how to not write a five paragraph essay

How to Write a Five-Paragraph Essay, With Outlines and an Example

A five-paragraph essay is a simple format for writing a complete essay, fitting the minimal components of an essay into just five paragraphs. Although it doesn’t have much breadth for complexity, the five-paragraph essay format is useful for helping students and academics structure basic papers.

If you’re having trouble writing , you can use the five-paragraph essay format as a guide or template. Below we discuss the fundamentals of the five-paragraph essay, explaining how to write one and what to include.

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What is a five-paragraph essay?

The five-paragraph essay format is a guide that helps writers structure an essay. It consists of one introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs for support, and one concluding paragraph. Because of this structure, it has been nicknamed the “hamburger essay,” the “one-three-one essay,” and the “three-tier essay.”

You won’t find too many five-paragraph essay examples in literature, simply because the format is too short. The five-paragraph essay format is more popular for educational assignments, such as school papers or quick writing exercises. Think of it as a writing tool to guide structure rather than an independent genre of essay.

Part of the appeal of the five-paragraph essay format is that it can accommodate all types of essays . No matter your assignment, whether an argumentative essay or a compare-and-contrast essay , you can apply the structure of a five-paragraph essay to communicate clearly and logically, as long as your topic is simple enough to be covered in just five paragraphs .

How to start a five-paragraph essay

As with all essays, before you begin writing a five-paragraph essay, you first need to know your thesis, or main topic. Your thesis is the idea you will defend or expand upon, and ultimately what your entire essay is about, and the three paragraphs in the middle will support, prove, or elaborate on your thesis.

Naturally, you can’t begin writing until you know what you’re writing about. If your thesis is not provided in the assignment, choose one that has sufficient content for discussion, or at least enough to fill five paragraphs.

Writers typically explain the thesis in the thesis statement , a sentence in the first paragraph that tells the reader what the essay is about. You don’t need to write this first, but phrasing the topic as a single sentence can help you to understand it, focus it, and revise it if needed.

Once you’ve selected a topic, we recommend writing a quick essay outline so you know what information to include and in which paragraphs. Your five-paragraph essay outline is like a blueprint where you can perfect the order and structure of your essay beforehand to save time on editing later.

How to transition between paragraphs

One of the biggest challenges in essay writing is transitioning from one paragraph to another. Good writing is seamless and fluid, so if your paragraph transitions are jarring or abrupt, readers will get distracted from the flow and lose momentum or even interest.

The best way to move logically from one point to another is to create transition sentences using words or phrases like “however,” “similarly,” or “on the other hand.” Sometimes adding a single word to the beginning of a paragraph is enough to connect it to the preceding paragraph and keep the reader on track. You can find a full list of transition words and phrases here .

Five-paragraph essay format

If you’re writing your five-paragraph essay outline—or if you’re diving right into the first draft—it helps to know what information to include in each paragraph. Just like in all prose writing, the basic components of your essay are its paragraphs .

In five-paragraph essays, each paragraph has a unique role to play. Below we explain the goals for each specific paragraph and what to include in them.

Introductory paragraph

The first paragraph is crucial. Not only does it set the tone of your entire essay, it also introduces the topic to the reader so they know what to expect. Luckily, many of the same suggestions for how to start an essay still apply to five-paragraph essays.

First and foremost, your introductory paragraph should contain your thesis statement. This single sentence clearly communicates what the entire essay is about, including your opinion or argument, if it’s warranted.

The thesis statement is often the first sentence, but feel free to move it back if you want to open with something more attention-grabbing, like a hook. In writing, a hook is something that attracts the reader’s interest, such as mystery, urgency, or good old-fashioned drama.

Your introductory paragraph is also a good spot to include any background context for your topic. You should save the most significant information for the body paragraphs, but you can use the introduction to give basic information that your readers might not know.

Finally, your introductory paragraph should touch on the individual points made in the subsequent paragraphs, similar to an outline. You don’t want to give too much away in the first paragraph, just a brief mention of what you’ll discuss. Save the details for the following paragraphs, where you’ll have room to elaborate.

