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Literature Review Generator by AHelp

Features of Our Literature Review Generator

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Rrl generator – your friend in academic writing.

Literature reviews can be tricky. They require your full attention and dedication, leaving no place for distractions. And with so many assignments on your hands, it must be very hard to concentrate just on this one thing.

No need to worry though. With our RRL AI Generator creating any type of paper that requires scrupulous literature will be as easy as it gets.

How to Work With Literature Review Generator

We designed our platform in a way that wouldn’t require you to spend much time figuring out how to work with it. What you have to do is just specify your topic, the subject of your literature review, and any further instructions on the style, formatting, and structure. After that you enter the number of pages you need to be written and, if there’s a requirement for that, formatting style. Wait for around 2 minutes and that’s all – our AI will give you the paper crafted according to your specifications.

What Makes AI Literature Review Generator Special

You are probably wondering how our AI bot is better than basically any other AI-powered solution you can find online. Well, we won’t say that our tool is a magical service that can do everything better. To be fair, as any AI it is not yet ideal. Still, our platform is more tailored to academic writing than most of the other bots. With its help, you can not just simply produce text, but also receive a paper with sources and properly organized formatting. This makes it a perfect match for those who specifically need help with tough papers, such as literature reviews, research abstracts, and analysis essays.

Why Use the Free Online Literature Review Generator 

With our Free Online Literature Review you will be able to finish your literature review assignments in just a few minutes. This will allow you to dedicate your free time to a) proofreading, and b) finishing or starting on more important tasks and projects. This tool can also help you understand the direction of your work, its structure, and possible sources you can use. In general, it is a more efficient way of doing your homework and organizing the writing process that can help you get better grades and improve your writing skills.

Free Literature Review Generator

Is there a free AI tool for literature review?

Yes, of course, some tools will help you with your literature review. One of the great solutions is the AHelp Literature Review Generator. It offers a quick and simple work process, where you can specify all the requirements for your paper, and then receive a fully completed task in just 2 minutes. It is a specially fitting service for those looking for a budget-friendly tool.

How to create a literature review?

Crafting a literature review calls for a systematic approach to examining existing scholarly work on a specific topic. Thus, start by defining a clear research question or thesis statement to guide your focus. Conduct a thorough search of relevant databases and academic journals to gather sources that address your topic. Read and analyze these sources, noting key themes, methodologies, and conclusions. Organize the literature by themes or methods, and synthesize the findings to provide a critical overview of the existing research. Your review should give context to the research within the field, noting areas of consensus, debate, and gaps in knowledge. Finally, write your literature review, integrating your analysis with your thesis statement, providing a clear and structured narrative that offers insights into the research topic.

Can I write a literature review in 5 days?

It is possible to write a literature review in 5 days, but you will need careful planning and dedication. Start by quickly defining your topic and research question. Dedicate a day to intensive research, finding and selecting relevant sources. Spend the next two days reading and summarizing these sources. On the fourth day, organize your notes and outline the review, focusing on arranging the main findings around key themes. Use the final day to write and revise your literature review, so that it is logically structured.

What are the 5 rules for writing a literature review?

When writing a literature review, you initially need to follow these essential rules: First, maintain a clear focus and structure. Your review should be organized around your thesis statement or key question, with each section logically leading to the next. Second, be critical and analytical rather than merely descriptive. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the research, the methodologies used, and the conclusions drawn. Third, include credible and versatile sources to represent a balanced view of the topic. Fourth, synthesize the information from your sources to create a narrative that adds value to your field of study. Finally, your writing should be clear, concise, and plagiarism-free, with all the sources appropriately cited.

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Revolutionize Your Research with Jenni AI

Literature Review Generator

Welcome to Jenni AI, the ultimate tool for researchers and students. Our AI Literature Review Generator is designed to assist you in creating comprehensive, high-quality literature reviews, enhancing your academic and research endeavors. Say goodbye to writer's block and hello to seamless, efficient literature review creation.

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Jenni AI utilizes cutting-edge AI technology to analyze and suggest relevant literature, helping you stay on top of current research trends.

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At Jenni AI, we are deeply committed to the principles of academic integrity. We understand the importance of honesty, transparency, and ethical conduct in the academic community. Our tool is designed not just to assist in your research, but to do so in a way that respects and upholds these fundamental values.

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Jenni AI: Standing Out From the Competition

In a sea of online proofreaders, Jenni AI stands out. Here’s how we compare to other tools on the market:

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Advanced AI-Powered Assistance

Uses state-of-the-art AI technology to provide relevant literature suggestions and structural guidance.

May rely on simpler algorithms, resulting in less dynamic or comprehensive support.

User-Friendly Interface

Designed for ease of use, making it accessible for users with varying levels of tech proficiency.

Interfaces can be complex or less intuitive, posing a challenge for some users.

Transparent and Flexible Pricing

Offers a free trial and clear, flexible pricing plans suitable for different needs.

Pricing structures can be opaque or inflexible, with fewer user options.

Unparalleled Customization

Offers highly personalized suggestions and adapts to your specific research needs over time.

Often provide generic suggestions that may not align closely with individual research topics.

Comprehensive Literature Access

Provides access to a vast and up-to-date range of academic literature, ensuring comprehensive research coverage.

Some may have limited access to current or diverse research materials, restricting the scope of literature reviews.

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🤖 AI Literature Review Generator

Unleash the power of AI with our Literature Review Generator. Effortlessly access comprehensive and meticulously curated literature reviews to elevate your research like never before!

Feeling overwhelmed by the sheer volume of books, articles, and papers you need to review for your research? You can use this free AI Literature Review Generator to streamline the work! This intuitive tool takes the hassle out of the process and makes planning and drafting literature reviews more efficient.

Think of this free AI Literature Review Generator as your personal research assistant. It uses advanced artificial intelligence techniques to fetch studies, identifies key points, and highlights important findings for you, so you can focus on analyzing and synthesizing information rather than spending hours reading.

What Is a Literature Review?

A literature review is a deep dive into academic sources like scholarly articles, books, and other publications related to your research topic. It’s about understanding the current landscape of your field and identifying the key players and pivotal works. More than just a summary, a literature review synthesizes existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive overview.

A literature review outlines what’s already known, highlights major debates, and points out gaps that still need exploring. This makes it an essential starting point for any academic research, whether it’s for a dissertation, thesis, or research article. Think of it as setting the stage for your research by clarifying the intellectual progression of your field. A well-crafted literature review helps you interpret your findings within the context of existing knowledge.

Finally, a literature review shows you where your work fits in and how it can contribute to the ongoing conversation in your area of study.

With our AI Literature Review Generator, you’ll get all these benefits without the usual stress and time commitment. So, let’s see how it can do the heavy lifting so you can focus on what you do best — researching and discovering new insights.

Why Use a Literature Review Generator?

Universities and academic institutions often require students to develop literature reviews. These targeted examinations of other studies related to your current research provide a robust foundation for your work. While developing literature reviews can enhance your academic skills, they can also be time-consuming and challenging due to the extensive research involved.

Using an online literature review generator in the process can be a game-changer. It takes the legwork out of sifting through countless sources and helps you zero in on the most relevant studies quickly. This means you can spend less time on tedious data collection and more time on the critical analysis that actually makes your work stand out. The tool’s ability to organize and structure your reviews also helps present your findings in a coherent and professional manner.

By automating much of the groundwork, a generator reduces the risk of errors and ensures you have accurate citations, enhancing the overall quality of your review. Plus, it serves as a valuable learning tool, teaching you how to structure a high-quality literature review, which is super beneficial for your academic growth.

Let’s take a closer look at a few more benefits of literature review generators:

• Ease of information gathering : Comprehensive studies require extensive reading and diligent research, which often takes hours to complete. Literature review generators automate the information-gathering process, retrieving relevant articles, journals, and related publications in a matter of seconds. This ensures a momentous saving of time and relieves the user from the tedious job of slogging through numerous resources.
• Coherent and well-structured reviews : Structuring the review in a logical and coherent manner can be a difficult task. Online literature review generators present well-structured reviews and offer well-organized input which can guide you in writing your own well-formulated literature review.
• Finds good matches : A literature review generator is designed to find the most relevant literature content according to your research topic. The expertise of these software tools allows users to ease the process of finding relevant scholarly articles and other documents, making it more accurate and faster than doing it manually.
• Reduces errors and improves quality : Humans are prone to making mistakes, especially when tasked with analyzing extensive volumes of data. Literature review generators minimize errors by ensuring access to the most accurate data and providing proper citations hence enhancing the quality of the review.
• Pedagogical benefits : Not only does using a free literature review generator provide a quick fix for students but it also serves as a tool for learning. It allows the users to understand how professional literature reviews should be structured and can guide them in crafting their work.
•  Time management : By automating the most time-consuming parts of the literature review process, you free up time to focus on other important aspects of your research or studies. This helps you manage your workload more effectively and reduces stress.
• Customizable searches : Literature review generators create structured, hiearchical documents. This means you can easily browse the contents of the reviews and find the information you need in an instant. This ensures you’re getting the most relevant and current information all the time.

How To Review Literature With This Literature Review Generator

• Open your Taskade workspace and click “➕New project”.
• Choose “ 🤖 AI Project Studio ” and describe what you want to create.
• Use the drop-downs to define project type or upload seed sources .
• When done, customize your project to make it your own!

Literature Review Generator

Ai-powered academic literature review tool.

• Conduct a literature review for a dissertation or thesis: Save time and ensure a comprehensive understanding of your research topic.
• Prepare for a research proposal: Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the existing literature in your field.
• Write a research paper or article: Use the tool to generate a literature review section for your academic paper or article.
• Develop course materials: As an educator, you can use the tool to prepare literature reviews for course materials or to provide examples to students.

