canadian government essay topics

Verify originality of an essay

Get ideas for your paper

Cite sources with ease

130 Political Essay Topics in Canada

Published 11 Nov 2022

What is Politics Assignment Writing? 

In basic terms, politics in the academic environment are related to studies with a scientific approach to various processes, theories, and concepts. It can be summed up as the study of governance and power through the lens of certain variables and the use of sociology, economy, history, and culture. When choosing your subject for political essay writing in Canada, you are most likely to deal with government studies and events that are both local and international. The key to such studies is to help students master a full understanding of how political institutes work and what constitutes the theories and practical processes in the country and worldwide. The students that seek political topics come from all possible academic backgrounds. Such students may include journalists, psychologists, students majoring in finance and economics, historians, anthropologists, and individuals that study culture and literature. Almost every subject can be collected to politics since everyone becomes involved. 

Who Studies Politics in Canada? 

The Canadian educational system is transparent and open to all the possible disciplines and methods of education. This type of research may involve dealing with cases of bullying and fighting for a safe environment in the local community. It is a reason why you will find suitable topics for debates or international political issues that will be covered as well. If you are majoring in Education, you can use politics to explain the challenges of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada or talk about how things have changed during the last few decades. As a rule, the majority of political science research topics are approached by students as early as a middle school because youngsters in Canada want to be aware of the voting system and the social processes. Some of the topics that we have for you will be suitable for dissertations and serious research work. Just make sure that you choose your topic and look for the sources to support your arguments as you fill the scientific gaps. 

130 Canadian Politics Essay Topics Online 

Current political/governmental issues in canada to research. .

The majority of Canadians are responsible and conscious when it comes to political issues and events that have a social aspect to them. It makes it quite difficult for college learners to choose inspiring topics as they often fail to narrow things down or come up with relevant sources. Here are some of the most discussed political issues in Canada that have been discussed as of late: 

• The political parties in Canada and their attitude to the rights of Indigenous Peoples. 
• Bias in the resolution of violence cases against Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada. 
• The political methods to address the problem of immigration detention. 
• Financial crisis in Canada: what are the hidden political motives of corporate accountability? 
• Canadian methods to prevent cases of public violence and political protests. 
• Climate change policies in 2022-2023 and the impact of the current political parties. 
• The bias in the foreign policies in Canada and the problem of the refugees. 
• Ukrainian armed conflict and the attitude of politics in Canada. 
• Poverty and unemployment in Canada: the basic requirements are seen by Canadians. 
• The Covid-19 social distancing and the political aspect of the pandemic times. 
• The benefits of the constitutional monarchy in Canada and the lack of political power. 
• The international assistance priorities in Canada: where do we draw the line? 
• Funding of humanitarian aid projects internally in Canada. 
• The attitude of Canada's political parties to inclusive governance system and democratic values. 
• Canada's peacekeeping initiatives worldwide or doing things the Canadian way. 

Political Violence Essay Topics. 

Unfortunately, cases of political violence take place all over the world and the Canadian government constantly does its best to provide people with the highest levels of safety and confidentiality. Since the subject of politics can be attached to virtually anything, many students feel lost as they explore this field. Here are some ideas to consider: 

• The role of the state security forces in the resolution of political conflicts.
• The most efficient methods of dealing with ethnic conflicts in Canada.
• Indigenous people and the historical cases of violence in Canada.
• Domestic abuse and torture cases resolution: the presence of political bias.
• Capital punishment: what are the pros and cons of the current legislation in Canada?
• The cases of police brutality and the methods of addressing them by Canadian law enforcement.
• Dealing with the cases of rebellion in Canada: what is the borderline? 
• The link between the experience of abuse and neglect and the famine in Canadian provinces among certain social groups.
• Witnessing violence at home: the political means to affect people. 
• Political violence as the denial of Canadian citizenship for refugees. 
• Representation of left-wing parties and the pressure based on ideologies.
• The cases of wrongful imprisonment based on political persecution.
• Dealing with the problem of enslavement and detention in Canada.
• Forced evacuation and political pressure on the refugees. 
• Resolution of the statelessness as a result of religious and political beliefs.

Political Science Argumentative Essay Topics. 

Dealing with political science is more complex than general essay writing related to Political Sciences or Sociology. The majority of Canadian universities are very strict when it comes to choosing political science arguments, yet if you take your time to research your subject and come up with a strong proposal, college professors will be more flexible. Here are some ideas to start with: 

• The peculiarities of political science studies in Canada: what are the pros and cons?
• The perception of capitalism and the democratic systems by the Canadians.
• Presenting Canadian values abroad: what are the things that make us Canadian?
• Dealing with global competition: we must act regarding the rising economies.
• Canada's take on the cases of global violence and injustice: mediation is the way toward resolution.
• The role of politics in sports and pop culture in Canada: art should not be involved.
• The transformation of television through the lens of politics in Canada.
• Russia and Ukraine: Canada's participation in the ongoing conflict is necessary.
• International security and peace initiatives do not always work together: case studies in Canada.
• Politics should not be involved in religious clashes in Canada.
• The inflow of refugees brings negativity to the perception of Canada as an independent nation.
• Challenges of transitional justice require post-conflict resolution by Canada's social organisations.
• The problems of racialized injustice in Canada are not addressed sufficiently.
• The best methods to solve the existing controversies in the Canadian Legal Justice system.
• The list of changes that must be implemented regarding Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Political Persuasive Essay Topics.

As the name suggests, the primary objective of this branch requires persuasion. It means that you must make a strong statement related to political processes or events that are taking place in Canada or beyond the country. You can start with these helpful political persuasive essay topics: 

• Social diversity in Canada should lessen the focus on refugees and deal with the internal ethnic groups.
• The use of comparative public opinion should include children and teenagers when creating surveys.
• The differences between political perception in Ontario and Vancouver in 2022-2023.
• Immigrants have a better understanding of the psychology of conflict in Canada.
• Social media must be controlled by special forces to prevent cases of misinformation.
• The problem of conspiracy theories in Canada is not resolved because they are fueled by politics.
• The access of First Nations people to political tools that are offered by the Canadian government.
• The role of the U.N. in the global governance of Canada should be diminished.
• The pros and cons of the theories of Global Justice and the reasons why it fails to become executed.
• Urban politics in Canada lead to increasing globalization and loss of cultural identity.
• Women are still facing gender challenges when trying to achieve political leadership in Canada.
• Intergenerational justice in Canada will help to prevent the generational gap in the perception of current political issues.
• Ethnic conflicts can be resolved with the assistance of immigrant workers who understand the problems deeply.
• Armed groups are not related to refugees or why political violence is not immigrant-based.
• Prevention of nationalism in Canada must be done through the lens of inclusive learning.

Controversial Topics & Topics to Debate. 

Controversial topics may look inspiring, yet they are not easy to deal with in practice because one must show both sides of the issue and stay unbiased if the essay type requires that. Check out some Canadian history essay topics first if you want to choose something that has been around for a long time. Now, if you need something that is also suitable for debates, you can proceed with these helpful ideas below:  

• The controversy regarding the current abortion law offered by the Canadian government. 
• Bias in the resolution of violation of rights of the Indigenous Peoples in Canada. 
• Perception of learning challenges like autism by Canada's educational system during the 1970s. 
• Social policies and related legislation in terms of drugs and alcohol. 
• The issue of prostitution in Canada and the moral side of things. 
• Political bias in perception of family violence through the lens of gender roles. 
• The reasons why gambling addiction is often silenced by Canadian politics. 
• Gun control in Canada as a comparison with similar laws in the United States.
• Substance abuse and the necessity to introduce stricter alcohol and driving laws. 
• Gender and identity laws in Canada: why do things turn to politics? 
• Election voting age in Canada: children should have more rights. 
• Protection of Indigenous Peoples from abuse and the rights of social services. 
• Sexual orientation challenges faced by Canadian politics: the controversial aspect. 
• Sports and politics in Canada: should the athletes become involved in politics? 
• Playing the peacekeeper: why should Canada stay neutral or become involved in major conflicts?

Political Economy Essay Topics. 

If you are majoring in Economics, Finance, or Business Marketing, choosing political economy subjects for your essay will be an excellent option. You can focus on the case study writing or compose a comparative essay if you want to seek similarities between what's typical for Canada's economy and the one in the United States or any European country. As you seek inspirational ideas, check these out: 

• Economical impact of the parliamentary democracy system in Canada. 
• The most apparent ways in which Canada's politics shape the economy of the country. 
• Social reformations in Canada and the ways to increase economic attractiveness for foreign investors. 
• Starting a business in Canada: what are the economic restrictions that must be considered? 
• The difference between interrelationship conflicts with the governmental Canadian system. 
• Production and trade methods in Canada during the pandemic times. 
• Historical development of capitalist economy in Canada through the lens of political institutions. 
• Cryptocurrencies in Canada: what are the positive and negative aspects to consider? 
• Regulation of the finances and trade processed by AI-based tools. 
• The factors that drive globalisation processes in Canadian economics. 
• Hierarchies and the bias in perception of supply and demand for foreign trade relations. 
• Power dynamics and regulations of small businesses by political forces. 
• The rights of First Nations Peoples of Canada when it comes to investments and credits. 
• Political climate's affection on stock trading and wealth distribution in Canada. 
• Political clashes and the funds allocated for the local elections in Ontario province. 

Political Theory Essay Topics. 

This branch of political science requires strong analysis and strategic thinking as you have to explore various theories. Most scholars in Canada will turn to historical events as examples, yet they have been discussed more than enough, so it's much better to choose something more global and show how Canada relates to that: 

• How can a country like Canada benefit from the Absolute Monarchy political system? 
• The challenges of implementing political equality in practice. 
• Agrarian socialism as the solution for the rural Canadian provinces. 
• Creation of the revolutionary situation in the French-speaking provinces: what are the dangers to consider?
• Free press in Canada: what are the challenges faced by the political observers? 
• Political assumptions and the immigration programs implemented by the Canadian government.
• The necessity of institutional change in relation to current gender relations and employment.
• Procedural theories and the post-modern perspectives between Canadian provinces. 
• Choosing better life or why political powers make certain locations more attractive. 
• First Nations Peoples and their attitude to liberal studies and arts. 
• Normative versus traditional political theories practiced in 2022. 
• The role of social media in misconceptions related to political processes in Canada.
• Feminism and identity politics in Canada: what are the controversies to consider?
• Preservation of the national identity and the monarchy's legacy in Canada. 
• A legislative aspect of accepting refugees and creation of the new political theories.