Body paragraphs

The three body paragraphs are the “meat” of your essay, where you describe details, share evidence, explain your reasoning, and otherwise advance your thesis. Each paragraph should be a separate and independent topic that supports your thesis.

Start each paragraph with a topic sentence , which acts a bit like a thesis statement, except it describes the topic of only that paragraph. The topic sentence summarizes the point that the entire paragraph makes, but saves the details for the following sentences. Don’t be afraid to include a transition word or phrase in the topic sentence if the subject change from the previous paragraph is too drastic.

After the topic sentence, fill in the rest of the paragraph with the details. These could be persuasive arguments, empirical data, quotes from authoritative sources, or just logical reasoning. Be sure to avoid any sentences that are off-topic or tangential; five-paragraph essays are supposed to be concise, so include only the relevant details.

Concluding paragraph

The final paragraph concludes the essay. You don’t want to add any new evidence or support in the last paragraph; instead, summarize the points from the previous paragraphs and tie them together. Here, the writer restates the thesis and reminds the reader of the points made in the three body paragraphs.

If the goal of your essay is to convince the reader to do something, like donate to a cause or change their behavior, the concluding paragraph can also include a call to action. A call to action is a statement or request that explains clearly what the writer wants the reader to do. For example, if your topic is preventing forest fires, your call to action might be: “Remember to obey safety laws when camping.”

The basic principles of how to write a conclusion for an essay apply to five-paragraph essays as well. For example, the final paragraph is a good time to explain why this topic matters or to add your own opinion. It also helps to end with a thought-provoking sentence, such as an open-ended question, to give your audience something to think about after reading.

Five-paragraph essay example

Here’s a five-paragraph essay example, so you can better understand how they work.

Capybaras make great pets, and the laws against owning them should be reconsidered. Capybaras are a dog-sized animal with coarse fur, native to eastern South America. They’re known across the internet as the friendliest animal on the planet, but there’s a lot of misinformation about them as pets. They’re considered an exotic animal, so a lot of legal restrictions prevent people from owning them as pets, but it’s time to reevaluate these laws.

For one thing, capybaras are rodents—the largest rodents in the world, actually—and plenty of rodents are already normalized as pets. Capybaras are closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas, both of which are popular pets, and more distantly related to mice and rats, another common type of pet. In nature, most rodents (including capybaras) are social animals and live in groups, which makes them accustomed to life as a pet.

There are a lot of prevalent myths about capybaras that dissuade people from owning them, but most of these are unfounded. For example, people assume capybaras smell bad, but this is not true; their special fur actually resists odor. Another myth is that they’re messy, but in reality, capybaras don’t shed often and can even be litter-trained! One rumor based in truth is that they can be destructive and chew on their owners’ things, but so can dogs, and dogs are one of the most common pets we have.

The one reasonable criticism for keeping capybaras as pets is that they are high-maintenance. Capybaras require lots of space to run around and are prone to separation anxiety if owners are gone most of the day. Moreover, capybaras are semi-aquatic, so it’s best for them to have a pool to swim in. However difficult these special conditions are to meet, they’re all still doable; as with all pets, the owners should simply commit to these prerequisites before getting one.

All in all, the advantages of capybaras as pets outweigh the cons. As rodents, they’re social and trainable, and many of the deterrent myths about them are untrue. Even the extra maintenance they require is still manageable. If capybaras are illegal to own where you live, contact your local lawmakers and petition them to reconsider these laws. You’ll see first-hand just why the internet has fallen in love with this “friend-shaped” animal!

In this example, you’ll notice a lot of the points we discussed earlier.

The first sentence in the first paragraph is our thesis statement, which explains what this essay is about and the writer’s stance on the subject. Also in the first paragraph is the necessary background information for context, in this case a description of capybaras for readers who aren’t familiar with them.

Notice how each of the three body paragraphs focuses on its own particular topic. The first discusses how rodents in general make good pets, and the second dispels some common rumors about capybaras as pets. The third paragraph directly addresses criticism of the writer’s point of view, a common tactic used in argumentative and persuasive essays to strengthen the writer’s argument.

Last, the concluding paragraph reiterates the previous points and ties them together. Because the topic involves laws about keeping capybaras as pets, there’s a call to action about contacting lawmakers. The final sentence is written as a friendly send-off, leaving the reader at a high point.

