how to write a thesis essay conclusion

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How to write an excellent thesis conclusion [with examples]

Restate the thesis

Review or reiterate key points of your work, explain why your work is relevant, a take-away for the reader, more resources on writing thesis conclusions, frequently asked questions about writing an excellent thesis conclusion, related articles.

At this point in your writing, you have most likely finished your introduction and the body of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper . While this is a reason to celebrate, you should not underestimate the importance of your conclusion. The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable.

A good conclusion will review the key points of the thesis and explain to the reader why the information is relevant, applicable, or related to the world as a whole. Make sure to dedicate enough of your writing time to the conclusion and do not put it off until the very last minute.

This article provides an effective technique for writing a conclusion adapted from Erika Eby’s The College Student's Guide to Writing a Good Research Paper: 101 Easy Tips & Tricks to Make Your Work Stand Out .

While the thesis introduction starts out with broad statements about the topic, and then narrows it down to the thesis statement , a thesis conclusion does the same in the opposite order.

• Restate the thesis.
• Review or reiterate key points of your work.
• Explain why your work is relevant.
• Include a core take-away message for the reader.

Tip: Don’t just copy and paste your thesis into your conclusion. Restate it in different words.

The best way to start a conclusion is simply by restating the thesis statement. That does not mean just copying and pasting it from the introduction, but putting it into different words.

You will need to change the structure and wording of it to avoid sounding repetitive. Also, be firm in your conclusion just as you were in the introduction. Try to avoid sounding apologetic by using phrases like "This paper has tried to show..."

The conclusion should address all the same parts as the thesis while making it clear that the reader has reached the end. You are telling the reader that your research is finished and what your findings are.

I have argued throughout this work that the point of critical mass for biopolitical immunity occurred during the Romantic period because of that era's unique combination of post-revolutionary politics and innovations in smallpox prevention. In particular, I demonstrated that the French Revolution and the discovery of vaccination in the 1790s triggered a reconsideration of the relationship between bodies and the state.

Tip: Try to reiterate points from your introduction in your thesis conclusion.

The next step is to review the main points of the thesis as a whole. Look back at the body of of your project and make a note of the key ideas. You can reword these ideas the same way you reworded your thesis statement and then incorporate that into the conclusion.

You can also repeat striking quotations or statistics, but do not use more than two. As the conclusion represents your own closing thoughts on the topic , it should mainly consist of your own words.

In addition, conclusions can contain recommendations to the reader or relevant questions that further the thesis. You should ask yourself:

• What you would ideally like to see your readers do in reaction to your paper?
• Do you want them to take a certain action or investigate further?
• Is there a bigger issue that your paper wants to draw attention to?

Also, try to reference your introduction in your conclusion. You have already taken a first step by restating your thesis. Now, check whether there are other key words, phrases or ideas that are mentioned in your introduction that fit into your conclusion. Connecting the introduction to the conclusion in this way will help readers feel satisfied.

I explored how Mary Wollstonecraft, in both her fiction and political writings, envisions an ideal medico-political state, and how other writers like William Wordsworth and Mary Shelley increasingly imagined the body politic literally, as an incorporated political collective made up of bodies whose immunity to political and medical ills was essential to a healthy state.

Tip: Make sure to explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research.

Although you can encourage readers to question their opinions and reflect on your topic, do not leave loose ends. You should provide a sense of resolution and make sure your conclusion wraps up your argument. Make sure you explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research and how your research intervenes within, or substantially revises, existing scholarly debates.

This project challenged conventional ideas about the relationship among Romanticism, medicine, and politics by reading the unfolding of Romantic literature and biopolitical immunity as mutual, co-productive processes. In doing so, this thesis revises the ways in which biopolitics has been theorized by insisting on the inherent connections between Romantic literature and the forms of biopower that characterize early modernity.

Tip: If you began your thesis with an anecdote or historical example, you may want to return to that in your conclusion.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as:

• a call to action
• a recommendation
• a gesture towards future research
• a brief explanation of how the problem or idea you covered remains relevant

Ultimately, you want readers to feel more informed, or ready to act, as they read your conclusion.

Yet, the Romantic period is only the beginning of modern thought on immunity and biopolitics. Victorian writers, doctors, and politicians upheld the Romantic idea that a "healthy state" was a literal condition that could be achieved by combining politics and medicine, but augmented that idea through legislation and widespread public health measures. While many nineteenth-century efforts to improve citizens' health were successful, the fight against disease ultimately changed course in the twentieth century as global immunological threats such as SARS occupied public consciousness. Indeed, as subsequent public health events make apparent, biopolitical immunity persists as a viable concept for thinking about the relationship between medicine and politics in modernity.

Need more advice? Read our 5 additional tips on how to write a good thesis conclusion.

The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable. To write a great thesis conclusion you should:

The basic content of a conclusion is to review the main points from the paper. This part represents your own closing thoughts on the topic. It should mainly consist of the outcome of the research in your own words.

The length of the conclusion will depend on the length of the whole thesis. Usually, a conclusion should be around 5-7% of the overall word count.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as a question, warning, or call to action. Depending on the topic, you can also end with a recommendation.

In Open Access: Theses and Dissertations you can find thousands of completed works. Take a look at any of the theses or dissertations for real-life examples of conclusions that were already approved.

How To Write The Conclusion Chapter

A Simple Explainer With Examples + Free Template

By: Jenna Crossley (PhD) | Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | September 2021

So, you’ve wrapped up your results and discussion chapters, and you’re finally on the home stretch – the conclusion chapter . In this post, we’ll discuss everything you need to know to craft a high-quality conclusion chapter for your dissertation or thesis project.

Overview: The Conclusion Chapter

• What the thesis/dissertation conclusion chapter is
• What to include in your conclusion
• How to structure and write up your conclusion
• A few tips  to help you ace the chapter
• FREE conclusion template

What is the conclusion chapter?

The conclusion chapter is typically the final major chapter of a dissertation or thesis. As such, it serves as a concluding summary of your research findings and wraps up the document. While some publications such as journal articles and research reports combine the discussion and conclusion sections, these are typically separate chapters in a dissertation or thesis. As always, be sure to check what your university’s structural preference is before you start writing up these chapters.

So, what’s the difference between the discussion and the conclusion chapter?

Well, the two chapters are quite similar , as they both discuss the key findings of the study. However, the conclusion chapter is typically more general and high-level in nature. In your discussion chapter, you’ll typically discuss the intricate details of your study, but in your conclusion chapter, you’ll take a   broader perspective, reporting on the main research outcomes and how these addressed your research aim (or aims) .

A core function of the conclusion chapter is to synthesise all major points covered in your study and to tell the reader what they should take away from your work. Basically, you need to tell them what you found , why it’s valuable , how it can be applied , and what further research can be done.

Whatever you do, don’t just copy and paste what you’ve written in your discussion chapter! The conclusion chapter should not be a simple rehash of the discussion chapter. While the two chapters are similar, they have distinctly different functions.  

What should I include in the conclusion chapter?

To understand what needs to go into your conclusion chapter, it’s useful to understand what the chapter needs to achieve. In general, a good dissertation conclusion chapter should achieve the following:

• Summarise the key findings of the study
• Explicitly answer the research question(s) and address the research aims
• Inform the reader of the study’s main contributions
• Discuss any limitations or weaknesses of the study
• Present recommendations for future research

Therefore, your conclusion chapter needs to cover these core components. Importantly, you need to be careful not to include any new findings or data points. Your conclusion chapter should be based purely on data and analysis findings that you’ve already presented in the earlier chapters. If there’s a new point you want to introduce, you’ll need to go back to your results and discussion chapters to weave the foundation in there.

In many cases, readers will jump from the introduction chapter directly to the conclusions chapter to get a quick overview of the study’s purpose and key findings. Therefore, when you write up your conclusion chapter, it’s useful to assume that the reader hasn’t consumed the inner chapters of your dissertation or thesis. In other words, craft your conclusion chapter such that there’s a strong connection and smooth flow between the introduction and conclusion chapters, even though they’re on opposite ends of your document.

Need a helping hand?

How to write the conclusion chapter

Now that you have a clearer view of what the conclusion chapter is about, let’s break down the structure of this chapter so that you can get writing. Keep in mind that this is merely a typical structure – it’s not set in stone or universal. Some universities will prefer that you cover some of these points in the discussion chapter , or that you cover the points at different levels in different chapters.

Step 1: Craft a brief introduction section

As with all chapters in your dissertation or thesis, the conclusions chapter needs to start with a brief introduction. In this introductory section, you’ll want to tell the reader what they can expect to find in the chapter, and in what order . Here’s an example of what this might look like:

This chapter will conclude the study by summarising the key research findings in relation to the research aims and questions and discussing the value and contribution thereof. It will also review the limitations of the study and propose opportunities for future research.

Importantly, the objective here is just to give the reader a taste of what’s to come (a roadmap of sorts), not a summary of the chapter. So, keep it short and sweet – a paragraph or two should be ample.

Step 2: Discuss the overall findings in relation to the research aims

The next step in writing your conclusions chapter is to discuss the overall findings of your study , as they relate to the research aims and research questions . You would have likely covered similar ground in the discussion chapter, so it’s important to zoom out a little bit here and focus on the broader findings – specifically, how these help address the research aims .

In practical terms, it’s useful to start this section by reminding your reader of your research aims and research questions, so that the findings are well contextualised. In this section, phrases such as, “This study aimed to…” and “the results indicate that…” will likely come in handy. For example, you could say something like the following:

This study aimed to investigate the feeding habits of the naked mole-rat. The results indicate that naked mole rats feed on underground roots and tubers. Further findings show that these creatures eat only a part of the plant, leaving essential parts to ensure long-term food stability.

Be careful not to make overly bold claims here. Avoid claims such as “this study proves that” or “the findings disprove existing the existing theory”. It’s seldom the case that a single study can prove or disprove something. Typically, this is achieved by a broader body of research, not a single study – especially not a dissertation or thesis which will inherently have significant  limitations . We’ll discuss those limitations a little later.

Step 3: Discuss how your study contributes to the field

Next, you’ll need to discuss how your research has contributed to the field – both in terms of theory and practice . This involves talking about what you achieved in your study, highlighting why this is important and valuable, and how it can be used or applied.

In this section you’ll want to:

• Mention any research outputs created as a result of your study (e.g., articles, publications, etc.)
• Inform the reader on just how your research solves your research problem , and why that matters
• Reflect on gaps in the existing research and discuss how your study contributes towards addressing these gaps
• Discuss your study in relation to relevant theories . For example, does it confirm these theories or constructively challenge them?
• Discuss how your research findings can be applied in the real world . For example, what specific actions can practitioners take, based on your findings?

Be careful to strike a careful balance between being firm but humble in your arguments here. It’s unlikely that your one study will fundamentally change paradigms or shake up the discipline, so making claims to this effect will be frowned upon . At the same time though, you need to present your arguments with confidence, firmly asserting the contribution your research has made, however small that contribution may be. Simply put, you need to keep it balanced .

Step 4: Reflect on the limitations of your study

Now that you’ve pumped your research up, the next step is to critically reflect on the limitations and potential shortcomings of your study. You may have already covered this in the discussion chapter, depending on your university’s structural preferences, so be careful not to repeat yourself unnecessarily.

There are many potential limitations that can apply to any given study. Some common ones include:

• Sampling issues that reduce the generalisability of the findings (e.g., non-probability sampling )
• Insufficient sample size (e.g., not getting enough survey responses ) or limited data access
• Low-resolution data collection or analysis techniques
• Researcher bias or lack of experience
• Lack of access to research equipment
• Time constraints that limit the methodology (e.g. cross-sectional vs longitudinal time horizon)
• Budget constraints that limit various aspects of the study

Discussing the limitations of your research may feel self-defeating (no one wants to highlight their weaknesses, right), but it’s a critical component of high-quality research. It’s important to appreciate that all studies have limitations (even well-funded studies by expert researchers) – therefore acknowledging these limitations adds credibility to your research by showing that you understand the limitations of your research design .

That being said, keep an eye on your wording and make sure that you don’t undermine your research . It’s important to strike a balance between recognising the limitations, but also highlighting the value of your research despite those limitations. Show the reader that you understand the limitations, that these were justified given your constraints, and that you know how they can be improved upon – this will get you marks.

Next, you’ll need to make recommendations for future studies. This will largely be built on the limitations you just discussed. For example, if one of your study’s weaknesses was related to a specific data collection or analysis method, you can make a recommendation that future researchers undertake similar research using a more sophisticated method.

Another potential source of future research recommendations is any data points or analysis findings that were interesting or surprising , but not directly related to your study’s research aims and research questions. So, if you observed anything that “stood out” in your analysis, but you didn’t explore it in your discussion (due to a lack of relevance to your research aims), you can earmark that for further exploration in this section.

Essentially, this section is an opportunity to outline how other researchers can build on your study to take the research further and help develop the body of knowledge. So, think carefully about the new questions that your study has raised, and clearly outline these for future researchers to pick up on.

