to create the past conditional tense, while “will” is used to create the future tense.

It is important to note that modal verbs do not have infinitive or participle forms. They are always used in their base form, and they do not take the -ing or -ed endings.

In summary, modal verbs are a special class of auxiliary verbs that are used to modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. They are used to express different kinds of meanings such as possibility, ability, permission, necessity, and more. Understanding the usage of modal verbs is essential for effective communication in English.

Types of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express a range of meanings such as ability, permission, possibility, obligation, and advice. Here are the different types of modal verbs:

Modal verbs of ability express whether you are capable of doing something or not. The most common modal verbs of ability are “can” and “could.” Here are some examples:

• You can speak English fluently.
• I could run a marathon when I was younger.

Modal verbs of permission express whether you are allowed to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of permission are “may” and “can.” Here are some examples:

• May I leave early today?
• Can I borrow your car for the weekend?

Possibility

Modal verbs of possibility express the likelihood of something happening. The most common modal verbs of possibility are “may,” “might,” “could,” and “can.” Here are some examples:

• It may rain later today.
• The train might be delayed.
• She could be at home.

Modal verbs of obligation express whether you are required to do something or not. The most common modal verbs of obligation are “must” and “should.” Here are some examples:

• You must submit your report by Friday.
• You should apologize for your mistake.

Modal verbs of advice express recommendations or suggestions. The most common modal verbs of advice are “should” and “ought to.” Here are some examples:

• You should exercise regularly to stay healthy.
• You ought to try the new restaurant in town.

In summary, modal verbs are essential in expressing different meanings in English. Understanding the different types of modal verbs can help you communicate more effectively and accurately.

Modal Verbs: Rules & Examples

Learn how and when to use modal verbs in English with rules and example sentences.

1. To indicate that something is probable or possible, or not so.

For example:

• It is sunny today; it must be warm outside. = It is sunny today; it is probably warm outside.
• His mobile is not reachable; he may/might/could be travelling by metro. = His mobile is not reachable; it is possible that he is travelling by metro.
• This can’t be our bill. = It is not possible that this is our bill.

2. ‘Can’ and ‘could’ are used to refer to skills and abilities.

• He can cover a hundred metres in under ten seconds.
• My father could see perfectly before the age of fifty.
• I can’t ride a horse.

3. ‘Must’ is used to indicate that something is necessary or of extreme importance, and ‘should’ is used to suggest that something is advisable.

• You must do your homework.
• You mustn’t skip school.
• You should say sorry.
• You shouldn’t smoke.

4. ‘Can’, ‘could’ and ‘may’ are used to ask for, give and withhold permission.

• Can I try my hand at it?
• Could we disperse early today?
• You may not enter the premises.

5. ‘Will’ and ‘would’ are used to refer to habits and inclinations.

• When I was a child, I would often climb trees.
• I will never refuse you anything.
• He would never do such a thing.

Note : These verbs differ from ordinary verbs in 3 respects.

• When used with the third person singular (he, she), they don’t require the addition of an ‘s’.
• They can be used to form questions by inverting the structure of the sentence.
• They can be followed directly by the verb, without the use of ‘to’.

Usage of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are an essential part of English grammar. They are used to express a variety of meanings such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. In this section, we will discuss the usage of modal verbs in statements, questions, and negative sentences.

In Statements

Modal verbs are often used in statements to express various meanings. Here are some examples:

• Ability: “I can speak French fluently.”
• Possibility: “It may rain tomorrow.”
• Permission: “You may leave the room now.”
• Obligation: “You must finish your homework before going out.”

Note that when using modal verbs in statements, the main verb is always in its base form (infinitive) without “to.”

In Questions

Modal verbs are also commonly used in questions to ask for permission, ability, or possibility. Here are some examples:

• Permission: “May I leave the room now?”
• Ability: “Can you swim?”
• Possibility: “Could it be true?”

In questions, the modal verb is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence.

In Negative Sentences

Modal verbs can also be used in negative sentences to express the absence of ability, permission, or obligation. Here are some examples:

• Ability: “I cannot speak French fluently.”
• Permission: “You may not leave the room now.”
• Obligation: “You must not forget to lock the door.”

In negative sentences, the word “not” is added after the modal verb.

It is important to note that some modal verbs have different meanings depending on the context. For example, “must” can express obligation, but it can also be used to express a strong recommendation or deduction. In addition, some modal verbs have more than one form, such as “may” and “might,” which can both be used to express possibility.

Overall, modal verbs are an important part of English grammar and are used in a variety of contexts. By understanding their usage in statements, questions, and negative sentences, you can improve your English communication skills.

Common Modal Verb Phrases

Modal verbs are often used with other verbs to create phrases that convey a specific meaning. Here are some common modal verb phrases and their meanings:

• Can’t help but  – This phrase is used to express that you cannot stop yourself from doing something. For example, “I can’t help but smile when I see puppies.”
• Have to  – This phrase is used to express obligation or necessity. For example, “I have to finish my homework before I can go out.”
• Need to  – This phrase is used to express that something is necessary. For example, “I need to drink water after exercising.”
• Should have  – This phrase is used to express regret about something that was not done in the past. For example, “I should have studied more for the test.”
• Would rather  – This phrase is used to express a preference. For example, “I would rather stay at home than go to the party.”
• Must have  – This phrase is used to express certainty about something that happened in the past. For example, “He must have left his phone at home.”
• Might as well  – This phrase is used to suggest doing something because there is no reason not to. For example, “Since we have some extra time, we might as well go for a walk.”

Modal verb phrases can be very useful in expressing specific meanings and adding nuance to your language. It’s important to use them correctly and in the appropriate context.

Modal Verbs vs Auxiliary Verbs

When it comes to understanding the English language, it’s important to know the difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs. While both of these types of verbs are used to help the main verb in a sentence, there are some key differences between them.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs, also known as modal auxiliary verbs, are a group of verbs that give additional information about the function of the main verb. They show possibility, intent, ability, or necessity. Modal verbs do not change their appearance, and they are used alongside the infinitive form of the main verb of a sentence.

Some common examples of modal verbs include:

Modal verbs are used to show if you believe something is certain, possible, or impossible. They can also be used to talk about ability, ask permission, and make requests and offers.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs , also known as helping verbs, are used to help the main verb in a sentence. They change according to certain factors in the sentence, such as tense, person, and number.