Five-paragraph essay FAQ

What is a five-paragraph essay.

A five-paragraph essay is a basic form of essay that acts as a writing tool to teach structure. It’s common in schools for short assignments and writing practice.

How is it structured?

The five-paragraph essay structure consists of, in order: one introductory paragraph that introduces the main topic and states a thesis, three body paragraphs to support the thesis, and one concluding paragraph to wrap up the points made in the essay.

Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Writing > The pros and cons of the five-paragraph essay

The pros and cons of the five-paragraph essay

The five-paragraph essay is a writing structure typically taught in high school. Structurally, it consists of an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This clear structure helps students connect points into a succinct argument. It’s a great introductory structure, but only using this writing formula has its limitations.

What is a five-paragraph essay?

Outside of the self-titled structure, the five-paragraph essay has additional rules. To start, your introductory paragraph should include a hook to captivate your audience. It should also introduce your thesis , or the argument you are proving. The thesis should be one sentence, conclude your introductory paragraph, and include supporting points. These points will become the body of your essay. The body paragraphs should introduce a specific point, include examples and supporting information, and then conclude. This process is repeated until you reach the fifth concluding paragraph, in which you summarize your essay.

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The benefits of a five-paragraph essay

Your ideas are clear. Presenting your ideas in a succinct, organized manner makes them easy to understand and the five-paragraph essay is designed for that. It provides a clear outline to follow. And most importantly, it’s organized around the thesis, so the argument can be traced from the beginning of the essay to its conclusion. When learning how to write essays, losing track of your thesis can be a common mistake. By using this structure, it’s harder to go on tangents. Each of your points are condensed into a single paragraph. If you struggle presenting your ideas, following this structure might be your best bet.
It’s simple. Creating an essay structure takes additional brainpower and time to craft. If an essay is timed in an exam, relying on this method is helpful. You can quickly convey your ideas so you can spend more time writing and less structuring your essay.
It helps build your writing skills. If you’re new to writing essays, this is a great tool. Since the structure is taken care of, you can practice writing and build your skills. Learn more writing tips to improve your essays.

The cons of writing a five-paragraph essay

The structure is rigid. Depending on its usage, the structure and convention of the five paragraphs can make creating an essay easier to understand and write. However, for writing outside of a traditional high school essay, this format can be limiting. To illustrate points creatively, you might want to create a different structure to illustrate your argument.
Writing becomes repetitive. This format quickly becomes repetitive. Moving from body-to-body paragraph using the same rules and format creates a predictable rhythm. Reading this predictable format can become dull. And if you’re writing for a college professor, they will want you to showcase creativity in your writing. Try using a different essay structure to make your writing more interesting
Lack of transitions. Quickly moving through ideas in a five-paragraph structure essay doesn’t always leave room for transitions. The structure is too succinct. Each paragraph only leaves enough space for a writer to broadly delve into an idea and then move onto the next. In longer essays, you can use additional paragraphs to connect ideas. Without transitions, essays in this format can feel choppy, as each point is detached from the previous one
Its rules can feel unnecessary. Breaking your essay into three body paragraphs keeps it concise. But is three the perfect number of body paragraphs? Some arguments might need more support than three points to substantiate them. Limiting your argument to three points can weaken its credibility and can feel arbitrary for a writer to stick to.

Creating essays using the five-paragraph structure is situational. Use your best judgement to decide when to take advantage of this essay formula. If you’re writing on a computer with Microsoft Word , try using Microsoft Editor to edit your essay.

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Writing Guides / How to Craft a Stellar 5-Paragraph Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Craft a Stellar 5-Paragraph Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide

What is a 5-Paragraph Essay?

There is no better way to write a short scholastic essay than using the tried-and-true 5-paragraph essay format. It’s a simple template, consisting of an introductory paragraph, three topic paragraphs that make up the body, and a concluding paragraph. Each section of the body covers one point to support the main idea of the essay, stated in the introduction. It is simple, straight-forward, and by far the most common essay format used in schools. If you have an essay to write, you can’t go wrong if you stick to the 5-paragraph essay format. Follow this guideline, and your writing will be focused, to the point, and spot on.

