essay on life history of jawaharlal nehru in english

Jawaharlal Nehru Essay for Students and Children

500+ words jawaharlal nehru essay.

Jawaharlal Nehru Essay- Jawaharlal Nehru is the name that every Indian is aware of. Jawaharlal was quite famous among children. Due to which the children called him ‘Chacha Nehru’. Since he loved children so much the government celebrated his birthday as ‘ Children’s Day ’. Jawaharlal Nehru was a great leader. He was a person of great love for the country.

Jaw aharlal Nehru’s Early Life

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14th November 1889 in Allahabad (now Prayagraj). His father’s name was Motilal Nehru who was a good lawyer. His father was very rich because of which Nehru got the best education.

At an early age, he was sent abroad for studies. He studied in two universities of England namely Harrow and Cambridge. He completed his degree in the year 1910.

Since Nehru was an average guy in his studies he was not much interested in law. He had an interest in politics. Though he later became a lawyer and practiced law in Allahabad High Court. At the age of 24, he got married to Smt. Kamla Devi. They gave birth to a daughter who was named Indira.

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Jawaharlal Nehru as a Leader

Most Noteworthy, Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. He was a man of great vision. He was a leader, politician, and writer too. Since he always India to become a successful country he always worked day and night for the betterment of the country. Jawaharlal Nehru was a man of great vision. Most importantly he gave the slogan ‘Araam Haram Hai’.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a man of peace but he saw how Britishers treated Indians. Due to which he decided to join the freedom movement. He had a love for his country because of which he shook hands with Mahatma Gandhi (Bapu). As a result, he joined the Non-Cooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi .

In his freedom struggle, he had to face many challenges. He even went to jail many times. However, his love for the country did not get any less. He fought a great fight which results in Independence. India got its’ Independence on 15th August 1947. Because of Jawaharlal Nehru’s efforts, he was elected as the first prime minister of India.

Achievements as a Prime Minister

Nehru was a man of modern thinking. He always wanted to make India a more modern and civilized country. There was a difference between the thinking of Gandhi and Nehru. Gandhi and Nehru had different attitudes toward civilization. While Gandhi wanted an ancient India Nehru was of modern India. He always wanted India to go in a forward direction. Despite the cultural and religious differences in India.

However, there was a pressure of religious freedom in the country. At that time the main motive was to unite the country. With all the pressures Jawaharlal Nehru led the country in scientific and modern efforts.

Most importantly Jawaharlal Nehru had a great achievement. He changed ancient Hindu cultural. It helped the Hindu widows a lot. The change had given women equal rights like men. The right of inheritance and property.

Though Nehru was great prime minister a problem stressed him a lot. The Kashmir region that was claimed by both India and Pakistan. He tried to settle the dispute several times but the problem was still there.

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• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Essay

An Introduction

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the most famous freedom fighters and the first Prime Minister of independent India. Since he was such an important and inspirational figure for the country, children are taught about his personality and contributions. They are often asked to write a few lines about Jawaharlal Nehru in the form of a short note or Jawaharlal Nehru essay. Here are some lines on Jawaharlal Nehru in the form of a long and a short Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Essay is given. 

The paragraph on Jawaharlal Nehru will be helpful for the students not only in writing Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru essay in English but also for writing Pandit Jawaharlal par Nibandh in Hindi.

Long Jawaharlal Nehru Essay in English 

India has been the home to many great freedom fighters and world leaders. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is one among them. He was born on 14 th November 1889 at Allahabad, officially known as Prayagraj. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a famous barrister. In the initial years, Jawaharlal Nehru had his primary education at home. He was then sent to England for high school studies. He completed his graduation in Law from Trinity College in Cambridge and became a barrister at the Inner Temple in London. He then returned to India as he was passionate about the Indian freedom struggle.

In the fight for Indian independence, he was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. Under his guidance, Jawaharlal Nehru took an active part in the freedom struggle following the path of truth and non-violence. Due to this, he was sent to jail many times. During his one of the jail periods, he wrote the book, ‘The Discovery of India’. He also wrote a series of letters to his daughter, Indira, telling her about the rich social and cultural heritage of India and the importance of the freedom struggle. He played a very active role in the struggle for independence with Congress. He was made the president of the Indian National Congress in 1929. Under him, Congress took the pledge of complete independence from British rule. This was known as the Poorna Swaraj declaration and was officially acknowledged on 26 th November 1930. This day is celebrated as ‘The Republic Day in India when India officially adopted its constitution.