Some common examples of auxiliary verbs include:

Auxiliary verbs can be used to form different tenses, such as the present perfect or past continuous. They can also be used to form questions and negatives.

In summary, the main difference between modal verbs and auxiliary verbs is that modal verbs do not change their appearance, while auxiliary verbs change according to certain factors in the sentence. Understanding the difference between these two types of verbs can help you to use them correctly in your writing and speaking.

Modal Verbs in Different Tenses

When it comes to tenses, modal verbs are quite unique. Unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not change their form to indicate different tenses. They are used in their base form regardless of the time frame.

Modal verbs can refer to present and future time, but only some of them can refer to past time. Here is a table showing the modal verbs that can be used to refer to past time:

For example, “I could swim when I was younger” or “He would always help me with my homework.”

It’s important to note that when using modal verbs to refer to past time, the main verb in the sentence should be in the base form as well. For example, “I could have gone to the party, but I decided not to.”

In addition to the past time usage, here are some examples of how modal verbs can be used in different tenses:

• Present: “You should eat more vegetables.”
• Future: “We will have to leave early tomorrow.”
• Perfect: “He must have forgotten his phone at home.”
• Continuous: “They might be playing tennis right now.”

Overall, modal verbs are a versatile and useful tool in English grammar. By understanding how they can be used in different tenses, you can effectively communicate your intentions and convey meaning in your writing and speech.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some examples of modal verbs in English?

Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. Some examples of modal verbs in English include can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

How many modal verbs are there in English?

There are nine modal verbs in English: can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, and would.

What is the definition of modal verbs and how are they used?

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express various meanings such as ability, possibility, necessity, and permission. They are followed by the base form of a verb and do not change their form based on the subject of the sentence. Modal verbs can also be used to make requests, give advice, and express opinions.

What is a good worksheet for practicing modal verbs?

There are many worksheets available online for practicing modal verbs. One good worksheet is the “Modal Verbs Practice” worksheet from Englishlinx.com. This worksheet includes exercises for practicing the different uses of modal verbs in English.

What are some common sentences using modal verbs?

Some common sentences using modal verbs include:

• I can swim.
• You should study for the test.
• He may arrive late.
• We must finish the project by Friday.
• They could come to the party.

How do you pronounce modal verbs correctly?

Modal verbs are pronounced with stress on the first syllable. For example, can is pronounced as “kan,” may is pronounced as “may,” and must is pronounced as “must.”

thank you so much

Its amazing

Thank you. This would help me with my students.

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Part Three Editing / Grammar Skills

Unit 15 Modals

Learning Objectives

• To understand what modals are and what principles they follow
• To learn the challenges and strategies in using appropriate modals
• To learn the meanings and uses of modals and modal-like expressions through multiple examples
• To practice using modals through  a variety of writing situations

The following ten sentences are about some customs from different countries. The modal and main verb are bold-faced in each sentence. If the bold-faced part is correct, choose “correct”.  If not, choose the other answer. After you finish one sentence, you will get instant feedback on your answer before the next sentence. If you make mistakes, you can retry all the questions or see all the answers at the end of the pre-test.

II. Principles of Using Modals

As you have learned in Unit 9 Verb Basics in Academic Writing ( Open Unit 9 here ) , modals are an important part of the verb family. They are considered helping verbs, also called auxiliary verbs. Most modals follow the following principles:

1. They cannot exist by themselves. They are followed by the base form of main verbs to show different meanings and tones.

modal + base form of main verb = complete verb

• In the United States, people should call ahead before visiting someone. ( no “calls, called, calling, to call” )
• People must not show the “OK” gesture [1] with the thumb and index finger in Mexico. ( no “shows, showed, showing, to show” )

2. Contractions are common are in modals, such as “shouldn’t” and “mustn’t”. However, “may” and “might” do not have a contraction form. It is wrong to write “mayn’t” and “mightn’t”.

• Small children mayn’t stay ( may not stay ) alone at home in the United States.
• It mightn’t be ( might not be ) a good idea for children to stay in their friend’s home overnight.

3. Some expressions are called modal-like expressions. There is a “to” in them, and the base form of the verb follows the “to”. These expressions include:  be able to, be supposed to, have to, have got to, ought to, and some others.

• People have to come on time for an appointment in the United States.
• They are supposed to explain the reasons if they are late.

4. Some modals and modal-like expressions are often used in conversations only.

• In Thailand, people had better not touch the head of a statue.
• In the U.S. restaurants, customers have got to tip the waiters and waitresses.

Exercise 1. The following sentences are about dining customs in some countries. There are mistakes in the form of modals and main verbs. Identify each mistake by underlining the whole verb (modal + main verb) and then correct the mistake. If the main verb is missing, add it.

Example :   

People can to learn ( can learn ) about different customs and traditions when they travel abroad.

• Dinning traditions may the most interesting to most people.
• In Kenya, guests should to wash their hands both before and after the meal. They cannot sitting with their feet and toes pointing toward any of the other guests or the food. Kenyans do not use utensils [2] . They eat with their right hand. They must not to use their left hand during the whole meal.
• Americans and Europeans have opposite dinning etiquettes [3] . Americans should holds the knife in their right hand and the fork in their left hand, but the Europeans are suppose to hold the knife in their left hand and the fork in their right hand.
• People in Morocco practice communal [4] eating. This means that they eat from the communal bowl closest to them. A person must eats using his or her right hand. The left hand mayn’t be used to get food. If a bone is taken, the person supposed to suck the marrow [5] from it.

III. Challenges in Learning Modals and the Strategies in Using Them

1. The same modal may have different meanings in different contexts.

• I can drive a car because I have a driver’s license. (permission)
• I can drive a car because I know how to drive. (ability)

2. The same meaning can be expressed with different modals, but the tone or level of strength is different.

• In order to drive in the U.S, a person must have a driver’s license. (stronger)
• In order to drive in the U.S, a person has to have a driver’s license. (less strong)

3. Some modals have the appearance of past tense, but they have a present or future meaning.

• Most cultural traditions stay for generations, but some might change quickly.
• People had better learn the customs of another country when they travel there.