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LITERATURE REVIEW SOFTWARE FOR BETTER RESEARCH

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Austin Health, Australia

As a full-time researcher, Litmaps has become an indispensable tool in my arsenal. The Seed Maps and Discover features of Litmaps have transformed my literature review process, streamlining the identification of key citations while revealing previously overlooked relevant literature, ensuring no crucial connection goes unnoticed. A true game-changer indeed!

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Doctoral Research Scholar – Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning

Using Litmaps for my research papers has significantly improved my workflow. Typically, I start with a single paper related to my topic. Whenever I find an interesting work, I add it to my search. From there, I can quickly cover my entire Related Work section.

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“It's nice to get a quick overview of related literature. Really easy to use, and it helps getting on top of the often complicated structures of referencing”

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Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

“This has helped me so much in researching the literature. Currently, I am beginning to investigate new fields and this has helped me hugely”

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Canterbury University, NZ

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Professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong

“Seeing my literature list as a network enhances my thinking process!”

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“Incredibly useful tool to get to know more literature, and to gain insight in existing research”

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“As a student just venturing into the world of lit reviews, this is a tool that is outstanding and helping me find deeper results for my work.”

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Ali Mohammed-Djafari

Director of Research at LSS-CNRS, France

“Litmaps is extremely helpful with my research. It helps me organize each one of my projects and see how they relate to each other, as well as to keep up to date on publications done in my field”

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Clarkson University, USA

As a person who is an early researcher and identifies as dyslexic, I can say that having research articles laid out in the date vs cite graph format is much more approachable than looking at a standard database interface. I feel that the maps Litmaps offers lower the barrier of entry for researchers by giving them the connections between articles spaced out visually. This helps me orientate where a paper is in the history of a field. Thus, new researchers can look at one of Litmap's "seed maps" and have the same information as hours of digging through a database.

Baylor Fain

Postdoctoral Associate – University of Florida

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Research Sources Log

Welcome aboard, how to get started, how to use the template, starting with research sources log, it’s okay if you don’t fill out all of the fields. the more fields filled out, the more accurate the analysis., hint: to view a bigger view of the field. click on the field and click on the “ ⤢ ” icon..

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Select phrases or specific sections and explore more research papers related to the core aspects of your selections. Pin the useful ones for future references.

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• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates, and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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Table of contents

What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

• Quick Run-through
• Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

• Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
• Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
• Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
• Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
• Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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See an example

Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

• Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
• Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
• Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
• Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

• Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
• Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
• Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

• Your university’s library catalogue
• Google Scholar
• Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
• Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
• EconLit (economics)
• Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

• What question or problem is the author addressing?
• What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
• What are the key theories, models, and methods?
• Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
• What are the results and conclusions of the study?
• How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

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To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

• Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
• Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
• Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
• Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
• Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

• Most research has focused on young women.
• There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
• But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

• Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
• Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
• Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

• Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
• Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
• Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

Scribbr slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

• To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
• To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other  academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An  annotated bibliography is a list of  source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a  paper .  

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AI Literature Review Generator

Designed to assist researchers and students in creating comprehensive, high-quality literature reviews.

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In this ever-changing world where new things are taking place every second, we have moved from a phase of lack of information to a phase of an overflow of information and when we have to write an academic paper, thesis, or create a business strategy then going through this sea of information, finding credible sources, analyzing the information could be a tedious and time taking process.

To save yourself from all this hassle, our tool sifts through large sets of information, analyzes it, and provides you with credible information in a structured way. It basically, provides you with a base to build your research and shields you from writer's block.

Let's discover how this tool works, its key features, and its use cases.

What is a literature review?

It is like doing a deep dive into all the important stuff people have written about a particular topic. It's about gathering, reading, and analyzing lots of articles, books, and other sources to really get the gist of what's out there. By going through all this info, you can see what's missing, what's good, and where the research world can use a little boost. This process helps in identifying gaps in current literature, setting the stage for new research. Pretty cool, right?

How does a literature review generator work?

It is an easy-to-use tool that helps automate the process of creating an article review. Internally it works in 2 steps:

• automates the creation of comprehensive reviews by searching and analyzing scholarly resources to identify key themes, methodologies, findings, and gaps.
• compiles this information into a structured review with proper citations, saving researchers time and effort.

Users can input their research topic, review and edit the generated content, and export it in various formats for academic projects. This tool leverages AI to enhance the efficiency and quality of literature reviews, allowing researchers to focus on other aspects of their work while still producing a high-quality, comprehensive review.

How to use Merlin's Literature Review Generator?

Step 1: Sign up on Merlin AI Begin by signing up and registering for a free Merlin AI account. This will provide you with access to all of Merlin's services.

Step 2: Access the tool

Why to Use Merlin's AI Article Review Generator?

Benefits of using this tool are:.

• Time Efficiency: Dramatically cuts down the time required to compile and review academic sources. Helps researchers find information faster.
• Advanced AI Analysis: Utilizes cutting-edge AI to uncover deep insights and detect underlying themes and trends.
• Customizable Outputs: Offers adaptable settings for depth of information, specific focus areas, and citation formats.
• Ease of Access: Simplifies complex research, making it accessible to users with varying levels of expertise.
• Latest Data: Ensures reviews include the most recent studies, providing up-to-date information.
• Reduced Bias: Helps achieve a more objective review by minimizing personal biases through broad and diverse source analysis. Eliminates personal biases that might affect the selection and interpretation of data.
• Makes sure researchers don't miss important materials.
• Allows searching by keywords and related topics.
• Predicts what researchers might be looking for.
• Reduces the manual work researchers need to do.
• Makes it easier to combine evidence from different sources.
• Helps organize information in a clear way.
• Improves the quality and speed of research projects.

Who is the AI Literature Review Writer Tool For?

Create Reviews for Your Literature

The key feature of Literature Review Writer

1. clear organization.

The review is organized into sections (like introduction, findings, and conclusions), which makes it easy to read and understand.

2. Introduction

At the start, it explains what the topic is about, why it's important, and what the review will cover.

3. Method Details

It clearly describes how the research was done, including where information was found and how it was checked for accuracy. This helps show that the review is trustworthy.

4. Topics Covered

The review groups related findings into themes (like causes, effects, and debates). This helps readers grasp the wide-ranging impacts of climate change.

5. Debates Discussed

It talks about different opinions, for eg., whether it’s better to prevent further climate change or adapt to its impacts. This shows there are various viewpoints within the topic.

6. Gaps in Research

The review points out areas where more research is needed, such as local effects of climate change and long-term predictions. Highlighting these gaps can guide future studies.

7. Citations Provided

Every claim or piece of information is backed up with references, making the review more credible and giving readers resources to explore more.

8. Summary and Urgency

The conclusion summarizes the important points and emphasizes the need for action and further study on climate change.

9. Reliable Sources

The review uses information from well-known and respected sources (like scientific journals and global organizations), which supports the accuracy of the information presented.

These features make sure the literature review is both informative and reliable, providing a clear overview for anyone interested in understanding climate change.

Use cases of Article review generator

This tool can be very helpful in different areas where collecting and understanding a lot of information quickly is important. Here are some simple examples of when they might be used:

1. Academic Research

Students and researchers can use these tools to quickly gather information about what has already been studied, which helps them understand their topic better.

2. Grant Proposals

Researchers need to show why their project is important by discussing previous studies. This AI tool can help them find and summarize this information quickly.

3. Thesis and Dissertation Writing

Graduate students can use these tools to organize their research findings and make sure they cover important studies related to their topic.

4. Health Reviews

In medicine and social sciences, knowing what previous studies say is crucial. A generator can help outline and summarize these studies effectively.

5. Policy Making

Government officials can use these tools to read about past policies and their impacts, which helps them make better policies.

6. Business Strategies

Companies might use literature reviews to keep up with trends and developments in their industry, and a generator can make this process faster by summarizing important information.

7. Healthcare Guidelines

Health professionals use research to design medical guidelines. A generator can make it easier to gather and review the necessary medical studies quickly.

8. Legal Research

Lawyers use this tool to understand laws and cases better. A generator can help by organizing and highlighting key legal documents.

9. Educational Planning

Teachers and educators can use these tools to find out what's new in teaching methods and incorporate this into their lessons.

10. Environmental Projects

When planning projects that affect the environment, getting a quick overview of similar past projects is helpful. This article review tool can simplify finding and reviewing related environmental studies.

The Merlin literature review generator is a cool tool that really simplifies the whole process of sifting through tons of academic info. It uses some slick AI tech to help users quickly go through various studies and articles, making their research tasks a lot deeper and more thorough. This tool is a real game-changer in academia and research, helping to boost the way scholarly work is done and discussed.

Merlin's other AI tools supporting Academic Integrity

• Plagiarism Checker
• AI Detection

Frequently Asked Questions

Is merlin’s literature review generator free.

Merlin AI's Literature Review Generator is free to use, Merlin offers 102 queries per day to every free user to test all the unique features and tools of Merlin AI. Users can opt for Merlin’s paid plans to avoid limited queries per day.

How to write a literature review?

Writing a literature review involves identifying, summarizing, and evaluating previous research on a topic. Collect relevant articles, analyze their contents, and organize your findings coherently to explain the current knowledge and gaps.

How to do a literature review?

To do a literature review, gather relevant research articles, read and analyze them to understand key themes, then organize and present your findings to highlight trends, debates, and gaps in the existing research.

Can ChatGPT do a literature review?

Yes, ChatGPT can help draft and organize a literature review by summarizing relevant research and providing insights. One if the best tool to do this work is Merlin's tool

How to generate an article review?

If you want to do it manually then steps are:

• compile relevant research,
• summarize key findings,
• analyze patterns and gaps, and
• synthesize the information into a cohesive narrative.

Or if you want to use an AI tool for this then use Merlin

What AI can generate an article review?

AI tools like ChatGPT, Merlin , and EndNote can assist in generating literature reviews by summarizing and organizing research articles.

What are the 7 steps in writing a literature review?

