Understanding Hate Crime & Contextualising the HCWG research
COMMENTS
Addressing Hate Crime in the 21st Century: Trends, Threats, and
Hate crimes, often referred to as bias-motivated crimes, have garnered greater public attention and concern as political rhetoric in the United States and internationally has promoted the exclusion of people based on their group identity. This review examines what we know about the trends in hate crime behavior and the legal responses to this problem across four main domains. First, we ...
Using Research to Improve Hate Crime Reporting and Identification
International Association of Chiefs of Police, Responding to Hate Crimes: A Police Officer's Guide to Investigation and Prevention (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Administration, 1999). The five NIJ-supported hate crime study reports covered in this article are: Carlos A. Cuevas, et al., Understanding and Measuring Bias Victimization Against Latinos, October ...
Overview of Hate Crime
Overview of Hate Crime. September 13, 2021. Hate crimes (also known as "bias crimes") are recognized as a distinct category of crimes that have a broader effect than most other kinds of crimes because the victims are not only the crime's immediate target but also others like them. The FBI defines hate crimes as "criminal offense [s ...
Full article: Reimagining the Relationship Between Hate Crime and
Introduction. Since the middle of the 2010s a developing body of scholarship has examined the relationship between hate crime and terrorism. Footnote 1 Experts, however, have yet to reach any agreement over the nature and strength of the connections between these two definitionally distinct yet overlapping concepts, and their security implications. . Instead, contrasting "distant relatives ...
I hate you no more, dude: understanding and preventing hate crimes and
A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender or gender identity. 2 In the same way, social discrimination is defined as sustained inequality between individuals on the basis of illness, disability ...
Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income ...
Yet, hate-based violence persists amid increased criminalization. One reason for this persistence could be widespread citizen support. Ethnographic accounts (8, 9) and perpetrator studies, c.f. refs. 10, 11 consistently point to the significance of community support.The social environment sends strong messages about what behaviors are acceptable and desirable, and this extends to hate crime.
Critical hate studies: A new perspective
Green DP, McFalls LH, Smith JK (2001) Hate crime: An emergent research agenda. Annual Review of Sociology 27(1): 479-504. Crossref. Google Scholar. Hall N (2005) Hate Crime. Cullompton: Willan. Google Scholar. Hall N (2015) Understanding hate crimes: Sociological and criminological perspectives.
Hate Crime Reporting: The Relationship Between Types of Barriers and
Previous research has identified numerous barriers to reporting hate crimes. However, high variability exists in the outcome measures considered across multiple studies, including whether hate crimes encompass non-criminal behaviours, whether victims' perceptions are considered bias indicators, and whether the incident is reported to police or to other organisations. These inconsistencies ...
Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income ...
Hate crime is a pervasive problem across societies. Though perpetrators represent a small share of the population, their actions continue in part because they enjoy community support. ... M. Allwood et al., Identity-based hate and violence as trauma: Current research, clinical implications, and advocacy in a globally connected world. J ...
Hate Crime Research: Design and Measurement Strategies for Improving
The next generation of hate crime research must move in this design-based direction. This essay reviews recent examples of experiments and quasi-experiments in criminology, political science, and economics that provide useful design templates for hate crime researchers. At the same time, we caution that advances in design must also be ...
The Consequences of Hate Crime Victimization: Considering Prejudicial
Objectives: While extant research has largely framed prejudicial attitudes as a precursor to hate crime offending, the current research considers the possibility that negative outgroup attitudes may also be an important consequence of hate crime victimization as well.Methods: Using survey data from 3,183 respondents across the United States, this research employs a series of regression models ...
Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the
Research also suggests that hate crime victims experience more severe consequences compared to victims of non-hate crimes (Mellgren, Andersson, & Ivert, 2017). Specifically, McDevitt, Balboni, Garcia, and Gu ( 2001 ) reported that bias crimes impact victims differently than non-bias crimes in that victims of bias crimes are more fearful and ...
Hate Crimes: National Database Identifies Traits and Motivations
The study advanced research on hate crime by equipping researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with the first-ever dataset of a national sample of those who have committed hate crime, assembling data from the period 1990 to 2018. The database, known as the Bias Incidents and Actors Study, or BIAS, analyzed information on 966 adults who had ...
Hate as a system: Examining hate crimes and hate groups as state level
Introduction. Hate is a persistent issue in the United States. The 2020 Federal Bureau of Investigation report found that hate crimes (crimes typically involving violence that is motivated by prejudice toward certain categories such as race) in the U.S. rose to the highest level in more than a decade (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2021).Yahagi (2019) suggests that increases in hate crime ...
Full article: What is a hate crime?
Chakraborti and Garland (Citation 2015) argue that even Perry's more expansive definition of hate crime is limited, and propose what they refer to as a simpler "and in some ways broader" definition in their research, that is by defining hate crimes as "acts of violence, hostility and intimidation directed towards people because of their ...
Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups
RESEARCH ARTICLE POLITICAL SCIENCES OPEN ACCESS Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals Rafaela Dancygiera,1 ID Edited by Larry Bartels, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; received July 25, 2022; accepted December 20, 2022 Hate crime is a pervasive problem across ...
Hate Crime: An Emergent Research Agenda
Hate crime is difficult to define, measure, and explain. After summarizing some of the leading conceptual issues and theoretical perspectives, we discuss the practical difficulties associated with data collection. Although the research literature remains small and largely descriptive, recent studies have begun to relate hate crime patterns to economic cycles, population flows, and changes in ...
Perceiving racial hate crimes: a power-relation perspective
A crime beyond hate: a power-relation perspective. While motivation is an important part of defining a hate crime, some scholars contend that a biased motivation is not the most vital part of defining a hate crime (Gerstenfeld, 2017).Rather, the key to identifying a hate crime is the group affiliation of the victim (Chakraborti & Garland, 2009).Hate crimes are viewed as "message crime ...
Hate crimes are on the rise in the U.S. What are the psychological effects?
A 2020 study found experiences of hate are associated with poor emotional wellbeing such as feelings of anger and shame. Victims tend to experience poor mental health, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior. Some research also points to the finding that the experience of hate-motivated behavior can result in blaming of and lower ...
Assessing attitudes about hate: Further validation of the hate crime
The Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS) is an assessment of attitudes about hate crime laws, offenders, and victims. The original HCBS includes four subscales (negative beliefs, offender punishment, deterrence, and victim harm), while a shortened and modified version from the United Kingdom (UK; HCBS-UK) consists of three subscales (denial, sentencing, and compassion).
PDF Research report 102: Causes and motivations of hate crime
The Commission's report on Prejudice and Unlawful (Abrams, Swift and Mahmood, 2016) concludes that 'little research has attempted to explore the empirical link between prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviours' (p. 133). Our review of the literature concurs with this finding in relation to hate crime.
Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups
Hate crime is a pervasive problem. In the United States, 2021 was a particularly violent year as bias-motivated attacks targeting Asian Americans more than tripled, while recorded anti-Semitic incidents were at an all-time high (1, 2).In Europe, refugee inflows in the 2010s unleashed a wave of antirefugee and anti-Muslim attacks ().Deadly violence against members of LGBTQ communities also ...
Why We Hate
Research relating hate crime to the belief in a just world, however, clearly suggests that the absence of punishment may increase hate and hate crimes because it signals that the victim and even the whole group to which the victim belongs deserves this fate. This consequence is especially present for hate crimes because, in contrast with other ...
Hate Crimes
Hate crimes (also known as "bias crimes") are recognized as a distinct category of crimes that have a broader effect that most other kinds of crimes because the victims are not only the crime's immediate target but also others like them. The FBI defines hate crimes as "criminal offense[s] against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by a person's bias against a race ...
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Hate crimes, often referred to as bias-motivated crimes, have garnered greater public attention and concern as political rhetoric in the United States and internationally has promoted the exclusion of people based on their group identity. This review examines what we know about the trends in hate crime behavior and the legal responses to this problem across four main domains. First, we ...
International Association of Chiefs of Police, Responding to Hate Crimes: A Police Officer's Guide to Investigation and Prevention (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Administration, 1999). The five NIJ-supported hate crime study reports covered in this article are: Carlos A. Cuevas, et al., Understanding and Measuring Bias Victimization Against Latinos, October ...
Overview of Hate Crime. September 13, 2021. Hate crimes (also known as "bias crimes") are recognized as a distinct category of crimes that have a broader effect than most other kinds of crimes because the victims are not only the crime's immediate target but also others like them. The FBI defines hate crimes as "criminal offense [s ...
Introduction. Since the middle of the 2010s a developing body of scholarship has examined the relationship between hate crime and terrorism. Footnote 1 Experts, however, have yet to reach any agreement over the nature and strength of the connections between these two definitionally distinct yet overlapping concepts, and their security implications. . Instead, contrasting "distant relatives ...
A hate crime is a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender or gender identity. 2 In the same way, social discrimination is defined as sustained inequality between individuals on the basis of illness, disability ...
Yet, hate-based violence persists amid increased criminalization. One reason for this persistence could be widespread citizen support. Ethnographic accounts (8, 9) and perpetrator studies, c.f. refs. 10, 11 consistently point to the significance of community support.The social environment sends strong messages about what behaviors are acceptable and desirable, and this extends to hate crime.
Green DP, McFalls LH, Smith JK (2001) Hate crime: An emergent research agenda. Annual Review of Sociology 27(1): 479-504. Crossref. Google Scholar. Hall N (2005) Hate Crime. Cullompton: Willan. Google Scholar. Hall N (2015) Understanding hate crimes: Sociological and criminological perspectives.
