a += b
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a %= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a <<= b
a >>= b
++a
--a
a++
a--
+a
-a
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b
~a
a & b
a | b
a ^ b
a << b
a >> b
!a
a && b
a || b
a == b
a != b
a < b
a > b
a <= b
a >= b
a[b]
*a
&a
a->b
a.b
a(...)
a, b
(type) a
a ? b : c
sizeof
_Alignof
(since C11)
for Assignment operators |
What is an assignment operator in c.
Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. They come under the category of binary operators as they require two operands to operate upon. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=". The value on the right side must be of the same data type as the variable on the left side. Hence, the associativity is from right to left.
In this C tutorial , we'll understand the types of C programming assignment operators with examples. To delve deeper you can enroll in our C Programming Course .
Before going in-depth about assignment operators you must know about operators in C. If you haven't visited the Operators in C tutorial, refer to Operators in C: Types of Operators .
There are two types of assignment operators in C:
+= | addition assignment | It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
-= | subtraction assignment | It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
*= | multiplication assignment | It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand |
/= | division assignment | It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
%= | modulo assignment | It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. |
There can be five combinations of bitwise operators with the assignment operator, "=". Let's look at them one by one.
&= | bitwise AND assignment | It performs the bitwise AND operation on the variable with the value on the right |
|= | bitwise OR assignment | It performs the bitwise OR operation on the variable with the value on the right |
^= | bitwise XOR assignment | It performs the bitwise XOR operation on the variable with the value on the right |
<<= | bitwise left shift assignment | Shifts the bits of the variable to the left by the value on the right |
>>= | bitwise right shift assignment | Shifts the bits of the variable to the right by the value on the right |
Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code.
The correct answer is 52. x starts at 50, increases by 5 to 55, then decreases by 3 to 52.
The correct answer is 144. After right-shifting 73 (binary 1001001) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 144 (binary 10010000).
While performing arithmetic operations with the same variable, use compound assignment operators
When mixing assignments with other operations, use parentheses to ensure the correct order of evaluation.
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The assignment ( = ) operator is used to assign a value to a variable or property. The assignment expression itself has a value, which is the assigned value. This allows multiple assignments to be chained in order to assign a single value to multiple variables.
A valid assignment target, including an identifier or a property accessor . It can also be a destructuring assignment pattern .
An expression specifying the value to be assigned to x .
The value of y .
Thrown in strict mode if assigning to an identifier that is not declared in the scope.
Thrown in strict mode if assigning to a property that is not modifiable .
The assignment operator is completely different from the equals ( = ) sign used as syntactic separators in other locations, which include:
All these places accept an assignment expression on the right-hand side of the = , so if you have multiple equals signs chained together:
This is equivalent to:
Which means y must be a pre-existing variable, and x is a newly declared const variable. y is assigned the value 5 , and x is initialized with the value of the y = 5 expression, which is also 5 . If y is not a pre-existing variable, a global variable y is implicitly created in non-strict mode , or a ReferenceError is thrown in strict mode. To declare two variables within the same declaration, use:
Value of assignment expressions.
The assignment expression itself evaluates to the value of the right-hand side, so you can log the value and assign to a variable at the same time.
The global object sits at the top of the scope chain. When attempting to resolve a name to a value, the scope chain is searched. This means that properties on the global object are conveniently visible from every scope, without having to qualify the names with globalThis. or window. or global. .
Because the global object has a String property ( Object.hasOwn(globalThis, "String") ), you can use the following code:
So the global object will ultimately be searched for unqualified identifiers. You don't have to type globalThis.String ; you can just type the unqualified String . To make this feature more conceptually consistent, assignment to unqualified identifiers will assume you want to create a property with that name on the global object (with globalThis. omitted), if there is no variable of the same name declared in the scope chain.
In strict mode , assignment to an unqualified identifier in strict mode will result in a ReferenceError , to avoid the accidental creation of properties on the global object.
Note that the implication of the above is that, contrary to popular misinformation, JavaScript does not have implicit or undeclared variables. It just conflates the global object with the global scope and allows omitting the global object qualifier during property creation.
The left-hand side of can also be an assignment pattern. This allows assigning to multiple variables at once.