How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay

All you need to write a 5-paragraph essay is a main idea and three points to support that idea. Once you have that, you simply introduce the main idea in the first paragraph, use the subsequent second, third, and fourth paragraphs to support that idea, and close it out with the fifth paragraph, which restates the main idea in new words. Sounds easy enough, right?

Well, we can actually break it down even more. So, let’s take it step by step just to make sure you got it.

Choose a Topic

Before writing, you should have a clear topic in mind. This might be one that’s assigned to you, or if you have the freedom to choose, you can pick a subject you know something about or would like to learn more about. At any rate, it’s something you can identify and write about.

Research and Outline

Gather information about your topic and decide on the three main points or arguments you want to make in the body of your essay. This gives you a direction. Create an essay outline to organize your thoughts and that will serve as the roadmap for your paper. List the points in order of least important to most important.

Write the Introduction

Start the essay with a “ hook ”—an attention-grabbing statement that will get the reader’s interest. This could be an interesting fact, a quote, or a question. After the hook, introduce your topic and end the introduction with a clear thesis statement that presents your main argument or point.

Write the Body Paragraphs

Each of the three body paragraphs should start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of that paragraph. Follow the topic sentence with supporting details, examples, or evidence to back up your point. Each paragraph should focus on a single main idea that supports the thesis. So, all together there should be three elements of your main idea that you can write a paragraph about.

Write the Conclusion

Summarize the main points made in your essay and restate your thesis in a new way. You can also add a final thought that will give your reader something to ponder.

5 Paragraph Essay Format

Introduction

Hook : This is a sentence that grabs the reader’s attention.
Brief Introduction : This should be a few sentences introducing the topic.
Thesis Statement : This is a clear statement of your main argument or point.

Body Paragraphs 1, 2, and 3

Topic Sentence : This is the first sentence of the paragraph: it introduces the main idea of this paragraph.
Supporting Details/Examples : This should consist of 2-3 sentences that provide evidence or explanations to support the topic sentence.
Concluding Sentence : This summarizes the paragraph and provides a transition to the next topic paragraph.
Restate Thesis : This reminds the reader of your main argument.
Summary : This is where you recap the main points you made in your body paragraphs.
Final Thought : This is a concluding thought to end your essay on a strong note.

This essay format is easy to use and gives a clear structure for presenting information. It is especially helpful for anyone who is new to writing. The more used to it you become, the more likely you will be to develop even longer, more complex essays over time.

5 Paragraph Essay Outline Examples

5 paragraph essay outline example on exercising.

“The Benefits of Regular Exercising”

I. Introduction

Hook: Imagine being able to improve your mental health, physical appearance, and lifespan with just a few hours of exercise a week. You would want to do it, wouldn’t you?
Brief Introduction: Regular exercise supports a healthy lifestyle no matter who you are. Whether you are old, young, etc…
Thesis Statement: The benefits of exercising regularly include an improved mental well-being, improved heart health, and reduced risk of chronic diseases.

II. Body Paragraph 1: Improved Mental Well-being

Topic Sentence: One of the biggest benefits of regular exercise is the fact that it improves your mental health. How?
Supporting Detail 1: First of all, exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters.
Supporting Detail 2: Physical activity also reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Concluding Sentence: Clearly physical exercise has benefits for your brain—but what else can it do?

III. Body Paragraph 2: Boosted Cardiovascular Health

Topic Sentence: Engaging in regular physical activity also greatly benefits the heart and circulatory system.
Supporting Detail 1: Exercise strengthens the heart muscle, allowing it to pump blood more efficiently.
Supporting Detail 2: Regular exercise helps regulate blood pressure, reducing the risk of hypertension.
Concluding Sentence: Not only is it good for your mind, but exercise is also good for your body.

IV. Body Paragraph 3: Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases

Topic Sentence: Besides immediate benefits, exercise plays a crucial role in preventing various chronic diseases.
Supporting Detail 1: Physical activity reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity.
Supporting Detail 2: Exercise plays a role in weight management, which can prevent obesity-related conditions like heart disease.
Concluding Sentence: Thus, exercise helps prevent disease.