International Politics. 

Since Canada represents a boiling pot of various political processes and people from all over the world, it is not surprising that Canadian colleges and different institutions constantly focus on international politics. If you need inspiring ideas, you should definitely explore these helpful ideas:  

• Involvement in the military operations hosted by Great Britain and the United States: the pros and cons. 
• Canadian perception of the global armed conflicts and attitude to refugees. 
• Allowing rights to global education: political processes that govern educational initiatives. 
• The dangers of immigrants according to the right-wing politicians in Canada. 
• The challenges of getting a legit status in Canada by immigrants from third-world countries. 
• Dealing with natural disasters and correct allocation of resources. 
• Canada's role in the assistance of women in India and Vietnam. 
• Resolution of conflicts and political vision of Canadian government. 
• The primary challenges of helping developing countries: what are the legal limitations? 
• Canada's involvement in explanatory politics in Ukraine. 
• Global Health crisis and the foundations that help to set Canadian standards in the different countries. 
• Defense resources in Canada and the access of the press to sensitive information. 
• Diplomacy institutes and the urgent changes that must be implemented. 
• Hybrid threats and the methods that politicians are trying to face them. 
• International trade and marine laws in Canada. 

Environmental and Social Politics in Canada. 

Almost every Canadian you may encounter will show genuine care for the environment and the society one resides in. If you want to talk about the social and environmental aspects, you should check the topics below: 

• The global warming hoax and the Canadian activists that fight for the concept. 
• The use of Green Energy in Canada and the financial costs at play. 
• Canadian ecology and the way how politics tend to use the subject for their success. 
• Chemicals and waste management problem in British Columbia. 
• Trade policies and environment in the Alberta Province. 
• Canada's oil industry and the carbon emissions. 
• The problem of ecological education in Canadian schools. 
• Deforestation and the historical traditions in Canada. 
• Political power and the necessity to use it to protect endangered species. 
• Water pollution and the cultural aspects of the different social circles. 

Choosing Your Canadian Politics Essay Subject Correctly 

Summing things up, it's safe to say that choosing your topic must be done with due care and analysis. First of all, political science essay topics must inspire you and reflect the strength of your personality and your writing skills. The most important is to find reliable sources that can serve as the starting points so you can show how others have researched the subject of your choice. If you choose something global, be sure to narrow things down and point out your main argument in the thesis statement. Always read your chosen subject aloud and see how it sounds. Approach it as the list of keywords that state your opinion and remember that your essay type (persuasive, reflective, explanatory, school debates) also plays an important role in how you arrange the words of your political assignment. It will not only make understanding Canadian politics easier but will provide you with an outline as your topic stands out. Now take your time to brainstorm the offered ideas and always ask for help when you feel lost by approaching a premier political science paper writing service . It’s only natural to ask for help as we all need a bit of guidance to bring out the perfect political assignment that will impress college professors!

Was this helpful?

Thanks for your feedback, related blog posts, 150 climate change essay topics by writing experts.

What is Climate Change? While there is no simple definition for climate change, it always comes down to the study of the human impact and the n...

80 Health Science Topics For Research Paper

What is a Health Science? Health Science can be defined as the study of how general healthcare can be improved in general terms and beyond the ...

75 Persuasive Essay Topics

What is a Persuasive Essay? Persuasive essay writing is quite popular among college students because the purpose is to convince your audience an...

Join our 150K of happy users

• Get original papers written according to your instructions
• Save time for what matters most

We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it.

• Essay Database >
• Essays Examples >
• Essay Topics

Essays on Canadian Government

90 samples on this topic

On this site, we've put together a directory of free paper samples regarding Canadian Government. The plan is to provide you with a sample identical to your Canadian Government essay topic so that you could have a closer look at it in order to grasp a better idea of what a top-notch academic work should look like. You are also urged to employ the best Canadian Government writing practices presented by professional authors and, eventually, develop a high-quality paper of your own.

However, if writing Canadian Government papers entirely by yourself is not an option at this point, WowEssays.com essay writer service might still be able to help you out. For example, our writers can pen a unique Canadian Government essay sample specifically for you. This model piece on Canadian Government will be written from scratch and tailored to your original requirements, reasonably priced, and sent to you within the pre-set period. Choose your writer and buy custom essay now!

Good Economics: Alberta Oil Term Paper Example

Introduction

Alberta Oil: Free Sample Term Paper To Follow

____________ University

Introductory remarks

Good Canada Allows Doctor-Assisted Dying Article Review Example

Essay on comparing the united states health system with canada health system.

HCA 302. Health Care Organization

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau - Ottawa, Canada Parliament Shooting Research Paper To Use For Practical Writing Help

Perfect model essay on the separatist movement in quebec today, perfect model research paper on trade union relevance and practicability in canadian labor market.

(Comparative Analysis on Canadian Market and US Market)

Introduction 2

Analysis 2 Communism and Capitalism Approaches 2 Corporate Governance 3 The Trade Union and Political Alignment 4 Collective Bargaining Approach 5 The Gini Coefficient Impact 5 Job Exportation Effect 6 Union Contribution Effect 6 Transparency in Union Operations 8 Conclusion 8 Recommendation 9

References 10

Good Example Of Permanent Residency For International Students Essay

Good essay on permanent residence for international students, good example of the costs of high unemployment rate to the canadian economy term paper, free movie review about where the spirit lives, canada – a land of opportunity essay template for faster writing.

INDICATORS:

Income level: High Income Population: 35.54 million (“Data” 2014) GDP at market prices (Current US$): $1.785 trillion (“Data” 2014).

GDP per capita (current US$):

$50,230.8 (“Data” 2014). GDP growth (annual %): 2.44 (“Data” 2014). FDI Inflows: $59.6 billion in 2014 (“Trade Policy Review” 5). FDI Outflows: $58.2 billion in 2014 (“Trade Policy Review” 5).

Balance of Payment:

Free Essay About The Independence Of Quebec

Draw topic & writing ideas from this research paper on canada aboriginal treaty number 9, good term paper about social determinants of health.

Increase in Income as a Poverty Reduction Strategy in Canada

Perfect Model Essay On Building A Sustainability Assessment Framework In Canada

What is wrong with the current system?

Trade Between Vietnam And Canada Essay

Post-war indian policy and aboriginal activism: essays example.

Post-War Indian Policy and Aboriginal Activism

Article Review On Dates

1How does monetary policy affects the economy?

Violence on Canadian Women Essay Example

Free operating strategy article sample.

1. American Home products corporations

American Home products corporations operating strategy is characterized by financial conservativeness as well as avoidance of risks and debt at all costs. As explained at the onset of the case study, the President, William F. Laporte explained that he did not like to owe money to anyone, and therefore preferred to use internally generated capital. This often resulted to an almost zero debt capital. He believed in risk aversion in an unpredictable business environment.

Good Violence on Canadian Women Essay Example

Free course work about canada causes cancer in the developing nations, united nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples essays examples, good women empowerment in a conservative society research proposal example, pick up one of the 4 topics report sample.

[Professor’s name appears here] [Date appears here]

Good Essay On Was Louis Riel The Father Of Manitoba

Canadian social policy and canada's aging population critical thinking example, example of research paper on multiculturalism in canada, should the canadian government help homeless people research paper samples, example of are homeless people provided with sufficient support by the canadian argumentative essay.

Government?

Impressive Public Sector Unions in The Canadian Labour Movement Essay Example

Public Sector Unions in The Canadian Labour Movement

Canada's Approach To Multiculturalism Compare To That Of Other Nations Research Paper

Early Canadian Multicultural Policy towards Ethnic Minorities: A Historical Background

Kenyan Social Policy & Millennium Development Goals Essay

Oral health of the elderly in canada research paper sample, example of child disability in canada research paper, good term paper on cost & benefits of regulations, essay on chinas petroleum investments in canada.

China’s Petroleum Investments in Canada

Government Structure Of Canada Essays Examples

A Critique of the Powers of Canada’s Head of State

Free Research Paper On First World War And Canada-US Relations

Applying the is-lm modelcurrent events case studies examples, good example of the drawbacks of privatization of healthcare in canada essay, the of dismantling a nation book review examples, good example of the questionable adaptation of neocolonialism in canada research paper, canadas growing gun problem article reviews examples, critical of japans reaction to the vancouver riot of 1907 article review, essay on phonetasks entry into the canadian telecommunication market.

Telecommunications is one of the most stable industries of the twenty-first century due to its growing relevance in the globalization era. It has become a basic need, and it is for this reason that the sector was cushioned from the adverse effects of the 2008-2010 financial crises in the Americas. However, compared to Brazil, the Canadian telecommunications market is more advanced and has more restrictions for entry of new industry players.

Government Control and Interference in the Canadian Telecom Sector

Employment Equity Act Reports Examples

Nursing and health policy in america and canada literature review samples, water issues between canada & the usa report examples, social welfare: aboriginal land claims in canada argumentative essays example, cdn econ problems/policies essays example, good example of term paper on canadian mining companies overseas.

Most Canadian companies operating overseas are constantly ignoring the issue of human rights of the communities in host countries. This is because of the absence of legislation that regulates the activities of subsidiaries of Canadian mining companies in host countries. The companies should include in their financial reports these societal costs to promote transparency.

Canadian Boarder Policy Critical Thinking Examples

Research paper on canadian healthcare system.

Slide 1: Canadian Health System

Example Of Research Paper On Financing Of Health Care Programs

Compare and Contrast socialized healthcare between Canada with free market healthcare in the US

Both Canada and United States health care programs are most admirable globally. However, in comparison Canadian health care system is used by U.S policy makers as a model in betterment of its healthcare programs because it has been more effective.