After the independence of India on 15 th August 1947, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India. Under his astute leadership and global vision, India achieved progress, prosperity, and respect on the international stage. He laid the foundation of democracy in India. He exemplified his belief in democracy at an international level by adopting the Non-Aligned Policy as part of India’s foreign policy. This made India the pioneer of the Non-Aligned Movement in the world. He believed in peaceful co-existence and therefore he signed the Panchsheel Agreement between India and China in 1961. He was a great supporter of disarmament and worked hard to create an international order of peace and brotherhood. Following the path defined by Buddha, Christ, and Nanak, he led India, the largest democracy in the world, to a position of respect in the world. 

He died on 27 th May 1964. He left behind the rich heritage of planning and development. He created a network of educational, technical, and medical institutions. One of the best examples is the establishment of a chain of the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. He left a legacy of large industrial, agricultural, irrigation, and power projects. Projects such as setting up steel plants, construction of dams, and establishing power plants led India to the path of technological and infrastructural development.

His contributions have been noteworthy in all fields. Because of this, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru came to be known as ‘The Architect of Modern India’. He was one of the few men who made a great impact on the country and the world. Being a favorite amongst the children and popularly known as ‘Chacha Nehru’, his birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India. He is and will be known for being a visionary and his beliefs for the unity of the country and the liberty of mankind.

Short Jawaharlal Nehru Essay in English

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister when India achieved independence on 15 th August 1947. He was born on 14 th November 1889 at Allahabad (which is now known as Prayagraj). Because he shared a fond relationship with children his birthday is celebrated as ‘Children’s Day in India. This is also the reason why he was famously known as ‘Chacha Nehru’. He was the son of a famous barrister Motilal Nehru and his wife Swaroop Rani. 

He went for his high school studies in London. He finished his graduation in Law from Trinity College, Cambridge, and practiced law at Inner Temple in London. He came to India to fight for Indian Independence. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, he worked for independence with the Indian National Congress.

When he was in jail from 1942 to 1946 he wrote, ‘The Discovery of India’. His inaugural speech as the first Prime Minister of independent India, ‘Tryst with Destiny’, is widely popular. His vision established several prominent educational, technological, and medical institutions. His contributions to diverse fields such as industrial, agricultural, projects, and foreign policies put India in a respectable position on the world map.

Timeline of  Jawaharlal Nehru's Life

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14  November 1889 in Allahabad (Now officially named as Prayagraj). His father was Motilal Nehru and his mother was Swaroop Rani, both belong to the Kashmiri pandit community.

In 1905, he started his institutional schooling at Harrow, (a leading school in England), with the nickname of Joe.

In October 1907, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, to pursue the course on an honors degree in natural science.

After his degree was completed in 1910, he started studying law at the Inner Temple Inn.

In the year 1912, he returned to India and tried to settle down as a barrister like his father.

Within months of returning to India, he attended the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Patna and from there started playing his part as a Freedom fighter.

He married Kamala Kaul in 1916 and had a daughter named Indra in 1917.

At the time of the non-cooperation movement in 1920, he made his first big involvement in national politics. And also had to go to jail many times due to their involvement in such activities.

He also internationalized the Indian Freedom struggle and sought foreign allies for India. He forged links with others movements for independence and democracy. His efforts paid off in the year 1927 when Congress was invited to the congress of oppressed nationalities in Brussels, Belgium

From the year 1939, At the start of World War 2, Congress under Nehru decided to help the British but on the fulfillment of certain conditions, one of which was the assurance of complete independence of India after the war and right to frame a new constitution, but the British didn’t agree.

After the war, India somehow got Independence from the British, but sadly India was divided into two nations, Pakistan and modern-day India. And Nehru was elected as the Prime minister of this nation.

He led the country with his modern thinking and worked on the modernization of the Hindu religion.

At last, he died on 27th May, in 1962 due to a cardiac arrest.

This essay on Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru will be beneficial to the students for both English and Hindi language. This simple Jawaharlal Nehru essay can be easily translated into Hindi helping the students to write ‘Jawaharlal Nehru par Nibandh’ in Hindi.

FAQs on Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Essay

1. Who was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru?

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian freedom fighter and later the first Prime Minister of independent India. He belonged to a family of Kashmiri pandits and was the son of Motilal Nehru and Swaroop Rani. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, he fought for the complete independence of India from British rule along with many other freedom fighters. 

2. Who was the First Prime Minister of India?

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was a very active freedom fighter and fought for the independence of India against British rule. He was a member of the Indian National Congress and actively participated in the struggle for independence under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi. 

3. How was Jawaharlal Nehru’s life as a leader and the prime minister of India?

Most Noteworthy, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected to be the first Prime Minister of Free India. He was considered a man of great thinking and modern thinking. He worked day and night for the betterment of the country and was also given the slogan Aaram Haram Hai. 