V. Conclusion

Restate Thesis: The health advantages of regular exercise span from mental health to disease prevention.
Summary: It’s good for the brain, the body, and the heart.
Final Thought: With the knowledge of these benefits, don’t you think everyone should be incorporating regular exercise into one’s routine?

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5 Paragraph Essay Example

The Power of Reading Books

Books have changed so much throughout history: from tablets and scrolls to paperbacks and now digital files that one can read on a screen, books have existed in many different forms. But one thing they have always been able to do is attract the attention of readers and having staying power. There is something magical about books that allows them to transcend both time and space. They are more than mere physical or digital objects, more than ancient collectibles, more than artifacts: they are repositories of human experiences, knowledge, and wisdom. Books are windows onto other worlds, windows onto other minds, windows onto other lives, windows onto new expanses. They are a way to grow, to challenge our preconceptions, redefine our boundaries, and introduce us to unfamiliar territories. Sure, they can be for leisure, but they can also be for our edification, our education, our self-improvement. Reading books can improve our cognitive abilities, enrich our lives, deepen our emotional depth, and fire up our creative engines.

Body Paragraph 1: Enriching the Mind

Reading enriches the mind, first of all. It is not a passive exercise like watching TV. Rather, it engages the cognitive functions of comprehension, visualization, and critical thinking, and forces them to work. It gets the mind to imagine, flex, think through problems, and reflect on information. Reading is like taking your brain to the gym. That is why readers develop good brain muscle and often have a well-rounded view of things that makes them more informed and open-minded than those who do not read.

Body Paragraph 2: Boosting Emotional Intelligence

Reading books also has a profound impact on our emotions. The world of literature, in particular, is a great way to understand in human emotions and relationships. Literature exposes readers to the innermost thoughts and feelings of characters, and gives insights into the human soul—insights that can enhance one’s emotional intelligence. Readers of literature can learn to discern subtle emotional cues, appreciate different perspectives, and develop a heightened sense of compassion.

Body Paragraph 3: Fostering Creativity

Reading is also a great way to kindle the imagination. All books offer a spark, and the imagination gets to work growing that spark into a flame that feeds on the wood one’s imagination brings. The imagination has the material; the book brings the fuel and fire. Reading helps the imagination play. This creative stimulation carries over into other aspects of the reader’s life, too. It can inspire artistic endeavors, be the impetus for pioneering innovations, and even lead to revolutionary ideas that reshape reality.

In this age of fleeting interactions, where instant gratification often supersedes depth, books stand apart as pathways to profound engagement. Their enduring charm lies not just in the tales they tell but in the growth they offer. Books are tools for the active participation of the mind and spirit. They enhance our imagination, our emotional development, and our creative impetus. To read is to grow. To read well is to become strong. Don’t you want to get reading now?

Explanation: An Analysis of the Essay

Introduction: The essay commences by grounding the reader in history and showing that books have always been with us. This nod to the past sets the stage for the essay’s relevance in contemporary times. The introduction’s effectiveness lies in its ability to highlight books’ timeless value. The thesis also does more than introduce the main points; it acts as a roadmap, signposting the points that will be covered in the essay.
Body Paragraph 1: The first body paragraph focuses on the intellectual nourishment derived from reading. It describes the way books facilitate mental growth. Its main point is that reading is good for the brain.
Body Paragraph 2: The second paragraph transitions from the cerebral to the emotional. It explains why books are good for the emotions. It pays special attention to the fact that books offer windows onto what it means to be human, to feel, and to think. It suggests that reading literature is a great way to become emotionally educated—that books are good for nurturing empathy and providing emotional understanding.
Body Paragraph 3: The third paragraph of the body is basically a tribute to the imaginative power that is fostered by reading books. It focuses on how reading is like a spark for the imagination’s fire. It connects reading to other activities, like innovating and creating works of art. It makes the case that there is a link between reading books and engaging more directly in the real world in a positive way.
Conclusion: In its conclusion, the essay gives a thoughtful reflection, restates the main theme, goes over the main points again, and also gives a sense of why books have lasted so long. It leaves the reader with something to think about—namely that reading books actually makes you strong and helps you to grow as a person. It essentially leaves one with what is essentially a call to action.