Step 6: Wrap up with a closing summary

Tips for a top-notch conclusion chapter

Now that we’ve covered the what , why and how of the conclusion chapter, here are some quick tips and suggestions to help you craft a rock-solid conclusion.

• Don’t ramble . The conclusion chapter usually consumes 5-7% of the total word count (although this will vary between universities), so you need to be concise. Edit this chapter thoroughly with a focus on brevity and clarity.
• Be very careful about the claims you make in terms of your study’s contribution. Nothing will make the marker’s eyes roll back faster than exaggerated or unfounded claims. Be humble but firm in your claim-making.
• Use clear and simple language that can be easily understood by an intelligent layman. Remember that not every reader will be an expert in your field, so it’s important to make your writing accessible. Bear in mind that no one knows your research better than you do, so it’s important to spell things out clearly for readers.

Hopefully, this post has given you some direction and confidence to take on the conclusion chapter of your dissertation or thesis with confidence. If you’re still feeling a little shaky and need a helping hand, consider booking a free initial consultation with a friendly Grad Coach to discuss how we can help you with hands-on, private coaching.

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

17 Comments

Really you team are doing great!

Your guide on writing the concluding chapter of a research is really informative especially to the beginners who really do not know where to start. Im now ready to start. Keep it up guys

Really your team are doing great!

Very helpful guidelines, timely saved. Thanks so much for the tips.

This post was very helpful and informative. Thank you team.

A very enjoyable, understandable and crisp presentation on how to write a conclusion chapter. I thoroughly enjoyed it. Thanks Jenna.

This was a very helpful article which really gave me practical pointers for my concluding chapter. Keep doing what you are doing! It meant a lot to me to be able to have this guide. Thank you so much.

Nice content dealing with the conclusion chapter, it’s a relief after the streneous task of completing discussion part.Thanks for valuable guidance

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Thank you very much for this piece. It offers a very helpful starting point in writing the conclusion chapter of my thesis.

It’s awesome! Most useful and timely too. Thanks a million times

Bundle of thanks for your guidance. It was greatly helpful.

Wonderful, clear, practical guidance. So grateful to read this as I conclude my research. Thank you.

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So much is at stake in writing a conclusion. This is, after all, your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay.

The end of an essay should therefore convey a sense of completeness and closure as well as a sense of the lingering possibilities of the topic, its larger meaning, its implications: the final paragraph should close the discussion without closing it off.

To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning.
• Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama.
• Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.

To close the discussion without closing it off, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude with a quotation from or reference to a primary or secondary source, one that amplifies your main point or puts it in a different perspective. A quotation from, say, the novel or poem you're writing about can add texture and specificity to your discussion; a critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. For example, you might conclude an essay on the idea of home in James Joyce's short story collection,  Dubliners , with information about Joyce's own complex feelings towards Dublin, his home. Or you might end with a biographer's statement about Joyce's attitude toward Dublin, which could illuminate his characters' responses to the city. Just be cautious, especially about using secondary material: make sure that you get the last word.
• Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. For example, you might end an essay on nineteenth-century muckraking journalism by linking it to a current news magazine program like  60 Minutes .
• Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. For example, an essay on Marx's treatment of the conflict between wage labor and capital might begin with Marx's claim that the "capitalist economy is . . . a gigantic enterprise of dehumanization "; the essay might end by suggesting that Marxist analysis is itself dehumanizing because it construes everything in economic -- rather than moral or ethical-- terms.
• Conclude by considering the implications of your argument (or analysis or discussion). What does your argument imply, or involve, or suggest? For example, an essay on the novel  Ambiguous Adventure , by the Senegalese writer Cheikh Hamidou Kane, might open with the idea that the protagonist's development suggests Kane's belief in the need to integrate Western materialism and Sufi spirituality in modern Senegal. The conclusion might make the new but related point that the novel on the whole suggests that such an integration is (or isn't) possible.

Finally, some advice on how not to end an essay:

• Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long--more than ten pages or so. But shorter essays tend not to require a restatement of your main ideas.
• Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." These phrases can be useful--even welcome--in oral presentations. But readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the pages, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your audience if you belabor the obvious.
• Resist the urge to apologize. If you've immersed yourself in your subject, you now know a good deal more about it than you can possibly include in a five- or ten- or 20-page essay. As a result, by the time you've finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you've produced. (And if you haven't immersed yourself in your subject, you may be feeling even more doubtful about your essay as you approach the conclusion.) Repress those doubts. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches. . ."

Copyright 1998, Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University

Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

• Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
• Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
• Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
• Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
• Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

• The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
• The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
• The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
• The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to Conclude an Essay (with Examples)

Last Updated: July 22, 2024 Fact Checked

Writing a Strong Conclusion

What to avoid, brainstorming tricks.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams and by wikiHow staff writer, Aly Rusciano . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,217,975 times.

So, you’ve written an outstanding essay and couldn’t be more proud. But now you have to write the final paragraph. The conclusion simply summarizes what you’ve already written, right? Well, not exactly. Your essay’s conclusion should be a bit more finessed than that. Luckily, you’ve come to the perfect place to learn how to write a conclusion. We’ve put together this guide to fill you in on everything you should and shouldn’t do when ending an essay. Follow our advice, and you’ll have a stellar conclusion worthy of an A+ in no time.

Tips for Ending an Essay

• Rephrase your thesis to include in your final paragraph to bring the essay full circle.
• End your essay with a call to action, warning, or image to make your argument meaningful.
• Keep your conclusion concise and to the point, so you don’t lose a reader’s attention.
• Do your best to avoid adding new information to your conclusion and only emphasize points you’ve already made in your essay.

• “All in all”
• “Ultimately”
• “Furthermore”
• “As a consequence”
• “As a result”

• Make sure to write your main points in a new and unique way to avoid repetition.

• Let’s say this is your original thesis statement: “Allowing students to visit the library during lunch improves campus life and supports academic achievement.”
• Restating your thesis for your conclusion could look like this: “Evidence shows students who have access to their school’s library during lunch check out more books and are more likely to complete their homework.”
• The restated thesis has the same sentiment as the original while also summarizing other points of the essay.

• “When you use plastic water bottles, you pollute the ocean. Switch to using a glass or metal water bottle instead. The planet and sea turtles will thank you.”
• “The average person spends roughly 7 hours on their phone a day, so there’s no wonder cybersickness is plaguing all generations.”
• “Imagine walking on the beach, except the soft sand is made up of cigarette butts. They burn your feet but keep washing in with the tide. If we don’t clean up the ocean, this will be our reality.”
• “ Lost is not only a show that changed the course of television, but it’s also a reflection of humanity as a whole.”
• “If action isn’t taken to end climate change today, the global temperature will dangerously rise from 4.5 to 8 °F (−15.3 to −13.3 °C) by 2100.”

• Focus on your essay's most prevalent or important parts. What key points do you want readers to take away or remember about your essay?

• For instance, instead of writing, “That’s why I think that Abraham Lincoln was the best American President,” write, “That’s why Abraham Lincoln was the best American President.”
• There’s no room for ifs, ands, or buts—your opinion matters and doesn’t need to be apologized for!

• For instance, words like “firstly,” “secondly,” and “thirdly” may be great transition statements for body paragraphs but are unnecessary in a conclusion.

• For instance, say you began your essay with the idea that humanity’s small sense of sense stems from space’s vast size. Try returning to this idea in the conclusion by emphasizing that as human knowledge grows, space becomes smaller.

• For example, you could extend an essay on the television show Orange is the New Black by bringing up the culture of imprisonment in America.

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• Always review your essay after writing it for proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and don’t be afraid to revise. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://www.uts.edu.au/current-students/support/helps/self-help-resources/grammar/transition-signals
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/argument_papers/conclusions.html
• ↑ http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/conclude.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions
• ↑ https://www.pittsfordschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=542&dataid=4677&FileName=conclusions1.pdf
• ↑ https://www.cuyamaca.edu/student-support/tutoring-center/files/student-resources/how-to-write-a-good-conclusion.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185935

About This Article

To end an essay, start your conclusion with a phrase that makes it clear your essay is coming to a close, like "In summary," or "All things considered." Then, use a few sentences to briefly summarize the main points of your essay by rephrasing the topic sentences of your body paragraphs. Finally, end your conclusion with a call to action that encourages your readers to do something or learn more about your topic. In general, try to keep your conclusion between 5 and 7 sentences long. For more tips from our English co-author, like how to avoid common pitfalls when writing an essay conclusion, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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17 Essay Conclusion Examples (Copy and Paste)

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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Essay conclusions are not just extra filler. They are important because they tie together your arguments, then give you the chance to forcefully drive your point home.

I created the 5 Cs conclusion method to help you write essay conclusions:

I’ve previously produced the video below on how to write a conclusion that goes over the above image.

The video follows the 5 C’s method ( you can read about it in this post ), which doesn’t perfectly match each of the below copy-and-paste conclusion examples, but the principles are similar, and can help you to write your own strong conclusion:

💡 New! Try this AI Prompt to Generate a Sample 5Cs Conclusion This is my essay: [INSERT ESSAY WITHOUT THE CONCLUSION]. I want you to write a conclusion for this essay. In the first sentence of the conclusion, return to a statement I made in the introduction. In the second sentence, reiterate the thesis statement I have used. In the third sentence, clarify how my final position is relevant to the Essay Question, which is [ESSAY QUESTION]. In the fourth sentence, explain who should be interested in my findings. In the fifth sentence, end by noting in one final, engaging sentence why this topic is of such importance.

Remember: The prompt can help you generate samples but you can’t submit AI text for assessment. Make sure you write your conclusion in your own words.

Essay Conclusion Examples

Below is a range of copy-and-paste essay conclusions with gaps for you to fill-in your topic and key arguments. Browse through for one you like (there are 17 for argumentative, expository, compare and contrast, and critical essays). Once you’ve found one you like, copy it and add-in the key points to make it your own.

1. Argumentative Essay Conclusions

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of _____________. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as ____________, it remains clear that the benefits/merits of _____________ far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support _____________. In the coming years, _____________ will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for _____________.

Version 1 Filled-In

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of fighting climate change. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as the claim that it is too late to stop catastrophic change, it remains clear that the merits of taking drastic action far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support the claim that we can at least mitigate the worst effects. In the coming years, intergovernmental worldwide agreements will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for humankind.

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding _____________ is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that _____________, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that _____________. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that _____________ not only leads to ____________, but it may also be a necessity for _____________. Moving forward, _____________ should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for _____________. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate _____________ more effectively into society.

Version 2 Filled-In

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding climate change is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that we should fight climate change, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that action can mitigate the worst effects. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that strong action not only leads to better economic outcomes in the long term, but it may also be a necessity for preventing climate-related deaths. Moving forward, carbon emission mitigation should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for all. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate smart climate policies more effectively into society.

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that _____________ holds the potential to significantly alter/improve _____________. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for _____________. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that _____________ presents the most effective solution/approach to _____________. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of _____________ for developing a better  _____________. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including _____________.

Version 3 Filled-In

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that addressing climate change holds the potential to significantly improve the future of society. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for immediate climate action. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that widespread and urgent social action presents the most effective solution to this pressing problem. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of taking immediate action for developing a better environment for future generations. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including more extreme climate events and greater economic externalities.

See Also: Examples of Counterarguments

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for _____________. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that _____________. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that _____________ is the most sufficient option for  _____________. The implications of embracing _____________ do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more _____________. Therefore, the solution of _____________ should be actively pursued by _____________.

Version 4 Filled-In

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for immediate tax-based action to mitigate the effects of climate change. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that action is urgently necessary. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that taking societal-wide action is the most sufficient option for  achieving the best results. The implications of embracing a society-wide approach like a carbon tax do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more healthy future. Therefore, the solution of a carbon tax or equivalent policy should be actively pursued by governments.

2. Expository Essay Conclusions

Overall, it is evident that _____________ plays a crucial role in _____________. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of _____________ on _____________. By understanding the key facts about _____________, practitioners/society are better equipped to navigate _____________. Moving forward, further exploration of _____________ will yield additional insights and information about _____________. As such, _____________ should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on _____________.

Overall, it is evident that social media plays a crucial role in harming teenagers’ mental health. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of social media on young people. By understanding the key facts about the ways social media cause young people to experience body dysmorphia, teachers and parents are better equipped to help young people navigate online spaces. Moving forward, further exploration of the ways social media cause harm will yield additional insights and information about how it can be more sufficiently regulated. As such, the effects of social media on youth should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on youth mental health.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of _____________. Through a careful examination of _____________, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on _____________. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that _____________. As research continues to emerge, the importance of _____________ will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of _____________ is not merely desirable, but imperative for _____________.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of globalization. Through a careful examination of globalization, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on the economy, cultures, and society. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that globalization has both positive and negative effects. As research continues to emerge, the importance of studying globalization will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of globalization’s effects is not merely desirable, but imperative for judging whether it is good or bad.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that _____________ serves a pivotal role in _____________. By delving into the intricacies of _____________, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in _____________. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on _____________. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of _____________ can only deepen and expand.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that mass media serves a pivotal role in shaping public opinion. By delving into the intricacies of mass media, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in shaping the media landscape. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on how mass media impacts society. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of mass media’s impacts can only deepen and expand.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of _____________ in the context of _____________. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect _____________ has on _____________. The knowledge gained from exploring _____________ will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in _____________. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding _____________ will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of _____________ to better navigate and influence _____________.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of bedside manner in the context of nursing. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect compassionate bedside manner has on patient outcome. The knowledge gained from exploring nurses’ bedside manner will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in nursing practice. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding nurses’ bedside manner will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of this topic to better navigate and influence patient outcomes.