As PM, he wanted India to go in a forward direction in a scientific and modern way, despite the cultural and religious differences that existed in India in the past. The biggest achievement of Nehru as a PM will be the modernization of the Hindu religion. He helped a lot to change the Hindu cultures and practices. And by doing so, he made Hinduism a modern religion. Due to his changes, women were given equal rights as men.

4. Discuss the early life of Jawaharlal Nehru?

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad, now known as Prayagraj at the house of their father - Motilal Nehru, and Mother - Swaroop Rani. Nehru writes about his early life as a sheltered and uneventful one in his autobiography. His father was a self-made wealthy barrister and belongs to the Kashmiri Pandit community. Hence, he grew up in an atmosphere of privilege in a wealthy home. In his youth, he started developing nationalist feelings and became an ardent nationalist. He was amused by the idea of Indian freedom and Asiatic freedom from the thraldom of Europe.

5. What was in his inaugural speech as the Prime Minister of independent India Tryst with Destiny?

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, after becoming the PM of the Independent state of India, gave his inaugural speech at midnight on the eve of India’s independence (on 15 August 1947), which became quite famous and named Tryst with Destiny. This speech is considered the best speech of the 20th century. It fits well with that special day and captures the essence of the last day of the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule in India.

Essay on Jawaharlal Nehru in English (150, 200, 250, 500 Words)

Here, we’ve presented essays on “Jawaharlal Nehru” in 150, 200, 250 & 500 word samples. All the essays will be helpful for students of all classes i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & class 12.

Table of Contents

Essay on Jawaharlal Nehru in 150 Words

Introduction.

Jawaharlal Nehru, often referred to as Pandit Nehru, was a prominent figure in Indian history. Born on November 14, 1889, he played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement and became the first Prime Minister of independent India in 1947. Nehru’s leadership during the formative years of the nation left a lasting impact on its political, social, and economic landscape.

Early Life and Education

Jawaharlal Nehru was born into a wealthy Kashmiri Brahmin family in Allahabad. He received his education in England, studying at Harrow and later at Trinity College, Cambridge. His exposure to Western political thought and ideals greatly influenced his perspective on India’s struggle for independence. Nehru’s early activism and involvement in nationalist politics shaped his commitment to fighting colonial rule and advocating for India’s self-rule.

Role in the Indian Independence Movement

Nehru emerged as one of the key leaders of the Indian National Congress, working closely with Mahatma Gandhi to mobilize the masses and organize protests against British rule. His eloquence and vision for a modern, secular India resonated with people across the country. Nehru’s tenure as Prime Minister was marked by his emphasis on social justice, secularism, and economic development through industrialization and planned initiatives.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy as a statesman, visionary leader, and architect of modern India endures to this day. His contributions to nation-building, commitment to democracy, and advocacy for social equality continue to inspire generations. Nehru’s emphasis on education, scientific temper, and internationalism laid the foundation for India’s growth as a progressive and pluralistic democracy.

Jawaharlal Nehru Essay in 200 Words

Jawaharlal Nehru, a towering figure in Indian history, was born on November 14, 1889. Serving as India’s first Prime Minister from 1947 to 1964, Nehru played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s destiny during its formative years post-independence.

Nehru hailed from a privileged background, born into a prominent Kashmiri Brahmin family in Allahabad. Educated in England, he imbibed Western political ideals while studying at Harrow and later at Trinity College, Cambridge. His exposure to diverse philosophies and cultures significantly influenced his worldview.

Leadership in the Independence Movement

Nehru’s journey as a leader began with his active involvement in the Indian National Congress, where he worked alongside Mahatma Gandhi. His eloquence, charisma, and unwavering commitment to India’s freedom endeared him to the masses. Nehru’s steadfast advocacy for non-violence and civil disobedience galvanized the nation against British colonial rule.

Architect of Modern India

As Prime Minister, Nehru prioritized nation-building, emphasizing secularism, democracy, and economic development. His vision for a modern, industrialized India led to the establishment of key institutions and initiatives aimed at fostering growth and progress.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s enduring legacy lies in his indelible contributions to India’s socio-political fabric. His ideals of democracy, secularism, and social justice continue to shape the nation’s ethos. Nehru’s legacy serves as a guiding light for future generations, inspiring them to uphold the values of inclusivity, progress, and unity.

Essay Writing on Jawaharlal Nehru in 250 Words

Jawaharlal Nehru, born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India, was a pivotal figure in the country’s struggle for independence and subsequent nation-building efforts. Serving as India’s first Prime Minister from 1947 to 1964, Nehru’s leadership left an indelible mark on the nation’s trajectory.

Nehru’s upbringing in a politically conscious family laid the foundation for his later activism. He pursued higher education in England, graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1910. Nehru’s exposure to Western political thought, coupled with his Indian roots, shaped his vision for a free and democratic India.