Essay On Impoverished First Nations Women In Canada

275 words = 1 page double-spaced

Password recovery email has been sent to [email protected]

Use your new password to log in

You are not register!

By clicking Register, you agree to our Terms of Service and that you have read our Privacy Policy .

Now you can download documents directly to your device!

Check your email! An email with your password has already been sent to you! Now you can download documents directly to your device.

or Use the QR code to Save this Paper to Your Phone

The sample is NOT original!

Short on a deadline?

Don't waste time. Get help with 11% off using code - GETWOWED

No, thanks! I'm fine with missing my deadline

• Entertainment
• Environment
• Information Science and Technology
• Social Issues

Home Essay Samples World

Essay Samples on Canada

Is the canadian justice system fair an examination of equity.

The question of whether the Canadian justice system is fair is a topic of ongoing debate and scrutiny. As a cornerstone of a democratic society, the justice system is expected to uphold principles of equality, due process, and justice for all. This essay delves into...

• Criminal Justice

The Vital Role of Immigration in Sustaining Canada's Strength and Prosperity

Take a minute and sit down. See the community around you. Now imagine nothing, none of these people surrounding you, no buildings, empty and desolate . This is what most of Canada would look like, if it wasn't for the backs of immigrants in the...

• Immigration

Soviet Union: Canadian VS Soviet-Born Perspective

The isolation and solitudinous nature of the Soviet Union influenced not only the internal perspective of its citizens but also the world view from it’s Cold War rivals. The political insights were kept from the common public and the outside. The story of my father,...

• Soviet Union

Discussing Whether and Why College Should Not Be Free

Post-secondary learning in Canada should be remunerated or gratis? Each of us at least once asked this question. Many people imagine that schooling ought to be at no cost; others that gratis schooling cannot be good in Canada. The issue is college teaching very topical...

• College Tuition

The Media Depiction of Canada and Information About a Country

Mass media plays a big role in the development of a country and shaping the image of a country whether it is within the country or in the outer world. Newspaper, magazine, radio, television and internet are different types of broadcasting mediums through which one...

• Developed Country

Stressed out with your paper?

Consider using writing assistance:

• 100% unique papers
• 3 hrs deadline option

Abortion Rights of Women in Canadian Society

Social justice is “the equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society,” (Pachamama Alliance). With that being said, the topic of women’s abortion rights in Canada is a social justice issue given that it could not check those boxes even in today’s society....

• Reproductive Rights

Factors Of Aboriginal Students' Academic Achievements

Introduction In 2016, the Aboriginal population accounts for 4.9% of the total Canadian population, and about one-quarter of the Aboriginal people are under 14 years old (Statistic Canadian, 2019). This means that Aboriginal children will play important role in the Canadian future. However, according to...

• Academic Achievements

Aspects of Canadian Political Reality Intersectionalities Approach

Intersectionality may be defined as a theory that shows how social and cultural categories interact. It shows that various social identities like race, gender class, disability, sexuality, place of origin and nationality are interconnected and contribute to systemic oppression and discrimination experienced by some societies....

• Intersectionality
• Political Philosophy

Continuity And Change over Time In Canadian Society

After the Great War, Canada changed a lot during the 1920s and 1930s. For example,the Group Seven, new technologies and changes in the role of women. The Group Seven——founded in 1920, the Group Seven is an organization that calls itself as the modern artist. Apart...

• Great Depression

Change And Continuity in Canadian Society Over Time

The world had witnessed major changes in East Asia from their society, economy, and political aspects. Concurrently, they also reserve their culture values and fundamental ideologies or belief systems from their pasts. The twentieth century is an era fulfilled with the revolution, war, and reform....

The Impact Of Legalizing Marijuana In Canada

Marijuana just recently got legalized in Canada as we all know. There are many pros and cons of it. Its good sides consist of treating people in depression for the cancer treatment in which chemo therapy does not show any good response. On the other...

• Marijuana Legalization

Life In Canada Is Better Now Than 50 Years Ago

The first criterion for which Canada would be considered a better country are the voting rights. It allows the country to be better represented, as everyone eligible has the opportunity to vote. In the past, certain races, as well as women, were discriminated against, and...

• Economic Development

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Medical Tourism On Canadian Healthcare

Issue Medical tourism can be quite appealing to Canadians; however, it can lead to healthcare delivery challenges with potential ethical and medical-legal risks. Reasons Demographic variations, especially aging population, along with rising incidence of chronic conditions add to demand for better health services. Waiting times,...

• Medical Tourism

Changes Experienced By Canada Throughout Its History And Further Development

Canada has faced many significant changes throughout its history, with revolutionary advancements in technology, large growth in the economy, and an increase in the reconciliation of the Indigenous peoples. These changes caused controversies, broke traditional viewpoints, and ultimately allowed Canada to grow into a nation...

Review Of The Cultural Competence And Identity In Canada

“Culture could be defined like the set of traditions, beliefs, customs, history, folklore, and institutions of a group of people. Culture is shared by people of the same ethnicity, language, nationality, or religion. It's a system of rules that are the base of what we...

• Cultural Identity

Pierre Trudeau: The Man Who Shaped Canadian Identity

Since World War I, the Prime Minister who has contributed most to shaping Canada’s identity is Pierre Trudeau. He was in office from 1968 to 1984, governing Canada for a total of fifteen years. This time in office gave Trudeau many opportunities to change Canada...

• National Identity

Free Speech, An Integral Part Of Canadian Democracy

Free speech is a critical component of a democratic and free society, therefore, it should not be regulated. Canadians are lucky enough to live in a free and democratic society where we have the right to make our views and opinions known. Unfortunately, many people...

• Free Speech

History And Chronology Of The French Settlement In Montréal

The world today is full of the complex fields of technology, growing industries, and humanities. One place that has developed a great amount is the country of Canada. It has been ranked highly for its quality of life, its relationship with the United States, and...

• International Trade

Tommy Douglas And The Creation Of Canadian Utopia

Pension and unemployment insurance guaranteed the lives of the elder and poor. Tommy Douglas witnessed the hardship caused by the Great Depression, which set him on the path of social reform. In 1934, Tommy Douglas was elected to congress as the national assembly of the...

• Tommy Douglas

The Influence Of The Montreal Winter Carnival On The Canadian Identity

Amid the second Industrial revolution, the Montreal Winter Carnivals were a pivotal point in history for establishing Canada’s national identity. The winter carnivals took place in the years 1883, 1884, 1885, 1887, and 1889 and were six-day long events held during the last week of...

Impacts Of The Red Scare On The Canadian Society

The “Red Scare” is a powerful and controversial term used to promote communism within a society. In the late 1940s, the cold war was declared in Canada which was against the Soviet Union and the beginning of the western democratic becoming suspicious of the communist...

An In-Depth Analysis of Quebec's Landform and Economic State

Physical Information There’s many different landform regions in Canada, however in Québec theirs four (Harris, A. 2019). Quebec’s landform region consist of the St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachians highlands, Hudson bay and Arctic lowlands and the Canadian Shield (Harris, A. 2019). These Landform regions affect...

The Changes in Canada That Make It a Developed Country

Ever wondered how life in Canada was back then, and how it compares to life now? Many things have changed since the past, for the better and most people take it for granted. I believe Canada is a better place now for the following reasons:...

Transformation and Remodelling of Canada's Landforms

Over the course of years our orbiting planet has gone through construction, reconstruction, and destruction. These actions have shaped many countries and our very own Canada’s land to the way it is today. Through many years of developing, the earth’s crust is the way it...

• Niagara Falls

 Newspaper Summary and Reference Assignment  on the Gun Control Issues in Canada

The large discussion about gun violence and gun legislation have been a highly debated topic. However, in recent times Canadians have grown concern over the prevalence it has in our larger cities. Gun violence is an issue within Canada because there are ineffective policies to...

• Gun Control

How Tecumseh, Lord Selkirk and Isaac Brock Impacted the History of Canada

The three most important figures in British North America’s history from 1770 to 1820 Tecumseh, Isaac Brock, and Lord Selkirk. They made a lot of contributions in British North America’s history from starting the Pan-Indian Movement to defending the borders of Canada from the U....

• World History

A Study of Margaret Atwood and Her Poetic World: This Is a Photograph of Me, Spelling

Margaret Atwood has deeply involved with nationalism and the rise of independent cultural values in Canada. Although she has spent a lot of time in America but she has never thought herself as an American poet. She is a poetess with different attitude. She shows...

The Role of the Battle of Juno on the Canadian Independence

The battle of Juno was an unimaginably significant part of canadian history and is to thank for all of Canada’s future success in world conflict and stability. The battle of Juno was a part of a much bigger invasion called Operation Overlord; a coordinated attack...

Masculinity: A Leading Health Risk for Young Men in Canada 

Traditional ideals of masculinity such as appearance, leadership, and emotions can have a negative impact on a young man’s health, especially here in Canada. For some men, the desire to meet the ideal of being attractive and in shape can have a negative effect on...

• Masculinity

Greenhouse Gas Emissions within Canada

Greenhouse gases (GHG’s) are a major influence on climate change, and have a variety of sources, both manmade and natural. GHGs are a collection of gases contained in Earth’s atmosphere, and act as the meaning suggests, a greenhouse for the planet. These gases are beneficial...

• Climate Change
• Greenhouse Gas

History of the Canadian Educational System

Introduction The system of education that existed in precolonial Canada was the “traditional community based socialization”, an informal education practised by the aboriginals. Prior to colonization in the 1600s the traditional education that existed among the indigenous population was replaced with formal Euro-Canadian education (Stonechild...

• History of Education

Issues with the Lack of Adult Education Programs in Canada

The topic of education is nevertheless a subject of great importance, shifting the attention toward postsecondary education and the challenging problems it faces in Canada. With our growing demographics, rapid economical changes, and more developed advances, the upsurge of low-skilled populations has a detrimental economical...