See More: How to Write an Expository Essay

3. Compare and Contrast Essay Conclusion

While both _____________ and _____________ have similarities such as _____________, they also have some very important differences in areas like _____________. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of _____________ and _____________ has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on _____________. For example, as highlighted in the essay, ____________. Despite their differences, both _____________ and _____________ have value in different situations.

While both macrosociology and microsociology have similarities such as their foci on how society is structured, they also have some very important differences in areas like their differing approaches to research methodologies. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of macrosociology and microsociology has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on the researcher’s perspective on how society works. For example, as highlighted in the essay, microsociology is much more concerned with individuals’ experiences while macrosociology is more concerned with social structures. Despite their differences, both macrosociology and microsociology have value in different situations.

It is clear that _____________ and _____________, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in _____________. On the other hand, their contrasts in _____________ shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to _____________. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to _____________.

It is clear that behaviorism and consructivism, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in their foci on knowledge acquisition over time. On the other hand, their contrasts in ideas about the role of experience in learning shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to which approach works best in which situation. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to student education.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that _____________ and _____________ share similarities such as _____________, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in _____________. The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as _____________. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both _____________ and _____________ play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to _____________.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that red and orange share similarities such as the fact they are both ‘hot colors’, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in their social meaning (red meaning danger and orange warmth). The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as personal taste. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both red and orange play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to color theory.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of _____________ and _____________ have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as _____________ give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, _____________ will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both _____________ and _____________ hold significant value within the context of _____________, and each contributes to _____________ in its own unique way.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of driving and flying have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as their differing speed to destination give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, urgency to arrive at the destination will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both driving and flying hold significant value within the context of air transit, and each contributes to facilitating movement in its own unique way.

See Here for More Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

4. Critical Essay Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of _____________ has unveiled critical aspects related to _____________. While there are strengths in _____________, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on _____________, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of _____________ should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

In conclusion, the analysis of flow theory has unveiled critical aspects related to motivation and focus. While there are strengths in achieving a flow state, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on how humans achieve motivation, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of flow theory of motivation should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

To conclude, this critical examination of _____________ sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While _____________ presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of _____________. Therefore, future engagements with _____________ should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

To conclude, this critical examination of postmodern art sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While postmodernism presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of how it has contributed to the arts over the past 50 years. Therefore, future engagements with postmodern art should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

Upon reflection, the critique of _____________ uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as ________, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of _____________, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of _____________ should be taken into account when considering ____________.

Upon reflection, the critique of marxism uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as its ability to critique exploitation of labor, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of marxism’s harmful effects when used as an economic theory, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of marxism should be taken into account when considering the use of its ideas in real life.

Ultimately, this critique of _____________ offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of _____________ such as __________ are significant, yet its limitations such as _________ are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of _____________ but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around _____________ continue to embrace this balanced approach.

Ultimately, this critique of artificial intelligence offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of artificial intelligence, such as its ability to improve productivity are significant, yet its limitations such as the possibility of mass job losses are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around the regulation of artificial intelligence continue to embrace this balanced approach.

This article promised 17 essay conclusions, and this one you are reading now is the twenty-first. This last conclusion demonstrates that the very best essay conclusions are written uniquely, from scratch, in order to perfectly cater the conclusion to the topic. A good conclusion will tie together all the key points you made in your essay and forcefully drive home the importance or relevance of your argument, thesis statement, or simply your topic so the reader is left with one strong final point to ponder.

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 25 Number Games for Kids (Free and Easy)
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• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 50 Incentives to Give to Students

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How To Write a Thesis Conclusion – Example & Tips

A thesis conclusion is the last and the most crucial section of your thesis or dissertation. It is the summary of the dissertation. Put it this way: the conclusion paragraph is your entire dissertation wrapped in a few paragraphs. But, concluding a thesis is never easy for many people. Therefore, what is the best way for concluding a thesis or dissertation?

In this post, we will take a closer look at the dissertation conclusion to help you understand how to write a winning conclusion for a research paper as well as a thesis. We will narrow it down further to outline the best structure of a conclusion.

What is the Importance of the Conclusion Paragraph?

Discussion vs conclusion, what is the best format for writing a conclusion, get a sigh of relief concluding thesis.

Before digging deeper into the mechanics of how to write a conclusion for a research paper or thesis, you need to ask yourself the question: “Why is it important?”

Your dissertation conclusion is the last part that you work on after completing the research and the write-up. No matter the area of study you are focusing on, the conclusion can help you to achieve the following goals:

• Answering the research questions that you posed in the first chapter of the dissertation.
• The conclusion paragraph is the part where you reflect on the dissertation.
• In the conclusion, you draw the recommendations for additional studies in areas where you found gaps.
• When writing a dissertation conclusion, you demonstrate what new knowledge you are contributing to the field.

Note that just like the rest of the dissertation, you should not shy from asking your supervisor for a great dissertation conclusion example, especially from past students. This is very important because your department might have a preferred format for writing dissertation conclusions. You can also get a perfect example of a conclusion in the thesis as you research your topic.

When designing a conclusion format, it is important to differentiate it from the results and discussion parts of the thesis. This will help you to strike the perfect flow and win the readers’ affection.

The dissertation results chapter outlines the findings you generated from the research. You should use tables and graphs to demonstrate the findings of the study. The results chapter comes before the discussion.

In the discussion section, you delve deeper into the results you have just presented. You are simply deciphering the findings in line with your research questions. It is the discussion that will set the stage for approving or disproving the thesis statement that you outlined in the first chapter.

NOTE: In some colleges, the results and discussions are put together into one chapter. Therefore, it is very important to follow your college’s recommendation.

While the results and discussions focus more on the results, the conclusion wraps up the entire dissertation. If your dissertation ends at the discussion part, the reader will be left hanging. But writing the conclusion makes the dissertation feel complete and authentic.

As you think about how to write a conclusion, there is one question you need to get right: “How long should a conclusion be?” If you are writing a conclusion for a standard research paper or short thesis, one to three paragraphs should suffice. To put it in percentage, the conclusion should be about 5% of the overall word count. Therefore, you should start by establishing “how long should a thesis be”.

In most cases, the conclusion for empirical scientific research is generally short while that of humanities dissertations is longer. Here is the best format for how to end a research paper or thesis.

• Start by answering the thesis question: Your conclusion should commence by restating the main thesis question that you anticipate answering. Finally, you have the opportunity to answer the question. Ensure the answer is clear and concise.
• Reflect on the research that you have just finished: After stating the study question, you need to remind the marker or readers why the study was important. Why did you set off on the journey, what was the anticipation, and did the results confirm the expectation? Give an overview of steps that were used during the research and construction of your argument.

At this point, you might be wondering – do I summarize every chapter? The answer is ‘no.’ Instead, you should write more reflectively and answer whether the methodology used was effective in answering the study questions. Make sure also to mention the limitations you experienced during the study.

• Outline recommendations: Although you might have noted the areas that need further research when discussing results, the conclusion is a perfect place to elaborate. Its recommendations interweave well with personal reflections. Try to make recommendations specific. Here are some examples of how to frame recommendations:

Further studies are needed to establish the implications of …. From the conclusion, sociology researchers should consider ….. To understand the effects of the findings, further research can help to ….

• What was your contribution? This part of the conclusion is used to answer the question: “So what?” It provides the right impression of how the thesis contributed to the researcher’s field of study. To achieve this, you can use the following strategies:

Revisit the study problem statement and explain how the thesis helped to solve it. Refer to the study’s literature review to demonstrate how the dissertation has helped to fill the existing gap. If your dissertation is in humanities, you can demonstrate how the findings challenged or confirmed the current viewpoints, assumptions, or theories.

Note that the conclusion should not appear as a stand-alone chapter in the dissertation. Rather, it should articulately interweave with the rest of the paper. To perfect your skills, make sure to also check top conclusion paragraph examples from other students.

From this post on how to write a conclusion paragraph, there is no doubt that you should find it an easy and enjoyable process. After working so hard to complete the dissertation, the conclusion paragraph is simply aimed at wrapping everything up. To get the best conclusions, you should also read top-rated conclusion paragraph examples to see how experts do it. But we must agree that even with this simplified demonstration, crafting the perfect conclusion paragraph is no easy task. It takes time and practice.

There are times when students, even after working on the biggest chunk of their dissertations, feel inadequate to write the conclusions. Often, the process can be complicated when you are required to follow specific models such as MLA or APA conclusions. Even if you have the best conclusion examples and working hard to hone your writing skills, a tight deadline or other engagements might make it hard to craft the best. If you feel inadequate about writing a Harvard or MLA format conclusion because of any reason, do not hesitate to seek writing help.

Writing help is offered by expert writers who understand the structure of Ph.D. conclusion chapters to guarantee you the best grades. No matter your area of study, the experts are cheap and will get you the best. In addition to helping you write the conclusion, they can also provide you with the best sample of a conclusion paragraph for practice. What a great way to sharpen your skills in dissertation writing?

Do not let writing a thesis conclusion stress you: Use this post to make it fun!

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Learn about the elements of a successful essay conclusion.

The conclusion is a very important part of your essay. Although it is sometimes treated as a roundup of all of the bits that didn’t fit into the paper earlier, it deserves better treatment than that! It's the last thing the reader will see, so it tends to stick in the reader's memory. It's also a great place to remind the reader exactly why your topic is important. A conclusion is more than just "the last paragraph"—it's a working part of the paper. This is the place to push your reader to think about the consequences of your topic for the wider world or for the reader's own life!

A good conclusion should do a few things:

Restate your thesis

Synthesize or summarize your major points

Make the context of your argument clear

Restating Your Thesis

You've already spent time and energy crafting a solid thesis statement for your introduction, and if you've done your job right, your whole paper focuses on that thesis statement. That's why it's so important to address the thesis in your conclusion! Many writers choose to begin the conclusion by restating the thesis, but you can put your thesis into the conclusion anywhere—the first sentence of the paragraph, the last sentence, or in between. Here are a few tips for rephrasing your thesis:

Remind the reader that you've proven this thesis over the course of your paper. For example, if you're arguing that your readers should get their pets from animal shelters rather than pet stores, you might say, "If you were considering that puppy in the pet-shop window, remember that your purchase will support 'puppy mills' instead of rescuing a needy dog, and consider selecting your new friend at your local animal shelter." This example gives the reader not only the thesis of the paper, but a reminder of the most powerful point in the argument!

Revise the thesis statement so that it reflects the relationship you've developed with the reader during the paper. For example, if you've written a paper that targets parents of young children, you can find a way to phrase your thesis to capitalize on that—maybe by beginning your thesis statement with, "As a parent of a young child…"

Don’t repeat your thesis word for word—make sure that your new statement is an independent, fresh sentence!

Summary or Synthesis

This section of the conclusion might come before the thesis statement or after it. Your conclusion should remind the reader of what your paper actually says! The best conclusion will include a synthesis, not just a summary—instead of a mere list of your major points, the best conclusion will draw those points together and relate them to one another so that your reader can apply the information given in the essay. Here are a couple of ways to do that:

Give a list of the major arguments for your thesis (usually, these are the topic sentences of the parts of your essay).

Explain how these parts are connected. For example, in the animal-shelter essay, you might point out that adopting a shelter dog helps more animals because your adoption fee supports the shelter, which makes your choice more socially responsible.

One of the most important functions of the conclusion is to provide context for your argument. Your reader may finish your essay without a problem and understand your argument without understanding why that argument is important. Your introduction might point out the reason your topic matters, but your conclusion should also tackle this questions. Here are some strategies for making your reader see why the topic is important:

Tell the reader what you want him or her to do. Is your essay a call to action? If so, remind the reader of what he/she should do. If not, remember that asking the reader to think a certain way is an action in itself. (In the above examples, the essay asks the reader to adopt a shelter dog—a specific action.)

Explain why this topic is timely or important. For example, the animal-shelter essay might end with a statistic about the number of pets in shelters waiting for adoption.

Remind the readers of why the topic matters to them personally. For example, it doesn’t matter much if you believe in the mission of animal shelters, if you're not planning to get a dog; however, once you're looking for a dog, it is much more important. The conclusion of this essay might say, "Since you’re in the market for a dog, you have a major decision to make: where to get one." This will remind the reader that the argument is personally important!

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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Need editing and proofreading services, how to write a dissertation & thesis conclusion (+ examples).

• Tags: Academic Writing , Language , Writing Tips

Want to create a strong, impactful conclusion? Explore how to create a dissertation and thesis conclusion in 5 simple steps! To help you understand better, we’ve also included useful dissertation and thesis conclusion examples! 