Joining the Indian National Congress, Nehru emerged as a prominent leader, advocating for India’s independence from British rule. His tenure as Congress president in 1929 coincided with the historic Lahore session where the demand for complete independence was articulated through the famous “Purna Swaraj” declaration. Nehru’s role in organizing the Quit India Movement in 1942 further solidified his position as a central figure in the freedom struggle.

As Prime Minister, Nehru spearheaded initiatives to promote education, healthcare, and industrialization. The establishment of premier institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) reflected his commitment to fostering a skilled workforce and technological advancement. Nehru’s economic policies, outlined in the Five-Year Plans, aimed at achieving self-sufficiency and equitable growth.

Legacy and Influence

Nehru’s legacy extends beyond his political contributions. His emphasis on secularism, democracy, and social justice laid the groundwork for India’s pluralistic identity. Nehru’s advocacy for non-alignment in foreign policy paved the way for India’s role as a leader in the non-aligned movement during the Cold War era.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy as a statesman, visionary leader, and nation-builder remains unparalleled. His progressive ideals continue to guide India’s journey towards development and inclusive growth. Nehru’s enduring influence serves as a beacon of inspiration for future leaders and generations to uphold the values of democracy, secularism, and social equity.

Writing an Essay on Jawaharlal Nehru in 500 Words

Jawaharlal Nehru, born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India, was a towering figure in the country’s struggle for independence and subsequent nation-building efforts. Serving as India’s first Prime Minister from 1947 to 1964, Nehru’s leadership left an indelible mark on the nation’s trajectory. His vision, charisma, and commitment to democratic values continue to shape India’s identity and aspirations.

Nehru was born into a prominent Kashmiri Brahmin family deeply involved in India’s nationalist movement. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent lawyer and leader of the Indian National Congress. Nehru’s upbringing in a politically conscious environment instilled in him a sense of duty towards his nation. He pursued higher education in England, graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1910. Nehru’s exposure to Western political thought, coupled with his Indian roots, shaped his vision for a free and democratic India.

Nehru’s political journey began with his active involvement in the Indian National Congress, where he emerged as a prominent leader advocating for India’s independence from British rule. His tenure as Congress president in 1929 coincided with the historic Lahore session where the demand for complete independence was articulated through the famous “Purna Swaraj” declaration. Nehru’s role in organizing the Quit India Movement in 1942 further solidified his position as a central figure in the freedom struggle.

As Prime Minister, Nehru embarked on an ambitious agenda to build a modern, industrialized India. He prioritized initiatives to promote education, healthcare, and scientific research. The establishment of premier institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) reflected his commitment to fostering a skilled workforce and technological advancement. Nehru’s economic policies, outlined in the Five-Year Plans, aimed at achieving self-sufficiency and equitable growth.

Foreign Policy and International Relations

Nehru’s foreign policy was characterized by non-alignment, striving to maintain India’s independence and neutrality amidst Cold War tensions. He played a pivotal role in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, advocating for solidarity among developing nations. Nehru’s emphasis on diplomacy and peaceful coexistence helped establish India as a key player on the global stage.

Challenges and Criticisms

Despite his contributions, Nehru’s leadership faced challenges and criticisms. Economic stagnation, especially in agrarian sectors, and tensions with neighboring countries like China and Pakistan posed significant challenges to Nehruvian ideals. Critics also pointed to his centralized approach to governance and the legacy of colonial-era bureaucracy as impediments to India’s progress.

Nehru’s legacy extends beyond his political contributions. His emphasis on secularism, democracy, and social justice laid the groundwork for India’s pluralistic identity. Nehru’s advocacy for non-alignment in foreign policy paved the way for India’s role as a leader in the non-aligned movement during the Cold War era. His commitment to democratic principles and inclusive development continues to inspire leaders and citizens alike.

Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy as a statesman, visionary leader, and nation-builder remains unparalleled. His progressive ideals continue to guide India’s journey towards development and inclusive growth. Nehru’s enduring influence serves as a beacon of inspiration for future leaders and generations to uphold the values of democracy, secularism, and social equity, ensuring that his vision for a vibrant and prosperous India endures for generations to come.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

(1889-1964)

Who Was Jawaharlal Nehru?

Jawaharlal Nehru joined the Indian National Congress and joined Indian Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi’s independence movement. In 1947, Pakistan was created as a new, independent country for Muslims. The British withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister.