• Define the research question.
• Conduct a comprehensive literature search.
• Evaluate and select relevant sources.
• Organize the literature by themes or categories.
• Summarize and synthesize the findings.
• Identify gaps and inconsistencies.
• Write and revise the review.

Other tools

• Research Guides
• University Libraries

AI-Based Literature Review Tools

• Dialogues: Insightful Facts
• How to Craft Prompts
• Plugins / Extensions for AI-powered Searches
• Cite ChatGPT in APA / MLA
• AI and Plagiarism
• ChatGPT & Higher Education
• Author Profile

Selected AI-Based Literature Review Tools

Disclaimer:

• The guide is intended for informational purposes. It is advisable for you to independently evaluate these tools and their methods of use.
• Research AI Assistant is available in Dimensions Analytics (TAMU) and Statista (TAMU).
• See news about their AI Assistant (Beta): Web of Science , Scopus , Ebsco , ProQues t, OVID , Dimensions , JStor , Westlaw , and LexisNexis .       

Suggestions:

• Please keep these differences in mind when exploring AI-powered academic search engines.

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• https://www.openread.academy/
• Accessed institutionally by Harvard, MIT, University of Oxford, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, and more. ..
• AI-powered Academic Searching + Web Searching - Over 300 million papers and real-time web content.
• Trending and Topics - Browse them to find the latest hot papers. Use Topic to select specific fields and then see their trending.
• Each keyword search or AI query generates a synthesis report with citations. To adjust the search results, simply click on the Re-Generate button to refresh the report and the accompanied citations. After that click on Follow-Up Questions to go deeper into a specific area or subject.
• Use Paper Q&A to interact with a text directly. Examples: " What does this paper say about machine translation ?" ;  "What is C-1 in Fig.1?"
• When you read a paper, under Basic Information select any of the following tools to get more information: Basic Information > Related Paper Graph> Paper Espresso > Paper Q&A , and > Notes. The Related Paper Graph will present the related studies in a visual map with relevancy indication by percentage.
• Click on Translation to put a text or search results into another language.
• Read or upload a document and let Paper Espresso analyze it for you. It will organize the content into a standard academic report format for easy reference: Background and Context > Research Objectives and Hypotheses > Methodology > Results and Findings > Discussion and Interpretation > Contributions to the field > Structure and Flow > Achievements and Significance , and > Limitations and Future Work.  

SEMANTIC SCHOLAR

• SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE SEARCH ENGINE - finding semantically similar research papers.
• " A free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature."  <https://www.semanticscholar.org/>. But login is required in order to use all functions.
• Over 200 millions of papers from all fields of science, the data of which has also served as a wellspring for the development of other AI-driven tools.

The 4000+ results can be sorted by Fields of Study, Date Range, Author, Journals & Conferences

Save the papers in your Library folder. The Research Feeds will recommend similar papers based on the items saved.

Example - SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality Total Citations: 22,438   [Note: these numbers were gathered when this guide was created] Highly Influential Citations 2,001 Background Citations 6,109 Methods Citations 3,273  Results Citations 385

Semantic Reader "Semantic Reader is an augmented reader with the potential to revolutionize scientific reading by making it more accessible and richly contextual." It "uses artificial intelligence to understand a document’s structure and merge it with the Semantic Scholar’s academic corpus, providing detailed information in context via tooltips and other overlays ." <https://www.semanticscholar.org/product/semantic-reader>.

Skim Papers Faster "Find key points of this paper using automatically highlighted overlays. Available in beta on limited papers for desktop devices only."  <https://www.semanticscholar.org/product/semantic-reader>. Press on the pen icon to activate the highlights.

TLDRs (Too Long; Didn't Read) Try this example . Press the pen icon to reveal the highlighted key points . TLDRs "are super-short summaries of the main objective and results of a scientific paper generated using expert background knowledge and the latest GPT-3 style NLP techniques. This new feature is available in beta for nearly 60 million papers in computer science, biology, and medicine..." < https://www.semanticscholar.org/product/tldr>  

• AI-POWERED RESEARCH ASSISTANT - finding papers, filtering study types, automating research flow, brainstorming, summarizing and more.
• " Elicit is a research assistant using language models like GPT-3 to automate parts of researchers’ workflows. Currently, the main workflow in Elicit is Literature Review. If you ask a question, Elicit will show relevant papers and summaries of key information about those papers in an easy-to-use table."   <https://elicit.org/faq#what-is-elicit.>; Find answers from 175 million papers. FAQS
• Example - How do mental health interventions vary by age group?    /   Fish oil and depression Results: [Login required] (1) Summary of top 4 papers > Paper #1 - #4 with Title, abstract, citations, DOI, and pdf (2) Table view: Abstract / Interventions / Outcomes measured / Number of participants (3) Relevant studies and citations. (4) Click on Search for Paper Information to find - Metadata about Sources ( SJR etc.) >Population ( age etc.) >Intervention ( duration etc.) > Results ( outcome, limitations etc.) and > Methodology (detailed study design etc.) (5) Export as BIB or CSV
• How to Search / Extract Data / List of Concept Search -Enter a research question >Workflow: Searching > Summarizing 8 papers> A summary of 4 top papers > Final answers. Each result will show its citation counts, DOI, and a full-text link to Semantic Scholar website for more information such as background citations, methods citation, related papers and more. - List of Concepts search - e.g. adult learning motivation . The results will present a list the related concepts. - Extract data from a pdf file - Upload a paper and let Elicit extract data for you.
• Export Results - Various ways to export results.
• How to Cite - Includes the elicit.org URL in the citation, for example: Ought; Elicit: The AI Research Assistant; https://elicit.org; accessed xxxx/xx/xx  

CONSENSUS.APP

ACADEMIC SEARCH ENGINE- using AI to find insights in research papers.

"We are a search engine that is designed to accept research questions, find relevant answers within research papers, and synthesize the results using the same language model technology." <https://consensus.app/home/blog/maximize-your-consensus-experience-with-these-best-practices/>

• Example - Does the death penalty reduce the crime?   /  Fish oil and depression  /    (1) Extracted & aggregated findings from relevant papers. (2) Results may include AIMS, DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, FINDINGS or other methodological or report components. (3) Summaries and Full Text
• How to Search Direct questions - Does the death penalty reduce the crime? Relationship between two concepts - Fish oil and depression / Does X cause Y? Open-ended concepts - effects of immigration on local economics Tips and search examples from Consensus' Best Practice   
• Synthesize (beta) / Consensus Meter When the AI recognizes certain types of research questions, this functionality may be activated. It will examine a selection of some studies and provide a summary along with a Consensus Meter illustrating their collective agreement. Try this search: Is white rice linked to diabetes? The Consensus Meter reveals the following outcomes after analyzing 10 papers: 70% indicate a positive association, 20% suggest a possible connection, and 10% indicate no link.

Prompt “ write me a paragraph about the impact of climate change on GDP with citations “  

CITATIONS IN CONTEXT

Integrated with Research Solutions.

Over 1.2 billion Citation Statements and metadata from over 181 million papers suggested reference.

How does it work? - "scite uses access to full-text articles and its deep learning model to tell you, for a given publication: - how many times it was cited by others - how it was cited by others by displaying the text where the citation happened from each citing paper - whether each citation offers supporting or contrasting evidence of the cited claims in the publication of interest, or simply mention it."   <https://help.scite.ai/en-us/article/what-is-scite-1widqmr/>

EXAMPLE of seeing all citations and citation statements in one place

More information: Scite: A smart citation index that displays the context of citations and classifies their intent using deep learning  

Scholar GPT - By awesomegpts.ai

• " Enhance research with 200M+ resources and built-in critical reading skills. Access Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, Arxiv, and more, effortlessly ."
• Dialogue prompts suggested on the page: - Find the latest research about AI. - I'll provide a research paper link; Please analyze it. - I will upload a PDF paper; Use critical skills to read it. - Type "LS" to list my built-in critical reading list.
• To access it, in your ChatGPT account > Select " Explore GPTs > Scholar GPT
• GPT3.5 by OpenAI. Knowledge cutoff date is September 2021.
• Input/ Output length - ChatGPT-3.5 allows a maximum token limit of 4096 tokens. According to ChatGPT " On average, a token in English is roughly equivalent to 4 bytes or characters. English words are typically around 5 characters long. This means that, very roughly, you could fit around 800 to 1000 English words within 4096 tokens." 
• According to ChatGPT, the generated responses are non-deterministic by default. So if you run the searches again and get slightly or very different results, it's likely due to this factor.
• ChatGPT may find non-existent references.
• According to this study < https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2304/2304.06794.pdf > "ChatGPT cites the most-cited articles and journals, relying solely on Google Scholar's citation counts" within the field of environmental science.
• See a case of using ChatGPT40 to extract a PDF file below.  
• Example - "INTERVIEW WITH CHATGPT" as a Research Method & Teaching Tool Some researchers began to use this approach to obtain their research data. Try this Google Scholar search link "interview with ChatGPT"   or see two articles below: (1) Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? BD Lund, T Wang - Library Hi Tech News, 2023 (2) An interview with ChatGPT: discussing artificial intelligence in teaching, research, and practice , G Scaringi, M Loche - 2023  

Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Increased risk of premature birth Increased risk of low birth weight Increased risk of respiratory problems in newborns Increased risk of respiratory problems in infants exposed to secondhand smoke Increased risk of developing asthma and other respiratory illnesses later in life for infants exposed to secondhand smoke [Note : ChatGPT may generate non-existent references or false knowledge. To find out why Large Language Models hallucinate, check out this Wiki article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) and this blog post -   A Gentle Introduction to Hallucinations in Large Language Models by Adrian Tam ]

Infant death Neonatal mortality (referring specifically to deaths within the first 28 days of life) Perinatal mortality (referring to deaths occurring during the period from 22 completed weeks of gestation to 7 completed days after birth) Early childhood mortality (referring to deaths occurring within the first five years of life) Child mortality (referring to deaths occurring before the age of 18) [Press the Regenerate button to get more.]