For more information, see Destructuring assignment .
Specification |
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In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.
The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.
In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.
The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −
Operator | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
= | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand | C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C |
+= | Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
-= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A |
*= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
/= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
%= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
<<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
>>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
&= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
^= | Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
|= | Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.
You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.
You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.
Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.
In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.
On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.
Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −
In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.
For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".
Run the code and check its output −
Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".
Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −
When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −
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Assignment operators assign values to JavaScript variables.
Operator | Example | Same As |
---|---|---|
= | x = y | x = y |
+= | x += y | x = x + y |
-= | x -= y | x = x - y |
*= | x *= y | x = x * y |
/= | x /= y | x = x / y |
%= | x %= y | x = x % y |
**= | x **= y | x = x ** y |
Operator | Example | Same As |
---|---|---|
<<= | x <<= y | x = x << y |
>>= | x >>= y | x = x >> y |
>>>= | x >>>= y | x = x >>> y |
Operator | Example | Same As |
---|---|---|
&= | x &= y | x = x & y |
^= | x ^= y | x = x ^ y |
|= | x |= y | x = x | y |
Operator | Example | Same As |
---|---|---|
&&= | x &&= y | x = x && (x = y) |
||= | x ||= y | x = x || (x = y) |
??= | x ??= y | x = x ?? (x = y) |
The Simple Assignment Operator assigns a value to a variable.
The += operator.
The Addition Assignment Operator adds a value to a variable.
The -= operator.
The Subtraction Assignment Operator subtracts a value from a variable.
The *= operator.
The Multiplication Assignment Operator multiplies a variable.
The **= operator.
The Exponentiation Assignment Operator raises a variable to the power of the operand.
The /= operator.
The Division Assignment Operator divides a variable.
The %= operator.
The Remainder Assignment Operator assigns a remainder to a variable.
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The Left Shift Assignment Operator left shifts a variable.
The >>= operator.
The Right Shift Assignment Operator right shifts a variable (signed).
The >>>= operator.
The Unsigned Right Shift Assignment Operator right shifts a variable (unsigned).
The &= operator.
The Bitwise AND Assignment Operator does a bitwise AND operation on two operands and assigns the result to the the variable.
The |= operator.
The Bitwise OR Assignment Operator does a bitwise OR operation on two operands and assigns the result to the variable.
The ^= operator.
The Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator does a bitwise XOR operation on two operands and assigns the result to the variable.
The &&= operator.
The Logical AND assignment operator is used between two values.
If the first value is true, the second value is assigned.
The &&= operator is an ES2020 feature .
The Logical OR assignment operator is used between two values.
If the first value is false, the second value is assigned.
The ||= operator is an ES2020 feature .
The Nullish coalescing assignment operator is used between two values.
If the first value is undefined or null, the second value is assigned.
The ??= operator is an ES2020 feature .
Use the correct assignment operator that will result in x being 15 (same as x = x + y ).
Start the Exercise
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Assignment operator in python.
Last Updated on June 8, 2023 by Prepbytes
To fully comprehend the assignment operators in Python, it is important to have a basic understanding of what operators are. Operators are utilized to carry out a variety of operations, including mathematical, bitwise, and logical operations, among others, by connecting operands. Operands are the values that are acted upon by operators. In Python, the assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable. The assignment operator is represented by the equals sign (=), and it is the most commonly used operator in Python. In this article, we will explore the assignment operator in Python, how it works, and its different types.
The assignment operator in Python is used to assign a value to a variable. The assignment operator is represented by the equals sign (=), and it is used to assign a value to a variable. When an assignment operator is used, the value on the right-hand side is assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. This is a fundamental operation in programming, as it allows developers to store data in variables that can be used throughout their code.
For example, consider the following line of code:
Explanation: In this case, the value 10 is assigned to the variable a using the assignment operator. The variable a now holds the value 10, and this value can be used in other parts of the code. This simple example illustrates the basic usage and importance of assignment operators in Python programming.
There are several types of assignment operator in Python that are used to perform different operations. Let’s explore each type of assignment operator in Python in detail with the help of some code examples.