• Adult Education Program

The Development of Progressive Health Care System in Canada

Health care in Canada has improved drastically from the 16th to the 21st century, but how much has improved just in the past 100 years? Health care in Canada includes not only medicine and how well hospitals can treat patients but also medical education, and...

• Health Care Policy

Canadian Health Care: The Journey from Medicare to Universal Health Care

“Medicare is a Canadian success story. Not perfect, but good enough to be envied by much of the world.” — H.L. Mencken. Canadians embrace their public healthcare system more passionately than any other public program. In Ontario the government spends $254 billion with that being...

Tommy Douglas as the Key Figure in Canadian Politics

Before World War II health care across Canada for the most part was both privately provided and funded. This was changed in 1932 when the Great Depression hit Saskatchewan, and a Baptist Minister named Tommy Douglas joined the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation. Tommy saw the suffering...

The Role of Canadian Women in the 1920s

World War One was a depressing and horrific event that took place during the years 1914-1918. Many lives were taken over the span of the war and countless changes took place during and after the war to adapt to the situation at hand. Canada gained...

The Involvement of Canada in the Vietnam War

In the TDSB throughout the Canadian history curriculum students learn about WW1 and WW2. From the trench warfare to the attack on pearl harbour and to the creation and use of the atom bomb, the students learn of the causes and consequences of these events....

• Vietnam War

Why Canada Is A Just Society For Women

Despite the various forms of injustice women in Canada have faced both in the past and as well as today, Canada has been a just society for women and still continues to be a just society for women today, considering Canada has given women equal...

• Just Society
• Women's Rights

Socialization Principles and Foundations of Canadian Education System

The functionalist perspective states that for society to work and have social stability, social structures need to have stable patterns. These social structures can either help maintain social stability or fail to do so. This approach focuses on the macro-level structures in our society (Brym,...

• Socialization

The Foundations of the Canadian Health Care System

The Founding principle of the Canadian health care system is solely based on the need for service, and not the ability to pay. The topic of Health Policy in Canada is often surrounded by controversial arguments and elements of conflicts. The Canadian healthcare system is...

Quebec as the Cultural and Economical Centre of Canada

History Quebec was controlled by the Algonquian, Inuit and Iroquois nations until Europe began to send explorers there in the early 17th century. Living nomadic lives that depended on hunting and fishing the Algonquian were at home in the rugged terrain in which they lived...

Corporal Pinishment Laws in Canada

In Canada, there are a number of laws and policies in place to ensure the safety of all Canadians, especially those who are the most vulnerable in our society; children. In our society if a crime is witnessed, we are able to call or report...

• Corporal Punishment

The History of My Family: The Diverse Canadian Ancestry

Canada is a land rich in history and diversity. There are many Canadians who have come from different backgrounds, cultures, and faiths. A wide majority of these Canadians are not originally from Canada, unlike the indigenous people, and have immigrated here. They each have a...

• Family History

Improvement of Canada's Safety with Community Policing

Throughout the history of Canada, as well as many other countries, there have been efforts to make each country a safer place. This can be seen in Canada from laws being established to protect individuals to changing the healthcare system to provide services for individuals...

• Community Policing

The Failure of Canadian Legislature to Support Surrogacy

Surrogacy is defined as an arrangement by which a woman gives birth to a baby on behalf of a woman who is physically unable to have babies herself, and then gives the baby to her. It is meaningful in different ways for every person involved....

• Women's Health

Macroeconomics and Nutrition in Canada

Macroeconomics is a study of economics that tells about the overall economy it deals with the Gross domestic product (GDP), national income, inflation, rate of economic growth, changes in unemployment, and price level. Canadian research on food guide, firstly they have researched the previous research...

• Macroeconomics

The Significance of D-day to Canada’s Development

Have you ever heard about D-day? D-day was a battle that took place in WW2. The allies invaded the enemies on the beach on June 6, 1944. The place in which Canada mainly fought was between British forces, a place named Juno beach. D-day was...

Development of Children from Marginalized Groups in Canada

Difference in the members of the groups, defined according to the social, economical, demographical or geographical status, no unfair, avoidable and remediable differences present in these groups, this is called equity (WHO 2007). Value of equity in public health, only possible by knowing social justice...

Organ Shortage and the Need for Organ Donation in Canada

At only 57-years-old Ontario resident Matin Khan was left to fight excruciating pain as she slowly became paralyzed, following her mission to find a kidney in Pakistan, which quickly went wrong. After she returned to Canada, the donated organ became infected and swollen, causing fluid...

The Disadvantages of Quebec Separation on Both Quebec and Canada

Quebec is one of Canada's French-speaking provinces, and it has an impressive role in Canada's trade and business. The first referendum was held in 1980 proposing that Quebec be independent. The referendum context was to have a new economic and political partnership separate from the...

Hunting and Fishing Rights as per Our Predecessors

For many years many indigenous people lived off hunting and fishing for survival and still do today. Many indigenous people's rights to hunt and fish mean so much more than just a hobby or sport, to others it could be survival, culture and much more....

Regulations of Prostitution and Sex Trade in Canada

Introduction Basic morality is widely known as the guiding principle for our legal system, explaining why things like murder and assault are criminalized; but what about adult prostitution? Reasonably, the law argues that it is because prostitution often comes alongside dangerous activities such as drug...

• Prostitution

Community Service as a Tool to Lower Crime Rates

Court-Ordered Service - an Effective Way to Reduce Crime Laws have been put in place to restrict the potential unethical behaviours of citizens. When one breaks a law, there may be severe punishments. Major crimes result in arrest and conviction, possibly a life sentence to...

• Community Service
• Criminal Law

Building Democratic Canada With Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Speech Free speech is a critical component of a democratic and free society, therefore, it should not be regulated. Canadians are lucky enough to live in a free and democratic society where we have the right to make our views and opinions known....

• Freedom of Speech

Benefits of Dialogue Theory in Court and Legislature

Is the Dialogue Theory beneficial in the relations of the Court and Legislature? The Post-Charter Canada has given the Courts “teeth” in the realm of the political atmosphere and started a dialogue with the government in regards to legislation. Due to the array of issues...

Top Most Interesting Places You Have To Visit In Canada

Introduction I love to travel for a few reasons. First, you naturally become a curious being. You are a traveller, tourist, backpacker, etc and even the most basic thing on a trip becomes an adventure - like catching a bus between cities. Second, you are...

Canada- Taking A Look Behind The Curtain Of Lies

Canada - the world’s second largest country. It is home to the world’s longest street, highway, and freshwater beach. Yeah, it has some of the world’s longer things in it, I suppose you could say. It also has one of the world’s longest-lasting debts, a...

• Role of Government

Gender Gaps Between Man And Woman In Canadian Film Making

Cinema, Media And Technology With this assignment, I seek to address that; women have made some progress in Canadian film making and distributing but, still remain under- represented in the technical and artistic process of the industry. When 50.4 percent of the Canadian population makes...

Opportunities And Challenges In Construction Industry In Canada And Ontario

The construction industry of Ontario, Canada has been growing in recent years and is expected to continue growing in future. Despite this growth, 70% of contractors say they have difficulty finding more qualified people or professionals workers who fits these growing positions. This gap between...

• Construction

Challenges Immigrants Face In Canada

Do new challenges make human strong emotionally and mentally in new culture? Canada is a diverse and multicultural country which leads many opportunities for native as well as foreigners and that attract the attention of immigrants to get migrated in terms of getting good education,...

Ethics And Equity Issues Of Engineering Profession In Canadian Society

The engineering profession believes that it must be reflective of the variety in Canadian society. But currently, numerous corporations are underrepresented in engineering, notably women and Aboriginals. Women make up extra than half of the Canadian population however include much less than 14 cent of...

• Engineering
• Personal Ethics

History and Life Style of Alberta, a Province of Canada

Canada is one of the best country in the world. People came here from the various corners of the world for the jobs and for the good life style because Canadian life style is very famous in the world. There are 10 Provinces in the...

• Freedom of Expression

Involving And Integrating Indigenous Communities Around Canada

Since the creation of capitalism businesses have been interested in doing one thing: making money. Since remaining profitable is the number one goal, many Canadian businesses that sell or are in any way related to Native Americans don’t directly involve them into their business model...

• Indigenous People

Canadian Government: Rent Payment To First Nations.

Throughout modern history, colonization is often remembered through two very distinct views. The first view lies within the eyes of the colonizer who claims to have stumbled upon ‘free land’ and thus laid claim to it. The other view lies between the colonized who were...

• Political Participation

My Intend To Study Design Engineering In Canada

Since my childhood, I have always been fond of cars and bikes. I was always curious to know how the machines behind these models actually works. This ultimately grew my interest in the field of science and mechanics during my time at school which further...

Pillars Of Economic Growth And Their Impact On Canadian Economy

There are four pillars of economic development. Infrastructure In infrastructure, different kind of levels like Highways, rails, ports, power, water, broadband, fuel and real estate are included. If any country has these essential resources that country automatically be a developed country by using these resources....

• Economic Growth

The Impact Of Alcohol Prohibition On Canada

I chose the prohibition as my historical event because it was like an experiment gone bad. But it did have a great effect on the present and the time after the prohibition. It occurred at different times in different provinces in the early 1900’s. Prohibition...

• Alcohol Law
• Prohibition

The Importance Of Multiculturalism In Developing Countries Using Kenya And Canada

Introduction: Multiculturalism is defined as a way of different cultures and races coming together and respecting and learning each other’s traditions and values for the growth of ideas and betterment of lifestyle and the nation. This idea of multiculturalism brings different communities and cultures together...

• Multiculturalism

The Article “Abolishing The Indian Act Means Eliminating First Nations’ Rights”

The graphic novel is about the practices adopted to enforce law in the indigenous law which is also known as the creed law. In creed law, there is a group of people who have one leader for them. The leader is trusted with decisions for...

Indigenous Government In The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms

Addressing this question with an open mind, I hope to engage in an active discussion, where different opinions on the initial question are further examined. After reviewing sources provided in Module 2, I believe the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms should automatically apply to...