Nehru was born in Allahabad, India in 1889. His father was a renowned lawyer and one of Mahatma Gandhi's notable lieutenants. A series of English governesses and tutors educated Nehru at home until he was 16. He continued his education in England, first at the Harrow School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honors degree in natural science. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London before returning home to India in 1912 and practicing law for several years. Four years later, Nehru married Kamala Kaul; their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born in 1917. Like her father, Indira would later serve as prime minister of India under her married name: Indira Gandhi . A family of high achievers, one of Nehru's sisters, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, later became the first woman president of the UN General Assembly.

Entering Politics

In 1919, while traveling on a train, Nehru overheard British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer gloating over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The massacre, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar, was an incident in which 379 people were killed and at least 1,200 wounded when the British military stationed there continuously fired for ten minutes on a crowd of unarmed Indians. Upon hearing Dyer’s words, Nehru vowed to fight the British. The incident changed the course of his life.

This period in Indian history was marked by a wave of nationalist activity and governmental repression. Nehru joined the Indian National Congress, one of India's two major political parties. Nehru was deeply influenced by the party's leader, Gandhi. It was Gandhi's insistence on action to bring about change and greater autonomy from the British that sparked Nehru's interest the most.

The British didn't give in easily to Indian demands for freedom, and in late 1921, the Congress Party's central leaders and workers were banned from operating in some provinces. Nehru went to prison for the first time as the ban took effect; over the next 24 years, he was to serve a total of nine sentences, adding up to more than nine years in jail. Always leaning to the left politically, Nehru studied Marxism while imprisoned. Though he found himself interested in the philosophy but repelled by some of its methods, from then on the backdrop of Nehru's economic thinking was Marxist, adjusted as necessary to Indian conditions.

Marching Toward Indian Independence

In 1928, after years of struggle on behalf of Indian emancipation, Nehru was named president of the Indian National Congress. (In fact, hoping that Nehru would attract India's youth to the party, Gandhi had engineered Nehru's rise.) The next year, Nehru led the historic session at Lahore that proclaimed complete independence as India's political goal. November 1930 saw the start of the Round Table Conferences, which convened in London and hosted British and Indian officials working toward a plan of eventual independence.

After his father's death in 1931, Nehru became more embedded in the workings of the Congress Party and became closer to Gandhi, attending the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. Signed in March 1931 by Gandhi and the British viceroy Lord Irwin, the pact declared a truce between the British and India's independence movement. The British agreed to free all political prisoners and Gandhi agreed to end the civil disobedience movement he had been coordinating for years.

Unfortunately, the pact did not instantly usher in a peaceful climate in British-controlled India, and both Nehru and Gandhi were jailed in early 1932 on charges of attempting to mount another civil disobedience movement. Neither man attended the third Round Table Conference. (Gandhi was jailed soon after his return as the sole Indian representative attending the second Round Table Conference.) The third and final conference did, however, result in the Government of India Act of 1935, giving the Indian provinces a system of autonomous government in which elections would be held to name provincial leaders. By the time the 1935 act was signed into law, Indians began to see Nehru as the natural heir to Gandhi, who didn’t designate Nehru as his political successor until the early 1940s. Gandhi said in January 1941, "[Jawaharlal Nehru and I] had differences from the time we became co-workers and yet I have said for some years and say so now that ... Jawaharlal will be my successor."

World War II

At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, British viceroy Lord Linlithgow committed India to the war effort without consulting the now-autonomous provincial ministries. In response, the Congress Party withdrew its representatives from the provinces and Gandhi staged a limited civil disobedience movement in which he and Nehru were jailed yet again.

Nehru spent a little over a year in jail and was released with other Congress prisoners three days before Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. When Japanese troops soon moved near the borders of India in the spring of 1942, the British government decided to enlist India to combat this new threat, but Gandhi, who still essentially had the reins of the movement, would accept nothing less than independence and called on the British to leave India. Nehru reluctantly joined Gandhi in his hardline stance and the pair were again arrested and jailed, this time for nearly three years.

By 1947, within two years of Nehru's release, simmering animosity had reached a fever pitch between the Congress Party and the Muslim League, who had always wanted more power in a free India. The last British viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, was charged with finalizing the British roadmap for withdrawal with a plan for a unified India. Despite his reservations, Nehru acquiesced to Mountbatten and the Muslim League's plan to divide India, and in August 1947, Pakistan was created—the new country Muslim and India predominantly Hindu. The British withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister.

The First Prime Minister of Independent India

Domestic policy.

The importance of Nehru in the context of Indian history can be distilled to the following points: he imparted modern values and thought, stressed secularism, insisted upon the basic unity of India, and, in the face of ethnic and religious diversity, carried India into the modern age of scientific innovation and technological progress. He also prompted social concern for the marginalized and poor and respect for democratic values.

Nehru was especially proud to reform the antiquated Hindu civil code. Finally, Hindu widows could enjoy equality with men in matters of inheritance and property. Nehru also changed Hindu law to criminalize caste discrimination.