Strategies:

1. Understand a modal, its meaning, its time (past, present, future), and its form together as a “package”.

• In many countries in the past, young people had to follow the custom of the arranged marriage.
• In some countries nowadays and in the near future, some young people still must follow the custom of the arranged marriage.

In both sentences, “had to follow” and “must follow” have the same meaning: obligation, responsibility, necessity.

However, the first sentence shows the meaning in the past, and its form is “had to + follow”.

In the second sentence, the same meaning is expressed in present and future sense, and its form is “must + follow”.

Therefore, try not to study modals in isolation [6] . Instead, understand them in the context and study the “package”.

2. Use the same strategy as in learning other aspects of English: practice, practice, and practice.

IV. Uses of Modals and Modal-Like Expressions

Meaning : advice, suggestions

• In the United States, customers should tip the waiters or waitresses for their service. (present)
• Customers ought to tip the waiters or waitresses for their service. (less common) (present)
• They can tip /could tip 10 – 20% of the food bill. (present, softer tone)
• Customers should not leave the restaurant without tipping the waiters or waitresses. (present)

Exercise 2. Give at least two suggestions for each of the following situations.

One of your classmates is going to visit your country as a tourist in summer .

Suggestion #1 :  You should bring a few extra bottles of sunscreen because my country Colombia is near the equator and  the sun is very intense.

Suggestion #2:   You ought to try bandeja paisa. It is Colombia’s unofficial national dish.

• One of your siblings has found an American boyfriend (or girlfriend)
• One of your relatives is planning to study at Harper College for the first time.
• One of your American friends is going to study at a university in your native country.
• One of your professors is considering studying your native language.
• One of your friends is nervous about meeting his parents-in-law for the first time.

Meaning: abilities 

• There are many languages in India. Many people there can speak more than 5 different ones. (present)
• They are able to speak Hindi, English, and some regional dialects. (present)
• The Indian government recognizes twenty-three official languages, but most people cannot speak all of them. (present)
• People in ancient Indian could speak Sanskrit, one of the earliest languages. (past)
• They were able to speak Sanskrit as early as 2000 BC. (past)

Meaning: permissions

• In Canada, college students can address / may address their professors by the first name. (present)
• In Canada, college students could not drink alcohol in class fifty years ago, and they still cannot . (past, present)
• In Ukraine, college students cannot call / may not call their professors by the first name. It is considered very impolite. (present)

Exercise 3. Finish the following sentences to express ability and permission.

When I was a child, I could climb a tree . (ability)

• When I was a child, I could ____________________. (ability)
• When I was a child, I could not ____________________ (ability)
• Now I am an adult. I can ____________________ (ability)
• Now I am an adult. I cannot ____________________. (ability)
• When I was a student in my home country, I could ____________________ (permission)
• When I was a student in my home country, I could not ____________________ (permission)
• Now I am a student in the U.S. I can ____________________ (permission)
• Now I am a student in the U.S. I cannot ____________________ (permission)

Meaning: necessity, obligation, responsibility

• In Iraqi formal greetings, people must use a person’s surname and title, for example, Dr. Kazem. (present)
• Men have to stand to greet a woman when she enters the room. (present)
• A long time ago in Iraq, everyone had to stand when an elderly person arrived. This custom has remained to this day. (past)
• In Iraqi culture, people do not have to kiss each other as a way of greeting. Handshaking is common. (present)

Meaning: prohibition [7]

• People must not whistle inside a Mongolian ger, a round-shaped dwelling. (present)
• In a ger, people must not point their feet to the north end. (present)

Exercise 4. Discuss the following questions. What are the answers in your home country? What are the answers in the United States?

• Must people get married first if they want to live together?
• Do people have to get their parents’ permission to get married?
• Must men serve in the military?
• Do school children have to wear uniforms?
• What are the things you must not do on the street?
• What are the things you must not do during a test?
• What are the questions you must not ask a lady?

Meaning: possibilities

• In Japan, parents do not kiss each other in front of their children. They must think / may think / might think / could think it improper [8] for the children to see their intimacy [9] . (present)
• This custom may change / might change /could change in the near future. The young generation should welcome / may welcome / might welcome / could welcome this change. (future)
• Some words are the same in writing in both Chinese and Japanese. However, the meanings of these words may not be / might not be the same. (present)

Meaning: expectations

• On March 8, the International Women’s Day, men are supposed to buy flowers for women in Russia and many other Eastern European countries. (present)
• On that day, women are not supposed to do much housework. They are supposed to take a day off. (present)
• Last year, Natalia’s husband was supposed to buy flowers for her, but he forgot. (past)

Meaning: preferences

• In some countries, people prefer arranged marriages. Parents would rather pick someone as their future son-in-law or daughter-in-law than let their child decide. (present)
• Some young people would rather not get into a marriage than marry someone they do not love. (present)

Exercise 5. Write sentences according to the instructions.

• Use modals of possibility to write three guesses why seafood is popular on Valentine’s Day in the U.S.
• Use modals of expectation to write three things you are supposed to know when you go to an American family for dinner.
• Use modals of preference to write three choices of food on New Year’s Eve in your home country.

V. Unit Review Practice

Exercise 6. Read the following sayings. Each contains a modal. Discuss what the saying means and whether you agree with it. Do you have similar sayings in your native language? How do you say them? If you can think of additional sayings with modals, please list them below.

• You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
• You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
• You can’t have your cake and eat it too.
• Beggars can’t be choosers.
• People in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
• Children should be seen, not heard.
• Bitter pills may have blessed effects.
• Be careful what you wish for; you just might get it.

________________________________________

Exercise 7.  The following sentences are about school uniforms. The modals and main verbs are underlined.  Discuss their different meanings and time references (past, present, future) in the context. The first one is an example.

• School uniforms could be ( possibility, present) an important part of school traditions. Students in some schools must wear the school uniform. They may not attend school without their uniform. The uniform must be important.
• A uniform reflects [10] the school and its reputation. Therefore, students are supposed to be in their best behavior.
• Students with totally different uniforms cannot belong to the same school even though they may be siblings. They must not exchange their uniforms with students from other schools.
• In some schools, uniforms are optional. Students may choose to wear one. They could also wear their own clothes. Some students would rather have the uniform. They would rather not spen d half an hour each morning choosing what to wear.
• In most cases, uniforms are not free. Students have to purchase them. Most families are able to afford them, but some are not. This might increase the financial burden for some families.
• Even though the students must wear their uniform while in school, they do not have to wear one after school.
• Should schools require uniforms? There have been many debates [11] . If most students do not like them, they may disappear in the near future. Otherwise, they should stay for a long, long time.