The simple assignment operator is the most commonly used operator in Python. It is used to assign a value to a variable. The syntax for the simple assignment operator is:
Here, the value on the right-hand side of the equals sign is assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value 25 is assigned to the variable a using the simple assignment operator. The variable a now holds the value 25.
The addition assignment operator is used to add a value to a variable and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the addition assignment operator is:
Here, the value on the right-hand side is added to the variable on the left-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is incremented by 5 using the addition assignment operator. The result, 15, is then printed to the console.
The subtraction assignment operator is used to subtract a value from a variable and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the subtraction assignment operator is
Here, the value on the right-hand side is subtracted from the variable on the left-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is decremented by 5 using the subtraction assignment operator. The result, 5, is then printed to the console.
The multiplication assignment operator is used to multiply a variable by a value and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the multiplication assignment operator is:
Here, the value on the right-hand side is multiplied by the variable on the left-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is multiplied by 5 using the multiplication assignment operator. The result, 50, is then printed to the console.
The division assignment operator is used to divide a variable by a value and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the division assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is divided by the value on the right-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is divided by 5 using the division assignment operator. The result, 2.0, is then printed to the console.
The modulus assignment operator is used to find the remainder of the division of a variable by a value and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the modulus assignment operator is
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is divided by the value on the right-hand side, and the remainder is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is divided by 3 using the modulus assignment operator. The remainder, 1, is then printed to the console.
The floor division assignment operator is used to divide a variable by a value and round the result down to the nearest integer, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the floor division assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is divided by the value on the right-hand side, and the result is rounded down to the nearest integer. The rounded result is then stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is divided by 3 using the floor division assignment operator. The result, 3, is then printed to the console.
The exponentiation assignment operator is used to raise a variable to the power of a value and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the exponentiation assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is raised to the power of the value on the right-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is raised to the power of 3 using the exponentiation assignment operator. The result, 8, is then printed to the console.
The bitwise AND assignment operator is used to perform a bitwise AND operation on the binary representation of a variable and a value, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the bitwise AND assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is ANDed with the value on the right-hand side using the bitwise AND operator, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example,
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is ANDed with 3 using the bitwise AND assignment operator. The result, 2, is then printed to the console.
The bitwise OR assignment operator is used to perform a bitwise OR operation on the binary representation of a variable and a value, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the bitwise OR assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is ORed with the value on the right-hand side using the bitwise OR operator, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example,
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is ORed with 3 using the bitwise OR assignment operator. The result, 7, is then printed to the console.
The bitwise XOR assignment operator is used to perform a bitwise XOR operation on the binary representation of a variable and a value, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the bitwise XOR assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side is XORed with the value on the right-hand side using the bitwise XOR operator, and the result are stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example,
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is XORed with 3 using the bitwise XOR assignment operator. The result, 5, is then printed to the console.
The bitwise right shift assignment operator is used to shift the bits of a variable to the right by a specified number of positions, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the bitwise right shift assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side has its bits shifted to the right by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example,
Explanation: In this case, the value of a is shifted 2 positions to the right using the bitwise right shift assignment operator. The result, 2, is then printed to the console.
The bitwise left shift assignment operator is used to shift the bits of a variable to the left by a specified number of positions, and store the result in the same variable. The syntax for the bitwise left shift assignment operator is:
Here, the variable on the left-hand side has its bits shifted to the left by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side, and the result is stored back in the variable on the left-hand side. For example,
Conclusion Assignment operator in Python is used to assign values to variables, and it comes in different types. The simple assignment operator (=) assigns a value to a variable. The augmented assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, |=, ^=, >>=, <<=) perform a specified operation and assign the result to the same variable in one step. The modulus assignment operator (%) calculates the remainder of a division operation and assigns the result to the same variable. The bitwise assignment operators (&=, |=, ^=, >>=, <<=) perform bitwise operations and assign the result to the same variable. The bitwise right shift assignment operator (>>=) shifts the bits of a variable to the right by a specified number of positions and stores the result in the same variable. The bitwise left shift assignment operator (<<=) shifts the bits of a variable to the left by a specified number of positions and stores the result in the same variable. These operators are useful in simplifying and shortening code that involves assigning and manipulating values in a single step.