Whether you want to write a conclusion for an empirical or humanities paper, this article will help. So without delay, let’s understand how to create the best conclusion! 

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Firstly, let’s know more about the appropriate length of a dissertation and thesis conclusion. 

What is the length of a conclusion? 

Depending on the complexity of your research and document length, the length will differ. The thesis or dissertation conclusion should be 5-7% of your paper’s overall word count. For example, if your thesis is 30,000 words, the conclusion can be 1,500-2100 words. 

The conclusion for empirical or scientific theses or dissertations is often brief. It summarizes the main findings, interprets the research, and discusses the main implications in a few words. In contrast, the thesis or dissertation conclusion for humanities subjects is longer and more reflective. 

Now let’s see how to write a conclusion for a thesis/ dissertation in 5 steps! 

How to write a dissertation and thesis conclusion 

1. remind readers of the research purpose .

For an empirical paper, start your conclusion by revisiting your research question or hypotheses stated earlier in your research. This reminds readers of your study’s main focus and sets the stage for findings. Following is an example: 

“This study aimed to investigate the relationship between employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the healthcare industry.” 

In comparison, while writing the conclusion for a humanities paper, reflect on the research journey. You can also consider the key themes , ideas, arguments, and questions that have guided your research. Here is an example: 

“Throughout this thesis, the concept of identity formation in postcolonial literature has been explored, focusing on the works of Chinua Achebe and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The central argument claimed that these authors utilize their narratives to challenge Western hegemonic discourses and assert the agency of African identities.” 

2. Summarize main insights 

For an empirical paper, summarize your main results and findings concisely. This section should highlight the most significant research outcomes and how they relate to your research questions, hypotheses or research methodology . Here is an example: 

“The results of this study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction, along with factors such as work-life balance and leadership support, accounted for 65% of the variance in organizational commitment scores.” 

On the other hand, if it’s a humanities paper, you can summarize any evidence or examples that support your claims about the research in your conclusion. Here is an example: 

“The analysis of Achebe’s ‘Things Fall Apart’ and Adichie’s ‘Purple Hibiscus’ reveals a common thread of resistance against colonial oppression and the assertion of African identity. Both authors employ narrative techniques that subvert Western stereotypes and provide a nuanced portrayal of African experiences. Through their characters’ journeys, Achebe and Adichie challenge the notion of a singular African identity and highlight the complexities of postcolonial life.”

3. Suggest practical applications, future recommendations, and limitations 

Mention how your research can be practically applied (if relevant) and make suggestions for future research. Explain the broader significance of your findings while writing a dissertation conclusion/thesis conclusion. If there are any limitations, you can add them to this part. Here is an example: 

“The findings have implications for healthcare organizations aiming to improve employee retention and well-being, with potential benefits for patient care and organizational performance. However, the study’s limitations, such as its specific sample size and setting make it difficult to generalize these findings. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of interventions targeting these factors across diverse healthcare contexts and to investigate additional variables that may impact organizational commitment.” 

In contrast, here is another conclusion example for an empirical paper: 

“The comparative analysis of Achebe and Adichie’s works has significant implications for the study of postcolonial literature. By highlighting the diversity of African experiences and the importance of cultural identity, these authors challenge the notion of a monolithic African narrative. This research also raises important questions about the role of literature in shaping cultural perceptions and the impact of colonialism on contemporary African societies.”

Browse through the next step of how to write a conclusion for a dissertation/thesis! This step demonstrates your research’s importance in a broader context. 

4. Highlight your research’s significance

In this part, write about how your research has contributed new knowledge to your field. You can briefly explain how the research conducted has filled a gap in your field of study. By using relevant academic research resources like Google Scholar, you can understand the research already conducted and use relevant references in your conclusion. 

If your research proves or disproves a certain theory or assumption, you can mention that. Also, if you’ve mentioned the gap in the literature review , you can remind readers about this. 

Here is an example of how to highlight your research’s significance for an empirical paper: 

“This study contributes to the growing body of research on the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. By utilizing a longitudinal design and a large, diverse sample, this study provides robust evidence for the relationship between social media usage and negative mental health outcomes. The findings also highlight the importance of considering the role of specific social media platforms and usage patterns in shaping mental health, which has been overlooked in previous research.” 

In contrast, in a humanities paper, you should focus on how your insights contribute to the broader discourse in your field and any new perspectives or interpretations.

Following is an example: 

“This comparative analysis of Achebe and Adichie’s works contributes to the growing body of postcolonial literary criticism by highlighting the importance of considering the diversity of African experiences and the ongoing impact of colonialism on contemporary African societies. By focusing on the theme of cultural identity and the use of narrative techniques that subvert Western stereotypes, this research offers a new lens through which to interpret these authors’ works and their significance within the canon of African literature.” 

Now, let’s understand the last step of how to write a dissertation conclusion/thesis conclusion! 

5. Strongly conclude your thesis or dissertation 

End with an impactful statement that summarizes a key takeaway or highlights your work’s broader significance. 

Here is an example of an empirical paper conclusion: 

“By investing in evidence-based strategies to promote mental health in the workplace, we can foster a more resilient and productive workforce for the future.” 

In contrast, the following is an example of the final statement for a humanities paper: 

“In the final analysis, the enduring legacy of these writers lies in their ability to touch the depths of the human soul, awakening us to the transformative power of language, story, and imagination.” 

After concluding your thesis, to enhance your thesis further, you can take the help of online thesis editing and proofreading services . Now let us see the dos and don’ts to follow while writing a thesis conclusion! 

Dos and don’ts while writing a conclusion 

Suggested sentence structures for framing the conclusion 

Depending on whether you’re writing an empirical or humanities paper, you can use and customize these sentence structures for your thesis or dissertation conclusion. 

• This study aimed to investigate the… 
• The results of this study demonstrate that…
• The analysis of the data revealed that… 
• The findings of this study have significant implications for…
• The insights gained from this research have important implications for…
• The key findings of this research indicate… 
• Further research is needed to explore….
• By investigating [write the research purpose], this study found out [write the main findings]. 
• This study makes a notable contribution to the field of…[field name] by [write the contribution] 
• While this study demonstrates the potential for [practical application], further research is required to explore…
• To conclude, the insights gained from this research…
• This dissertation fills a crucial gap in the literature by…
• This study offers valuable insights that can…
• In summary, this study…
• In closing, this dissertation…

This concludes our guide about how to write a thesis conclusion and dissertation conclusion. You can bookmark this article to revisit any thesis and dissertation conclusion examples. Once you write the conclusion and complete your paper, you’ll need to edit and proofread your thesis or dissertation. As experts in editing and proofreading services , we’d love to help you perfect your paper! 

Here are some other articles you might find interesting: 

• Thesis Editing | Definition, Scope & Standard Rates
• Academic Writing in 2024: 5 Key Dos & Don’ts + Examples
• Top 10 Assignment Editing Services of 2024
• Top 10 Online Dissertation Editing Services of 2024
• How to Write a Dissertation | 5 Tips from Academic Editors

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• How to Write a Thesis or Dissertation Conclusion

How to Write a Dissertation Conclusion | Checklist and Examples

Published on 9 September 2022 by Tegan George and Shona McCombes. Revised on 10 October 2022.

The conclusion is the very last part of your thesis or dissertation . It should be concise and engaging, leaving your reader with a clear understanding of your main findings, as well as the answer to your research question .

In it, you should:

• Clearly state the answer to your main research question
• Summarise and reflect on your research process
• Make recommendations for future work on your topic
• Show what new knowledge you have contributed to your field
• Wrap up your thesis or dissertation

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Table of contents

Discussion vs. conclusion, how long should your conclusion be, step 1: answer your research question, step 2: summarise and reflect on your research, step 3: make future recommendations, step 4: emphasise your contributions to your field, step 5: wrap up your thesis or dissertation, full conclusion example, conclusion checklist, frequently asked questions about conclusion sections.

While your conclusion contains similar elements to your discussion section , they are not the same thing.

Your conclusion should be shorter and more general than your discussion. Instead of repeating literature from your literature review , discussing specific research results , or interpreting your data in detail, concentrate on making broad statements that sum up the most important insights of your research.

As a rule of thumb, your conclusion should not introduce new data, interpretations, or arguments.

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Depending on whether you are writing a thesis or dissertation, your length will vary. Generally, a conclusion should make up around 5–7% of your overall word count.

An empirical scientific study will often have a short conclusion, concisely stating the main findings and recommendations for future research. A humanities topic or systematic review , on the other hand, might require more space to conclude its analysis, tying all the previous sections together in an overall argument.

Your conclusion should begin with the main question that your thesis or dissertation aimed to address. This is your final chance to show that you’ve done what you set out to do, so make sure to formulate a clear, concise answer.

• Don’t repeat a list of all the results that you already discussed
• Do synthesise them into a final takeaway that the reader will remember.

An empirical thesis or dissertation conclusion may begin like this:

A case study –based thesis or dissertation conclusion may begin like this:

In the second example, the research aim is not directly restated, but rather added implicitly to the statement. To avoid repeating yourself, it is helpful to reformulate your aims and questions into an overall statement of what you did and how you did it.

Your conclusion is an opportunity to remind your reader why you took the approach you did, what you expected to find, and how well the results matched your expectations.

To avoid repetition , consider writing more reflectively here, rather than just writing a summary of each preceding section. Consider mentioning the effectiveness of your methodology , or perhaps any new questions or unexpected insights that arose in the process.

You can also mention any limitations of your research, but only if you haven’t already included these in the discussion. Don’t dwell on them at length, though – focus on the positives of your work.

• While x limits the generalisability of the results, this approach provides new insight into y .
• This research clearly illustrates x , but it also raises the question of y .

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You may already have made a few recommendations for future research in your discussion section, but the conclusion is a good place to elaborate and look ahead, considering the implications of your findings in both theoretical and practical terms.

• Based on these conclusions, practitioners should consider …
• To better understand the implications of these results, future studies could address …
• Further research is needed to determine the causes of/effects of/relationship between …

When making recommendations for further research, be sure not to undermine your own work. Relatedly, while future studies might confirm, build on, or enrich your conclusions, they shouldn’t be required for your argument to feel complete. Your work should stand alone on its own merits.

Just as you should avoid too much self-criticism, you should also avoid exaggerating the applicability of your research. If you’re making recommendations for policy, business, or other practical implementations, it’s generally best to frame them as ‘shoulds’ rather than ‘musts’. All in all, the purpose of academic research is to inform, explain, and explore – not to demand.

Make sure your reader is left with a strong impression of what your research has contributed to the state of your field.

Some strategies to achieve this include:

• Returning to your problem statement to explain how your research helps solve the problem
• Referring back to the literature review and showing how you have addressed a gap in knowledge
• Discussing how your findings confirm or challenge an existing theory or assumption

Again, avoid simply repeating what you’ve already covered in the discussion in your conclusion. Instead, pick out the most important points and sum them up succinctly, situating your project in a broader context.

The end is near! Once you’ve finished writing your conclusion, it’s time to wrap up your thesis or dissertation with a few final steps:

• It’s a good idea to write your abstract next, while the research is still fresh in your mind.
• Next, make sure your reference list is complete and correctly formatted. To speed up the process, you can use our free APA citation generator .
• Once you’ve added any appendices , you can create a table of contents and title page .
• Finally, read through the whole document again to make sure your thesis is clearly written and free from language errors. You can proofread it yourself , ask a friend, or consider Scribbr’s proofreading and editing service .

Here is an example of how you can write your conclusion section. Notice how it includes everything mentioned above:

V. Conclusion

The current research aimed to identify acoustic speech characteristics which mark the beginning of an exacerbation in COPD patients.

The central questions for this research were as follows: 1. Which acoustic measures extracted from read speech differ between COPD speakers in stable condition and healthy speakers? 2. In what ways does the speech of COPD patients during an exacerbation differ from speech of COPD patients during stable periods?

All recordings were aligned using a script. Subsequently, they were manually annotated to indicate respiratory actions such as inhaling and exhaling. The recordings of 9 stable COPD patients reading aloud were then compared with the recordings of 5 healthy control subjects reading aloud. The results showed a significant effect of condition on the number of in- and exhalations per syllable, the number of non-linguistic in- and exhalations per syllable, and the ratio of voiced and silence intervals. The number of in- and exhalations per syllable and the number of non-linguistic in- and exhalations per syllable were higher for COPD patients than for healthy controls, which confirmed both hypotheses.

However, the higher ratio of voiced and silence intervals for COPD patients compared to healthy controls was not in line with the hypotheses. This unpredicted result might have been caused by the different reading materials or recording procedures for both groups, or by a difference in reading skills. Moreover, there was a trend regarding the effect of condition on the number of syllables per breath group. The number of syllables per breath group was higher for healthy controls than for COPD patients, which was in line with the hypothesis. There was no effect of condition on pitch, intensity, center of gravity, pitch variability, speaking rate, or articulation rate.