Health Unit Health Disparities Report

Introduction The District of Algoma Health Unit (DAHU) is situated in Northern Ontario, between the Thunder Bay District Health Unit and Sudbury District Health Unit. It has a total population of 114,785 and its largest city is Sault Ste. Marie, which has a population of...

• Public Health

Examining Injustice in Alimony Laws on Examples of Divorce Cases in Quebec

In Canada, the first ever official divorce laws were adopted in 1960. Back then, marriage was the norm for couples. However, nowadays, couples tend not to get married and opt for common law unions. Despite this situation, spousal support laws haven’t been changed. This essay...

History Of Ontario Minimum Wage

IMPACTS OF CHANGING MINIMUM WAGE Raising minimum wage would have remarkable impacts - both negative and positive, on the entire market, composing of: individual business government. Individual: Pros: Workers can afford further living expenses or upgrade their living standards, such as: pay their bills on...

• Minimum Wage

Indigenous Studies: First Peoples’ Stories In Canada- Current Issues Fall 2018

The following paragraphs below will talk about a specific residential school located in British Columbia. As of many other residential schools, unfortunately the tragic events that took place at this residential school followed the same faith as of many other residential schools. The events that...

How Pain Is Addressed In And Chinese And Canadian Culture

Introduction Canada is a diverse country that allows individuals to express their values and beliefs freely. Culture means something different to everyone, everyone has a unique set of customs and practices that they choose to lead their lives with. The topic of pain is an...

• Chinese Culture

The Analysis Of Canada's Welfare State

Canada’s current economic welfare state has proven to be beneficial through the years, due to its socio-economic class and social well-being of its citizens. Workers compensation has helped both employees and employers support one another in the case, where an accident occurs. For workers in...

Canadian Film, Digital Media, Publishing, And Music Industries

Television and Film production industries These industries include companies that are involved in pre-production and post-production, visual effects and animation where they produce various kind of T.V show, different types of movie genres, documentaries, and so on. After production, these industries either sell it or...

• Film Editing

The Policy Against Obesity In Canada

With Canada being labeled as one of countries with the most overweight population in OECD’s 2017 Obesity Calendar, there is a rising concern among policy makers to battle this epidemic. At least 25.8% of Canada’s population above the age of 15 is considered obese. (Ferreras)...

Best topics on Canada

1. Is the Canadian Justice System Fair? An Examination of Equity

2. The Vital Role of Immigration in Sustaining Canada’s Strength and Prosperity

3. Soviet Union: Canadian VS Soviet-Born Perspective

4. Discussing Whether and Why College Should Not Be Free

5. The Media Depiction of Canada and Information About a Country

6. Abortion Rights of Women in Canadian Society

7. Factors Of Aboriginal Students’ Academic Achievements

8. Aspects of Canadian Political Reality Intersectionalities Approach

9. Continuity And Change over Time In Canadian Society

10. Change And Continuity in Canadian Society Over Time

11. The Impact Of Legalizing Marijuana In Canada

12. Life In Canada Is Better Now Than 50 Years Ago

13. Positive And Negative Impacts Of Medical Tourism On Canadian Healthcare

14. Changes Experienced By Canada Throughout Its History And Further Development

15. Review Of The Cultural Competence And Identity In Canada

Need writing help?

You can always rely on us no matter what type of paper you need

*No hidden charges

100% Unique Essays

Absolutely Confidential

Money Back Guarantee

By clicking “Send Essay”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. We will occasionally send you account related emails

You can also get a UNIQUE essay on this or any other topic

Thank you! We’ll contact you as soon as possible.

Canada Essay Examples and Topics

You should understand that assigned essays on Canadian Studies go beyond studying the history of Canada, its politics, and even its government. Here are some ideas to write a good paper on Canada:

Understand the multicultural makeup of Canadian society. Canada has an extensive history of South-East Asian migration, many indigenous peoples, for example, the First Nations, and varied black, Latino, and Arab communities.

You can and should use Canadian literature. While most titles are published in French, there are almost as many books written in or translated to English. Using them lets you gain an insider’s perspective on the country’s history.

Research Canadian Studies essay topics that are similar to yours. As a historical essay, there is a good chance that many of the issues interconnect with each other. The more cognitive links you establish – the better the quality of your essay!

However, there are also things you should avoid doing when writing a Canadian studies essay. For example:

• You should not use terms in which you are not confident. While this goes for any research topic, you must remember the multiethnic makeup of Canadian society and the negative connotations terms, such as “visible minority,” may have.
• Avoid using French books if you are not a francophone. You can easily undermine your essay’s credibility by quoting from sources, which you do not understand. You can find an English version to avoid academic embarrassment.
• On the topic of francophone literature, you should know that plagiarism is still a punishable offense if you translate from French to English with no reference. If you are unsure whether something needs a link to a source, it is better to reference the material than accidentally plagiarize.

Find more helpful essay samples on Canadian Studies on our website!

57 Best Essay Examples on Canada

Positive and negative effects of ww1 on canada.

• Words: 1098

The History of Jamaicans Immigration to Canada

• Words: 2272

Decolonization in Canada: What Does Decolonization Mean?

The impact of the great depression on canada.

• Words: 2659

Uprising at Oka: Kahnawake Crisis

The indian folklore in canada, the history of indigenous people in canada, the roaring twenties in canada, enslaved africans’ resistance in upper canada, panel: john a. macdonald’s political campaigns, history: “white like canada” article by clarke, canadian identity in “shameless propaganda” by robert lower, the change of canadian indigenous hunting history.

• Words: 1661

Studying the History of Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous history in canada & settler colonialism, “wages of relief: cities and the unemployed in prairie canada” by eric strikwerda, role of immigration in development of canadian history, artifact of canadian culture: medicine bundle, canada’s role in the history of money: the relationship between ownership and control, history in abbass studios ltd. fonds’ photographs.

• Words: 2220

Gender, Family, and Unemployment in Ontario’s Great Depression

• Words: 2217

The October Crisis of 1970 in Canada

• Words: 2169

Canadian History Post Confederation: Robert Borden’s and W.L.M. King’s War-Time Leadership

“artisans in merchant towns” by sean cadigan, great depression of canada and conscription during world war i in canada, canada and the imposition of poverty, toronto athenaeum club: labor center, canada role in the cold war, the canadian depression causes.

• Words: 1966

Potlatch Ban and Eurocentrism in Canada

Social effects of colonization on the aboriginal people.

• Words: 1186

History of the Indians in the Fur Trade of Canada

• Words: 2050

The Evolution of Human Rights in Canada

• Words: 2019

Canadian Material Culture

• Words: 2766

The Canadian Indians History: the White Paper 1969

• Words: 2796

Canadian Social Democracy Historical Evolution

• Words: 3161

History: The British Mi’kmaq War

Canadian studies: wars between england and mi’kmaq, canadian studies: the mi’kmaq people, history book: “first nations in the 21 century” by j. frideres, history: american and canadian tribes, history: the first nations in canada, atlantic canada’s history.

• Words: 1375

Traditional Holidays of First Nation Cultures in Canada

• Words: 3293

History: Native Canadians and Indian Act

History: first nations indian act, history: the rights of first nation people, how did retail giants reshape the canadian society by the book of donica belisle.

• Words: 2234

Historic Sources of Struggle on the Island of Montreal

What kind of canada did the stores help to create.

• Words: 2016

The War of 1812

When the state trembled.

• Words: 2176

Effects of the Second World

When the state trembled by reinhold kramer.

• Words: 2389

“Breadwinning Daughters: Young Working Women in a Depression-Era City” by Katrina Srigley

Introduction to canadian international relations.

• Words: 3592

History of Television Broadcasting in Canada Before 1968

• Words: 1909

Canadian Government Essays

Response to editorial piece by coates (2022), missing and murdered indigenous people in canada, popular essay topics.

• American Dream
• Artificial Intelligence
• Black Lives Matter
• Bullying Essay
• Career Goals Essay
• Causes of the Civil War
• Child Abusing
• Civil Rights Movement
• Community Service
• Cultural Identity
• Cyber Bullying
• Death Penalty
• Depression Essay
• Domestic Violence
• Freedom of Speech
• Global Warming
• Gun Control
• Human Trafficking
• I Believe Essay
• Immigration
• Importance of Education
• Israel and Palestine Conflict
• Leadership Essay
• Legalizing Marijuanas
• Mental Health
• National Honor Society
• Police Brutality
• Pollution Essay
• Racism Essay
• Romeo and Juliet
• Same Sex Marriages
• Social Media
• The Great Gatsby
• The Yellow Wallpaper
• Time Management
• To Kill a Mockingbird
• Violent Video Games
• What Makes You Unique
• Why I Want to Be a Nurse
• Send us an e-mail

The Canadian Government

The Canadian government is a complex system of laws and regulations that governs the country. Canada’s Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate, and it creates the laws that Canada follows. The Prime Minister is the head of government, and he or she appoints ministers to lead different departments within the government.

Canada’s judicial system is made up of federal courts and provincial courts, which interpret and apply the laws passed by Parliament. The Constitution of Canada is also an important part of Canada’s government, setting out the basic rights and freedoms that all Canadians enjoy.

The Governor General of Canada is a representative for the monarch. The governor general is chosen by the queen on the advice of the Canadian government. Governors General deliver speeches from the throne, which outline the governments intentions, in Parliament’s opening ceremony. They also grant royal assent to bills and make key appointments, among other things. The function of a governor general is formal and ceremonial.

The Prime Minister is the head of the Canadian Government. He/she is elected by members of Parliment. The Prime Minister appoints Cabinet Ministers who are responsible for different areas of government such as health, justice, or finance. The Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers make decisions about what laws to pass and how to run the country.

Canada has a system of law based on English common law. This means that Canada’s laws are based on the laws that were developed in England. Canada also has its own constitution which sets out fundamental rights and freedoms that all people in Canada have. The Constitution can be changed only if the government and people of Canada agree to do so.

The Canadian Parliament is made up of two parts: the House of Commons and the Senate. The House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the people of Canada. The Senate is made up of Senators who are appointed by the Governor General. The job of MPs is to make laws and the job of Senators is to review laws.