Exercise 8. The follow is an essay on how high school students in different countries spend time in the summer.  Underlined the modals and their main verbs.  Then discuss what they means in the context and whether they express present, past, or future time. The first one is an example.

After you finish reading and understanding the first three paragraphs, write a new supporting paragraph about a person you know who spent last summer vacationing and relaxing. Then write a conclusion for the essay.  Include at least five modals and modal-like expressions. You may write in the box below or in your own notebook.   (Warning: Once you leave this page, you will lose what you have written in the box.)

How to Spend the Summer?

          High school students in different countries may spend (possibility, present) their summer very differently. Some might value life experiences by working on a job, some could use the time catching up with their academic work, and others might consider it an opportunity to relax and have fun. How they spend their summer might reflect some of the customs and values of their cultures.

          It is common for many high school students in the United States to work during the summer months. They could work in any type of job: food, travel, secretarial, health care, summer camp, and many others. Last summer, Joan worked as a summer camp activity leader. She was happy that the job provided her with valuable work experience as well as a small income. Both the experience and the money should be helpful in her future college study.

          In Korea, however, it is not usual for high school students to hold a job in summer. They are supposed to take extra classes to prepare for university. Last summer, Ji-hoon kept himself busy by taking a few science and English classes in a cram school. Though he was very busy, he had to do so. He was determined to be better prepared for his university entrance exam.

Exercise 9. Choose two of the following topics and write a paragraph for each. Use proper modals.

• Describe one of the holiday dinning traditions in your native country.
• Describe some customs about naming a baby in your native country.
• Explain one of the taboos [12] for a wedding ceremony in your native country.
• Some people say that elderly parents should live with their adult children. Do you agree or disagree? Why do you think so?
• In America, it is common to “go Dutch” (split the food bill in the restaurant) when people dine out. Is this practice common in your native culture? If not, why not? who usually pays for the meals?
• Write about the joys and challenges of living in two cultures (your native culture and the American culture). What was your biggest cultural shock during your first two weeks in the U.S.?

  NSNT Practice

Go to The NSNT Free Writing Approach and Additional Weekly Prompts for Writing in Appendix A. ( Open Appendix A here. ) Choose two topics that involve modals. You may start with the NSNT approach. Then revise and edit your paragraphs. Pay attention to the use of modals. You are encouraged to share your writing with your partner and help each other improve.

Vocabulary Review

The words here have appeared in this unit.  The best way to learn them is to guess the meaning of each word from the context.  Then hover your computer mouse over the number beside each word to check its meaning and part of speech. These words are also listed in the footnote area at the end of each unit.

Here, you can use the flashcards below to review these words.

• Modals are helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs). They must be used with a main verb to serve as the complete verb in a sentence: Modal + Main Verb = Complete Verb
• A modal is followed by the base form of the main verb.
• The same modals may mean differently in different contexts, and some others may share similar meanings but have differences in tone and level of emphasis.
• Some modals have their unique forms of past tense. Some of them look like the past tense but mean present or future.
• Do not use “mayn’t” and “mightn’t”.
• A good strategy is to understand modals is by learning each modal, its meaning, its time reference, and its form together as a “package”.

Media Attributions

• showcase of culture artifacts at entrance of ESL Department at Harper College © Lin Cui is licensed under a CC0 (Creative Commons Zero) license
• two words “yes” and “no” with “yes” crossed out © Photo by cottonbro from Pexels
• a plate of food with a fork and a knife © medium:after_download_modal.copy_text.photo: https://www.pexels.com/photo/boiled-potatoes-with-salad-and-meat-rissole-4210862/
• A 19th-century illustrated Sanskrit manuscript from the Bhagavad Gita, composed c. 400 BCE – 200 BCE. © Unknown artist is licensed under a Public Domain license
• three Mongolia gers © Photo by Audrius Sutkus on Unsplash
• a dog balancing a ball © Photo by RODNAE Productions from Pexels
• four girls in school uniform doing hand signs © Photo by 周 康 from Pexels
• sunglasses on sand © Photo by Ylanite Koppens from Pexels
• a pen writing in a notebook © Photo by Aaron Burden on Unsplash
• a page in a dictionary © Pixabay
• gesture: noun, a movement of hands, arms, or another part of the body to express an idea or emotion ↵
• utensil: noun, a dining tool such as a spoon or a fork ↵
• etiquette: noun, a rule or tradition for proper social behavior ↵
• communal: adjective, used or shared by everyone in the group ↵
• marrow: noun, the soft, fatty part inside a bone ↵
• in isolation: prepositional phrase, separately, apart from each other ↵
• prohibition: noun, things that are not allowed ↵
• improper: adjective, not appropriate, not right ↵
• intimacy: noun, a very close, loving relationship ↵
• reflect: verb, show, represent ↵
• debate: noun, an argument ↵
• taboo: noun, an unacceptable word or behavior especially in a group setting ↵

Building Academic Writing Skills Copyright © 2022 by Cui, Lin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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• College essay

How to Write About Yourself in a College Essay | Examples

Published on September 21, 2021 by Kirsten Courault . Revised on May 31, 2023.

An insightful college admissions essay requires deep self-reflection, authenticity, and a balance between confidence and vulnerability. Your essay shouldn’t just be a resume of your experiences; colleges are looking for a story that demonstrates your most important values and qualities.

To write about your achievements and qualities without sounding arrogant, use specific stories to illustrate them. You can also write about challenges you’ve faced or mistakes you’ve made to show vulnerability and personal growth.

Table of contents

Start with self-reflection, how to write about challenges and mistakes, how to write about your achievements and qualities, how to write about a cliché experience, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about college application essays.

Before you start writing, spend some time reflecting to identify your values and qualities. You should do a comprehensive brainstorming session, but here are a few questions to get you started:

• What are three words your friends or family would use to describe you, and why would they choose them?
• Whom do you admire most and why?
• What are the top five things you are thankful for?
• What has inspired your hobbies or future goals?
• What are you most proud of? Ashamed of?