• Example -  RELATED WORDS What are the related words of infant mortality? Neonatal mortality, Post-neonatal mortality, Stillbirths, Low birth weight, Malnutrition, Infectious diseases, Vaccination, Maternal health,  Access to healthcare, Poverty, Social inequality, Sanitation, Hygiene, Water quality, Childbirth complications, Congenital abnormalities, Birth defects, Maternal age, Under-five mortality, Child mortality, Perinatal mortality, Preterm birth, Low birth weight, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), Maternal mortality, Postnatal care, Malnutrition, Immunization, Access to healthcare, Clean water and sanitation, Congenital anomalies, Infant health disparities, Infant mortality rate (IMR), Infant survival.  

(("Infant Death"[Mesh] OR "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome"[Mesh] OR "Infant Mortality"[Mesh] OR "Perinatal Mortality"[Mesh] OR "Neonatal Mortality"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Mortality"[Mesh] OR "Infant Death" OR "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" OR "Infant Mortality" OR "Perinatal Mortality" OR "Neonatal Mortality" OR "Fetal Mortality") AND ("Risk Factors"[Mesh] OR "Etiology"[Mesh] OR "Prevention and Control"[Mesh] OR "Interventions"[Mesh] OR "Public Health"[Mesh] OR "Health Disparities"[Mesh] OR "Healthcare Disparities"[Mesh] OR "Poverty"[Mesh] OR "Malnutrition"[Mesh] OR "Infection"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Prematurity"[Mesh] OR "Low Birth Weight"[Mesh] OR "Maternal Education"[Mesh] OR "Maternal Health"[Mesh] OR "Risk Factors" OR "Etiology" OR "Prevention and Control" OR "Interventions" OR "Public Health" OR "Health Disparities" OR "Healthcare Disparities" OR "Poverty" OR "Malnutrition" OR "Infection" OR "Congenital Abnormalities" OR "Prematurity" OR "Low Birth Weight" OR "Maternal Education" OR "Maternal Health")) Comments and Suggestions: #1 -This search string may not work on all database platforms. For example, Medline (OVID) may not be able to run it, Medline & CINAHL (EBSCO) can run it without any problems while PubMed will run it but it will indicate which MeSH terms are not indexed. See PubMed's search History and Details under Advanced . #2 - This is just one possible combination. You may need to adjust it based on your task and the databases you are using . #3 - It might be easier if you break the task into 3 parts: ask for synonyms > ask for thesauri terms > and ask it to combine them.

Examples - DATABASE RECOMMENDATIONS Heath Science - Which databases to use to find articles on the EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SMOKING ON INFANT DEATH? PubMed: This is a database of biomedical literature from the National Library of Medicine. It includes articles from medical journals and other sources on a wide range of health-related topics. Embase: This is a database of biomedical literature that covers more international and pharmaceutical content than PubMed. It includes articles from medical journals and other sources on a wide range of health-related topics. Cochrane Library : This is a collection of databases that provides systematic reviews and meta-analyses of healthcare interventions, including interventions related to maternal smoking and infant death. Scopus: This is a multidisciplinary database that covers research from a wide range of fields, including health sciences. It includes articles from scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Web of Science: This is a database that covers research from a wide range of fields, including health sciences. It includes articles from scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. CINAHL: This is a database of nursing and allied health literature, including articles on maternal smoking and infant death. [Note: The response above was copied and pasted directly from ChatGPT. No editing was added.] Education -- I am doing a meta-analysis on k-12 STEM education. What databases should I use? ERIC : This is a database of education research and information, including articles from journals, reports, and conference papers. It is a commonly used database for educational research. Education Source : This is a comprehensive database of education research and information, including articles from journals, books, and conference papers. Web of Science: This is a multidisciplinary database that covers research from a wide range of fields, including education. It includes articles from scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Scopus: This is another multidisciplinary database that covers research from a wide range of fields, including education. It includes articles from scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. PsycINFO: This is a database of psychology research, including articles from journals, books, and dissertations. It can be useful for research on STEM education that includes psychological factors. Cochrane Library : This is a collection of databases that provides systematic reviews and meta-analyses of healthcare interventions including interventions related to education. [Author's note: You could also ask for the GREY LITERATURE sources related to the topic above,]

Example: ACT-AS-AN-EXPERT PROMPT Here's an alternative way to consolidate all the questions into a single consultation by using this popular Act-As-An-Expert prompt, aka, system message prompt:  I am going to conduct a systematic review on games and mathematics related to K-12 education  I want you to act as a systematic review expert . I will ask you some questions related to my research topic and you advise me on how to do it. 

[You may ask one question at a time] My first question is "which databases should I use?"  My second question is "what are the relevant subject terms, descriptors and key words?" My third question is "how to do data extraction?" ..... , .... Please note that the above prompts are merely for illustrative purposes. Actual questions may contain more specific instructions. As an example, for the first question, could you provide guidance on how to identify relevant publications? Specifically, can you provide a list of the primary databases and grey literature sources related to my topic?  

Example - GREY LITERATURE Please show me all the resources that offer grey literature for conducting research in the field of education     ERIC (Education Resources Information Center): https://eric.ed.gov/     OpenGrey: http://www.opengrey.eu/     British Education Index: https://www.ebscohost.com/academic/british-education-index     WorldCat: https://www.worldcat.org/     ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global: https://www.proquest.com/products-services/pqdtglobal.html     EThOS (Electronic Theses Online Service): https://ethos.bl.uk/     Institutional Repositories of universities and academic institutions (search for specific institution repositories)     American Educational Research Association (AERA): https://www.aera.net/     National Education Association (NEA): https://www.nea.org/     Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD): http://www.ascd.org/     RAND Corporation: https://www.rand.org/     National Center for Education Research (NCER): https://ies.ed.gov/ncer/     National Center for Education Statistics (NCES): https://nces.ed.gov/     European Educational Research Association (EERA): https://www.eera-ecer.de/     UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP): http://www.iiep.unesco.org/     Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): https://www.oecd.org/education/     Education Development Center (EDC): https://www.edc.org/     National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) - Japan: https://www.nier.go.jp/     Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER): https://www.acer.org/     Canadian Education Association (CEA): https://www.cea-ace.ca/ My topic is about stem education. Which grey literature databases should I use?    STEM Education Research Centre (SERC) Grey Literature Database    National STEM Education Research Repository (NSERR)    National Science Digital Library (NSDL)    STEM Education Resource Center (SERC) GrayLit Network    STEM Education Grey Literature Library

See other Comparison Examples under Bing AI.

Examples - ZERO SHOT, ONE SHOT & FEW SHOT PROMPTING for literature review See the examples on the left panel- How to Fine Tune Prompts

Example- using ChatGPT4o to Extract sections from PDF

I am going to upload a PDF file. Please extract its Research Objectives, Hypotheses,Methodology and findings for me, and then save it into a text file. ChatGPT40 : Yes, you can upload the PDF..... The uploaded document appears to be a paper titled "......" I'll begin by searching for and extracting the relevant sections. Extracting Sections: Research Objectives and Hypotheses, Methodology, Results and Findings Let me start with the extraction. The information has been saved into a text file. You can download it using the link below:Download Extracted_Info.txt

Bing Chat / Copilot

• Bing Chat has become Copilot.
• CONVERSATIONAL LLM 4.0 + SEARCH ENGINE. Connects to the Internet.
• Three conversation modes: More Creative, More Balanced or More Precise.
• Comparison - Prompt: My topic is about psychology. Which grey literature databases should I use? More Precise - PsycExtra, NIH Library and links to library guides, .gov and .org websites More Balanced - PsycExtra and three main research guides that mention psychology grey literature sources. More Creative- PsycExtra, LILACS, and Worldcat + definition of grey literature + suggestions on searching for professional association websites, newsletters, magazines, standards and guidelines, and other sources that may contain relevant information for your topic.
• Some examples below were tested in Bing Chat only.  
• Example - factors of infant mortality Infant mortality is a term that refers to the death of infants before their first birthday. The leading causes of infant mortality include birth asphyxia, pneumonia, congenital malformations, term birth complications such as abnormal presentation of the fetus umbilical cord prolapse, or prolonged labor, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition1. Many situational factors lead to infant mortality such as the pregnant woman’s level of education, environmental conditions, political infrastructure, and level of medical support1. In the United States, a primary determinant of infant mortality risk is infant birth weight with lower birth weights increasing the risk of infant mortality. The determinants of low birth weight include socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral and environmental factors2.  
• Example: PEER REVIEWED SOURCES I need to find some peer reviewed articles about infant mortality? The answer includes 5 articles. The first one is “Causes of death and infant mortality rates among full-term births in the United States between 2010 and 2012: An observational study” by Neha Bairoliya and Günther Fink1. A click on  " Tell me more about the first article " leads to this summary: " The first article is titled “Causes of death and infant mortality rates among full-term births in the United States between 2010 and 2012: An observational study” and was published in PLOS Medicine on March 20, 2018. The authors are Neha Bairoliya and Günther Fink. The study used linked birth and death records for the period 2010–2012 to identify the state- and cause-specific burden of infant mortality among full-term infants (born at 37–42 weeks of gestation) in the United States. The researchers found that the full-term infant mortality rate (FTIMR) was 2.2 per 1,000 live births overall and ranged between 1.29 (Connecticut) and 3.77 (Mississippi) at the state level. Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) accounted for 43% of FTIM; congenital malformations and perinatal conditions accounted for 31% and 11.3% of FTIM, respectively. The largest mortality differentials between states with good and states with poor FTIMR were found for SUDI, with particularly large risk differentials for deaths due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and suffocation." More searches: Please find five empirical studies focusing on the factors influencing adult learners engaged in online education. Please locate five scholarly articles on stress management among college students site:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The ERIC Thesaurus contains nearly 12,000 terms, including more than 4,500 descriptors and 7,000 synonyms1. You can use the term “Academic Achievement” or its synonyms such as “Educational Achievement”, “Student Achievement”, “Academic Performance”, “Academic Success”, “Learning Achievement” and more. [ Note : The follow-up responses include some additional sources. See two below: https://www.powerthesaurus.org/academic_achievement https://eric.ed.gov/?ti=Achievement+Gap   including https://eric.ed.gov/?ti=Academic+Achievement |

My topic is about psychology.  Which grey literature databases should I use?