Canada has a federal system of government which means that there are different levels of government in Canada. The federal government is responsible for things like national defence, immigration, and taxation. Provincial governments are responsible for things like health care, education, and transportation. Municipal governments are responsible for things like garbage collection, street lighting, and policing.

The Canadian flag has two parts: the red maple leaf and the white background. The maple leaf has been Canada’s symbol since the 18th century. The flag was officially adopted in 1965. Canada is a bilingual country which means that English and French are both official languages. English and French are both used in Parliament and in government documents.

There are also many bilingual schools in Canada. Canada is a multicultural country which means that people from all over the world have come to live in Canada. There are many different cultures and religions represented in Canada. Canada celebrates its diversity with events like Canada Day and Multiculturalism Day.

Ray Hnatyshyn is the incumbent Govener General. Jeanne Sauve was the most recent before her. The Senate is, in essence, a self-governing House of Commons. It establishes its own Speaker and manages its own affairs. The Prime Minister (I’ll call him the PM) appoints new senators when a vacancy occurs. By rejecting bills, the Senate serves as a check on the power of the House of Commons. The Senate has even introduced bills and passed them directly to the House of Commons.

The PM doesn’t have a lot of control over the Senate. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. The provinces all have their own governments, which deal with things like health care, education, and welfare. Canada has a federal system of government, which means that power is shared between the federal government and the provincial governments. The Constitution lays out how this works. Canada’s Constitution is also unusual because it’s been amended (changed) so many times.

Canada’s first Prime Minister was Sir John A. Macdonald. He was in office from 1867 to 1891. Canada became a country on July 1st, 1867. The Constitution says that Canada is a federation of provinces. This means that the provinces are part of Canada, and Canada is made up of provinces. The provinces have a lot of power to run their own affairs, and the federal government only deals with things that affect all of Canada, like defense, trade, and immigration. Canada has a parliamentary system of government.

This means that the Prime Minister is the head of the government, and he or she is appointed by the Governor General. The Prime Minister can appoint any member of parliament to be his or her cabinet minister. Cabinet ministers are in charge of different departments, like finance or health. Canada’s legal system is based on English common law. This means that Canada’s laws are based on the laws of England.

Canada also has a Charter of Rights and Freedoms which guarantees certain rights to Canadians, like freedom of speech and freedom of religion. The Charter is part of the Constitution, and it can’t be changed without the approval of both the House of Commons and the Senate. Canada is a bilingual country. This means that Canada has two official languages: English and French. Most government documents are in both languages, and both languages are used in parliament.

Canada’s economy is based on natural resources, like lumber, minerals, and oil. Canada also has a strong manufacturing sector. The biggest companies in Canada are called “chartered banks.” These are banks that have been given a special charter by the federal government. The biggest chartered bank in Canada is the Bank of Montreal.

Canada’s currency is called the “Canadian dollar.” The Canadian dollar is worth about the same as the American dollar. Canada’s flag is called the ” maple leaf flag.” It has three red stripes and a white stripe in the middle. The maple leaf is Canada’s national symbol. Canada is a member of the United Nations, NATO, and the G7. Canada is also a member of the World Trade Organization.

More Essays

• How Did Hoover Lose The Power Of Government Essay
• The Canadian Mosaic vs. The U.S. Melting Pot
• Canadian Family Enetering 21st
• Anti Federalism Dbq Research Paper
• What Did The Enlightenment Thinkers Say About Government Essay
• Role Of Government In Criminal Justice Essay
• How Did James K. Polk Influence The Government Essay
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Federal Government Essay
• Articles Of Confederation Flaws Essay
• American Government System Essay

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Free Samples
• Premium Essays
• Editing Services Editing Proofreading Rewriting
• Extra Tools Essay Topic Generator Thesis Generator Citation Generator GPA Calculator Study Guides Donate Paper
• Essay Writing Help
• About Us About Us Testimonials FAQ
• Studentshare
• Canadian Government

Canadian Government - Essay Example

• Subject: History
• Type: Essay
• Level: College
• Pages: 3 (750 words)
• Downloads: 2
• Author: skuhn

Extract of sample "Canadian Government"

Canada is a democratic country, practicing what is known as the liberal form of democracy (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 8). This paper purports to discuss and analyze the different types of democratic governments in relation to the Canadian political system, highlighting some of the pros and cons of the practiced form. As already mentioned, the Canadian government is liberal in nature. Liberal democracy essentially imparts greater freedom to the public than is offered by the simple definition of democracy which merely empowers the general public to choose their political representatives through voting and elections (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 8).

Liberal democracy ensures greater empowerment through three stipulations: the government works within a legally defined parameter and is checked by rules and laws, written in the form of a constitution; the public has freedom to gather and express political views through a free media and open access to information; and the political representatives compete in a fair election where the public is free to choose amongst them through open voting (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 8). A democratic government, be it liberal or otherwise, can be of one of two basic forms: direct and representative or indirect.

The direct form of democratic government is essentially what was practiced in the Greek politics, where the general public is literally given the power to choose and plan every law and policy that the government proposes and wishes to implement (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). These policies and laws are voted upon by the public, so that the voting system is not restricted merely to the election of the representatives (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). However, this system is not appropriate and practical for the modern day complex societies (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7).

Therefore, an indirect method of democracy is practiced whereby the public chooses their representatives who then make the appropriate laws and policies without public intervention (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). The government, in this case, is authorized to implement policies even by force, that is, through the use of the police and military, and other government agencies (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). The public chooses the representatives that it considers to best serve their interests (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7).

The parties prepare an agenda beforehand on the basis of which they fight the elections. This agenda is often the only way of predicting the party’s course of action once it is in authority (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). In turn, the government, at least that of Canada, is expected to be responsible, that is, it is answerable to the public, and has duties in the social and economic fields that it needs to fulfill to make the state a welfare state (Mintz, Tossutti, and Dunn 7). The representative form of democracy is

• Cited: 0 times
• Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Canadian Government

The canadian government, canadas aboriginal peoples and the meaning of sovereignty, the role of the bank of canada and the government of canada in running the economy, business and canadian government policy: international trade policy, why the canadian government should not provide privatization of water, recommendations on canadian government in response to climate change, canadian economy from 2007 till 2009, canadian economy over the last two years, school system established by the canadian government and managed by churches.

• TERMS & CONDITIONS
• PRIVACY POLICY
• COOKIES POLICY

Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Canada — The Working Principles of Canada’s Court System

The Working Principles of Canada's Court System

• Categories: Canada Justice

About this sample

Words: 749 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 749 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read

Cite this Essay

To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below:

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Verified writer

• Expert in: Geography & Travel Law, Crime & Punishment

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

1 pages / 381 words

2 pages / 1124 words

1 pages / 456 words

3 pages / 1348 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Culture can be defined as the behaviours and belief characteristics of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. Every country has its own special way of life. Canada’s in particular can be considered unique because Canada is a [...]

As human beings, we employ acts of justice in our daily lives, like when you allow the elderly man to take your seat on the bus, or punish your son for misbehaving. Yet, when asked to define the term “justice”, it is [...]

Volunteerism is the practice of people to work on behalf of others willingly without an expectation of being paid or compensated through other tangible gains. It provides a feeling of self-fulfillment and gives you an [...]

The game of lacrosse that we know today is far from what it was at its’ origins in early North American society. Some of the earliest forms of what we know as lacrosse were called baggataway or tewaarathon. According to Morrow [...]

Canada, a country situated in North America, is a land of remarkable diversity, both in terms of its geography and its people. Its vast expanse encompasses a wide range of landscapes, from rugged coastlines to pristine forests, [...]

During the “Roaring Twenties” era, Fanny “Bobbie” Rosenfeld was an exceptional athlete excelling in various sports. She was a role model for women all over the world as she was one of the first to compete in the Olympics. She [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Manage your order and communicate with your writer using the customer center.

With experience gained since 2003, EssayPride successfully completes 98% of all incoming orders. Select options, proceed, and consider your paper done!

Search our huge database of over 200,000 free example essays and research papers nearly on any topic imaginable!

Canadian government essay topics.

You are welcome to search the collection of free essays and research papers. Thousands of coursework topics are available. Buy unique, original custom papers from our essay writing service .

9 results found, view free essays on page:

• Reports Like Strengthening Canadian Democracy 1,436 words Thomas Bateman Political Science 104 Cody Thompson April 2, 2001 Strengthening Canadian Democracy The views of Canadians In the report by Paul Howe and David Northrup titled, "Strengthening Canadian Democracy: the Views of Canadians" Policy Matters 1: 5, Canadians attitudes towards government including questions about electoral system reform, representation and the rate of veter turnout. (Howe & Northrup, 2000) After reading, this report it is clear that many Canadians find many issues of their ...
• Economic Intervention Every Day Our Government 471 words Economic Intervention Every day our government makes economic decisions that affect our country and ourselves. Some of these decisions are good and benefit our lives greatly; however, many of our government's decisions, such as where our tax money should go, are not in our best interests. The Canadian government, although it is tightening up it's measures now, has been very lax with our hard earned tax money. Things like government officials receiving unreasonable benefits, government loans bein...
• Obvious Success Of Cbc Radio 2,465 words Introduction In the words of Prime Minister R.W. Bennett Canadian Broadcasting could be "a great agency for the communication of matters of national concern and the diffusion of national thought and ideas". Does the CBC fulfil the mandate originally set forward by the Aird Commission Does the CBC's current mandate reflect its original purpose How has the CBC coped with the changes brought about by technology Theses are questions that must be answered if the CBC is to preserve Canada's unique cul...
• Riel As A Patriot E 1,069 words Louis Riel- Patriot or Traitor? Louis Riel was born in 1844. He was captured and executed by Canadian authorities in November 16, 1885. He was a leader who gave up his life and time to fight for the right of the Metis, Indians and the western settlers. He was an well-educated young man fluent in both French and English. He was also selected as the Metis's spokesman to negotiate with the Canadian government. During the 1869-70, he led the rebel when Canada purchases Manitoba from the Hudson's bay...
• M'eris And Riel 1,262 words On October 23, 1844, in Red River Manitoba, Louis Riel Sr and Julie Lagimodiere, devout Christians, brought a young M'eris boy into the world. Little did they know, Louis Riel Jr. would grow up to become known to many as "the founder of Manitoba". His life was filled with excitement, both political and personal. The question is, were his actions against the government acts of honor and truth, or deception and lies? Riel Jr.'s political adventures did not begin until he was 25. On November 23, 18...
• Production And Sales Of Canadian Media 540 words American Media Dominating Canadian Culture The possibility of the American media taking over Canadian culture has always been an intimidating issue for Canadians over the past few decades. It has been known that the American model of life is one that is very different from ours and that the americanization of Canada could prove to be a threat of losing our own values and beliefs. The presence of the American media is very tempting for Canadians to forget about our own nations people and their va...
• National Referendum Vote On The Charlottetown Accord 1,085 words What was the Charlottetown Accord The Charlottetown Accord was a body of legislation proposed by Federal and Provincial governments in 1992. The changes proposed in the draft of the Accord would have meant drastic changes to the constitution of Canada. There were five major changes to the Accord. The first was a modified Triple-E Senate, which would require a seventy- percent majority to defeat most federal bills that were proposed. The second change that would occur was to increase the number o...
• Certain Canadian Citizens Throughout The Twentieth Century 1,095 words "Let me tell you my fellow countrymen, that the twentieth century shall be the century of Canada and of Canadian development", promised Wilfrid Laurier. Anxious Canadians waited for Wilfrid Laurier to fulfill his promise, waiting to seek new career opportunities and live prosperously. The nineteenth century was the century of American development; could the twentieth be the century of Canadian development? Many Canadians did see his promise fulfilled, those of European origin that is. To begin, ...
• Power Plants 324 words On Thursday August 14th 2003 at approximately 4: 10 p.m. a massive power outage occurred in Ontario, Canada and northeastern United States. Nearly fifty million people were affected by this huge regional blackout. Ten million Canadians (about one third total Canadians) and forty million Americans (approximately one eight the population) were in the dark. 22 power plants was shutdown during the outage spanning 24,000 square kilometers. Communication by cell phone and means of transportation via r...

Things every student should keep in mind

• Free example essays found anywhere online are available to anyone, which makes them used, re-used, paraphrased, and abused millions of times.
• Watch out, some are poorly written!
• We strongly discourage you to submit free essays or any of their parts for credit at your school -- they are easily detected by PLAGIARISM CHECKERS.
• Get a brand-new, 100% original paper that will be written especially for you following YOUR EXACT instructions.

100% money back, no questions asked if you paper is plagiarized (this won't happen anyway).

We use a simple but effective principle: one satisfied customer will come back for more, but one who was cheated and misled will tell 10 others too.

Our clients are treated with the highest level of respect that a legitimate student deserves. You, as a customer, will feel this attitude starting from your first contact with our essay service and all the way through.

A significant percentage of cheap essay writing services have also been the source of complaints from students for selling cut and pasted work off the net -- this is a world away from the personalized essay service that EssayPride offers. All our guarantees are always kept -- we are nothing without quality, affordable prices, and the high degree of customer satisfaction!

What our customers say

Piotr S. Toronto, Canada

I am an ESL student and I am only learning how to write good papers in English. Thanks to EssayPride I am mastering this skill much faster. They help me because they always respond any questions and explain me things I do not understand. They also strictly follow the deadlines and I am never late with my assignments. Thank you very much, guys, your hard work is appreciated. I will surely be ordering more.

Lindsay M. Winston Salem, NC

Oh my Gosh! My life has become sooo much easier after I've come across this website. I am a working student, so sometimes I am too overwhelmed with so many things and I really need a hand with my papers. I am glad I have found a company I can trust. I have confidence in these guys, because they proved to be good quite a few times.

Kirk N. Austin, TX

I never leave reviews for products or services because I am quite particular and picky. Surprisingly enough, EssayPride has managed to satisfy all of my requirements, even though I asked for several alterations to the paper they've sent initially. My assignments are quite complicated and it is essential to possess a certain level of knowledge in order to write a decent paper. These guys have managed, so I give them four stars.

Emma Ch. Birmingham, UK

Customer service is very responsive to your queries, they answer any question within an hour. Even if you have a problem with an order, you can contact them and they will fix it promptly. The quality of writing is very good, writer knows what he is talking about. I had a very positive experience using this website, I will be a returning customer.

Travis J. Perth, Australia

I used this website more than once and every time my experience turned out to be extremely positive. I think their price-quality ratio is very good, because I couldn't find anyone writing better than these guys, who would work for this money. Thank you!

Myung O. Seoul, South Korea

I am a Korean student studying in the US. I would like to thank essaypride staff, especially writer Jeff P., for helping me out so much. My grades are good with all your help and I keep calm about the results of my year.

Boyi Zh. St. Louis, MO

As probably any student, I was quite hesitant about asking somebody else to do my assignments at first. However, after EssayPride has sent me my first paper and I've read it, I understood that I could actually learn a lot from them. The research they've done was impressive and I understood the topic even better than after going to class and reading my textbook. I am not using this website to "cheat", I am using it as a tutoring service, they help me to understand the material better.

Samples of professionally written essays produced by our company. Feel the difference!

• Marketing Strategies
• Memoirs of the Four Wars
• The Use of Internet Filters
• Female Figures
• Advertising Plans

Free example essays, top 50

• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• Cookie Policy

© 2003-2024 EssayPride.com

Our website uses cookies. By continuing, you agree to their use. Learn more , including how to control cookies.

• The Latest Iteration of the Canadian Government’s Debarment Regime: What Businesses Need to Know

Businesses that contract with the Government of Canada should take note of recent changes to the government’s Ineligibility and Suspension Policy (“Policy”). In force as of May 31, 2024, the Policy amounts to another overhaul of Canada’s debarment regime. Ultimately, while the program will have greater scope and more bureaucracy, it is difficult to see how it will resolve the fundamental tension between debarring businesses on the basis of misconduct or other concerns and the Canadian government’s interest in contracting with such entities in cases involving the needs of the Canadian government or the broader public interest.

• Establishment of a new Office of Supplier Integrity and Compliance (“ OSIC ”) within Public Services and Procurement Canada (“ PSPC ”) to administer the Policy.
• Significant expansion of the set of offences for which a company may face suspension or a determination of ineligibility from Government of Canada contracting, including an economic sanctions trigger.
• Clarification of the process under which the Registrar may enter an administrative agreement with a supplier, either as an alternative to (or alongside) any suspension or determination of ineligibility from Government of Canada contracting.
• Maintenance of a public policy exception to debarment when in the public interest.

This note is intended to summarize key points. The Policy is lengthy and detailed. There are provisions related to the activities of affiliates of suppliers as well as owners, trustees, directors, managers and senior officers of suppliers that are beyond the scope of this note. We also do not cover in this note the provisions regarding contracting with debarred entities or individuals. Many questions will arise during the implementation of the Policy.

Canada has long had statutory debarment for businesses that defraud the government. In particular, section 750(3) of the Criminal Code states that persons (including corporations) that are convicted of offences including governmental corruption or frauds on the Government of Canada are deprived of capacity to contract with the government unless such capacity is restored by cabinet order (i.e., an order of the highest executive authority of the government). The basic concept is that such persons are not trustworthy in light of their history of committing the specified offences.

In 2015, the government issued guidance around a parallel bureaucratic regime that sets out a much greater range of offences in relation to which the government would not enter into contracts with offending businesses.

The new iteration of this regime, as set out in the Policy, states that:

Canada has an obligation to protect and safeguard the use and expenditure of public funds, to ensure stewardship and transparency, and to uphold the public trust in relation to Canada's contracts. Unethical business behaviour undermines fair competition, threatens the integrity of markets, is a barrier to economic growth, increases the cost and risk of doing business, and undermines public confidence in government institutions.

This policy is intended to reduce the instances in which Canada enters into or maintains contracts with suppliers that offend the foregoing.

In short, in addition to safeguarding the expenditure of public funds, the Policy appears to have other broad objectives regarding promotion of ethical business behaviour.

Establishment of the Office of Supplier Integrity and Compliance

The government is establishing OSIC to administer and enforce the Policy by vesting the Registrar of Ineligibility and Suspension (the “ Registrar ”), an entity associated with OSIC, with the authority to declare a supplier ineligible or suspended (in this note we use the term “ debarment ” to refer both to ineligibility and to suspension).

The Policy gives the Registrar significant discretion to determine the length of debarment. In contrast with the previous integrity regime, which established a mandatory 10-year suspension from government contracting for certain offences, the Policy now gives the Registrar and OSIC significant discretion to determine the length of a penalty , up to a maximum of 10 years. The Policy also lists the factors which the Registrar will consider in determining the length of any debarment, including the seriousness of the impugned conduct and any steps taken to address OSIC’s concerns.

Additionally, the Policy vests the Registrar with the authority to enter into administrative agreements with suppliers . Coupled with the Registrar’s discretionary authority to determine the length of any penalty it imposes as described above, rather than a prescribed minimum, this has the potential to dramatically change the way businesses interact with PSPC. This is especially true because, as described below, the list of events which may trigger debarment has been substantially expanded .

Grounds for Debarment

The Policy greatly expands the scope and breadth of conduct which may trigger debarment from the Registrar compared to the previous integrity regime. Appendix 2 of the Policy sets out a list of “ Material Events ” for which the Registrar may debar a supplier, including for example, being convicted or pleading guilty to any of the following offences:

• fraud (in the context of both government and private matters);
• bribery and corruption;
• human trafficking;
• money laundering; or
• conspiracy.
• bid-rigging;
• misleading advertising; or
• the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (“ CFPOA ”).
• specified offences under the Financial Administration Act , Income Tax Act , Excise Tax Act , Controlled Drugs and Substances Act , Canada Elections Act , Immigration and Refugee Protection Act , Lobbying Act , and Part II of the Canada Labour Code .
• certain provincial offences or foreign offences.