As you self-reflect, consider how your values and goals reflect your prospective university’s program and culture, and brainstorm stories that demonstrate the fit between the two.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Writing about difficult experiences can be an effective way to show authenticity and create an emotional connection to the reader, but choose carefully which details to share, and aim to demonstrate how the experience helped you learn and grow.

Be vulnerable

It’s not necessary to have a tragic story or a huge confession. But you should openly share your thoughts, feelings, and experiences to evoke an emotional response from the reader. Even a cliché or mundane topic can be made interesting with honest reflection. This honesty is a preface to self-reflection and insight in the essay’s conclusion.

Don’t overshare

With difficult topics, you shouldn’t focus too much on negative aspects. Instead, use your challenging circumstances as a brief introduction to how you responded positively.

Share what you have learned

It’s okay to include your failure or mistakes in your essay if you include a lesson learned. After telling a descriptive, honest story, you should explain what you learned and how you applied it to your life.

While it’s good to sell your strengths, you also don’t want to come across as arrogant. Instead of just stating your extracurricular activities, achievements, or personal qualities, aim to discreetly incorporate them into your story.

Brag indirectly

Mention your extracurricular activities or awards in passing, not outright, to avoid sounding like you’re bragging from a resume.

Use stories to prove your qualities

Even if you don’t have any impressive academic achievements or extracurriculars, you can still demonstrate your academic or personal character. But you should use personal examples to provide proof. In other words, show evidence of your character instead of just telling.

Many high school students write about common topics such as sports, volunteer work, or their family. Your essay topic doesn’t have to be groundbreaking, but do try to include unexpected personal details and your authentic voice to make your essay stand out .

To find an original angle, try these techniques:

• Focus on a specific moment, and describe the scene using your five senses.
• Mention objects that have special significance to you.
• Instead of following a common story arc, include a surprising twist or insight.

Your unique voice can shed new perspective on a common human experience while also revealing your personality. When read out loud, the essay should sound like you are talking.

If you want to know more about academic writing , effective communication , or parts of speech , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Academic writing

• Writing process
• Transition words
• Passive voice
• Paraphrasing

 Communication

• How to end an email
• Ms, mrs, miss
• How to start an email
• I hope this email finds you well
• Hope you are doing well

 Parts of speech

• Personal pronouns
• Conjunctions

First, spend time reflecting on your core values and character . You can start with these questions:

However, you should do a comprehensive brainstorming session to fully understand your values. Also consider how your values and goals match your prospective university’s program and culture. Then, brainstorm stories that illustrate the fit between the two.

When writing about yourself , including difficult experiences or failures can be a great way to show vulnerability and authenticity, but be careful not to overshare, and focus on showing how you matured from the experience.

Through specific stories, you can weave your achievements and qualities into your essay so that it doesn’t seem like you’re bragging from a resume.

Include specific, personal details and use your authentic voice to shed a new perspective on a common human experience.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Courault, K. (2023, May 31). How to Write About Yourself in a College Essay | Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 26, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/college-essay/write-about-yourself/

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Home » English Grammar » 50 Engaging Modal Verbs Exercises: A Comprehensive Guide

50 Engaging Modal Verbs Exercises: A Comprehensive Guide

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into 50 engaging modal verbs exercises to help you master this essential aspect of English grammar.

Modal verbs play a crucial role in the English language in expressing various shades of meaning, including ability, possibility, obligation, and more.

Introduction to Modal Verbs

Modal verbs, often referred to as modal auxiliaries or simply modals, are a unique group of verbs that modify the meaning of other verbs. The most common modal verbs in English include can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, might, and more.

The Importance of Modal Verbs in English

Modal verbs are the building blocks of effective communication in English. They allow us to:

• Express possibility: “She might attend the conference.”
• Indicate necessity: “You must complete this assignment.”
• Offer permission: “Can I borrow your pen?”
• Convey ability: “He can speak multiple languages.”

Understanding Different Types of Modal Verbs

Can and could.

These modals express ability, capability, or possibility. “Can” is used for present abilities, while “could” is often used for past abilities or polite requests.

Will and Would

“Will” and “would” are employed to indicate future actions, predictions, and hypothetical situations.

Shall and Should

“Shall” is rare in modern English but is still used in formal suggestions, invitations, or offers. “Should” is used for recommendations and expressing obligations.

Must and Might

“Must” denotes necessity and strong obligation, while “might” suggests possibility and uncertainty.

Modal Verb Conjugation 

Modal verbs don’t change form for different subjects. They remain the same regardless of whether you’re talking about yourself, someone else, or a group. Now, let’s move on to some beginner-friendly exercises.

Modal Verbs Exercises for Beginners

Exercise 1: can vs. could.

Complete the following sentences with “can” or “can’t” to express ability.

1. She ____ swim.

2. They ____ speak French.

3. She ____ play the piano beautifully.

4. They ____ speak Spanish fluently.

5. He ____ finish the project by tomorrow. 

6. I ____ hear the birds singing outside my window. 

Fill in the blanks with “could” or “couldn’t” to talk about past ability.

1. When I was a child, I ____ ride a bike.

2. He ____ dance beautifully.

3. I ____ swim when I was a child. 

4. ____ you please help me with this heavy box?

5. My grandfather ____ speak multiple languages fluently.

6. ____ you lend me your umbrella for today?

Exercise 2: Must vs. Should

Use “must” to complete these sentences to convey necessity.

1. You ____ wear a helmet while biking.

2. We ____ finish this project today.

3. You ____ wear a helmet while riding a bike.

4. We ____ complete the assignment by tomorrow. 

5. He ____ submit his report before the deadline.

Fill in the gaps with “should” to express advice or recommendation.

1. You ____ see that movie; it’s fantastic.

2. Students ____ always study for exams.

3. Students ____ always respect their teachers.

4. ____ I call you later to discuss the project? 

5. In this weather, you ____ carry an umbrella.

Intermediate Modal Verbs Exercises

Once you’ve mastered the basics, it’s time to level up your skills with some intermediate exercises.

Exercise 3: May vs. Might

Choose “may” or “may not” to complete these sentences and express permission or possibility.