Nehru's administration established many Indian institutions of higher learning, including the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institutes of Technology, and the National Institutes of Technology, and guaranteed in his five-year plans free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children.

National Security and International Policy

The Kashmir region—which was claimed by both India and Pakistan—was a perennial problem throughout Nehru's leadership, and his cautious efforts to settle the dispute ultimately failed, resulting in Pakistan making an unsuccessful attempt to seize Kashmir by force in 1948. The region has remained in dispute into the 21st century.

Internationally, starting in the late 1940s, both the United States and the U.S.S.R. began seeking out India as an ally in the Cold War, but Nehru led efforts toward a "nonalignment policy," by which India and other nations wouldn’t feel the need to tie themselves to either dueling country to thrive. To this end, Nehru co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement of nations professing neutrality.

Recognizing the People's Republic of China soon after its founding, and as a strong supporter of the United Nations, Nehru argued for China’s inclusion in the UN and sought to establish warm and friendly relations with the neighboring country. His pacifist and inclusive policies with respect to China came undone when border disputes led to the Sino-Indian war in 1962, which ended when China declared a ceasefire on November 20, 1962, and announced its withdrawal from the disputed area in the Himalayas.

Nehru's four pillars of domestic policies were democracy, socialism, unity, and secularism, and he largely succeeded in maintaining a strong foundation of all four during his tenure as president. While serving his country, he enjoyed iconic status and was widely admired internationally for his idealism and statesmanship. His birthday, November 14, is celebrated in India as Baal Divas ("Children's Day") in recognition of his lifelong passion and work on behalf of children and young people.

Nehru's only child, Indira, served as India's prime minister from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984 when she was assassinated. Her son, Rajiv Gandhi, was prime minister from 1984 to 1989, when he was also assassinated.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Birth Year: 1889
• Birth date: November 14, 1889
• Birth City: Allahabad
• Birth Country: India
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi’s father, was a leader of India’s nationalist movement and became India’s first prime minister after its independence.
• Civil Rights
• World Politics
• War and Militaries
• Astrological Sign: Scorpio
• Trinity College
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1964
• Death date: May 27, 1964
• Death City: New Delhi
• Death Country: India

We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us !

CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Jawaharlal Nehru Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jawaharlal-nehru
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

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Jawaharlal Nehru

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 21, 2018 | Original: November 9, 2009

An influential leader in the Indian independence movement and political heir of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru became the nation’s first prime minister in 1947. Although faced with the challenge of uniting a vast population diverse in culture, language and religion, he successfully established various economic, social and educational reforms that earned him the respect and admiration of millions of Indians. His policies of non-alignment and Panchscheel—principles of peaceful coexistence—guided India’s international relations until the outbreak of the Sino-Indian War in 1962, which contributed to his declining health and subsequent death in 1964, ending his 17-years in office. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, and grandson, Rajiv Gandhi, later served as prime ministers.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Early Life and Family

Jawaharlal Nehru was born into an affluent Kashmiri Brahman family in Allahabad on November 14, 1889. Tutored at home until the age of 15, Nehru subsequently attended Harrow in England and, later, Trinity College, Cambridge. After studying law at London’s Inner Temple, he returned to India at the age of 22 where he practiced law with his father and prominent barrister, Motilal Nehru.

Did you know? In 1949, after zookeepers had killed most of Tokyo’s wild animals to prevent them from escaping during World War II air raids, Nehru delighted Japanese children by presenting Ueno Zoo with an Indian elephant.

In 1916, four years after his parents had made the suitable arrangement, Nehru married 17-year-old Kamala Kaul. The following year, their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Political Awakening

Upon learning of esteemed theosophist Annie Besant’s arrest in 1917, Nehru was moved to join the All India Home Rule League, an organization devoted to obtaining self-government within the British Empire. In April 1919, British troops opened fire on thousands of unarmed civilians who had been protesting recently passed legislation that permitted the detainment of suspected political foes without trial. The Massacre of Amritsar, in which 379 Indians were killed and more than a thousand others were wounded, outraged Nehru and further solidified his resolve to win India’s independence.

During the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) led by Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru was imprisoned for the first time for activities against the British government and, over the course of the next two and a half decades, spent a total of nine years in jail.