Here are some Frequently Asked Questions on Assignment Operator in Python:
Q1 – Can I use the assignment operator to assign multiple values to multiple variables at once? Ans – Yes, you can use the assignment operator to assign multiple values to multiple variables at once, separated by commas. For example, "x, y, z = 1, 2, 3" would assign the value 1 to x, 2 to y, and 3 to z.
Q2 – Is it possible to chain assignment operators in Python? Ans – Yes, you can chain assignment operators in Python to perform multiple operations in one line of code. For example, "x = y = z = 1" would assign the value 1 to all three variables.
Q3 – How do I perform a conditional assignment in Python? Ans – To perform a conditional assignment in Python, you can use the ternary operator. For example, "x = a (if a > b) else b" would assign the value of a to x if a is greater than b, otherwise it would assign the value of b to x.
Q4 – What happens if I use an undefined variable in an assignment operation in Python? Ans – If you use an undefined variable in an assignment operation in Python, you will get a NameError. Make sure you have defined the variable before trying to assign a value to it.
Q5 – Can I use assignment operators with non-numeric data types in Python? Ans – Yes, you can use assignment operators with non-numeric data types in Python, such as strings or lists. For example, "my_list += [4, 5, 6]" would append the values 4, 5, and 6 to the end of the list named my_list.
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Operators in programming are essential symbols that perform operations on variables and values , enabling tasks like arithmetic calculations, logical comparisons, and bitwise manipulations. In this article, we will learn about the basics of operators and their types.
Operators in Programming
Table of Content
Operators in programming are symbols or keywords that represent computations or actions performed on operands. Operands can be variables , constants , or values , and the combination of operators and operands form expressions. Operators play a crucial role in performing various tasks, such as arithmetic calculations, logical comparisons, bitwise operations, etc.
Operator Symbol | Name | Type | Description | Use |
---|---|---|---|---|
+ | Addition | Arithmetic Operators | Adds two values | result = num1 + num2; |
– | Subtraction | Subtracts the right operand from the left | result = num1 – num2; | |
* | Multiplication | Multiplies two values | result = num1 * num2; | |
/ | Division | Divides the left operand by the right | result = num1 / num2; | |
% | Modulus | Returns the remainder of division | result = num1 % num2; | |
++ | Increment | Unary Operators | Increases the value of a variable by 1 | num++; or ++num; |
— | Decrement | Decreases the value of a variable by 1 | num–; or –num; | |
= | Assignment | Assignment Operators | Assigns a value to a variable | x = 10; |
+= | Add and Assign | Adds the right operand to the left and assigns | x += 5; (equivalent to x = x + 5;) | |
-= | Subtract and Assign | Subtracts the right operand and assigns | x -= 3; (equivalent to x = x – 3;) | |
*= | Multiply and Assign | Multiplies the right operand and assigns | x *= 2; (equivalent to x = x * 2;) | |
/= | Divide and Assign | Divides the left operand and assigns | x /= 4; (equivalent to x = x / 4;) | |
%= | Modulus and Assign | Computes modulus and assigns | x %= 3; (equivalent to x = x % 3;) | |
== | Equal to | Relational or Comparison Operators | Tests if two values are equal | if (a == b) |
!= | Not Equal to | Tests if two values are not equal | if (a != b) | |
< | Less Than | Tests if the left value is less than the right | if (a < b) | |
> | Greater Than | Tests if the left value is greater than right | if (a > b) | |
<= | Less Than or Equal To | Tests if the left value is less than or equal | if (a <= b) | |
>= | Greater Than or Equal To | Tests if the left value is greater than or equal | if (a >= b) | |
&& | Logical AND | Logical Operators | Returns true if both operands are true | if (a && b) |
|| | Logical OR | |||
! | Logical NOT | Reverses the logical state of its operand | if (!condition) | |
& | Bitwise AND | Bitwise Operators | Performs bitwise AND on individual bits | result = a & b; |
` | Bitwise OR | Performs bitwise OR on individual bits | ||
^ | Bitwise XOR | Performs bitwise XOR on individual bits | result = a ^ b; | |
~ | Bitwise NOT | Inverts the bits of its operand | result = ~a; | |
<< | Left Shift | Shifts bits to the left | result = a << 2; | |
>> | Right Shift | Shifts bits to the right | result = a >> 1; | |
?: | Conditional (Ternary) | Conditional Operator | Evaluates a condition and returns one of two values | result = (condition) ? value1 : value2; |
Here are some common types of operators:
These operators provide the building blocks for creating complex expressions and performing diverse operations in programming languages. Understanding their usage is crucial for writing efficient and expressive code.