1. You ____ bring a friend to the party.

2. She ____ join us later.

3. You ____ bring a friend to the party if you want.

4. ____ I use your computer for a moment? 

5. They ____ not attend the event due to prior commitments.

Fill in the blanks with “might” or “might not” to discuss uncertainty or possibility .

1. It ____ rain tomorrow, so bring an umbrella.

2. He ____ come to the meeting, but I’m not sure.

3. She ____ come to the meeting later if her schedule allows.

4. He ____ be able to solve the puzzle, but it’s challenging.

5. She ____ have left her keys at home; I’ll check.

Advanced Modal Verbs Exercises

Exercises 1: modal verbs for ability.

4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb (“can” or “could”) to complete the sentences.

1. She ____ sing beautifully. Answer: can

2. I ____ run a marathon when I was younger. Answer: could

3. They ____ solve complex math problems. Answer: can

4. He ____ speak three languages fluently. Answer: can

5. When I was a child, I ____ climb trees. Answer: could

Answers: 

Exercises 2: modal verbs for necessity.

5. Choose the correct modal verb (“must” or “should”) to complete the sentences.

1. You ____ wear a seatbelt in the car. Answer: must

2. We ____ arrive at the airport at least two hours before the flight. Answer: should

3. Students ____ complete their homework on time. Answer: must

4. In this weather, you ____ carry an umbrella. Answer: should

Exercises 3: Modal Verbs for Possibility

Complete the sentences with the suitable modal verb (“may” or “might”).

1. You ____ bring a friend to the party. Answer: may

2. She ____ join us later. Answer: may

3. It ____ rain tomorrow, so bring an umbrella. Answer: might

4. He ____ come to the meeting, but I’m not sure. Answer: might

Exercises 4: Mixed Modal Verbs Practice

Fill in the gaps with the correct modal verb (“can,” “could,” “must,” “should,” “may,” or “might”).

1. You ____ pass the test if you study hard. Answer: can

2. She ____ have the talent to become a great musician. Answer: may

3. I ____ finish this project today. Answer: must

4. They ____ not attend the party tomorrow. Answer: might

5. ____ you please help me with my luggage? Answer: Could

Modal Verbs Practice Exercises:

Exercises 5: modal verbs practice.

1. You ____ bring your passport when you travel internationally. Answer: must

2. She ____ play the piano beautifully. Answer: can

3. They ____ not smoke in this area. Answer: must not

4. We ____ visit the museum tomorrow if it’s open. Answer: may

5. He ____ speak with the manager regarding the issue. Answer: should

6. I ____ have left my keys at home. Answer: might

7. ____ I borrow your pen for a moment? Answer: Could

8. You ____ be careful when driving in heavy rain. Answer: should

9. The concert ____ start on time. Answer: must

10. She ____ have finished her homework by now. Answer: may

3. must not

6.  might

Exercises 6:

6. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

1. Usha _________ run a hundred yards in ten seconds.

2. _________ his soul rest in peace!

3. The baby is crying, he _________ be hungry,

4. _________ you tell me the way to the post office, please?

5. You _________ keep your scooter locked,

6. _________ I bring you a cup of coffee.

7. When I was a boy, I _________walk forty miles in a day.

8. I have come to ask if Geeta _________use your bicycle tomorrow,

9. _________ you have another piece of cake?

10. All of us _________ die.

Exercises 7:

7. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

1. You _________ have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

2. If we had taken the other road, we _________have arrived earlier.

3. The bank closes at 2 PM, but the manager _________ allow you to get in.

4. _________ you please send me an application form?

5. As Rahul was the last one to leave, it _________ be he who left the door open.

6. You _________ read his latest book.

7. She _________ speak three languages when she was twelve.

8. I_________ see quite clearly what the children are doing in the garden.

9. He _________ be at least sixty.

10. Your job_________ be very demanding, but at least it isn’t boring.

Modal verbs Worksheet

Worksheet 1:.

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

1. You ____ visit the doctor if you feel unwell. Answer: should

2. They ____ attend the meeting tomorrow at 2 PM. Answer: must

3. She ____ be at home because her car is in the driveway. Answer: must

4. I ____ believe you just did that! Answer: can’t

5. ____ I use your phone for a minute? Answer: May

6. He ____ speak Spanish fluently. Answer: can

7. You ____ let your friend know about the change in plans. Answer: should

8. They ____ not play loud music after 10 PM in this neighborhood. Answer: must not

9. She ____ have completed her assignment by now. Answer: may

10. We ____ be able to finish the project by the end of the week. Answer: should

8. must not

Worksheet 2:

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, or would.

1. He ____ speak English fluently. Answer: can

2. She ____ attend the meeting tomorrow. Answer: will

3. ____ you please pass me the salt? Answer: Could

4. They ____ finish the project by next week. Answer: must

5. I ____ like to visit Paris someday. Answer: would

Worksheet 3:

3. Choose the correct modal verb to complete the following sentences: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, or would.

1. You ____ always wear a helmet while riding a bike for safety. Answer: should

2. She ____ play the piano when she was just five years old. Answer: could

3. We ____ arrive at the airport at least two hours before our flight. Answer: should

4. ____ be at the party tonight. Answer: will

5. Students ____ complete their assignments on time. Answer: must

5.  must

Worksheet 4:

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

A. 1. It’s not very important. You __________  not do it now. You do it tomorrow.

2. I have no time. I __________ leave now or I __________miss the bus.

3. __________we go out tonight, please? Yes, but you __________be late

4. I haven’t decided where I  __________ go in my next holidays. I think I __________go to Paris.

5. __________ you water my plants while I am away? If they don’t get enough water they __________ certainly die.

6. __________ I buy the tickets for the concert? I __________ see you’re too busy.

7. __________ you speak German? No, I __________

8. Jayati __________ not play the violin when she was five but now she __________  play it very well.

9. You __________ not be so nervous. I think it __________ be very easy.

10. He had been working for more than eleven hours. So, he __________ be tired after such hard work. He __________ prefer to get some rest.