Also, the Registrar will determine that a supplier is ineligible if it or a person that owns or controls it is listed or designated under, or has engaged in activity prohibited by, the following Canadian economic sanctions laws:

• the Special Economic Measures Act ;
• the Freezing Assets of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act ;
• the United Nations Act ; and
• the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act .

Additionally, the Registrar has broad discretion to make a determination of ineligibility where the Registrar concludes that:

• contracting with a supplier may bring the Government of Canada’s procurement system into public disrepute or otherwise be contrary to Canadian public policy;
• a supplier lacks business integrity or business honesty in a manner that seriously and directly affects the present responsibility of the supplier;
• a supplier has provided a certification or declaration to the government in relation to the Policy which is false or misleading, in a material respect;
• a supplier has been convicted of an offence that resulted in its being listed on the government’s Environmental Offenders Registry, and the Registrar determines that the wrongful conduct was serious, repetitive or egregious; or
• a supplier has received a poor performance evaluation pursuant to the government's Vendor Performance Corrective Measure Policy and the Registrar determines that the performance deficiencies were serious, repetitive or egregious.

Finally, there are some significant limitations on the Registrar’s authority. It does not extend to a variety of contract types, and additional types of contracts may be excluded from the Registrar’s authority at any time.

Public Interest Override

A government contracting authority can, notwithstanding any decision of the Registrar, enter into a contract with a debarred supplier where the authority considers that doing so is in the public interest and it is not contrary to law (e.g., statutory debarment or an applicable sanctions designation). Bases on which a public interest override may be ordered include, but are not limited to, the following:

• the need to respond to an emergency, where delay would be injurious to the public interest;
• the debarred supplier is the only person capable of performing the contract or providing the real property agreement;
• the contract is essential to maintain sufficient emergency stocks in order to safeguard against possible shortages; and
• not entering into the contract with the debarred supplier would have a significant adverse impact on the health, national security, safety, public security or economic or financial well-being of the people of Canada or the functioning of any portion of the federal public administration.

However, The Registrar may require a debarred supplier to enter into an administrative agreement before being awarded a contract under the public interest exception.

Administrative Agreements

The Policy also sets out the process under which the Registrar may enter an administrative agreement with a supplier. The Policy makes it clear that the Registrar's decision to enter into such an agreement will be assessed on a case-by-case basis, considering any relevant factors, and may take different periods of time to assess.

The administrative agreement concept involves the Registrar and supplier agreeing to terms and conditions, including measures to ensure that the supplier conducts business ethically and responsibly. This may include requiring a supplier to retain an independent third party to monitor, certify, audit and provide opinions regarding the administrative agreement. Administrative agreements may also include provisions relating to separation of specific employees from management or programs, implementation or extension of compliance programs, employee training and information, outside auditing, access by the government to specific documentation, information and records, and any other remedial or compliance measure that the Registrar considers to be in the public interest.

Business Takeaways

A more complex process.

The Policy dramatically overhauls Canada’s debarment regime, significantly expanding the number and the scope of triggers for debarment that may be imposed. It establishes both a new bureaucracy and a new and complex bureaucratic process to implement debarment.

Importantly, it maintains the concept that the public interest may result in overrides of debarment. However, the debarment and override functions are now separated such that the public policy override will be considered only after a debarment decision. It remains to be seen whether this dynamic will make it more difficult for a business to obtain an override, as an override decision will presumably only be taken on the basis of a considerable record, given the dynamics and optics of one government bureaucrat overriding the decision of another.

Concerns about the effectiveness of the new process

More broadly, it remains to be seen how the Registrar will make debarment decisions and, in particular, whether the Registrar will be willing to consider submissions (which businesses facing debarment will certainly attempt to make) regarding the broader public interest including potential impacts on Canadian employees, communities and taxing authorities or whether such considerations must be left to a government contracting authority.

As debarment and override decisions are to some extent potentially political, it is reasonable to expect that the inherent challenges in government debarment may not be resolved by vesting debarment authority in the Registrar. Similarly, having government contracting authorities make override decisions based on the broad public interest is a significant burden to place on bureaucrats who may not be best placed to weigh the competing interests. Alternatively, it is foreseeable that bureaucrats will not make override decisions without some form of approval from the relevant Minister, which in the current highly centralized government decision making environment may result in overrides effectively being Cabinet-level decisions (generally, government bureaucrats go to great lengths to not, without Ministerial direction, take actions that may raise significant political debate).

In short, the debarment regime set out in the Policy may in relation to criminal offences at its core essentially mirror the statutory debarment regime in the Criminal Code , albeit for a much larger range of offences and with an additional bureaucratic structure.

Discretionary authority of the Registrar

Finally, there is the wide, and frankly concerning, discretion of the Registrar to impose debarment for public policy, general honesty or integrity concerns, or for egregious environmental offences. It is difficult to see how a government bureaucrat is well placed to make such determinations, which may have significant implications for government procurement and businesses that supply the government with goods and services. If this discretion is exercised, it will likely be contentious and raise serious concerns for government procurement and businesses that supply the government, as well as their employees, suppliers and communities in which they operate.

Going Forward

Businesses that contract or intend to contract with the government should familiarize themselves with the Policy to ensure that they understand the debarment risk arising from the kind of conduct described in the Policy. Businesses often have compliance programs in place that are intended to prevent criminal activity, and companies generally aim to comply with the law. The Policy creates an additional layer of risk in terms of ability to contract with the government where compliance is not achieved. A review and refresh of compliance policies may be timely.

[ View source .]

Latest Posts

• Five Things to Know About Québec’s New Data Mobility Right
• Setting the Stage: CSA Prepare for Canada’s Business Conduct Regime for OTC Derivatives Dealers and Advisers
• Strengthening Canada’s Financial Sector: Phase 3 of the Federal Consultation Emphasizes Competition and Consumer Interests
• CSA Propose Amendments Related to CSE’s Senior Tier, Majority Voting, Escrow Agreements and More

See more »

DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations. Attorney Advertising.

Refine your interests »

Written by:

PUBLISH YOUR CONTENT ON JD SUPRA NOW

• Increased visibility
• Actionable analytics
• Ongoing guidance

Published In:

Stikeman elliott llp on:.

"My best business intelligence, in one easy email…"

The government is taking a puzzling approach to newspaper subscriptions

Peter Menzies is a senior fellow with the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, a former publisher of the Calgary Herald and a previous vice-chair of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).

If the federal government is serious about building a long-term, sustainable framework for an independent news industry, it can start by supporting the integrity of subscriptions.

Full recognition of the value of purchased access to news, while just one of many policy shifts required for a healthy Canadian journalism industry has, to date, been less than stellar. If the government truly believes that journalism is a public good, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his cabinet colleagues need to concede that the current practice of allowing only 15 per cent of the cost of a subscription to be tax deductible is far from adequate. In our 2023 policy paper , “And now, the news,” Konrad von Finckenstein and I recommended that the deduction be increased to 100 per cent. The Globe and Mail editorial board followed by recommending a still-considerable 70 per cent, which would give a news subscription the same value under the tax code as a political party donation.

That number is certainly open for debate, but what shouldn’t be is the integrity of those subscriptions, once purchased. While publishers should be free to offer them in whatever packages they prefer – individual, household/family packs or bulk purchases – what should not be okay is the sharing of the passwords and usernames for those subscriptions without the publisher’s permission – not if you want a healthy news industry, that is.

And yet, Mr. Trudeau’s government has for years been fighting in court for the right to do just that. So far, it’s winning. A federal court ruling released on May 31 sided with the Attorney-General against Blacklock’s Reporter, an independent, subscription-based news platform that covers parliamentary affairs. In doing so, it ruled that a Parks Canada decision to share the password to a single Blacklock’s subscription with a number of employees was consistent with the broad value of the Copyright Act’s fair dealing exception for research. It further ruled that Parks Canada’s practice doesn’t amount to the circumvention of a technological protection measure.

University of Ottawa law professor Michael Geist called the ruling a “huge win” for copyright user rights in Canada, and from that perspective, there’s no reason to disagree with him.

On the other hand, Barry Sookman, senior counsel with McCarthy Tétrault LLP, said in his own analysis that the decision was “ riddled with mistakes .”

“This is a case that cries out for appellate review,” he wrote. “But that is not all. The Government of Canada should take stock of the impacts of its legal positions on the news industry. It professes a desire to build a strong and independent newspaper industry. Yet, the government’s positions in court … all suggest the opposite.”

Both Dr. Geist and Mr. Sookman have expertise that I do not share, certainly not when it comes to legal analyses, the particulars of this case and copyright law.

But it should be obvious that it is bizarre for Mr. Trudeau’s government to be going to the barricades to defend what it interprets as copyright user rights in a manner that could undermine an industry it has attempted to sustain indirectly (such as via the journalism labour tax credit , and the Online News Act ) and, directly, through the Heritage Department’s special measures for journalism and the Local Journalism Initiative .

Lobbyists for, and many backers of, the news business have made the case for years that, operating free from government control or influence, a healthy journalism industry is vital for liberal democracies to flourish. Mr. Trudeau himself has made that point on many occasions. And yet his government has doggedly fought a case that – regardless of its particulars – threatens the ability of that same industry to sustain itself through the acquisition and retention of subscribers.

Blacklock’s proprietors appear to have built a successful small business, and after recovering from their initial shock at losing their case, they have organized an appeal of the decision, which was filed with the Federal Court of Appeal last week. But there is no indication that any other news organizations are willing to go toe-to-toe with the government, which leaves Mr. Trudeau and his ministers to consider Mr. Sookman’s advice:

“It is high time the government decides whether it wants to win its suits with Blacklock’s at all costs and in the process create precedents which undermine news services and other cultural industries in Canada or do the right thing and support Canadian news publishing. A good start would be revisiting its legal argument and if this case is appealed, think about what it is really trying to accomplish.”

So far, there is no reason to believe they will do so.

Report an editorial error

Report a technical issue

Editorial code of conduct

Follow related authors and topics

• Journalism Industry

Authors and topics you follow will be added to your personal news feed in Following .

Interact with The Globe