Arithmetic operators in programming are fundamental components of programming languages, enabling the manipulation of numeric values for various computational tasks. Here’s an elaboration on the key arithmetic operators:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
+ (Addition) | Combines two numeric values, yielding their sum. | (result will be 8) |
– (Subtraction) | Subtracts the right operand from the left operand. | (difference will be 6) |
* (Multiplication) | Multiplies two numeric values, producing their product. | (product will be 21) |
/ (Division) | Divides the left operand by the right operand, producing a quotient. | (quotient will be 5) |
% (Modulo) | Returns the remainder after the division of the left operand by the right operand. | (remainder will be 1) |
Comparison operators in programming are used to compare two values or expressions and return a Boolean result indicating the relationship between them. These operators play a crucial role in decision-making and conditional statements. Here are the common comparison operators:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
== (Equal to) | Checks if the values on both sides are equal. | (evaluates to true) |
!= (Not equal to) | Checks if the values on both sides are not equal. | (evaluates to true) |
< (Less than) | Tests if the value on the left is less than the value on the right. | (evaluates to true) |
> (Greater than) | Tests if the value on the left is greater than the value on the right. | (evaluates to true) |
<= (Less than or equal to) | Checks if the value on the left is less than or equal to the value on the right. | (evaluates to true) |
>= (Greater than or equal to) | Checks if the value on the left is greater than or equal to the value on the right. | (evaluates to true) |
These operators are extensively used in conditional statements, loops, and decision-making constructs to control the flow of a program based on the relationship between variables or values. Understanding comparison operators is crucial for creating logical and effective algorithms in programming.
Logical operators in programming are used to perform logical operations on Boolean values . These operators are crucial for combining or manipulating conditions and controlling the flow of a program based on logical expressions. Here are the common logical operators:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
&& (Logical AND) | Returns true if both operands are true; otherwise, it returns false. | (evaluates to false) |
(||) Logical OR | Returns true if at least one of the operands is true; otherwise, it returns false | true || false; (evaluates to true) |
! (Logical NOT) | Returns true if the operand is false and vice versa; it negates the Boolean value. | (evaluates to false) |
These logical operators are frequently used in conditional statements (if, else if, else), loops, and decision-making constructs to create complex conditions based on multiple Boolean expressions. Understanding how to use logical operators is essential for designing effective and readable control flow in programming.
Assignment operators in programming are used to assign values to variables. They are essential for storing and updating data within a program. Here are common assignment operators:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
= (Assignment) | Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left. | assigns the value 10 to the variable x. |
+= (Addition Assignment) | Adds the value on the right to the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable. | is equivalent to |
-= (Subtraction Assignment) | Subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable. | is equivalent to |
*= (Multiplication Assignment) | Multiplies the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable. | is equivalent to |
/= (Division Assignment) | Divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable. | is equivalent to |
%= (Modulo Assignment) | Calculates the modulo of the current value of the variable on the left and the value on the right, then assigns the result to the variable. | is equivalent to |
Assignment operators are fundamental for updating variable values, especially in loops and mathematical computations, contributing to the dynamic nature of programming. Understanding how to use assignment operators is essential for effective variable manipulation in a program.
Increment and decrement operators in programming are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1, respectively. They are shorthand notations for common operations and are particularly useful in loops. Here are the two types:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
++ (Increment) | Increases the value of a variable by 1. | is equivalent to or |
— (Decrement) | Decreases the value of a variable by 1. | is equivalent to or |
These operators are frequently employed in loops, especially for iterating through arrays or performing repetitive tasks. Their concise syntax enhances code readability and expressiveness.