Worksheet 5:

3. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

1. I __________ speak Arabic fluently when I saw a child. But now, I __________say just a few things in the language.

2. The teacher said we __________read this book for our own pleasure. But we __________ read if we don’t want to.

3. You __________ not leave small objects lying around. Such objects __________ be swallowed by children.

4. Those whose names are called __________ come for practice. The rest of you __________ come.

5. They __________ have returned last night. __________ I check to see if they are back.

6. How __________ you speak so rudely to me! You __________ be punished.

7. The boy __________ be very hardworking, but now he is very lazy. He __________ pull up his socks.

8. I __________ not ask for his permission in case he says, “no”. I wish he were as lenient as he __________ be.

9. How __________you say such a thing! You __________ be ashamed of yourself. You never __________ be so rude before.

10. He said that it __________be alright for you to enter, but I think you __________wait until he gets here.  

Important Modal Verbs Questions Answers:

1. What is the main function of modal verbs in English grammar?

Ans: The main function of modal verbs in English grammar is to convey subtle differences in meaning, such as expressing possibility, necessity, permission, ability, or likelihood in a sentence.

2. Provide an example sentence using the modal verb “can” to express ability.

Ans: She can speak three languages fluently.

3. How do modal verbs differ from regular verbs in terms of their conjugation?

Ans: Modal verbs differ from regular verbs in that they do not change form for different subjects, remaining the same regardless of whether you’re talking about yourself, someone else, or a group.

4. Use the modal verb “should” in a sentence to give advice.

Ans: You should study regularly to perform well on the exam.

5. When can the modal verb “may” be used to express possibility?

Ans: The modal verb “may” can be used to express possibility when indicating that something is possible or might happen in the future, such as “It may rain tomorrow.”

6. Explain the difference between “must” and “might” in terms of certainty.

Ans: “Must” is used to express a high degree of certainty or necessity, indicating that something is very likely or required, whereas “might” implies a lower degree of certainty, suggesting that something is possible but not certain. For example, “He must be at home” suggests a strong belief in his presence, while “He might be at home” suggests the possibility but not a strong conviction.

7. Give an example sentence using the modal verb “could” to discuss past ability.

Ans: She could speak three languages fluently when she was younger.

8. Is it possible to use multiple modal verbs in a single sentence? Explain.

Ans: Yes, it is possible to use multiple modal verbs in a single sentence. Modal verbs like “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” and “must” can be combined to express various degrees of possibility, necessity, or obligation in a sentence.

9. Provide a sentence using the modal verb “shall” to discuss future intentions.

Ans: We shall meet at the park at 3 PM tomorrow for our picnic.

10. Use the modal verb “must not” in a sentence to express prohibition.

Ans: You must not enter this area without proper authorization.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are modal verbs.

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs used in English to express various meanings such as ability, permission, necessity, and probability. Examples include “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “shall,” “should,” “must,” and “might.”

How do I improve my understanding of modal verbs?

To improve your understanding of modal verbs, start with the basics, like “can” and “must,” and gradually work your way up to more complex ones like “might” and “should.” Practice with exercises and seek guidance from language resources.

Are modal verbs the same in all English sentences ?

Yes, modal verbs remain the same regardless of the subject in English sentences. For example, “She can swim,” and “They can swim” both use “can.”

Can I use multiple modal verbs in one sentence?

While using multiple modal verbs in a sentence is possible, it’s important to ensure clarity and correctness. Complex sentences with multiple modals can be challenging to construct correctly.

What’s the difference between “may” and “might”?

“May” is often used to express permission or possibility in a more certain manner, while “might” is used when there’s a greater degree of uncertainty or a lower likelihood of something happening.

Where can I find more advanced modal verbs exercises?

You can find more advanced modal verbs exercises in English grammar books, online language courses, or by consulting a language tutor.

Mastering modal verbs through exercises is a rewarding journey that enhances your English language skills. Whether you’re a beginner or aiming for advanced proficiency, consistent practice and a clear understanding of these versatile linguistic tools will undoubtedly elevate your communication abilities. So, embrace the world of modal verbs exercises and take your language skills to new heights.

Related Posts:

What this handout is about

Modal verbs (will, would, should, may, can, could, might, must) precede another verb. Modals do not have subject-verb agreement or take the infinitive “to” before the next verb.

This handout shows how modals in academic writing can change a sentence’s meaning into a prediction, suggestion, or a question. Modals can also serve a social function to show uncertainty or politeness. They are especially common in discussion sections of research papers.

How to use this handout

This handout is best used with a piece of writing that benefits from being subjective. Each function alters a sentence’s perspective differently.

Logical possibility: expresses a degree of probability

Before: This is the fastest way to drive to Westwood. After: This might be the fastest way to drive to Westwood.

Ability: shows capability

Before: Riding the bus avoids traffic. After: Riding the bus can avoid traffic.

Necessity: expresses directness in attitude

Before: Wash your hands before preparing food. After: You must wash your hands before preparing food.

Permission: shows politeness

Before: I am going to your office hours. After: Can I go to your office hours?

Strength and frequency of modal verbs

In academic writing , modal verbs are most frequently used to indicate logical possibility and least frequently used to indicate permission. Eight modal verbs are listed under each of the functions they can perform in academic writing, and are ordered from strongest to weakest for each function. Notice that the same modal can have different strengths when it’s used for different functions (e.g., may or can).

Functions of modal verbs

This second table organizes examples of each modal by its use, also including an explanation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Celce-Murcia, Marianne, and Diane Larsen-Freeman. 2015. The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course , 3rd ed. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Modal Verbs Exercises

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MODAL VERBS OF ABILITY EXERCISE

Exercise-1: fill in the blanks.

Choose the correct modal verb of ability to complete each sentence: can, could, be able to .

• When I was a child, I ________ swim very well.
• After months of training, she ________ run a marathon.
• I hope I ________ finish this project by the deadline.
• Before the accident, he ________ play the piano perfectly.
• They ________ solve the problem because they had all the necessary information.
• Will you ________ attend the meeting tomorrow?
• She ________ speak three languages fluently.
• He was very strong; he ________ lift heavy weights easily.
• If you study hard, you ________ pass the exam.
• When she was young, she ________ dance beautifully.
• In the future, we ________ travel to Mars.
• They ________ find the restaurant even without a map.
• He ________ fix the computer by himself.
• Last year, I ________ visit many countries during my vacation.
• Will she ________ join us for dinner?

MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION EXERCISE

Exercise-2: fill in the blanks.