This research has shown that the speech of COPD patients in exacerbation differs from the speech of COPD patients in stable condition. This might have potential for the detection of exacerbations. However, sustained vowels rarely occur in spontaneous speech. Therefore, the last two outcome measures might have greater potential for the detection of beginning exacerbations, but further research on the different outcome measures and their potential for the detection of exacerbations is needed due to the limitations of the current study.

Checklist: Conclusion

I have clearly and concisely answered the main research question .

I have summarized my overall argument or key takeaways.

I have mentioned any important limitations of the research.

I have given relevant recommendations .

I have clearly explained what my research has contributed to my field.

I have  not introduced any new data or arguments.

You've written a great conclusion! Use the other checklists to further improve your dissertation.

In a thesis or dissertation, the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context.

The conclusion is more shorter and more general: it concisely answers your main research question and makes recommendations based on your overall findings.

While it may be tempting to present new arguments or evidence in your thesis or disseration conclusion , especially if you have a particularly striking argument you’d like to finish your analysis with, you shouldn’t. Theses and dissertations follow a more formal structure than this.

All your findings and arguments should be presented in the body of the text (more specifically in the discussion section and results section .) The conclusion is meant to summarize and reflect on the evidence and arguments you have already presented, not introduce new ones.

For a stronger dissertation conclusion , avoid including:

• Generic concluding phrases (e.g. “In conclusion…”)
• Weak statements that undermine your argument (e.g. “There are good points on both sides of this issue.”)

Your conclusion should leave the reader with a strong, decisive impression of your work.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation shouldn’t take up more than 5-7% of your overall word count.

The conclusion of your thesis or dissertation should include the following:

• A restatement of your research question
• A summary of your key arguments and/or results
• A short discussion of the implications of your research

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George, T. & McCombes, S. (2022, October 10). How to Write a Dissertation Conclusion | Checklist and Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 12 August 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/conclusion/

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Traditional Academic Essays In Three Parts

Part i: the introduction.

An introduction is usually the first paragraph of your academic essay. If you’re writing a long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to introduce your topic to your reader. A good introduction does 2 things:

• Gets the reader’s attention. You can get a reader’s attention by telling a story, providing a statistic, pointing out something strange or interesting, providing and discussing an interesting quote, etc. Be interesting and find some original angle via which to engage others in your topic.
• Provides a specific and debatable thesis statement. The thesis statement is usually just one sentence long, but it might be longer—even a whole paragraph—if the essay you’re writing is long. A good thesis statement makes a debatable point, meaning a point someone might disagree with and argue against. It also serves as a roadmap for what you argue in your paper.

Part II: The Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs help you prove your thesis and move you along a compelling trajectory from your introduction to your conclusion. If your thesis is a simple one, you might not need a lot of body paragraphs to prove it. If it’s more complicated, you’ll need more body paragraphs. An easy way to remember the parts of a body paragraph is to think of them as the MEAT of your essay:

Main Idea. The part of a topic sentence that states the main idea of the body paragraph. All of the sentences in the paragraph connect to it. Keep in mind that main ideas are…

• like labels. They appear in the first sentence of the paragraph and tell your reader what’s inside the paragraph.
• arguable. They’re not statements of fact; they’re debatable points that you prove with evidence.
• focused. Make a specific point in each paragraph and then prove that point.

Evidence. The parts of a paragraph that prove the main idea. You might include different types of evidence in different sentences. Keep in mind that different disciplines have different ideas about what counts as evidence and they adhere to different citation styles. Examples of evidence include…

• quotations and/or paraphrases from sources.
• facts , e.g. statistics or findings from studies you’ve conducted.
• narratives and/or descriptions , e.g. of your own experiences.

Analysis. The parts of a paragraph that explain the evidence. Make sure you tie the evidence you provide back to the paragraph’s main idea. In other words, discuss the evidence.

Transition. The part of a paragraph that helps you move fluidly from the last paragraph. Transitions appear in topic sentences along with main ideas, and they look both backward and forward in order to help you connect your ideas for your reader. Don’t end paragraphs with transitions; start with them.

Keep in mind that MEAT does not occur in that order. The “ T ransition” and the “ M ain Idea” often combine to form the first sentence—the topic sentence—and then paragraphs contain multiple sentences of evidence and analysis. For example, a paragraph might look like this: TM. E. E. A. E. E. A. A.

Part III: The Conclusion

A conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay, or, if you’re writing a really long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to conclude. A conclusion typically does one of two things—or, of course, it can do both:

• Summarizes the argument. Some instructors expect you not to say anything new in your conclusion. They just want you to restate your main points. Especially if you’ve made a long and complicated argument, it’s useful to restate your main points for your reader by the time you’ve gotten to your conclusion. If you opt to do so, keep in mind that you should use different language than you used in your introduction and your body paragraphs. The introduction and conclusion shouldn’t be the same.
• For example, your argument might be significant to studies of a certain time period .
• Alternately, it might be significant to a certain geographical region .
• Alternately still, it might influence how your readers think about the future . You might even opt to speculate about the future and/or call your readers to action in your conclusion.

Handout by Dr. Liliana Naydan. Do not reproduce without permission.

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How to Write a Thesis Conclusion

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Students have to complete different writing assignments, and some of them are utterly complex. Every assignment has the central idea or problem, which is supposed to be discussed and analyzed during the entire work. It’s called a thesis statement. The main objective of the statement is to explain to readers what is discussed and why it’s so important. Finally, a researcher must complete a thesis conclusion. This informative guide provides useful prompts and knowledge about how to achieve a positive result.

In most cases, students are puzzled with thesis statements of such complex assignments as a dissertation, case study, and similar ones. However, simpler projects may cause some trouble as well. Many students cannot write a good conclusion and require some help. If you’re confused by this task, just contact our academic service and we will  professional thesis writing help . Using the assistance of a professional writing company, you’ll overcome any impediments related to your academic writing.

Discussion vs. Conclusion

First of all, we’d like to clarify the difference between discussion and conclusion. Many people mess up these terms and think they are the same. It’s not so, and their difference is quite obvious.

A discussion in a research paper is a review of the main argument or hypothesis. It highlights the analysis of the main problem in great detail. It frequently involves methods and data used in finding the answers. It compares your approach with the methods of other researchers. This is a reflection of the course of the experiment.

A conclusion is quite a different approach. It briefly summarizes the entire paper. It’s supposed to restate the abstract in thesis , all the problems, findings, and results once again using other words. It should create a strong impression to underline the most important finding of the research.

Answer the Research Question of Your Thesis

When you write a thesis conclusion, you can achieve success if you plainly answer the main question of your project. It should be done in the main body of the assignment. The place differs, depending on the assignment type. If it’s a standard essay, provide the answer in any of the three body paragraphs. If it’s a dissertation or a research paper, answer in the section called “Discussion.”

The location really depends on the type of scientific project you are working on. Make sure you understand the main question using an in-depth analysis. Study the main problem from different angles to realize all the advantages and disadvantages. The response must be straight to the point. If you discuss modern problems in education, you cannot write about problems in any other industry. At times, it’s useful to read some samples to understand how to answer the research question properly.

Restate and Summarize Your Work

The main objective of the conclusion in any scientific paper is to restate and summarize the entire work. It’s necessary to connect your abstract to the final chapter of your writing. It already contains the major insight and tells your readers what you’ll discuss. However, it doesn’t have the final result. It must be clearly revealed in your conclusion. The most important recommendation we give is to highlight some two-three points, which clearly answer the main question of your project. Explain:

• What was studied?
• What was the result?
• Why is it so important?

Here are a few helpful prompts:

• Your conclusion shouldn’t be more than five sentences.
• Address your final thoughts directly to your readers.
• Avoid clichés and generalizations.
• Don’t apologize.
• Proofread and analyze.
• Use different words.

Make Recommendations

Another stage of concluding your thesis is to make several recommendations. Other people would like to read how your research contributes to solving the issue. You should provide 2-7 recommendations. Each must be specific and connected to your conclusions. You may give research limitations examples , explain how to avoid possible drawbacks, recommend more effective methods, etc.

List and Emphasize Your Contribution

It’s important to give a track of your contribution to the project you’ve written. Mention the new knowledge you’ve added to the development of the argument. Explain how a concrete insight or recommendation has helped to solve the problem.

End Your Thesis

The final step is to end your thesis. It must be proofread and improved. Analyze your project from the first chapter to the last one. Check your grammar, be concise and logical, address directly to your audience.

Using our smart prompts, you’ll have a perfect thesis conclusion. In case you cannot handle it properly, consider online support. If you intend to use professional writing assistance, do in-depth research. Obligatorily verify the legitimate status of the writing platform and read customers’ reviews. Once you find out how it works and know that the chosen platform is trustworthy, you can hire a professional writer to manage your thesis conclusion.

Thesis Conclusion Example

Conclusion The notion of a modern-day work environment that exhibits deeply rooted cultural and structural barriers for women in STEM is generally rejected in this study, although some bias is still evident today. Motivating factors for women in STEM mirror motivating factors for any worker. One exception is the emphasis on, and the inconsistency of, descriptors placed on growth or advancement opportunities, suggesting that growth opportunities are still a barrier today. If the STEM workforce is vital to the United States as a nation, where the STEM workforce is only 13% female for engineering and 26% female for science, technology, and math (NSF, 2012), society still has work to do to help build and retain the STEM workforce. There is no data in this study or others that suggests that the workplaces for STEM professionals have consistent policies, cultures, and values for the individual. If the U.S. workplace is not consistently creating an environment where women in STEM professions are motivated throughout their career journeys, and laws are not equipping women to balance both work and families, then there is still work to do to advance the United States in the global race in science, engineering, technology, and math. The results of this study suggested that there are five themes related to motivating factors for women who have stayed in STEM professions long-term: (a) interest in STEM is the constant as individual needs and priorities change, (b) direct manager influence on development is critical, (c) performance-based workplace policies and culture are continuously sought, (d) moving towards a no-bias workplace remains important, and (e) the career growth path at life’s crossroads remains a challenge. For the first, career fit is essential in relation to an individual’s interest. For women in STEM, a career with challenge is key. Family priorities were emphasized as high priority individual needs, particularly when just starting to have a family.  Direct managers were consistently cited as a key to staying motivated, particularly as direct managers were seen as the gateway to new challenges and growth opportunities. A fair workplace has a foundation of performance-based policies and culture. Both are expected in the workplace of today and the future. The no-bias workplace directly relates to helping foster a good reputation. This perhaps is recognition of the opposite of a hostile workplace being a workplace where a women’s credibility is not readily undermined. Continuous career challenge at life’s crossroads is a reference to several dimensions related to career growth. The women in this study emphatically voiced their interest in being challenged and wanting to continuously grow. While the attitudes that the women expressed as they shared their career experiences were positive, it was somewhat disturbing to hear the energy focused in the career growth and development opportunities. The participants in this study presented themselves as competent, experienced women, who genuinely loved their work, who spoke of their managers with high regard and who generally viewed their compensation as satisfactory. Yet, the participants had such varying descriptors about how they felt about their growth opportunities throughout their careers. Some used the word sacrifice to describe a growth opportunity, referring to those opportunities that were lateral or part-time. Participants saw these positions as an opportunity to stay in STEM, but at a cost to their career in STEM. Some described growth opportunities as promotions. The words that women used when describing how they felt about promotions included an emphasis on being valued. If companies want to motivate women in STEM, career growth paths have to be modernized so that all growth opportunities result in the employee feeling like their careers are being invested in. If women learn new skills as part of lateral and part-time work, options they take to balance family priorities, and they are not justly considered for promotional opportunities, then the workplace has a built-in de-motivator for women. In STEM professions, where the workers are knowledge workers, not industrial age workers, treating any growth opportunity as anything other than an investment is not only archaic, it is potentially discriminatory. The hostile environment may not be as evident on the surface since overt discrimination that used to plague the STEM workplace is largely a practice of the past. The ownership for career advancement is primarily on the individual, which is not necessarily wrong. If the individual is also a caretaker, he or she has to choose between a career track that offers them promotions and rewards for their advancing skills and a career track that offers them lateral moves or part-time work in exchange for their advancing skills. Advancing skills are advancing skills. The results of this study suggested that women in STEM are motivated to be challenged continuously and motivated to grow. Hopefully, the workplace will soon start to recognize growth through a non-biased lens. Hopefully, in future studies, no mention of bias will be referenced by women in STEM at any point in their journey. Until then, opportunities for the workplace and government to help remove bias remain.

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A character analysis essay is a deep dive into the personality, motivations, and actions of a character from a literary work. It requires not only a thorough understanding of the character in question but also a clear, structured approach to presenting your insights. If you're a student looking to refine your skills in this area, you're in the right place. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore how to craft a compelling character analysis essay, complete with examples, outlines, and formatting tips.

Understanding the Character Analysis Essay

Before delving into the nitty-gritty of writing, it’s crucial to understand what a character analysis essay entails. This type of essay requires you to examine a character's traits, motivations, relationships, and overall role in the narrative. The goal is to paint a clear picture of who the characters are and how they contribute to the story's themes and plot.