Previous research has identified numerous barriers to reporting hate crimes. However, high variability exists in the outcome measures considered across multiple studies, including whether hate crimes encompass non-criminal behaviours, whether victims' perceptions are considered bias indicators, and whether the incident is reported to police or to other organisations. These inconsistencies ...
Hate crime is a pervasive problem across societies. Though perpetrators represent a small share of the population, their actions continue in part because they enjoy community support. ... M. Allwood et al., Identity-based hate and violence as trauma: Current research, clinical implications, and advocacy in a globally connected world. J ...
The next generation of hate crime research must move in this design-based direction. This essay reviews recent examples of experiments and quasi-experiments in criminology, political science, and economics that provide useful design templates for hate crime researchers. At the same time, we caution that advances in design must also be ...
Objectives: While extant research has largely framed prejudicial attitudes as a precursor to hate crime offending, the current research considers the possibility that negative outgroup attitudes may also be an important consequence of hate crime victimization as well.Methods: Using survey data from 3,183 respondents across the United States, this research employs a series of regression models ...
Research also suggests that hate crime victims experience more severe consequences compared to victims of non-hate crimes (Mellgren, Andersson, & Ivert, 2017). Specifically, McDevitt, Balboni, Garcia, and Gu ( 2001 ) reported that bias crimes impact victims differently than non-bias crimes in that victims of bias crimes are more fearful and ...
The study advanced research on hate crime by equipping researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with the first-ever dataset of a national sample of those who have committed hate crime, assembling data from the period 1990 to 2018. The database, known as the Bias Incidents and Actors Study, or BIAS, analyzed information on 966 adults who had ...
Introduction. Hate is a persistent issue in the United States. The 2020 Federal Bureau of Investigation report found that hate crimes (crimes typically involving violence that is motivated by prejudice toward certain categories such as race) in the U.S. rose to the highest level in more than a decade (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2021).Yahagi (2019) suggests that increases in hate crime ...
Chakraborti and Garland (Citation 2015) argue that even Perry's more expansive definition of hate crime is limited, and propose what they refer to as a simpler "and in some ways broader" definition in their research, that is by defining hate crimes as "acts of violence, hostility and intimidation directed towards people because of their ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE POLITICAL SCIENCES OPEN ACCESS Hate crime supporters are found across age, gender, and income groups and are susceptible to violent political appeals Rafaela Dancygiera,1 ID Edited by Larry Bartels, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; received July 25, 2022; accepted December 20, 2022 Hate crime is a pervasive problem across ...
Hate crime is difficult to define, measure, and explain. After summarizing some of the leading conceptual issues and theoretical perspectives, we discuss the practical difficulties associated with data collection. Although the research literature remains small and largely descriptive, recent studies have begun to relate hate crime patterns to economic cycles, population flows, and changes in ...
A crime beyond hate: a power-relation perspective. While motivation is an important part of defining a hate crime, some scholars contend that a biased motivation is not the most vital part of defining a hate crime (Gerstenfeld, 2017).Rather, the key to identifying a hate crime is the group affiliation of the victim (Chakraborti & Garland, 2009).Hate crimes are viewed as "message crime ...
A 2020 study found experiences of hate are associated with poor emotional wellbeing such as feelings of anger and shame. Victims tend to experience poor mental health, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior. Some research also points to the finding that the experience of hate-motivated behavior can result in blaming of and lower ...
The Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS) is an assessment of attitudes about hate crime laws, offenders, and victims. The original HCBS includes four subscales (negative beliefs, offender punishment, deterrence, and victim harm), while a shortened and modified version from the United Kingdom (UK; HCBS-UK) consists of three subscales (denial, sentencing, and compassion).
The Commission's report on Prejudice and Unlawful (Abrams, Swift and Mahmood, 2016) concludes that 'little research has attempted to explore the empirical link between prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviours' (p. 133). Our review of the literature concurs with this finding in relation to hate crime.
Hate crime is a pervasive problem. In the United States, 2021 was a particularly violent year as bias-motivated attacks targeting Asian Americans more than tripled, while recorded anti-Semitic incidents were at an all-time high (1, 2).In Europe, refugee inflows in the 2010s unleashed a wave of antirefugee and anti-Muslim attacks ().Deadly violence against members of LGBTQ communities also ...
Research relating hate crime to the belief in a just world, however, clearly suggests that the absence of punishment may increase hate and hate crimes because it signals that the victim and even the whole group to which the victim belongs deserves this fate. This consequence is especially present for hate crimes because, in contrast with other ...
Hate crimes (also known as "bias crimes") are recognized as a distinct category of crimes that have a broader effect that most other kinds of crimes because the victims are not only the crime's immediate target but also others like them. The FBI defines hate crimes as "criminal offense[s] against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by a person's bias against a race ...