In 1929, Jawaharlal was elected president of the Indian National Congress—his first leadership role in politics—whereby he promoted the goal of complete independence from Britain as opposed to dominion status. In response to Britain’s declaration of India’s participation in the war against Germany at the onset of World War II without consulting Indian leaders, members of Congress passed the Quit India resolution on August 8, 1942, demanding political freedom from Britain in exchange for support in the war effort. The following day, the British government arrested all Congress leaders, including Nehru and Gandhi.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Challenges and Legacy as Prime Minister

On August 15, 1947, India finally gained its independence and Nehru became the nation’s first prime minister. Amid the celebration of newly acquired freedom, there was also considerable turmoil. The mass displacement that followed partition into the separate nations of Pakistan and India, along with disputes over control of Kashmir, resulted in the loss of property and lives for several hundred thousand Muslims and Hindus.

Throughout his 17-year leadership, Nehru advocated democratic socialism and secularism and encouraged India’s industrialization beginning with the implementation of the first of his five-year plans in 1951, which emphasized the importance of increasing agricultural production. He also promoted scientific and technological advancements through the establishment of higher learning, and instituted various social reforms such as free public education and meals for Indian children, legal rights for women—including the ability to inherit property and divorce their husbands—and laws to prohibit discrimination based on caste.

During the Cold War , Nehru adopted a policy of non-alignment in which he professed neutrality, but was criticized when he refused to condemn the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and later requested foreign aid after China invaded India’s northern border in 1962. The conflict, known as the Sino-Indian War, had a deleterious effect on Nehru’s health, resulting in a severe stroke in January of 1964 and his death a few months later on May 27.

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Essay on Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in English For Students

Jawaharlal Nehru served as India's first prime minister after Independence . He participated in the fierce struggle of the freedom fighters for our nation's Independence. Nehru, also known as Pandit Nehru, was born into a Kashmiri Pandit family. Children often referred to him as Chacha Nehru because of his love for them. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Jawaharlal Nehru’.

100 Words Essay On Jawaharlal Nehru

200 words essay on jawaharlal nehru, 500 words essay on jawaharlal nehru.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru served as India's first prime minister after the country attained Independence on August 15, 1947 . He was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad (now known as Prayagraj). His birthday is observed in India as "Children's Day" because he had a warm relationship with kids. His father worked as a lawyer. Nehru was one of the freedom fighters who fought to free India from the Britishers. He had a profound impact on the beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi . He pursued a legal education while participating in the liberation fight with Gandhi. He spent several times in jail for his independence activism. Later, in 1929, he was chosen to serve as the Indian National Congress's president.

Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first prime minister after independence. He had excellent vision, and also he was a politician, a writer, and a leader. He always worked day and night to improve the nation because he wanted India to prosper. Jawaharlal Nehru was a visionary leader. The most significant thing he said was "Araam Haram Hai".

He travelled to London to complete his high school education. He obtained his law degree from Trinity College in Cambridge and began practising at London's Inner Temple. To fight for India’s Independence, he travelled back to India. He wrote the Discovery of India while imprisoned between 1942 and 1946.

Despite being a man of peace, Jawaharlal Nehru witnessed how the British abused Indians. He decided to join the liberation movement as a result. He shook hands with Mahatma Gandhi out of his passion for his nation. He joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation movement.

He had a lot of obstacles to overcome in his fight for freedom. He even spent a lot of time in jail. He did not, however, lose his affection for the nation. He put up a brave battle that led to Independence. Jawaharlal Nehru worked hard to win the position of India's first prime minister.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a prominent Indian freedom fighter and the first Prime Minister of India. He was one of the key leaders of the Indian Independence Movement and played a vital role in the country's struggle for freedom from British colonial rule. He was also a statesman, political leader, and writer who is remembered for his contributions to the development of modern India.

Early Life And Education

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, British India. He was the son of a prominent lawyer and politician, Motilal Nehru . Nehru received his early education at home, under the guidance of private tutors. He later attended Harrow School in London, where he studied history, politics, and economics. He then went on to study at Cambridge University, where he earned a degree in natural sciences.

Involvement In Indian Independence Movement

After completing his education, Nehru returned to India and became actively involved in the Indian Independence Movement. He joined the Indian National Congress and quickly rose through the ranks to become one of its key leaders. He was a leading figure in the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Salt Satyagraha, and the Quit India Movement. He was arrested several times for his involvement in the freedom struggle and served over nine years in prison.

Leadership As Prime Minister

After India's independence in 1947, Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India. He served as Prime Minister for 17 years, until his death in 1964. During his tenure, he played a vital role in shaping the new nation and making it into a modern, secular, and democratic country. He implemented various policies and programs aimed at improving the lives of the Indian people and promoting the country's economic development. He also played a key role in international affairs, particularly in the Non-Aligned Movement.

Jawaharlal Nehru's legacy continues to be felt in India today. He is remembered for his contributions to the country's freedom struggle and for his leadership as Prime Minister. He is also remembered for his contributions to the development of modern India, particularly in the fields of education, science, and technology. His birthday, November 14 , is celebrated in India as Children's Day in his honor, recognizing his love and affection for children.