Why is a Character Analysis Essay Important?

Character analysis essays are important because they encourage critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the text. By analysing a character, you gain insights into the broader themes of the work, the author's intentions, and the human condition. Additionally, such essays help develop skills in argumentation, textual evidence, and structured writing.

4 Key Elements of a Character Analysis

When conducting a character analysis, it’s important to focus on a few key elements to gain a comprehensive understanding of the character.

• Character Traits : Identify the character's key personality traits, such as compassion, selfishness, bravery, or timidity. Consider what motivates them—whether it’s desires, fears, or ambitions—and how these traits and motivations evolve over the course of the story.
• Role in the Narrative : Determine the character’s role in the story, whether they are the hero, the villain, or another significant figure. Analyse their relationships with other characters, noting any conflicts, alliances, or influence on the plot. Also, consider their function in the story, whether they serve as a mentor, foil, or love interest.
• Backstory and Influence : Explore the character’s background, including their past experiences, upbringing, and significant life events. Understand how this history shapes their actions and decisions in the present, influencing their behaviour throughout the narrative.
• Symbolism and Representation : Consider whether the character symbolises a particular idea, theme, or social issue within the story. Determine if they fit into a recognisable archetype, such as the Hero, Mentor, or Outsider, and how this impacts their role and significance in the narrative.

How to Start a Character Analysis Essay

Starting a character analysis essay can feel daunting, but breaking it down into manageable steps can make the process smoother.

1. Choose Your Character Wisely

The first step is selecting a character to analyse. Ideally, choose a character who plays a significant role in the story and has a complex personality. This will provide ample material to explore in your essay. If your instructor assigns a specific character, focus on understanding that character’s depth.

2. Read and Annotate the Text

To write a comprehensive analysis, it’s essential to thoroughly read the text with the character in mind. Take notes on the character’s actions, dialogue, and any descriptions provided by the author. Pay attention to how other characters react to them and how the character evolves throughout the story.

3. Formulate a Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement is the backbone of your essay. It should present a clear argument about the character and offer a preview of the points you will discuss. For example, "In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch represents moral integrity and the fight against injustice, as demonstrated by his interactions with other characters and his role in the central conflict."

Creating a Character Analysis Essay Outline

An outline serves as a roadmap for your essay, ensuring that you cover all necessary points in a logical order. Here's a typical character analysis essay outline:

1. Introduction

Hook : Start with an interesting fact, a quote, or a question related to the character or theme. Context : Provide some background on the story and the character. Thesis : Statement: Present your main argument.

2. Body Paragraphs

Paragraph 1: Character Description Physical appearance Key personality traits Initial role in the story

Paragraph 2: Character's Relationships Relationships with other characters How these relationships influence the character's development

Paragraph 3: Character’s Motivations What drives the character? How do their motivations align with their actions?

Paragraph 4: Character’s Evolution How does the character change over the course of the story? What events are pivotal in this transformation?

3. Conclusion

Restate the Thesis : Summarise the main points discussed in your essay. Reflection : Offer a final insight or question to ponder regarding the character and their significance in the story.

Character Analysis Essay Format

When it comes to formatting, adhering to the guidelines provided by your instructor is crucial. However, here are some general formatting tips:

Font and Size : Use a standard, readable font like Times New Roman, 12-point. Spacing : Double-space your text for clarity. Margins : Use 1-inch margins on all sides. Title : Include a title that reflects the content of your essay. Page Numbers : Number your pages, typically in the top right corner. Citations : Use appropriate citations (MLA, APA, etc.) for any quotes or references.

Writing the Character Analysis Essay Introduction

The introduction is your chance to grab the reader's attention and set the tone for your essay. Here's how to craft a compelling character analysis essay introduction example:

"Every great story is driven by its characters, and in Pride and Prejudice , Elizabeth Bennet stands out as a complex figure whose intelligence, wit, and independence challenge the social norms of her time. As we explore her interactions with Mr Darcy and her evolution throughout the novel, it becomes clear that Elizabeth is not just a product of her environment but a catalyst for change within it. This essay will delve into her character, examining how Austen uses Elizabeth to critique societal expectations and highlight the importance of personal integrity."

In this example, the hook is an observation about the role of characters in storytelling. The context provides a brief overview of Elizabeth Bennet and the novel, while the thesis statement presents the main argument of the essay.

Character Analysis Essay Example

To further illustrate how to write a character analysis essay, let’s consider a brief example focusing on Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :

Thesis Statement

"Jay Gatsby, the enigmatic millionaire of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, is a symbol of the American Dream's corruption, as his relentless pursuit of wealth and status ultimately leads to his downfall."

Body Paragraph

"Gatsby’s opulent lifestyle and grand parties are emblematic of his desire to be seen as successful and powerful, yet they also reveal his deep-seated insecurity and longing for acceptance. His obsession with Daisy Buchanan, whom he views as a status symbol, further illustrates his misguided belief that wealth and social standing can buy happiness and love. Despite his wealth, Gatsby remains an outsider in the old-money world he so desperately wishes to join."

In this example, the essay examines Gatsby’s actions, motivations, and relationships, linking them back to the broader theme of the American Dream.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

While writing a character analysis essay, it’s easy to fall into certain traps. Here are a few to watch out for:

Over-summarising : Remember, your essay should analyse the character, not just summarise the plot. Ignoring textual evidence : Support your arguments with specific examples from the text. Lack of focus : Stay focused on your thesis and ensure each paragraph contributes to your overall argument. Surface-level analysis : Dig deep into the character’s motivations, relationships, and evolution rather than just scratching the surface.

Wrapping It All Up

Writing a character analysis essay is an opportunity to engage with a literary work on a deeper level. By carefully examining a character's traits, motivations, and evolution, you gain a richer understanding of the text and the author’s intentions. With a clear outline, strong thesis statement, and well-supported arguments, you can craft an insightful essay that reveals the complexities of your chosen character.

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หน้าแรก > บล็อก > วิธีการเขียนโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความ

วิธีการเขียนโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความ

• ทีมบรรณาธิการ Smodin
• Updated: สิงหาคม 13, 2024
• คำแนะนำทีละขั้นตอนสำหรับการเขียน

คิดว่าโครงร่างของเรียงความเป็นแนวทางที่จะกำหนดรูปแบบงานเขียนของคุณ บทความที่โน้มน้าวใจต้องคิดอย่างรอบคอบ โดยมีการวางแผนย่อหน้าเนื้อหาโดยละเอียด ไม่แนะนำให้เข้าไปอ่านเรียงความแบบ Blind เพราะมันไม่มีลำดับที่สมเหตุสมผล และฉบับร่างของคุณก็ดูไม่สมเหตุสมผลเท่าไหร่

หากคุณไม่เคยเขียนโครงร่างมาก่อน โปรดอ่านต่อ เรากำลังพูดถึงวิธีรวมไว้ในกระบวนการเขียนของคุณและแสดงตัวอย่างโครงร่างเรียงความเพื่อช่วยคุณในการเริ่มต้น

โครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความคืออะไร?

โครงร่างเรียงความเป็นเหมือนแผนงานสำหรับเส้นทางการเขียนของคุณ โดยจะแนะนำคุณตั้งแต่ส่วนแนะนำไปจนถึงบทสรุปอย่างชัดเจนและเป็นระเบียบ มันเป็นส่วนสำคัญของสิ่งที่คุณจะเขียน ช่วยให้คุณสามารถระบุประเด็นสำคัญและแสดงให้คุณเห็นว่าคุณจะจัดโครงสร้างประเด็นเหล่านั้นในย่อหน้าเนื้อหาอย่างไร

การวางประเด็นหลักและประเด็นย่อยในโครงร่างเรียงความเชิงโต้แย้งหรือเรียงความประเภทอื่นๆ ที่คุณครอบคลุมจะช่วยให้คุณแน่ใจว่ามีกระแสที่สมเหตุสมผลและครอบคลุมประเด็นที่จำเป็นทั้งหมดของหัวข้อของคุณ

การสร้างโครงร่างอาจดูเหมือนเป็นขั้นตอนพิเศษ แต่สามารถช่วยคุณประหยัดเวลาและความยุ่งยากได้มากในระยะยาว ช่วยให้คุณเห็นภาพใหญ่ก่อนที่คุณจะเริ่มเขียน ทำให้ง่ายต่อการติดตามและหลีกเลี่ยงการออกนอกหัวข้อ

นอกจากนี้ ด้วยโครงร่างที่ชัดเจน คุณยังมองเห็นช่องว่างในการโต้แย้งหรือประเด็นที่ต้องศึกษาเพิ่มเติมก่อนเริ่มบทสนทนา การเขียนเรียงความ กระบวนการ

ดังนั้น ไม่ว่าคุณจะทำงานที่ได้รับมอบหมายในโรงเรียนมัธยมปลาย หรือกำลังสร้างสิ่งที่ซับซ้อนก็ตาม รายงานการวิจัย หรือเจาะลึกการเขียนเรียงความเชิงอธิบาย การเริ่มต้นด้วยโครงร่างถือเป็นการดำเนินการที่ชาญฉลาด ช่วยให้คุณจดจ่ออยู่กับหัวข้อและมั่นใจในแนวทางที่คุณจะนำเสนอรายงาน

ตอนนี้คุณรู้แล้วว่าโครงร่างของเรียงความคืออะไร เรามาดูกันว่าโครงร่างของเรียงความจะช่วยคุณได้อย่างไรในระหว่างขั้นตอนการเขียนโดยละเอียด

โครงร่างเรียงความสามารถช่วยคุณในระหว่างขั้นตอนการเขียนได้อย่างไร?

บทความที่ดีเป็นตัวชี้วัดความสำเร็จทางวิชาการ ตามสมาคมเกียรติยศ - ดังนั้นคุณต้องแน่ใจว่าเรียงความของคุณได้รับการค้นคว้าและเขียนอย่างดี โครงร่างเรียงความที่มีประสิทธิภาพเป็นวิธีง่ายๆ ที่ทำให้กระบวนการเขียนของคุณง่ายขึ้นมากเมื่อเขียนรายงาน

นี่คือสาเหตุที่โครงร่างเรียงความมีประโยชน์

1. จัดระเบียบความคิดของคุณ

โครงร่างทำหน้าที่เป็นแผนที่สำหรับเรียงความของคุณ ช่วยให้คุณจัดระเบียบความคิดและแนวคิดต่างๆ เพื่อให้ทุกอย่างดำเนินไปอย่างมีเหตุมีผล ด้วยการวางแผนประเด็นหลักและสนับสนุนรายละเอียดทั้งหมดล่วงหน้า คุณสามารถมั่นใจได้ว่าเรียงความหรืองานวิจัยของคุณสมเหตุสมผลตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบ

2. ประหยัดเวลา

การสละเวลาเล็กน้อยเพื่อสร้างโครงร่าง รวมถึงย่อหน้าเนื้อหา คำนำ และบทสรุป จะช่วยคุณประหยัดเวลาได้มากในภายหลัง ด้วยการวางแผนที่ชัดเจน คุณสามารถเขียนได้เร็วขึ้นและหลีกเลี่ยงการติดขัดหรือหลุดออกจากเส้นสัมผัสกัน

3. รับประกันความสอดคล้องและความชัดเจนในการเขียนของคุณ

โครงร่างเรียงความที่ดีจะทำให้เรียงความของคุณมีความชัดเจนและง่ายต่อการติดตาม มันช่วยให้คุณย้ายจากแนวคิดหนึ่งไปยังอีกแนวคิดหนึ่งในลักษณะที่เป็นตรรกะ เพื่อให้ผู้อ่านของคุณสามารถเข้าใจข้อโต้แย้งหรือเรื่องราวของคุณโดยไม่หลงทาง

4. ช่วยระบุช่องว่างและจุดอ่อน

เมื่อคุณร่างเรียงความ คุณสามารถมองเห็นช่องว่างในการค้นคว้าหรือจุดอ่อนในเรียงความเชิงโต้แย้ง เป็นต้น วิธีนี้ช่วยให้คุณแก้ไขปัญหาเหล่านี้ได้ตั้งแต่เนิ่นๆ ซึ่งจะทำให้เรียงความโดยรวมของคุณแข็งแกร่งขึ้น นี่เป็นสิ่งสำคัญอย่างยิ่งสำหรับโครงร่างเรียงความซึ่งคุณต้องรวบรวมข้อโต้แย้งตลอด

5. สร้างโครงสร้างที่สมดุล

โครงร่างช่วยให้คุณสร้างสมดุลในการเขียนเรียงความ คุณสามารถตรวจสอบให้แน่ใจว่าแต่ละส่วนได้รับความสนใจเพียงพอ และไม่มีส่วนใดยาวหรือสั้นเกินไป

6. ลดระดับความเครียดของคุณ

การมีแผนที่ชัดเจนสามารถลดความเครียดในการเขียนได้ การรู้ว่าคุณต้องเขียนอะไรต่อไปจะช่วยให้คุณมีสมาธิและป้องกันไม่ให้ผู้เขียนถูกบล็อก