ChatGPT PsycEXTRA : This database is produced by the American Psychological Association (APA) and includes grey literature such as conference papers, white papers, and government reports. OpenGrey : This database provides access to grey literature produced in Europe, including reports, theses, and conference papers Grey Literature Report : This database is produced by The New York Academy of Medicine and includes reports, conference papers, and other grey literature on health and biomedical topics, including psychology. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global : This database provides access to graduate-level research, including theses and dissertations related to psychology. Google Scholar: While not exclusively a grey literature database, Google Scholar can be a useful tool for finding conference papers and other grey literature related to psychology. National Technical Information Service (NTIS) : This database provides access to technical reports produced by U.S. government agencies, including those related to psychology. Bing AI   - [asked in the Precise mode] For psychology, some recommended grey literature databases include PsycEXTRA and PsyArXiv . PsycEXTRA is a database of grey literature material relating to psychology, behavioral sciences and health. PsyArXiv is a psychology archive designed to facilitate rapid dissemination of psychological research. What other models have been developed based on SERVQUAL?

ChatGPT SERVPERF: This is a modified version of SERVQUAL that measures service performance instead of service quality. It was developed by Cronin and Taylor (1992) and is based on the same five dimensions as SERVQUAL. SERVPERF-GAP: This model, developed by Caruana and Ewing (2006), extends the SERVQUAL model to include three additional gaps that can occur when customers evaluate service quality. E-SERVQUAL: This model, developed by Parasuraman et al. (2005), adapts the SERVQUAL scale to measure the quality of online services. SERVCO: This is a modified version of SERVQUAL that includes a sixth dimension, "cost," in addition to the five original dimensions. It was developed by Sureshchandar et al. (2002) to address the importance of cost in service quality evaluation. SERVQ-HC: This is a modified version of SERVQUAL that is specifically designed for evaluating the quality of health care services. It was developed by Cronin et al. (2000) and includes 20 items across five dimensions. Bing AI The Nordic model of service quality2. The hierarchical model of service quality3. The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)4.

     Bing AI Sidebar - CHAT, THINK, & WRITE

• Examples of Using AI sidebar to Recap Google Scholar findings

Chat - If you highlight a study in the search results of Google Scholar, you will be prompted with a question by AI sidebar asking if you want to send the selected text to it. If you choose to do so, you can then select either  EXPLAIN or EXPAND to learn more about the chosen article. It's worth noting that EXPAND provides more detailed information. You can then click on any of the follow-up links to delve further into the selected article or topic. If the text of the chosen study is written in a foreign language, the AI sidebar can also provide an explanation of the text in English. Another option for extracting the key points from a selected article is to submit the URL of the PDF. Insights - Use the insights button to get more ideas about the topic. Compose - Tell the Edge sidebar your topic and let its Compose tool to generate a draft for you. Google Scholar Button- See also the Plugins and Extension page for how to perform a combined search using Google, Google Scholar, and ChatGPT .

Example: FINDING SIMILAR ARTICLES Find similar articles like this one - [then paste in the abstract ] Note - Use this prompt with Bing chat since real-time web info is required.

Examples: SUMMARIZE + REFERENCE Use a basic prompt like " Please summarize . ..." or add a REFERENCE TEXT that provides the necessary information about what you want it to focus or how the summary or resolution should look like. The reference could be a quote, an excerpt, a partial sentence, a conversation, an abstract, a code snippet and so on. Formula : Specify a role > assign a task > provide a reference text. Example#1 - Scholarly Journal Quote

STEP 1 Prompt: As a research assistant specializing in renewable energy, your task is to locate comparable research studies based on the provided abstract from an article: "This paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy (wind, solar, wave and biomass) in the making of strategies for a sustainable development. Such strategies typically involve three major technological changes: energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy."

Bing Chat then found 3 documents: the ScienceDirect paper where the abstract came from and two other documents from un.org and frontiersin.org respectively.

STEP 2 Prompt: Please synthesize the findings of the three studies provided above.

Bing Chat: "Sure! Here is a synthesis of the findings from the three studies:

All three studies emphasize the importance of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development and mitigating climate change. They all discuss various strategies and actions that can be taken to increase the use of renewable energy sources and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Henrik Lund’s paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy (wind, solar, wave and biomass) in the making of strategies for a sustainable development. Such strategies typically involve three major technological changes: energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and .....

The United Nations outlines five critical actions the world needs to prioritize now to transform our energy systems and speed up the shift to renewable energy: Make renewable energy technology a global public good, Improve global access to components and raw materials......

“Sustainable Energy Transition for Renewable and Low Carbon Grid” discusses that a sustainable global electricity transition will entail increased use of renewable energy sources particularly wind and solar, nuclear energy as a low carbon energy source, electrification of transport and.......

In summary , these studies suggest that transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial for sustainable development and mitigating climate change. This can be achieved through various strategies such as increasing energy efficiency, improving access to renewable technology and materials, leveling the playing field for renewables, ending fossil fuel subsidies, and redirecting investments towards renewables." Example #2 Y ou are an expert researcher, given the following article, please discuss its key findings. Reference: How Large Language Models are Transforming Machine-Paraphrased Plagiarism at https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03568 This is another way to put REFERENCE TEXT. As a side not, role specifying or the use of persona is important as it can impact the level of responses obtained. Just imagine if the designated role were " You are a high school student... ." Example #3 Please read this article and summarize it f or me - "Who Should I Trust: AI or Myself? Leveraging Human and AI Correctness Likelihood to Promote Appropriate Trust in AI-Assisted Decision-Making" and then find 5 similar studies and please also summarize each for me.

CONNECTED PAPERS

• RELATED STUDIES
• Uses visual graphs or other ways to show relevant studies. The database is connected to the Semantic Scholar Paper Corpus which has compiled hundreds of millions of published papers across many science and social science fields.
• See more details about how it works .  
• Example - SERVQUAL and then click on SELECT A PAPER TO BUILD THE GRAPH > The first paper was selected. Results: (1) Origin paper - SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality + Connected papers with links to Connected Papers / PDF / DOI or Publisher's site / Semantic Scholar / Google Scholar. (2) Graph showing the origin paper + connected papers with links to the major sources . See above. (3) Links to Prior Works and Derivative Works See the detailed citations by Semantic Scholar on the origin SERVQUAL paper on the top of this page within Semantic Scholars.
• How to Search Search by work title. Enter some keywords about a topic.
• Download / Save Download your saved Items in Bib format.  

PAPER DIGEST

• SUMMARY & SYNTHESIS
• " Knowledge graph & natural language processing platform tailored for technology domain . <"https://www.paperdigest.org/> Areas covered: technology, biology/health, all sciences areas, business, humanities/ social sciences, patents and grants ...

• LITERATURE REVIEW - https://www.paperdigest.org/review/ Systematic Review - https://www.paperdigest.org/literature-review/
• SEARCH CONSOLE - https://www.paperdigest.org/search/ Conference Digest - NIPS conference papers ... Tech AI Tools: Literature Review  | Literature Search | Question Answering | Text Summarization Expert AI Tools: Org AI | Expert search | Executive Search, Reviewer Search, Patent Lawyer Search...

Daily paper digest / Conference papers digest / Best paper digest / Topic tracking. In Account enter the subject areas interested. Daily Digest will upload studies based on your interests.

RESEARCH RABBIT

• CITATION-BASED MAPPING: SIMILAR / EARLY / LATER WORKS
• " 100s of millions of academic articles and covers more than 90%+ of materials that can be found in major databases used by academic institutions (such as Scopus, Web of Science, and others) ." See its FAQs page. Search algorithms were borrowed from NIH and Semantic Scholar.

The default “Untitled Collection” will collect your search histories, based on which Research Rabbit will send you recommendations for three types of related results: Similar Works / Earlier Works / Later Works, viewable in graph such as Network, Timeline, First Authors etc.

Zotero integration: importing and exporting between these two apps.

• Example - SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality [Login required] Try it to see its Similar Works, Earlier Works and Later Works or other documents.
• Export Results - Findings can be exported in BibTxt, RIS or CSV format.

CITING GENERATIVE AI

• How to cite ChatGPT  [APA] - https://apastyle. apa.org/blog /how-to-cite-chatgpt  
• How to Cite Generative AI  [MLA]  https://style. mla.org /citing-generative-ai/
• Citation Guide - Citing ChatGPT and Other Generative AI (University of Queensland, Australia)
• Next: Dialogues: Insightful Facts >>
• Last Updated: Aug 14, 2024 3:40 PM
• URL: https://tamu.libguides.com/c.php?g=1289555

All-in-one Literature Review Software

Start your free trial.

Free MAXQDA trial for Windows and Mac

Your trial will end automatically after 14 days and will not renew. There is no need for cancelation.

MAXQDA The All-in-one Literature Review Software

MAXQDA is the best choice for a comprehensive literature review. It works with a wide range of data types and offers powerful tools for literature review, such as reference management, qualitative, vocabulary, text analysis tools, and more.

Document viewer

Your analysis.

As your all-in-one literature review software, MAXQDA can be used to manage your entire research project. Easily import data from texts, interviews, focus groups, PDFs, web pages, spreadsheets, articles, e-books, and even social media data. Connect the reference management system of your choice with MAXQDA to easily import bibliographic data. Organize your data in groups, link relevant quotes to each other, keep track of your literature summaries, and share and compare work with your team members. Your project file stays flexible and you can expand and refine your category system as you go to suit your research.