Lessons His Life

Importance Of Education | Jawaharlal Nehru was a highly educated man, who believed in the power of education to transform lives and societies. He implemented various policies and programs aimed at improving the education system in India and increasing access to education for all. We can learn from his example the importance of education and the role it plays in personal and societal development.

Power Of Perseverance | Nehru spent many years in prison for his involvement in the Indian Independence Movement. Despite the challenges he faced, he never gave up on his fight for freedom and never wavered in his commitment to the cause. We can learn from his example the power of perseverance and the importance of staying true to one's beliefs.

Public Service | Nehru's life was dedicated to serving the people of India. He worked tirelessly to improve their lives and to build a better nation. We can learn from his example the importance of public service and the role it plays in making a difference in society.

Leadership | Nehru was a visionary leader who played a key role in shaping the new nation of India. He had a clear vision for the future of the country and worked tirelessly to make it a reality. We can learn from his example the importance of strong leadership and the role it plays in shaping the future of a nation.

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Essay on Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru, often lovingly referred to as “Chacha Nehru,” was a remarkable leader who played a pivotal role in shaping modern India. In this essay, we will explore the life, achievements, and enduring legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Thesis Statement

Jawaharlal Nehru’s visionary leadership, dedication to India’s independence, and commitment to social progress make him an iconic figure in Indian history.

Early Life and Education

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, into a prominent family. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a successful lawyer, and his mother, Swarup Rani Nehru, was a woman of great intellectual depth. Young Nehru received a world-class education in India and later at Harrow and Cambridge University in England. His education exposed him to diverse ideas and perspectives.

Role in India’s Independence Movement

Nehru’s journey into politics began with his involvement in India’s struggle for independence. He was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience. Nehru became an active member of the Indian National Congress and worked tirelessly to free India from British colonial rule. He participated in numerous protests, was arrested several times, and even spent years in prison for his dedication to the cause.

Leadership During Challenging Times

After India gained independence in 1947, Nehru was chosen as its first Prime Minister. He faced enormous challenges as he took on the responsibility of leading a newly free nation. India was divided along religious lines into India and Pakistan, leading to widespread communal violence. Nehru’s leadership during this turbulent period was crucial in maintaining unity and promoting a secular and inclusive vision for India.

Architect of Modern India

Nehru was not only a political leader but also an architect of modern India. He laid the foundation for democratic institutions, a free press, and a mixed economy. His policies promoted industrialization and scientific research. He believed in the importance of education and established institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) to foster academic excellence.

International Statesman

Nehru’s influence extended beyond India’s borders. He played a significant role on the global stage, advocating for peace and cooperation among nations. He was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, a group of nations that remained neutral in the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nehru’s commitment to peaceful coexistence and his efforts to bridge divides made him a respected international statesman.

Commitment to Social Equality

Nehru was deeply committed to social equality and justice. He worked to eradicate untouchability and promote the rights of women. His government implemented land reforms to address rural poverty and launched programs to provide healthcare and education to the underprivileged. Nehru’s dedication to social progress continues to inspire efforts to improve the lives of all Indians.

Legacy and Children’s Day

Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy lives on not only in India’s history books but also in the hearts of its people. To honor his love for children and his belief in their potential, India celebrates his birthday, November 14th, as Children’s Day. On this day, schools and institutions across the country organize special events and activities to celebrate the innocence and promise of children.

Nehru’s Enduring Influence

Even after his passing in 1964, Nehru’s ideas and vision continue to shape India’s identity. His commitment to democracy, secularism, and social justice remains integral to India’s values and aspirations. The institutions he established have played a crucial role in India’s progress, and his leadership in challenging times continues to inspire leaders worldwide.

A Visionary Leader Remembered

In every corner of India, you will find buildings, universities, and scholarships named after Jawaharlal Nehru. His life and achievements remind us of the power of dedication, leadership, and the pursuit of a better world. Nehru’s vision for India as a vibrant, diverse, and inclusive nation continues to guide us today.

Conclusion of Essay on Jawaharlal Nehru

In conclusion, Jawaharlal Nehru’s life and contributions to India are a testament to the transformative power of leadership, dedication, and a vision for a better future. As India’s first Prime Minister, he played a pivotal role in securing the nation’s independence and shaping its destiny. His commitment to democracy, secularism, and social progress has left an indelible mark on India’s identity. Nehru’s legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians and serves as a reminder that with determination and a vision for a just and inclusive society, remarkable change is possible. History will forever remember Jawaharlal Nehru as a visionary leader who guided India to find its place in the world and set it on a path of progress and unity.

Also Check: How To Write An Essay