7. ปรับปรุงคุณภาพโดยรวม

ในท้ายที่สุด โครงร่างที่จัดทำขึ้นอย่างดีจะนำไปสู่การเขียนเรียงความที่ดีขึ้น ช่วยให้คุณนำเสนอแนวคิดของคุณในรูปแบบที่มีโครงสร้าง โน้มน้าวใจ และขัดเกลา สร้างความประทับใจอย่างมากให้กับผู้อ่านของคุณ เป็นรากฐานที่ช่วยให้คุณสร้างเรียงความที่น่าสนใจและจัดระเบียบอย่างดี

วิธีการทำโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความที่เป็นคำชี้แจงวิทยานิพนธ์

สงสัยว่าจะทำโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความที่เป็นข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ได้อย่างไรใช่ไหม เราช่วยคุณได้! เมื่อคุณเขียนโครงร่างเรียงความ คุณจะถูกบังคับให้คิดถึงประเด็นหลักที่คุณต้องการพูดถึง กระบวนการนี้ช่วยให้คุณจำกัดความสนใจของคุณให้แคบลงและเข้าใจข้อโต้แย้งหลักของคุณได้ชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น

เมื่อคุณจัดระเบียบความคิดและดูว่ามันเข้ากันอย่างไร คุณก็เริ่มมองเห็นภาพรวมของเรียงความได้ ภาพใหญ่นี้คือสิ่งที่เกี่ยวกับคำแถลงวิทยานิพนธ์ของคุณ

ข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการเขียนเรียงความ โดยจะบอกผู้อ่านว่าประเด็นหลักของคุณคืออะไร และกำหนดแนวทางสำหรับรายงานทั้งเล่ม การสรุปก่อน คุณต้องแน่ใจว่าข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ของคุณมีความแข็งแกร่งและสะท้อนแนวคิดหลักที่คุณจะพูดคุยอย่างชัดเจน

นอกจากนี้ หากคุณพบว่าแนวคิดของคุณไม่สอดคล้องกันในขณะที่คุณร่าง คุณสามารถปรับแต่งข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ให้ตรงกับทิศทางของเรียงความได้ดีขึ้น การปรับเปลี่ยนตั้งแต่เนิ่นๆ ง่ายกว่ามาก แทนที่จะต้องเขียนเรียงความส่วนใหญ่ใหม่ในภายหลัง

การสร้างโครงร่างไม่เพียงแต่ช่วยให้คุณจัดระเบียบเรียงความ แต่ยังช่วยให้แน่ใจว่าข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ของคุณมีความชัดเจน มุ่งเน้น และตรงประเด็น

ตัวอย่างโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความ: 3 ประเภทเรียงความที่พบบ่อยที่สุด

เพื่อช่วยคุณในการเริ่มต้นเขียนโครงร่างเรียงความ ต่อไปนี้คือตัวอย่างโครงร่างสามประการสำหรับเรียงความประเภทต่างๆ

1. ตัวอย่างโครงร่างเรียงความเชิงพรรณนา

การสร้างโครงร่างที่ชัดเจนสำหรับ เรียงความบรรยาย ช่วยให้แน่ใจว่างานเขียนของคุณเป็นระเบียบและน่าดึงดูด นี่คือตัวอย่างเรียงความเชิงพรรณนาที่คุณอาจเขียนที่วิทยาลัย

โครงร่างตัวอย่าง: ห้องสมุดที่มหาวิทยาลัยของฉัน

I. การแนะนำ

• ฮุค: “การก้าวเข้าไปในห้องสมุดของมหาวิทยาลัยก็เหมือนกับการเข้าสู่สถานที่ศักดิ์สิทธิ์แห่งความรู้”
• ข้อมูลความเป็นมา: บทนำโดยย่อเกี่ยวกับความสำคัญของห้องสมุด
• คำแถลงวิทยานิพนธ์: “ห้องสมุดมหาวิทยาลัยเป็นสถานที่โปรดของฉันเนื่องจากมีบรรยากาศที่เงียบสงบ ทรัพยากรที่กว้างขวาง และสถาปัตยกรรมที่สร้างแรงบันดาลใจ”

ครั้งที่สอง ย่อหน้าเนื้อหา

ก. บรรยากาศ

• ประโยคหัวข้อ “ห้องสมุดมีบรรยากาศเงียบสงบสำหรับการเรียน”
• รายละเอียด: พื้นที่อ่านหนังสืออันเงียบสงบ ที่นั่งสบาย แสงธรรมชาติ
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: ความเงียบ เสียงกรอบแกรบอันนุ่มนวลของหน้ากระดาษ
• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “ห้องสมุดมีทรัพยากรมากมาย”
• รายละเอียด: คอลเลกชันหนังสือมากมาย ฐานข้อมูลดิจิทัล ความช่วยเหลือด้านการวิจัย
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: กลิ่นของหนังสือเก่า แสงจากหน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์

ค. สถาปัตยกรรม

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “สถาปัตยกรรมของห้องสมุดสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ”
• รายละเอียด: เพดานสูง หน้าต่างบานใหญ่ ดีไซน์ทันสมัย
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: ความยิ่งใหญ่ของอาคาร ความสว่างของพื้นที่
• ทบทวนวิทยานิพนธ์: “บรรยากาศ ทรัพยากร และการออกแบบของห้องสมุดทำให้ห้องสมุดแห่งนี้เป็นสถานที่อ่านหนังสือในอุดมคติ”
• ความคิดปิดท้าย: “เป็นสถานที่ที่การเรียนรู้มีชีวิตชีวา”

2. ตัวอย่างโครงร่างเรียงความบรรยาย

การสร้างโครงร่างที่ชัดเจนสำหรับเรียงความเชิงเล่าเรื่องช่วยให้เรื่องราวของคุณได้รับการจัดระเบียบอย่างดีและน่าดึงดูด นี่คือตัวอย่างที่เน้นหัวข้อทางวิชาการมากขึ้น

โครงร่างตัวอย่าง: งานวิทยาศาสตร์ครั้งแรกของฉัน

• Hook: “ฉันจะไม่มีวันลืมความตื่นเต้นของงานวิทยาศาสตร์ครั้งแรกของฉัน”
• ข้อมูลความเป็นมา: บทนำโดยย่อเกี่ยวกับเหตุการณ์และความสำคัญของเหตุการณ์
• คำแถลงวิทยานิพนธ์: “การเข้าร่วมงานวิทยาศาสตร์ครั้งแรกทำให้ฉันได้รับบทเรียนอันมีค่าเกี่ยวกับความอุตสาหะ ความคิดสร้างสรรค์ และการทำงานเป็นทีม”

ก. การเตรียมตัวสำหรับงานแฟร์

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “การเตรียมพร้อมคือการเดินทางแห่งการค้นพบ”
• รายละเอียด: การเลือกโครงการ การวิจัย และการสร้างแบบจำลอง
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: กลิ่นของกาว ความรู้สึกของวัสดุทดลอง
• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “วันงานเต็มไปด้วยความตื่นเต้นและความกังวลใจ”
• รายละเอียด: การจัดเตรียมการจัดแสดง การนำเสนอต่อกรรมการ และการโต้ตอบกับผู้เข้าร่วมคนอื่นๆ
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: เสียงสนทนาที่ดังกระหึ่ม แสงไฟสว่างจ้า

C. ผลลัพธ์และการสะท้อนกลับ

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้สอนบทเรียนอันมีค่าแก่ฉัน”
• รายละเอียด : รอผล, รับผลตอบรับ, รับรางวัล
• คำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส: ความวิตกกังวลในการรอคอย ความสุขจากการได้รับการยอมรับ
• วิทยานิพนธ์ย้ำ: “ประสบการณ์งานวิทยาศาสตร์เป็นสิ่งที่น่าจดจำและให้ความรู้”
• ความคิดปิดท้าย: “มันจุดประกายความสนใจในด้านวิทยาศาสตร์และการเรียนรู้ตลอดชีวิต”

3. ตัวอย่างโครงร่างเรียงความเชิงอธิบาย

การสร้างโครงร่างที่ชัดเจนสำหรับ เรียงความอธิบาย ช่วยให้แน่ใจว่าเนื้อหาของคุณได้รับการจัดระเบียบอย่างดีและให้ข้อมูล นี่คือตัวอย่างที่เน้นหัวข้อทางวิชาการ

โครงร่างตัวอย่าง: ผลกระทบของโซเชียลมีเดียต่อวัยรุ่น

• Hook: “ในยุคดิจิทัลปัจจุบัน โซเชียลมีเดียกลายเป็นส่วนสำคัญในชีวิตวัยรุ่น”
• ข้อมูลความเป็นมา: บทนำโดยย่อเกี่ยวกับหัวข้อและความเกี่ยวข้อง
• คำแถลงวิทยานิพนธ์: “โซเชียลมีเดียมีอิทธิพลต่อปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม การเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง และผลการเรียนของวัยรุ่นทั้งในด้านบวกและด้านลบ”

ก. ปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “โซเชียลมีเดียส่งผลต่อวิธีที่วัยรุ่นโต้ตอบกับเพื่อนฝูง”
• รายละเอียด: วิธีการสื่อสาร ความกดดันจากเพื่อน การสร้างความสัมพันธ์
• ตัวอย่าง: แอปรับส่งข้อความ ชุมชนออนไลน์ อิทธิพลของเทรนด์

ข. ความนับถือตนเอง

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “โซเชียลมีเดียส่งผลต่อการรับรู้ของวัยรุ่นเกี่ยวกับตนเอง”
• รายละเอียด: การเปรียบเทียบ ลูปป้อนกลับ การแสดงออก
• ตัวอย่าง: การถูกใจ ความคิดเห็น ปัญหาเกี่ยวกับภาพร่างกาย

ค. ผลการเรียน

• ประโยคหัวข้อ: “การใช้โซเชียลมีเดียสามารถส่งผลต่อความสำเร็จทางวิชาการของวัยรุ่นได้”
• รายละเอียด: การรบกวน นิสัยการเรียน การเข้าถึงข้อมูล
• ตัวอย่าง: การผัดวันประกันพรุ่ง การวิจัยออนไลน์ และแหล่งข้อมูลทางการศึกษา
• ทบทวนวิทยานิพนธ์: “อิทธิพลของโซเชียลมีเดียต่อวัยรุ่นมีความซับซ้อน ส่งผลกระทบต่อปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม ความนับถือตนเอง และผลการเรียน”
• ความคิดปิดท้าย: “การทำความเข้าใจอิทธิพลเหล่านี้เป็นสิ่งสำคัญสำหรับการนำทางในโลกดิจิทัลอย่างมีความรับผิดชอบ”

คำถามที่พบบ่อย

เหตุใดฉันจึงต้องสร้างโครงร่างสำหรับเรียงความของฉัน.

คิดว่าโครงร่างเรียงความเป็นแผนงานของคุณ ช่วยให้คุณจัดระเบียบความคิดและให้แน่ใจว่าเรียงความของคุณดำเนินไปอย่างมีเหตุผลตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบ หากไม่มีโครงร่าง เรียงความของคุณอาจขาดโครงสร้างที่ชัดเจน ทำให้ผู้อ่านติดตามข้อโต้แย้งหรือเรื่องเล่าของคุณได้ยาก

ด้วยการวางแผนประเด็นหลักและรายละเอียดสนับสนุนล่วงหน้า คุณสามารถประหยัดเวลา รักษาสมาธิ และสร้างเรียงความที่มีโครงสร้างสอดคล้องกันและมีโครงสร้างที่ดี

สิ่งที่ควรรวมไว้ในโครงร่างเรียงความ?