Developed by and for researchers – since 1989

Having used several qualitative data analysis software programs, there is no doubt in my mind that MAXQDA has advantages over all the others. In addition to its remarkable analytical features for harnessing data, MAXQDA’s stellar customer service, online tutorials, and global learning community make it a user friendly and top-notch product.

Sally S. Cohen – NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing

Literature Review is Faster and Smarter with MAXQDA

Easily import your literature review data

With a literature review software like MAXQDA, you can easily import bibliographic data from reference management programs for your literature review. MAXQDA can work with all reference management programs that can export their databases in RIS-format which is a standard format for bibliographic information. Like MAXQDA, these reference managers use project files, containing all collected bibliographic information, such as author, title, links to websites, keywords, abstracts, and other information. In addition, you can easily import the corresponding full texts. Upon import, all documents will be automatically pre-coded to facilitate your literature review at a later stage.

Capture your ideas while analyzing your literature

Great ideas will often occur to you while you’re doing your literature review. Using MAXQDA as your literature review software, you can create memos to store your ideas, such as research questions and objectives, or you can use memos for paraphrasing passages into your own words. By attaching memos like post-it notes to text passages, texts, document groups, images, audio/video clips, and of course codes, you can easily retrieve them at a later stage. Particularly useful for literature reviews are free memos written during the course of work from which passages can be copied and inserted into the final text.

Find concepts important to your generated literature review

When generating a literature review you might need to analyze a large amount of text. Luckily MAXQDA as the #1 literature review software offers Text Search tools that allow you to explore your documents without reading or coding them first. Automatically search for keywords (or dictionaries of keywords), such as important concepts for your literature review, and automatically code them with just a few clicks. Document variables that were automatically created during the import of your bibliographic information can be used for searching and retrieving certain text segments. MAXQDA’s powerful Coding Query allows you to analyze the combination of activated codes in different ways.

Aggregate your literature review

When conducting a literature review you can easily get lost. But with MAXQDA as your literature review software, you will never lose track of the bigger picture. Among other tools, MAXQDA’s overview and summary tables are especially useful for aggregating your literature review results. MAXQDA offers overview tables for almost everything, codes, memos, coded segments, links, and so on. With MAXQDA literature review tools you can create compressed summaries of sources that can be effectively compared and represented, and with just one click you can easily export your overview and summary tables and integrate them into your literature review report.

Powerful and easy-to-use literature review tools

Quantitative aspects can also be relevant when conducting a literature review analysis. Using MAXQDA as your literature review software enables you to employ a vast range of procedures for the quantitative evaluation of your material. You can sort sources according to document variables, compare amounts with frequency tables and charts, and much more. Make sure you don’t miss the word frequency tools of MAXQDA’s add-on module for quantitative content analysis. Included are tools for visual text exploration, content analysis, vocabulary analysis, dictionary-based analysis, and more that facilitate the quantitative analysis of terms and their semantic contexts.

Visualize your literature review

As an all-in-one literature review software, MAXQDA offers a variety of visual tools that are tailor-made for qualitative research and literature reviews. Create stunning visualizations to analyze your material. Of course, you can export your visualizations in various formats to enrich your literature review analysis report. Work with word clouds to explore the central themes of a text and key terms that are used, create charts to easily compare the occurrences of concepts and important keywords, or make use of the graphical representation possibilities of MAXMaps, which in particular permit the creation of concept maps. Thanks to the interactive connection between your visualizations with your MAXQDA data, you’ll never lose sight of the big picture.

AI Assist: literature review software meets AI

AI Assist – your virtual research assistant – supports your literature review with various tools. AI Assist simplifies your work by automatically analyzing and summarizing elements of your research project and by generating suggestions for subcodes. No matter which AI tool you use – you can customize your results to suit your needs.

Free tutorials and guides on literature review

MAXQDA offers a variety of free learning resources for literature review, making it easy for both beginners and advanced users to learn how to use the software. From free video tutorials and webinars to step-by-step guides and sample projects, these resources provide a wealth of information to help you understand the features and functionality of MAXQDA for literature review. For beginners, the software’s user-friendly interface and comprehensive help center make it easy to get started with your data analysis, while advanced users will appreciate the detailed guides and tutorials that cover more complex features and techniques. Whether you’re just starting out or are an experienced researcher, MAXQDA’s free learning resources will help you get the most out of your literature review.

Free MAXQDA Trial for Windows and Mac

Get your maxqda license, compare the features of maxqda and maxqda analytics pro, faq: literature review software.

Literature review software is a tool designed to help researchers efficiently manage and analyze the existing body of literature relevant to their research topic. MAXQDA, a versatile qualitative data analysis tool, can be instrumental in this process.

Literature review software, like MAXQDA, typically includes features such as data import and organization, coding and categorization, advanced search capabilities, data visualization tools, and collaboration features. These features facilitate the systematic review and analysis of relevant literature.

Literature review software, including MAXQDA, can assist in qualitative data interpretation by enabling researchers to organize, code, and categorize relevant literature. This organized data can then be analyzed to identify trends, patterns, and themes, helping researchers draw meaningful insights from the literature they’ve reviewed.

Yes, literature review software like MAXQDA is suitable for researchers of all levels of experience. It offers user-friendly interfaces and extensive support resources, making it accessible to beginners while providing advanced features that cater to the needs of experienced researchers.

Getting started with literature review software, such as MAXQDA, typically involves downloading and installing the software, importing your relevant literature, and exploring the available features. Many software providers offer tutorials and documentation to help users get started quickly.

For students, MAXQDA can be an excellent literature review software choice. Its user-friendly interface, comprehensive feature set, and educational discounts make it a valuable tool for students conducting literature reviews as part of their academic research.

MAXQDA is available for both Windows and Mac users, making it a suitable choice for Mac users looking for literature review software. It offers a consistent and feature-rich experience on Mac operating systems.

When it comes to literature review software, MAXQDA is widely regarded as one of the best choices. Its robust feature set, user-friendly interface, and versatility make it a top pick for researchers conducting literature reviews.

Yes, literature reviews can be conducted without software. However, using literature review software like MAXQDA can significantly streamline and enhance the process by providing tools for efficient data management, analysis, and visualization.

• Resources Home 🏠
• Try SciSpace Copilot
• Search research papers
• Add Copilot Extension
• Try AI Detector
• Try Paraphraser
• Try Citation Generator
• April Papers
• June Papers
• July Papers

Introducing SciSpace's all-new AI-powered literature review workspace

Scientists increasingly rely on AI and automation's power to uncover groundbreaking scientific discoveries. And we have a new addition to this toolbox — our all-new AI-powered literature review tool.

Now simply enter a keyword or query, and the AI sorts through thousands of papers in seconds picks out the key themes and trends, extracts relevant insights, and presents everything in an easy-to-understand format. It should help researchers build a solid theoretical framework for their work more efficiently than ever before.

Researchers worldwide have been using our AI assistant, Copilot , to read and understand scientific papers better. Now with the addition of the SciSpace Literature Review, researchers can focus more on experimentation and interpretation and less on manual literature review.

With millions of papers being published each year, it can be challenging to extract meaningful insights related to research. That's why we created SciSpace Literature Review , your mission control for literature review.

Getting started with SciSpace Literature Review

Using SciSpace Literature Review is a breeze. The tool is designed to help researchers compare and contrast various papers, identify gaps in the current literature, and base their own studies on a solid evidence foundation — all in one single space.

To help you get started, here's a step-by-step guide on how to use SciSpace Search:

• Type in your query in the search bar.

2. Review the summarized insight for a quick and informative overview of what the top papers say about your query.

3. Ask follow-up questions to Copilot on summarized insights to gain a deeper understanding and clarify any doubts you may have.

4. Use search filters like publication type, year of publication, and PDF availability to narrow down the results table and find the most relevant papers for your research.

5. Use sort options to organize your search results table by relevance, date, or citation count and prioritize your reading list.

6. Add new or remove existing fields to customize the search results table to your specific needs.

7. Scroll horizontally and vertically to compare and contrast the findings from different papers to discover patterns, contradictions, gaps, or new perspectives.

8. If you find insights from a paper interesting, use Copilot to delve deeper into it, or simply click on the title to access the full text or metadata.

9. Star the papers you liked to generate more recommendations tailored to your preferences or to save them to your library for future reference.

10. Click on the minus button to remove papers that are not relevant to your research, helping to refine your search results and recommendations.

11. Click the three-dot menu to export the search results table to a CSV file for further analysis, collaboration, or to keep a record of your literature review process.

12. Click on the floppy disk icon to save your search settings and preferences, allowing you to easily pick up where you left off in future sessions.

13. Utilize the translate feature by clicking on the globe icon to conduct your literature review in your preferred language.

What makes SciSpace Literature Review so powerful?

Here are a few reasons why SciSpace Literature Review is your ideal companion for literature review:

Comprehensive repository: SciSpace presently holds more than 200 million research papers from across domains and disciplines. So, any keyword or query you type into the search bar is almost guaranteed to provide an extensive array of relevant articles for you to explore, analyze, and learn from. You can also upload your own papers or entire folders, allowing you to analyze and compare them against the vast collection in our database.

Customizable and advanced search options: Easily refine and sort your results by publication year, author, type, and other criteria to ensure you find the most pertinent information for your research. Additionally, you can sort your results by relevance, date, or citation count to manage your reading list effectively. The best part is that it lets you pinpoint insights from specific sections of a paper, like the abstract, methods, or results section, for focused and efficient exploration.

Smart summarization and in-depth analysis: For every query or keyword, you get both a high-level summary and detailed insights from each paper. You decide whether you want a quick overview or to dive deep into the specifics. Moreover, Copilot is always available to assist you, giving you the flexibility to ask follow-up questions and clarify any doubts instantly.