Bitwise operators in programming perform operations at the bit level , manipulating individual bits of binary representations of numbers. These operators are often used in low-level programming, such as embedded systems and device drivers. Here are the common bitwise operators:
Operator | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|
& (Bitwise AND) | Performs a bitwise AND operation between corresponding bits of two operands. | sets each bit to 1 if both corresponding bits in A and B are 1. |
| (Bitwise OR) | Performs a bitwise OR operation between corresponding bits of two operands. | A | B sets each bit to 1 if at least one corresponding bit in A or B is 1. |
^ (Bitwise XOR) | Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation between corresponding bits of two operands. | sets each bit to 1 if the corresponding bits in A and B are different. |
~ (Bitwise NOT) | Inverts the bits of a single operand, turning 0s to 1s and vice versa. | inverts all bits of A. |
<< (Left Shift) | Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by a specified number of positions. | shifts the bits of A two positions to the left. |
>> (Right Shift) | Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by a specified number of positions. | shifts the bits of A three positions to the right. |
Bitwise operators are useful in scenarios where direct manipulation of binary representations or specific bit patterns is required, such as optimizing certain algorithms or working with hardware interfaces. Understanding bitwise operations is essential for low-level programming tasks.
Operator Precedence is a rule that determines the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression. It defines which operators take precedence over others when they are combined in the same expression. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with lower precedence. Parentheses can be used to override the default precedence and explicitly specify the order of evaluation.
Operator Associativity is a rule that determines the grouping of operators with the same precedence in an expression when they appear consecutively. It specifies the direction in which operators of equal precedence are evaluated. The two common associativities are:
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | () | Parentheses | Left-to-Right |
x++, x– | Postfix increment, decrement | ||
2 | ++x, –x | Prefix increment, decrement | Right-to-Left |
‘+’ , ‘-‘ | Unary plus, minus | ||
! , ~ | Logical NOT, Bitwise complement | ||
* | Dereference Operator | ||
& | Addressof Operator | ||
3 | *, /, % | Multiplication, division, modulus | Left-to-Right |
4 | +, – | Addition, subtraction | Left-to-Right |
5 | << , >> | Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift right | Left-to-Right |
6 | < , <= | Relational less than, less than or equal to | Left-to-Right |
> , >= | Relational greater than, greater than or equal to | ||
7 | == , != | Relational is equal to, is not equal to | Left-to-Right |
8 | & | Bitwise AND | Left-to-Right |
9 | ^ | Bitwise XOR | Left-to-Right |
10 | | | Bitwise OR | Left-to-Right |
11 | && | Logical AND | Left-to-Right |
12 | || | Logical OR | Left-to-Right |
13 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
14 | = | Assignment | Right-to-Left |
+= , -= | Addition, subtraction assignment | ||
*= , /= | Multiplication, division assignment | ||
%= , &= | Modulus, bitwise AND assignment | ||
^= , |= | Bitwise exclusive, inclusive OR assignment | ||
<<=, >>= | Bitwise shift left, right assignment | ||
15 | , | comma (expression separator) | Left-to-Right |
Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to programming operators:
A: Operators in programming are symbols that represent computations or actions to be performed on operands. They can manipulate data, perform calculations, and facilitate various operations in a program.
A: Operators are categorized based on their functionality. Common categories include arithmetic operators (for mathematical operations), assignment operators (for assigning values), comparison operators (for comparing values), logical operators (for logical operations), and bitwise operators (for manipulating individual bits).
A: Unary operators operate on a single operand, while binary operators operate on two operands. For example, the unary minus -x negates the value of x , while the binary plus a + b adds the values of a and b .
A: Yes, some programming languages support operator overloading, allowing developers to define custom behaviors for operators when applied to user-defined types. This is commonly seen in languages like C++.
A: The logical AND ( && ) operator returns true if both of its operands are true. The logical OR ( || ) operator returns true if at least one of its operands is true. These operators are often used in conditional statements and expressions.
A: The ternary operator is a shorthand for an if-else statement. It evaluates a condition and returns one of two values based on whether the condition is true or false. It is often used for concise conditional assignments.