Choose the correct modal verb of obligation to complete each sentence : must, have to, need to, should, ought to .

• You ________ wear a seatbelt when driving.
• I ________ finish this report by tomorrow.
• She ________ go to the doctor; she has been feeling unwell.
• We ________ respect our teachers.
• He ________ clean his room before he can go out to play.
• You ________ bring your own lunch to the picnic.
• They ________ study harder if they want to pass the exam.
• You ________ tell the truth in court.
• We ________ check the weather before planning our trip.
• I ________ take my medication twice a day.
• Students ________ complete their homework on time.
• You ________ pay your bills on time to avoid late fees.
• She ________ apologize for her mistake.
• We ________ leave early to avoid traffic.
• He ________ take better care of his health.

MODAL VERBS OF PROBABILITY EXERCISE

Exercise-3: fill in the blanks.

Choose the correct modal verb of probability to complete each sentence: might, may, could, must, can’t .

• She ________ be at home; the lights are off.
• It ________ rain later, so take an umbrella.
• They ________ have missed the train because they are not here yet.
• He ________ be the new manager; he’s been in meetings all day.
• I ________ have left my keys at the office.
• This answer ________ be correct, but I am not sure.
• She ________ have forgotten about our meeting; she is usually very punctual.
• That ________ be John’s car; he drives a different model.
• You ________ be very tired after your long trip.
• It ________ be true; I’ve heard it from several sources.
• We ________ meet the deadline if we work overtime.
• She ________ know the answer; she has studied this topic extensively.
• They ________ have moved away; their house is empty.
• He ________ be joking; that can’t be a serious suggestion.
• This ________ be the right key; try the other one.

Past Model Verbs Exercise

Exercise-4: fill in the blanks.

Choose the correct past modal verb to complete each sentence: could have, might have, should have, would have, must have .

• I ________ gone to the party, but I was too tired.
• They ________ finished the project by now; they were working very hard.
• She ________ studied harder for the exam; she failed it.
• We ________ taken the earlier train; now we are late.
• He ________ been the one who called you last night.
• You ________ seen her at the concert; she was sitting in the front row.
• They ________ won the game if they had practiced more.
• I ________ forgotten to lock the door; it’s still open.
• She ________ been more careful with her words; she hurt his feelings.
• He ________ arrived earlier if he hadn’t missed the bus.
• We ________ bought the tickets online; it was much cheaper.
• You ________ told me about the change in plans.
• She ________ known about the surprise party; she seemed genuinely surprised.
• They ________ been able to fix the car if they had the right tools.
• I ________ called you, but I thought you were busy.

Exercise 5: Identify the Modal Verb in the following Sentences

• She can swim very well.
• You must finish your homework before you go out.
• They might come to the party later.
• He should apologize for his mistake.
• I will call you tomorrow.
• We could see the mountains from our hotel room.
• You ought to visit the new museum.
• They have to leave early to catch the train.
• She may not be able to attend the meeting.
• He might have forgotten about the appointment.
• We would go to the beach if it were sunny.
• You can borrow my car if you need it.
• She must have left the house already.
• I should have studied more for the test.
• They will be arriving at the airport soon.

Exercise-6: Rewrite the Sentences

Here’s an exercise where you need to rewrite the sentences using the appropriate past modal verbs. Use could have, might have, should have, would have, must have .

• I was very tired, so I didn’t go to the party.
• They were working very hard, so it’s likely they finished the project by now.
• She didn’t study enough, and as a result, she failed the exam.
• We missed the earlier train, and now we are late.
• Someone called you last night, and it’s possible it was him.
• You were at the concert, and she was sitting in the front row.
• They didn’t practice enough, so they lost the game.
• The door is still open, which suggests I didn’t lock it.
• She wasn’t careful with her words, and she hurt his feelings.
• He missed the bus, so he didn’t arrive earlier.
• We didn’t buy the tickets online, and we missed the discount.
• You didn’t inform me about the change in plans.
• She seemed genuinely surprised, so she didn’t know about the party.
• They didn’t have the right tools, so they couldn’t fix the car.
• I thought you were busy, so I didn’t call you.
• I could have gone to the party, but I was very tired.
• They must have finished the project by now; they were working very hard.
• She should have studied harder for the exam; she failed it.
• We should have taken the earlier train; now we are late.
• He might have been the one who called you last night.
• You must have seen her at the concert; she was sitting in the front row.
• They could have won the game if they had practiced more.
• I might have forgotten to lock the door; it’s still open.
• She should have been more careful with her words; she hurt his feelings.
• He would have arrived earlier if he hadn’t missed the bus.
• We could have bought the tickets online; it was much cheaper.
• You should have told me about the change in plans.
• She might have known about the surprise party; she seemed genuinely surprised.
• They could have been able to fix the car if they had the right tools.
• I would have called you, but I thought you were busy.

What are modal verbs?

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability (e.g., can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would).

How are modal verbs used?

Modal verbs are used with a base verb to indicate ability, possibility, permission, or obligation (e.g., She can swim; You must go).

Can modal verbs change form?

No, modal verbs do not change form . They remain the same regardless of the subject or tense (e.g., can, could, may, might).

What’s the difference between “can” and “could”?

“Can” expresses present ability or permission, while “could” is used for past ability or polite requests (e.g., I can swim; Could you help me?).

When do we use “must” and “have to”?

“Must” indicates strong obligation or necessity imposed by the speaker, while “have to” indicates external obligation (e.g., You must finish; I have to leave).

What does “should” imply?

“Should” suggests advice, recommendation, or expectation (e.g., You should eat healthier; He should be here by now).

Can “may” and “might” be used interchangeably?

“May” and “might” both express possibility, but “may” is more formal. “Might” is also used for less certain situations (e.g., It may rain; She might come).

Is there a negative form for modal verbs?

Yes, modal verbs have negative forms by adding “not” (e.g., cannot, must not, should not, will not, might not).

What is the role of “shall”?

“Shall” is used for suggestions, offers, or formal obligations, mainly in British English (e.g., Shall we dance?; You shall obey).

How do modal verbs affect sentence structure?

Modal verbs are followed by the base form of the main verb, and they do not require “to” (e.g., He can go; You must finish).

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

10 Examples of Public speaking

20 Examples of Gas lighting