Seamless integration with Copilot AI assistant: This combination makes your literature review more interactive and proactive. While doing your literature review, if you come across an unfamiliar acronym, Copilot can quickly provide a definition. Found a complex concept in a research paper? Copilot can simplify it for you. You can even use Copilot's preset questions to engage with the literature in a more structured manner.

Multi-language support: Research is a global endeavor, and we believe language barriers should not limit your access to knowledge. This is why we offer a translation feature, allowing you to review, analyze, and understand papers in 75+ languages. You no longer have to worry about constantly switching between languages or translating scientific jargon. Everything you need is conveniently available in one place, in the language you are comfortable with. Additionally, you can communicate with Copilot in your preferred language.

Easy export and save options: After you've conducted your literature review, you can export your search results as a CSV file. This feature is particularly beneficial if you wish to share your findings with colleagues or want to keep a record of your search process for future reference. You can also save your search settings and preferences, enabling you to resume your literature review seamlessly in future sessions.

How to use SciSpace Literature Review?

Some examples of how SciSpace Literature Review can be used effectively in various research scenarios are:

• Identify gaps in the current body of knowledge by discovering trends and patterns in the literature.
• Conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis by quickly sourcing multiple high-quality studies and extracting relevant data.
• Explore interdisciplinary connections by analyzing research papers from various disciplines and fields.
• Evaluate the influence and impact of a particular research paper or author by analyzing citation counts, publication dates, and other relevant metrics.
• Enhance your understanding of a topic by generating a list of recommended papers based on your preferences.
• Keep track of the latest advancements and updates in your field of study by regularly using the search function.
• Prepare for a research presentation or discussion by gathering critical insights from various studies quickly.
• Develop a well-informed research proposal or thesis by leveraging the vast papers database and advanced search features.
• Collaborate with peers by sharing the CSV file of your search, enabling everyone to contribute and review collectively.

Final Thoughts

Academia is a demanding field that constantly requires you to stay on top of the latest studies, trends, and insights. But the sheer volume of papers published can make this a daunting task. However, your literature review process can become significantly more manageable and efficient with the right tools.

SciSpace Literature Review provides a comprehensive, accessible, and customizable platform that empowers you to conduct in-depth literature reviews efficiently, effectively, and collaboratively. Its advanced features and seamless integration with Copilot sets it apart as a literature review companion.

By using SciSpace Literature Review, you can save time, increase efficiency, and focus on the essential aspects of your work, ultimately contributing to scientific knowledge and discovery advancement.

Try SciSpace Literature Review today!

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How to Use AI Tools for Conducting a Literature Review

Elicit vs. SciSpace: AI research assistant for effortless literature review

Screen, analyse and summarise articles faster with Scholarcy

Try it for free, subscribe today.

Scholarcy is used by students around the world to read and analyse research papers in less time. Upload your articles to Scholarcy to:

• Cut your reading time in half and feel more in control
• Identify the papers that matter in less time
• Jump straight to the most important information
• Compare a collection of articles more easily

With Scholarcy Library, you can import all your papers and search results, and quickly screen them with the automatically generated ‘key takeaway’ headline.

Take the stress out of your literature review

While there are lots of tools that help you discover articles for your research, how do you analyse and synthesise the information from all of those papers?

3 easy ways to import articles

Scholarcy lets you quickly import your articles for screening and analysing.

Import papers in PDF, Word, HTML and LaTeX format

Import search results from PubMed or any service that provides results in RIS or BibTeX format

Import publisher RSS feeds

Build your literature matrix in minutes

Our Excel export feature generates a literature synthesis matrix for you, so you can

Compare papers side by side for their study sizes, key contributions, limitations, and more.

Export literature-review ready data in Excel, Word, RIS or Markdown format

Integrates with your reference manager and ‘second brain’ tools such as Roam, Notion and Obsidian

Carrying out a systematic review?

Scholarcy breaks papers down into our unique summary flashcard format.

The Study subjects and analysis tab shows you study population, intervention, outcome, and statistical analyses from the paper.

And the Excel synthesis matrix generated shows the key methods and quantitative findings of each paper, side by side.

Build a knowledge graph from your papers

If you’re a fan of the latest generation of knowledge management tools such as  Roam  or  Obsidian , you’ll love our  Markdown  export.

This creates a knowledge graph of all the papers in your library by connecting them via key terms, methods, and shared citations.

What People Are Saying

“Quick processing time, successfully summarized important points.”

“It’s really good for case study analysis, thank you for this too.”

“I love this website so much it has made my research a lot easier thanks!”

“The instant feedback I get from this tool is amazing.”

“Thank you for making my life easier.”

How To Write An A-Grade Literature Review

3 straightforward steps (with examples) + free template.

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | October 2019

Quality research is about building onto the existing work of others , “standing on the shoulders of giants”, as Newton put it. The literature review chapter of your dissertation, thesis or research project is where you synthesise this prior work and lay the theoretical foundation for your own research.

Long story short, this chapter is a pretty big deal, which is why you want to make sure you get it right . In this post, I’ll show you exactly how to write a literature review in three straightforward steps, so you can conquer this vital chapter (the smart way).

Overview: The Literature Review Process

• Understanding the “ why “
• Finding the relevant literature
• Cataloguing and synthesising the information
• Outlining & writing up your literature review
• Example of a literature review

But first, the “why”…

Before we unpack how to write the literature review chapter, we’ve got to look at the why . To put it bluntly, if you don’t understand the function and purpose of the literature review process, there’s no way you can pull it off well. So, what exactly is the purpose of the literature review?

Well, there are (at least) four core functions:

• For you to gain an understanding (and demonstrate this understanding) of where the research is at currently, what the key arguments and disagreements are.
• For you to identify the gap(s) in the literature and then use this as justification for your own research topic.
• To help you build a conceptual framework for empirical testing (if applicable to your research topic).
• To inform your methodological choices and help you source tried and tested questionnaires (for interviews ) and measurement instruments (for surveys ).

Most students understand the first point but don’t give any thought to the rest. To get the most from the literature review process, you must keep all four points front of mind as you review the literature (more on this shortly), or you’ll land up with a wonky foundation.

Okay – with the why out the way, let’s move on to the how . As mentioned above, writing your literature review is a process, which I’ll break down into three steps:

• Finding the most suitable literature
• Understanding , distilling and organising the literature
• Planning and writing up your literature review chapter

Importantly, you must complete steps one and two before you start writing up your chapter. I know it’s very tempting, but don’t try to kill two birds with one stone and write as you read. You’ll invariably end up wasting huge amounts of time re-writing and re-shaping, or you’ll just land up with a disjointed, hard-to-digest mess . Instead, you need to read first and distil the information, then plan and execute the writing.

Step 1: Find the relevant literature

Naturally, the first step in the literature review journey is to hunt down the existing research that’s relevant to your topic. While you probably already have a decent base of this from your research proposal , you need to expand on this substantially in the dissertation or thesis itself.

Essentially, you need to be looking for any existing literature that potentially helps you answer your research question (or develop it, if that’s not yet pinned down). There are numerous ways to find relevant literature, but I’ll cover my top four tactics here. I’d suggest combining all four methods to ensure that nothing slips past you:

Method 1 – Google Scholar Scrubbing

Google’s academic search engine, Google Scholar , is a great starting point as it provides a good high-level view of the relevant journal articles for whatever keyword you throw at it. Most valuably, it tells you how many times each article has been cited, which gives you an idea of how credible (or at least, popular) it is. Some articles will be free to access, while others will require an account, which brings us to the next method.

Method 2 – University Database Scrounging

Generally, universities provide students with access to an online library, which provides access to many (but not all) of the major journals.

So, if you find an article using Google Scholar that requires paid access (which is quite likely), search for that article in your university’s database – if it’s listed there, you’ll have access. Note that, generally, the search engine capabilities of these databases are poor, so make sure you search for the exact article name, or you might not find it.

Method 3 – Journal Article Snowballing

At the end of every academic journal article, you’ll find a list of references. As with any academic writing, these references are the building blocks of the article, so if the article is relevant to your topic, there’s a good chance a portion of the referenced works will be too. Do a quick scan of the titles and see what seems relevant, then search for the relevant ones in your university’s database.

Method 4 – Dissertation Scavenging

Similar to Method 3 above, you can leverage other students’ dissertations. All you have to do is skim through literature review chapters of existing dissertations related to your topic and you’ll find a gold mine of potential literature. Usually, your university will provide you with access to previous students’ dissertations, but you can also find a much larger selection in the following databases:

• Open Access Theses & Dissertations
• Stanford SearchWorks

Keep in mind that dissertations and theses are not as academically sound as published, peer-reviewed journal articles (because they’re written by students, not professionals), so be sure to check the credibility of any sources you find using this method. You can do this by assessing the citation count of any given article in Google Scholar. If you need help with assessing the credibility of any article, or with finding relevant research in general, you can chat with one of our Research Specialists .

Alright – with a good base of literature firmly under your belt, it’s time to move onto the next step.

Need a helping hand?

Step 2: Log, catalogue and synthesise

Once you’ve built a little treasure trove of articles, it’s time to get reading and start digesting the information – what does it all mean?

While I present steps one and two (hunting and digesting) as sequential, in reality, it’s more of a back-and-forth tango – you’ll read a little , then have an idea, spot a new citation, or a new potential variable, and then go back to searching for articles. This is perfectly natural – through the reading process, your thoughts will develop , new avenues might crop up, and directional adjustments might arise. This is, after all, one of the main purposes of the literature review process (i.e. to familiarise yourself with the current state of research in your field).

As you’re working through your treasure chest, it’s essential that you simultaneously start organising the information. There are three aspects to this:

• Logging reference information
• Building an organised catalogue
• Distilling and synthesising the information

I’ll discuss each of these below:

2.1 – Log the reference information

As you read each article, you should add it to your reference management software. I usually recommend Mendeley for this purpose (see the Mendeley 101 video below), but you can use whichever software you’re comfortable with. Most importantly, make sure you load EVERY article you read into your reference manager, even if it doesn’t seem very relevant at the time.