A: The bitwise XOR ( ^ ) operator performs an exclusive OR operation on individual bits. It returns 1 for bits that are different and 0 for bits that are the same. This operator is commonly used in bit manipulation tasks.
A: The = operator is an assignment operator used to assign a value to a variable. The == operator is a comparison operator used to check if two values are equal. It is important not to confuse the two, as = is used for assignment, and == is used for comparison.
A: The increment ( ++ ) operator adds 1 to the value of a variable, while the decrement ( -- ) operator subtracts 1. These operators can be used as prefix ( ++x ) or postfix ( x++ ), affecting the order of the increment or decrement operation.
A: While many operators are common across programming languages, some languages may introduce unique operators or have variations in their behavior. However, the fundamental concepts of arithmetic, logical, and bitwise operations are prevalent across various languages.
A: The modulus operator ( % ) returns the remainder when one number is divided by another. It is often used to check divisibility or to cycle through a sequence of values. For example, a % 2 can be used to determine if a is an even or odd number.
A: Yes, the same symbol may represent different operators or operations in different programming languages. For example, the + operator is used for addition in most languages, but in some languages (like JavaScript), it is also used for string concatenation.
A: Short-circuit evaluation is a behavior where the second operand of a logical AND ( && ) or logical OR ( || ) operator is not evaluated if the outcome can be determined by the value of the first operand alone. This can lead to more efficient code execution.
A: The bitwise left shift ( << ) operator shifts the bits of a binary number to the left, effectively multiplying the number by 2. The bitwise right shift ( >> ) operator shifts the bits to the right, effectively dividing the number by 2.
A: Operator precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated. For example, in the expression a + b * c , the multiplication ( * ) has higher precedence than addition ( + ), so b * c is evaluated first.
A: The ternary operator ( ?: ) is a concise way to express a conditional statement with a single line of code. It returns one of two values based on a condition. An if-else statement provides a more extensive code block for handling multiple statements based on a condition.
A: Some programming languages provide specific operators or methods for working with arrays or collections. For example, in Python, the in operator is used to check if an element is present in a list.
A: Bitwise operators are often used for efficient memory management by manipulating individual bits. For example, bitwise AND can be used to mask specific bits, and bitwise OR can be used to set particular bits.
A: No, not all programming languages support operator overloading. While some languages like C++ allow developers to redefine the behavior of operators for user-defined types, others, like Java, do not permit operator overloading.
A: Parentheses are used to explicitly specify the order of operations in complex expressions, ensuring that certain operations are performed before others. For example, (a + b) * c ensures that addition is performed before multiplication.
In conclusion, operators in programming are essential tools that enable the manipulation, comparison, and logical operations on variables and values. They form the building blocks of expressions and play a fundamental role in controlling program flow, making decisions, and performing calculations. From arithmetic and comparison operators for numerical tasks to logical operators for decision-making, and bitwise operators for low-level bit manipulation, each type serves specific purposes in diverse programming scenarios.
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If I using ternary operator to assign an Object variable with Double or Integer value, it being casted to double for some reason.
No matter what I do with order and condition of ternary operator parameters, it still be Double for some reason. Here's few examples:
As you can see in the last example I've tried to use valueOf instead of parse* , which returns non-primitive types (so no reason to cast them to assign an Object var???), but result still be the same. The question is why java casting value exactly to Double, when it's definitely not relying on parameters order, which of those are chosen, and need of casting?
The type returned by the conditional operator is determined by the Java Specification depending on the second and third operands' types.
In your first and third case the second operand is an int , the third a double . If you look at Table 15.25-B. Conditional expression type (Primitive 3rd operand, Part II) in the linked spec, the result of such a conditional operation is defined as bnp(int,double) , which means it applies binary numeric promotion of an int result to double that then gets autoboxed to a Double since you're assigning the result to an Object .
In your second and fourth case we have a Integer and a Double . Table 15.25-D. Conditional expression type (Reference 3rd operand, Part II) tells us that the return type is bnp(Integer,Double) so, again, a Double .
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Assignment operators are used in programming to assign values to variables. We use an assignment operator to store and update data within a program. They enable programmers to store data in variables and manipulate that data. The most common assignment operator is the equals sign (=), which assigns the value on the right side of the operator to ...