The entire essay guides the reader, starting with the macro view in the introduction to the subtle and detailed examination of the finer points in the body. Each paragraph flows seamlessly into the next. The essay follows a clear structure, and presents each idea in a logical progression from introduction to conclusion.

5-Paragraph Essay FAQs

How many words should a 5-paragraph essay be.

The length of a 5-paragraph essay can vary depending on the purpose and complexity of the topic, as well as the intended audience. However, a typical 5-paragraph essay ranges from 250 to 500 words. Here’s a breakdown:

Introduction: 50-100 words. This includes a brief introduction to the topic and the thesis statement.
Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph can range from 50 to 100 words. So, for three body paragraphs, you’re looking at 150-300 words in total. Each paragraph should introduce its main idea, provide supporting evidence or details, and possibly offer a transition to the next paragraph.
Conclusion: 50-100 words. Summarize the main points and restate the thesis in a slightly different way.

Remember, these are just general guidelines. Depending on the depth of your analysis or the specific requirements of an assignment, your essay might be shorter or longer. The key is to ensure that you fully address your topic and support your thesis in a concise and organized manner.

Where is the thesis stated in a 5-paragraph essay?

In a standard 5-paragraph essay, the thesis is typically stated at the end of the introduction paragraph. It serves as a roadmap for the reader, providing a clear statement of the main argument or point you’ll be making in the essay. This positioning at the beginning of the essay allows readers to understand the central premise from the outset, setting the stage for the supporting details and arguments that follow in the body paragraphs.

Can I include quotes or citations in a 5-paragraph essay?

Absolutely! Including quotes, citations, or references can strengthen your arguments and provide evidence for the claims you make. If you’re writing an analytical or argumentative essay, it’s especially important to back up your points with credible sources. When incorporating quotes or data, make sure to properly cite them according to the style guide you’re following (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). However, make sure your essay doesn’t become overly reliant on quotes; your original analysis and voice should remain central.

Can a 5-paragraph essay have a title?

Yes, a 5-paragraph essay can—and often should—have a title. A well-chosen title can capture the essence of your essay, intrigue the reader, and set the tone for your content. It should be relevant to your topic and thesis, but it can also be creative or thought-provoking. If you’re writing an essay for a class assignment, make sure to check if there are any specific guidelines regarding titles.

Do I always have to stick to the 5-paragraph format?

Not necessarily. The 5-paragraph essay is a foundational structure to help novice writers organize their thoughts. However, as you advance in your writing skills or tackle more complex topics, you might find that you need more (or fewer) than three body paragraphs to adequately address your subject. The key is to make certain that each paragraph has a clear purpose and supports your overall thesis. Always prioritize clarity, coherence, and depth of analysis over strict adherence to a set number of paragraphs.

How do I choose a topic for my 5-paragraph essay?

Choosing a topic depends on the purpose of the essay. If it’s for a class assignment, you might be given a prompt or a list of topics to select from. If you have the freedom to choose, pick a subject you’re passionate about or interested in. A good topic is neither too broad (which would be hard to cover in a short essay) nor too narrow (which might not give you enough to write about). Brainstorm a list, do some preliminary research, think about what you know, and choose a topic that you believe you can present compelling arguments or insights about.

How do I transition between paragraphs?

Smooth transitions help guide your readers through your essay and enhance its flow. You can use transitional words or phrases at the beginning of your body paragraphs to introduce the main idea and show its relation to the previous paragraph. Common transitional words include “furthermore,” “however,” “in addition,” “for instance,” and “on the other hand.” Additionally, you can subtly link paragraphs by referring back to a point made in the previous paragraph or hinting at what’s to come.

How important is the conclusion in a 5-paragraph essay?

The conclusion is vital. It provides closure and reinforces your main points. A strong conclusion doesn’t just repeat what’s been said but offers a departing thought based on the content. It leaves the reader with a lasting impression or something to consider. But at the same time, it is not the place for introducing entirely new ideas or topics; instead, focus on wrapping up and reinforcing your essay’s central argument.