2.2 – Build an organised catalogue

In the beginning, you might feel confident that you can remember who said what, where, and what their main arguments were. Trust me, you won’t. If you do a thorough review of the relevant literature (as you must!), you’re going to read many, many articles, and it’s simply impossible to remember who said what, when, and in what context . Also, without the bird’s eye view that a catalogue provides, you’ll miss connections between various articles, and have no view of how the research developed over time. Simply put, it’s essential to build your own catalogue of the literature.

I would suggest using Excel to build your catalogue, as it allows you to run filters, colour code and sort – all very useful when your list grows large (which it will). How you lay your spreadsheet out is up to you, but I’d suggest you have the following columns (at minimum):

• Author, date, title – Start with three columns containing this core information. This will make it easy for you to search for titles with certain words, order research by date, or group by author.
• Categories or keywords – You can either create multiple columns, one for each category/theme and then tick the relevant categories, or you can have one column with keywords.
• Key arguments/points – Use this column to succinctly convey the essence of the article, the key arguments and implications thereof for your research.
• Context – Note the socioeconomic context in which the research was undertaken. For example, US-based, respondents aged 25-35, lower- income, etc. This will be useful for making an argument about gaps in the research.
• Methodology – Note which methodology was used and why. Also, note any issues you feel arise due to the methodology. Again, you can use this to make an argument about gaps in the research.
• Quotations – Note down any quoteworthy lines you feel might be useful later.
• Notes – Make notes about anything not already covered. For example, linkages to or disagreements with other theories, questions raised but unanswered, shortcomings or limitations, and so forth.

If you’d like, you can try out our free catalog template here (see screenshot below).

2.3 – Digest and synthesise

Most importantly, as you work through the literature and build your catalogue, you need to synthesise all the information in your own mind – how does it all fit together? Look for links between the various articles and try to develop a bigger picture view of the state of the research. Some important questions to ask yourself are:

• What answers does the existing research provide to my own research questions ?
• Which points do the researchers agree (and disagree) on?
• How has the research developed over time?
• Where do the gaps in the current research lie?

To help you develop a big-picture view and synthesise all the information, you might find mind mapping software such as Freemind useful. Alternatively, if you’re a fan of physical note-taking, investing in a large whiteboard might work for you.

Step 3: Outline and write it up!

Once you’re satisfied that you have digested and distilled all the relevant literature in your mind, it’s time to put pen to paper (or rather, fingers to keyboard). There are two steps here – outlining and writing:

3.1 – Draw up your outline

Having spent so much time reading, it might be tempting to just start writing up without a clear structure in mind. However, it’s critically important to decide on your structure and develop a detailed outline before you write anything. Your literature review chapter needs to present a clear, logical and an easy to follow narrative – and that requires some planning. Don’t try to wing it!

Naturally, you won’t always follow the plan to the letter, but without a detailed outline, you’re more than likely going to end up with a disjointed pile of waffle , and then you’re going to spend a far greater amount of time re-writing, hacking and patching. The adage, “measure twice, cut once” is very suitable here.

In terms of structure, the first decision you’ll have to make is whether you’ll lay out your review thematically (into themes) or chronologically (by date/period). The right choice depends on your topic, research objectives and research questions, which we discuss in this article .

Once that’s decided, you need to draw up an outline of your entire chapter in bullet point format. Try to get as detailed as possible, so that you know exactly what you’ll cover where, how each section will connect to the next, and how your entire argument will develop throughout the chapter. Also, at this stage, it’s a good idea to allocate rough word count limits for each section, so that you can identify word count problems before you’ve spent weeks or months writing!

PS – check out our free literature review chapter template…

3.2 – Get writing

With a detailed outline at your side, it’s time to start writing up (finally!). At this stage, it’s common to feel a bit of writer’s block and find yourself procrastinating under the pressure of finally having to put something on paper. To help with this, remember that the objective of the first draft is not perfection – it’s simply to get your thoughts out of your head and onto paper, after which you can refine them. The structure might change a little, the word count allocations might shift and shuffle, and you might add or remove a section – that’s all okay. Don’t worry about all this on your first draft – just get your thoughts down on paper.

Once you’ve got a full first draft (however rough it may be), step away from it for a day or two (longer if you can) and then come back at it with fresh eyes. Pay particular attention to the flow and narrative – does it fall fit together and flow from one section to another smoothly? Now’s the time to try to improve the linkage from each section to the next, tighten up the writing to be more concise, trim down word count and sand it down into a more digestible read.

Once you’ve done that, give your writing to a friend or colleague who is not a subject matter expert and ask them if they understand the overall discussion. The best way to assess this is to ask them to explain the chapter back to you. This technique will give you a strong indication of which points were clearly communicated and which weren’t. If you’re working with Grad Coach, this is a good time to have your Research Specialist review your chapter.

Finally, tighten it up and send it off to your supervisor for comment. Some might argue that you should be sending your work to your supervisor sooner than this (indeed your university might formally require this), but in my experience, supervisors are extremely short on time (and often patience), so, the more refined your chapter is, the less time they’ll waste on addressing basic issues (which you know about already) and the more time they’ll spend on valuable feedback that will increase your mark-earning potential.

Literature Review Example

In the video below, we unpack an actual literature review so that you can see how all the core components come together in reality.

Let’s Recap

In this post, we’ve covered how to research and write up a high-quality literature review chapter. Let’s do a quick recap of the key takeaways:

• It is essential to understand the WHY of the literature review before you read or write anything. Make sure you understand the 4 core functions of the process.
• The first step is to hunt down the relevant literature . You can do this using Google Scholar, your university database, the snowballing technique and by reviewing other dissertations and theses.
• Next, you need to log all the articles in your reference manager , build your own catalogue of literature and synthesise all the research.
• Following that, you need to develop a detailed outline of your entire chapter – the more detail the better. Don’t start writing without a clear outline (on paper, not in your head!)
• Write up your first draft in rough form – don’t aim for perfection. Remember, done beats perfect.
• Refine your second draft and get a layman’s perspective on it . Then tighten it up and submit it to your supervisor.

Psst… there’s more!

This post is an extract from our bestselling short course, Literature Review Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .

38 Comments

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You’re welcome, Yinka. Thank you for the kind words. All the best writing your literature review.

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Thank you so much Derek for such useful information on writing up a good literature review. I am at a stage where I need to start writing my one. My proposal was accepted late last year but I honestly did not know where to start

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Very comprehensive and eye opener for me as beginner in postgraduate study. Well explained and easy to understand. Appreciate and good reference in guiding me in my research journey. Thank you

Thank you. I requested to download the free literature review template, however, your website wouldn’t allow me to complete the request or complete a download. May I request that you email me the free template? Thank you.

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Hydro-meteorological Research Study in Madhya Pradesh, Central India: A Literature Review

• Published: 16 August 2024

Cite this article

• Sarita Tiwari 1 ,
• Ashok Biswal 1 &
• Gajanan Ramteke 2  

Water is a crucial and invaluable natural resource essential for humanity to sustain on Earth. Around 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by salt water, which has the largest water volume, and just about 2.5% of fresh water is available for human consumption. The factors that control the spatio-temporal variability of these water resources are envisaged to be of importance. Hydrometeorology is the branch of science that deals with water resource management and understanding water availability by simultaneously using the principles of hydrology and meteorology. Extreme hydro-meteorological events like floods, droughts, and other hydro-meteorological calamities are impacting the region’s water resources. For a big state such as Madhya Pradesh, where the availability of hydro-meteorological data is critical in dealing with the management of water resources not only for the state but for the other neighbouring states, those aquifers and rivers are fed by the cross-boundary rivers of the state. Several research activities that have been carried out in Madhya Pradesh in hydrometeorology and allied disciplines by various researchers are reviewed and presented in this paper. This research paper also discussed the analysis of hydrometeorology services and highlighted the significance of hydrometeorology research at regional level. Apart from this, the major challenges faced in hydro-meteorological research in Madhya Pradesh are also highlighted in the paper.

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Tiwari, S., Biswal, A. & Ramteke, G. Hydro-meteorological Research Study in Madhya Pradesh, Central India: A Literature Review. Pure Appl. Geophys. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03553-6

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03553-6

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Strengthening akis for sustainable agricultural features: insights and innovations from the european unio: a literature review.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. data collection procedure, 2.2. identification criteria, 2.3. screening and selection criteria, 2.4. eligibility and inclusion criteria.

• The studies that were carried out or considered the 28 countries in the European Union (including the United Kingdom until 2019 and excluding Romania).
• Studies published in the English Language.
• Studies that were published within the past 11 years (the review covers the period from 2014 to 2024, a period in which the two previous Programming Periods of the Common Agricultural Policy were implemented).
• Studies covering the inclusion of a transparent description of the process of data acquisition and interpretation.
• Studies covering a primary or secondary class investigation on the subject matter.
• Studies showcasing the effects of AKISs and FASs on agricultural knowledge advancement.
• Studies published in a non-English language.
• Studies carried out outside the EU.
• Studies with unclear methodology of data collection and analysis.
• Studies lacking author names and affiliation.
• Studies not covering both the main issues of this review (i.e., AKIS and FAS).

4. Discussion

4.1. akis and fas in the foreground through the new cap, 4.2. improving the effectiveness of an akis, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Kountios, G.; Kanakaris, S.; Moulogianni, C.; Bournaris, T. Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068

Kountios G, Kanakaris S, Moulogianni C, Bournaris T. Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review. Sustainability . 2024; 16(16):7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068

Kountios, Georgios, Spyridon Kanakaris, Christina Moulogianni, and Thomas Bournaris. 2024. "Strengthening AKIS for Sustainable Agricultural Features: Insights and Innovations from the European Unio: A Literature Review" Sustainability 16, no. 16: 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167068

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