The assignment operator = assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable, a property, or an indexer element given by its left-hand operand. The result of an assignment expression is the value assigned to the left-hand operand. The type of the right-hand operand must be the same as the type of the left-hand operand or implicitly ...
Assignment ( =) is used to assign a value to a variable. Equality ( ==) is used to test whether two operands are equal in value. Initialization. One downside of assignment is that it requires at least two statements: one to define the variable, and another to assign the value. These two steps can be combined.
Different types of assignment operators are shown below: 1. "=": This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example: a = 10; b = 20; ch = 'y'; 2. "+=": This operator is combination of '+' and '=' operators. This operator first adds the current ...
To create a new variable or to update the value of an existing one in Python, you'll use an assignment statement. This statement has the following three components: A left operand, which must be a variable. The assignment operator ( =) A right operand, which can be a concrete value, an object, or an expression.
for assignments to class type objects, the right operand could be an initializer list only when the assignment is defined by a user-defined assignment operator. removed user-defined assignment constraint. CWG 1538. C++11. E1 ={E2} was equivalent to E1 = T(E2) ( T is the type of E1 ), this introduced a C-style cast. it is equivalent to E1 = T{E2}
In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other ...
Assignment Operator. The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol.
Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs . Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non ...
Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. They come under the category of binary operators as they require two operands to operate upon. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=".
Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. In the example below, we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x: Example. int x = 10;
Assignment (=) The assignment ( =) operator is used to assign a value to a variable or property. The assignment expression itself has a value, which is the assigned value. This allows multiple assignments to be chained in order to assign a single value to multiple variables.
Assignment operators are used to assign value to a variable. The left side of an assignment operator is a variable and on the right side, there is a value, variable, or an expression. It computes the outcome of the right side and assign the output to the variable present on the left side. C supports following Assignment operators: 1. Simple ...
The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the "=" symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C. In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators. The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −
The operators <- and = assign into the environment in which they are evaluated. The operator <- can be used anywhere, whereas the operator = is only allowed at the top level (e.g., in the complete expression typed at the command prompt) or as one of the subexpressions in a braced list of expressions.
Python Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables: Operator. Example. Same As. Try it. =. x = 5. x = 5.
This is made to assign a default value, in this case the value of y, if the x variable is falsy. The boolean operators in JavaScript can return an operand, and not always a boolean result as in other languages. The Logical OR operator ( ||) returns the value of its second operand, if the first one is falsy, otherwise the value of the first ...
variable operator value; Types of Assignment Operators in Java. The Assignment Operator is generally of two types. They are: 1. Simple Assignment Operator: The Simple Assignment Operator is used with the "=" sign where the left side consists of the operand and the right side consists of a value. The value of the right side must be of the same data type that has been defined on the left side.
Use the correct assignment operator that will result in x being 15 (same as x = x + y ). Start the Exercise. Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.
The assignment operator is represented by the equals sign (=), and it is used to assign a value to a variable. When an assignment operator is used, the value on the right-hand side is assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. This is a fundamental operation in programming, as it allows developers to store data in variables that can be ...
An assignment operator is an operator that is used to assign some value to a variable. Like normally in Python, we write "a = 5" to assign value 5 to variable 'a'. Augmented assignment operators have a special role to play in Python programming. It basically combines the functioning of the arithmetic or bitwise operator with the assignment operator
"To avoid accidental misuse of a variable, it is usually a good idea to introduce the variable into the smallest scope possible. In particular, it is usually best to delay the definition of a variable until one can give it an initial value ... One of the most elegant applications of these two principles is to declare a variable in a conditional."
A: The = operator is an assignment operator used to assign a value to a variable. The == operator is a comparison operator used to check if two values are equal. It is important not to confuse the two, as = is used for assignment, and == is used for comparison.
The type returned by the conditional operator is determined by the Java Specification depending on the second and third operands' types.. In your first and third case the second operand is an int, the third a double.If you look at Table 15.25-B. Conditional expression type (Primitive 3rd operand, Part II) in the linked spec, the result of such a conditional operation is defined as bnp(int ...