โครงร่างเรียงความที่มีประสิทธิภาพมักประกอบด้วย:

• บทนำ: รวมเบ็ด ข้อมูลความเป็นมา และข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์
• ย่อหน้าเนื้อหา: แต่ละย่อหน้าควรเริ่มต้นด้วยประโยคหัวข้อ ตามด้วยรายละเอียด ตัวอย่าง และคำอธิบายทางประสาทสัมผัส หากมี
• สรุป: กล่าวซ้ำวิทยานิพนธ์และให้แนวคิดปิดท้ายที่ทิ้งความประทับใจไม่รู้ลืม

โครงสร้างนี้ช่วยให้แน่ใจว่าเรียงความของคุณได้รับการจัดระเบียบอย่างดีและครอบคลุมทุกแง่มุมที่จำเป็นของหัวข้อ ไม่ว่าคุณจะเขียนเรียงความ เรื่องเล่า หรืองานอธิบายที่โน้มน้าวใจ

โครงร่างสามารถช่วยฉันปรับปรุงข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ของฉันได้หรือไม่

อย่างแน่นอน! เมื่อคุณสร้างโครงร่าง คุณจะถูกบังคับให้ชี้แจงประเด็นหลักและวิธีที่ประเด็นเหล่านั้นสนับสนุนวิทยานิพนธ์ของคุณ กระบวนการนี้ช่วยให้คุณระบุข้อโต้แย้งหรือช่องว่างที่อ่อนแอในการค้นคว้าของคุณได้ตั้งแต่เนิ่นๆ การสรุปก่อนจะทำให้คุณมั่นใจได้ว่าข้อความวิทยานิพนธ์ของคุณมีความหนักแน่น มุ่งเน้น และสะท้อนแนวคิดที่คุณจะพัฒนาตลอดทั้งเรียงความ

แนวทางนี้ไม่เพียงแต่ช่วยเพิ่มความสอดคล้องกันในการเขียนของคุณ แต่ยังกำหนดทิศทางที่ชัดเจนสำหรับรายงานทั้งหมดของคุณด้วย

รับความช่วยเหลือเกี่ยวกับ Smodin AI: เครื่องมือสร้างโครงร่างของคุณ

พร้อมที่จะปรับปรุงกระบวนการเขียนเรียงความของคุณแล้วหรือยัง? Smodin AI เป็นสุดยอดผู้ช่วยวิจัย ผู้ร่วมเขียน และสร้างโครงร่างของคุณ ไม่ว่าคุณจะเขียนเรียงความ รายงานวิจัย หรืองานเขียนอื่นๆ Smodin AI นำเสนอเครื่องมืออันทรงพลังเพื่อยกระดับประสบการณ์การเขียนของคุณ

ด้วย Smodin AI คุณสามารถดำเนินการวิจัยที่ขับเคลื่อนด้วย AI เพื่อเข้าถึงข้อมูลที่ครอบคลุมและถูกต้องได้ทันที ซึ่งช่วยในกระบวนการวิจัยของคุณ สร้างเนื้อหาที่มีโครงสร้างสวยงามพร้อมการอ้างอิงในข้อความและการอ้างอิงที่จัดรูปแบบในรูปแบบ MLA หรือ APA ​​เพื่อให้มั่นใจว่างานของคุณตรงตามมาตรฐานทางวิชาการ

สัมผัสประสบการณ์ว่า Smodin AI สามารถยกระดับงานเขียนของคุณไปสู่อีกระดับได้อย่างไร ส่งเสริมกระบวนการเขียนของคุณด้วยเครื่องมืออันชาญฉลาดและคำแนะนำจากผู้เชี่ยวชาญ เริ่มต้นใช้งาน Smodin AI วันนี้และค้นพบความแตกต่างในคุณภาพการเขียนของคุณ

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How to Write a Hook- Steps With Examples

A hook in an essay or any piece of writing is like a fishing hook—it’s designed to grab your readers’ attention and draw them into the rest of your content. A well-crafted hook not only captures interest but also encourages readers to continue exploring what you have to say. If you’re unsure how to  write a hook that’s engaging, this article will provide you with effective tips for writing compelling openings, ensuring your engagement remains high.

What is a Hook?

A hook in writing is essentially a compelling sentence or paragraph that grabs the reader's attention from the very beginning. It sets the tone for the piece and entices readers to continue exploring what you have to say. To craft an effective hook, it needs to be engaging, informative, and suitable for the intended audience. This means it should capture interest, convey relevant information, and be appropriate for the reader's level and context. By focusing on relevance, audience, and cohesion, you can create a strong hook that not only draws readers in but also aligns with the main thesis and purpose of your writing.

6 Types of Essay Hooks

There are various types of hooks, each serving a different purpose and engaging the reader in unique ways.

Question Hook:

This type involves asking the reader a question that sparks their curiosity or gets them thinking.

For example:

"Have you ever watched the high-flying, jump shooting, slam dunking, ankle breaking players that play in the NBA?"

This question engages the reader by prompting them to visualize and think about the excitement of watching NBA players, setting the stage for a discussion about the thrill of the game.

Quotation Hook:

A quotation hook uses a relevant quote from a credible source to draw in the reader.

For instance:

"Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen,” said Michael Jordan.

This quote from a famous athlete underscores the theme of determination and hard work, immediately connecting the reader to the topic of achieving success through effort.

Statistic Hook:

This type employs surprising or impressive statistics to catch the reader's eye.

"Just 0.00545 percent of the 550,000 boys playing high school basketball each year in the United States become a first-round draft pick."

This statistic highlights the incredibly slim chances of making it to the NBA, intriguing the reader with the stark reality and setting up a deeper exploration of what it takes to succeed in professional sports.

Anecdotal Hook:

An anecdotal hook uses a short story to illustrate a point and connect with the reader on a personal level.

"When I was in high school, I remember playing in an AAU basketball league and seeing a boy who practiced relentlessly every morning. Years later, he was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers."

This story captivates the reader by providing a relatable and tangible example of dedication leading to success, making the topic more engaging and memorable.

Common Misconception Hook:

This type addresses a common misconception to grab the reader’s attention by challenging their existing beliefs.

"Many people believe that all professional athletes were naturally talented from a young age, but the truth is, most of them had to work incredibly hard to get where they are."

This hook piques the reader's interest by presenting surprising information that contradicts what they might think.

Rhetorical Statement Hook:

A rhetorical statement hook uses a bold statement or assertion to provoke thought or agreement.

"There's no shortcut to success in any field, including sports."

This kind of hook immediately sets a strong tone and encourages the reader to think about and agree with the statement, drawing them further into the essay.

How to Write a Hook [3 Steps with Examples]

Imagine yourself reading an article or an essay. Have you ever noticed that the first 2-3 lines set your entire mood? Either it looks interesting, or you might want to skip it. The same is true when someone reads your essay. This is why learning how to write a hook statement for an essay is crucial, and in this guide, I'll be sharing my process to help you write effective hook statements on your own.

I use a few simple steps for writing hook statements that help me craft an effective hook to engage readers and compel them to read further. Along with these steps, I also rely on writing tools, specifically WPS Office , which helps me significantly in writing a good hook. So, let's have a look at the process of learning how to write a hook for your essay, with a few examples.

1.Create an outline

First and foremost, you need to create an outline for your essay. This means your hook needs to be based on the information you plan to communicate through your essay. It's essential to lay the groundwork. Creating an outline helps you organize your thoughts and ensures your hook aligns perfectly with the rest of your essay.

Brainstorming:

To begin with your outline, start by brainstorming, where you can write down all the points you believe you can include in your essay. I usually carry out this step in WPS Writer, where I can type down all the important points I want to include in my essay. Additionally, if I find a few points on the internet, I can simply paste them into my WPS Writer document.

For example, let's say you're writing an essay about the impact of social media on mental health. Your main points might include:

The rise of social media usage

Positive effects on connectivity and community building

Negative impacts on self-esteem and anxiety

Strategies for healthy social media consumption

To further assist me in this process, I use WPS AI to help brainstorm ideas. A fresh perspective is always welcome, and when you're short on ideas, these suggestions can really enhance your essay.

Identify the Angle:

Once we have the main points, it's time to decide on the specific perspective or argument you want to present. This is where you'll start to shape your essay's unique voice. For instance, if your topic is social media, you might choose to focus on its double-edged nature, arguing that while it offers unprecedented connectivity, it also poses significant risks to mental well-being if not used mindfully.

Sketch the Structure:

With your main points and angle in mind, outline the basic structure of your essay. This doesn't need to be elaborate – a simple roadmap will do.

Your structure might look something like this:

Introduction (including your hook)

Brief history of social media's rise

Positive impacts on connectivity

Negative effects on mental health

Strategies for balanced use

Having this structure in place will help you craft a hook that seamlessly leads into the rest of your essay.

WPS AI can also assist in creating an outline. With a simple prompt, you can mention the details of your essay, and it will help you organize your main points and structure effectively.

2.Develop a Thesis

With your outline ready, it's time to develop your thesis statement. This is the core argument of your essay, and your hook should pave the way for it.

Be Clear and Specific:

Your thesis statement should clearly articulate your stance on the topic. Avoid ambiguous or uncertain statements. Focus on writing a precise and debatable assertion that provides a solid foundation for your argument.

For our social media essay, a strong thesis might be:

"While social media platforms have revolutionized communication and community-building, their unchecked use can significantly impact mental health, necessitating a balanced approach to digital engagement."

Ensure Relevance:

Make sure your thesis connects directly with the hook you plan to write. Your hook should intrigue readers about the argument you're going to make.

Keep it Focused:

Resist the temptation to cover everything in your thesis. A focused thesis is easier to argue effectively and helps keep your essay on track.

3.Write your Hook

Now for the exciting part – crafting your hook! Remember, the goal is to captivate your reader from the very first sentence. Let's look at some examples of different hook types we discussed earlier and break down why they work.

Example 1: The Question Hook

"Have you ever caught yourself mindlessly scrolling through your social media feed, only to look up and realize hours have passed?"

This hook works because it:

Directly engages the reader by asking a question

Relates to a common experience many readers can identify with

Introduces the topic of social media usage subtly

By posing this question, you're inviting readers to reflect on their own experiences, creating an immediate connection to your topic.

Example 2: The Statistic Hook

"In 2023, the average person spent 2 hours and 31 minutes per day on social media platforms – that's over 38 days a year scrolling, liking, and sharing."

This hook is effective because it:

Presents a surprising or shocking statistic

Immediately quantifies the impact of social media on our lives

Sets the stage for a discussion on the significance of social media use

Statistics like this grab attention by putting abstract concepts into concrete, relatable terms that can surprise or even shock your readers.

Example 3: The Anecdote Hook

"As I watched my teenage daughter burst into tears over a single Instagram post, I realized social media was no longer just a fun pastime – it had become a powerful force shaping her self-image and mental health."

This hook works well because it:

Tells a brief, relatable story

Evokes emotion and empathy

Introduces the theme of social media's impact on mental health through a personal lens

Personal stories can be powerful hooks, drawing readers in with emotional resonance and real-world relevance.

Example 4: The Quote Hook

"'We are creating and encouraging a culture of distraction where we are increasingly disconnected from the people and events around us,' warns technology ethicist Tristan Harris."

This hook is powerful because it:

Uses an expert's words to lend authority to your topic

Introduces a critical perspective on social media

Sets up a discussion on the broader implications of our digital habits

Quotes from experts can lend credibility to your essay right from the start, setting the tone for a well-researched discussion.

When writing your hook, consider your audience and the tone of your essay. Choose a hook style that aligns with your topic and engages your readers effectively. Don't be afraid to write several versions and ask for feedback – sometimes the perfect hook takes a few tries to get right.

And if you're still having trouble writing a perfect hook for your essay, you can try using WPS AI features like Improve Writing to craft more effective hooks. WPS AI will help ensure your hook reads well and communicates your message clearly to readers.

Bonus Tips: How to Polish your Hook with WPS AI

WPS Office is an excellent tool for anyone looking to enhance their writing. It's particularly useful as a writing companion, helping you refine your sentences, choose the right words, and correct errors. If you're struggling with writer's block, especially when trying to craft an engaging hook for your article, WPS Office can assist you in several ways.

Invoke the AI Writing Assistant:

This feature offers tailored suggestions for opening sentences or paragraphs that are designed to grab attention. It can help generate various types of hooks, such as intriguing questions, startling facts, or impactful quotes. By analyzing your topic and audience, the AI Writing Assistant provides options that resonate well, making it easier to start with a strong, engaging hook.

Request Feedback from the AI Chatbot:

The AI Chatbot reviews your initial draft and provides targeted feedback on your hook. It evaluates the effectiveness of your opening lines, suggesting ways to enhance their impact or refine your approach. Whether your hook needs more clarity, engagement, or relevance, the chatbot’s feedback helps you make necessary adjustments to ensure it captures and retains your readers' interest.

FAQs about Writing a Hook

1. why is it important to have a good essay hook.

A well-crafted essay hook is essential as it captures the reader's attention and motivates them to continue reading. Without a captivating hook, readers may lose interest and discontinue reading. An engaging hook ensures that the audience remains invested, thereby enhancing the likelihood of effectively conveying the essay's message.

2. What's the difference between a hook and a thesis?

A hook is a statement that captures the reader's attention and is positioned at the beginning of the introduction. A thesis explains the main point of the essay, paper, or other writing. Typically, a hook appears as the attention-grabbing opener, followed by additional sentences that connect it to the thesis, which presents the primary argument or premise of the writing.

3. How long is a hook?

A hook is typically one to two sentences long and appears at the beginning of the introduction. It should be brief and engaging to quickly capture the reader's attention and encourage them to continue reading.

Grab Your Audience Attention With The Help of WPS Office

As a writer, I often face challenges in writing something clever enough to grab readers' attention. That’s why I rely on WPS Office to help me on how to write a hook and its suite of tools to assist with my writing and content sharing. WPS Office offers a wealth of amazing tools and services that benefit everyone who uses them. I highly recommend downloading WPS Office to experience its powerful features for yourself.

• 1. How to Write an Argumentative Essay- Steps with Examples
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• 3. How to Write a Research Paper [Steps & Examples]
• 4. How to Write A thesis statement - Steps with Examples
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• 6. How to Write a Proposal [ Steps & Examples]

15 years of office industry experience, tech lover and copywriter. Follow me for product reviews, comparisons, and recommendations for new apps and software.