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Concise Guide to Critical Thinking 2nd Edition

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• ISBN-10 0197535798
• ISBN-13 978-0197535790
• Edition 2nd
• Publisher Oxford University Press
• Publication date October 1, 2020
• Language English
• Dimensions 9.2 x 0.6 x 6.5 inches
• Print length 400 pages
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (October 1, 2020)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 400 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0197535798
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0197535790
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.15 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 9.2 x 0.6 x 6.5 inches
• #107 in Logic (Books)
• #858 in Philosophy of Logic & Language

About the author

Lewis vaughn.

Lewis Vaughn is the author or coauthor of several books, including: Philosophy Here and Now (2013); Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases, Second Edition (2013); Great Philosophical Arguments (2012); Classics of Philosophy (2011); Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, Eighth Edition (2012); How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age, Sixth Edition (2011); Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning and Contemporary Issues, Third Edition (2013); Doing Philosophy: An Introduction Through Thought Experiments, Fourth Edition (2010); The Moral Life, Fourth Edition (2011); and Writing Philosophy: A Student's Guide to Writing Philosophy Essays (OUP, 2005).

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Concise Guide to Critical Thinking 2nd edition

Lewis Vaughn

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Publisher Description

Lewis Vaughn's Concise Guide to Critical Thinking, Second Edition, offers a compact, clear, and economical introduction to critical thinking and argumentative writing. Based on his best-selling text, The Power of Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition, this affordable volume is more manageable than larger textbooks yet more substantial than many of the smaller critical thinking handbooks.

Optimize Student Learning with the Oxford Insight Study Guide

All new print and digital copies of Concise Guide to Critical Thinking, Second Edition, include access to the Oxford Insight Study Guide, a data-driven, personalized digital learning tool that reinforces key concepts from the text and encourages effective reading and study habits. Developed with a learning-science-based design, Oxford Insight Study Guide engages students in an active and highly dynamic review of chapter content, empowering them to critically assess their own understanding of course material. Real-time, actionable data generated by student activity in the tool helps instructors ensure that each student is best supported along their unique learning path.

Visit www.oup.com/he/vaughn concise2e for a wealth of additional digital resources for students and instructors.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings

WHY IT MATTERS

CLAIMS AND REASONS

REASONS AND ARGUMENTS

ARGUMENTS IN THE ROUGH

CHAPTER 2. Obstacles to Critical Thinking

PSYCHOLOGICAL OBSTACLES

Self-Centered Thinking

Group-Centered Thinking

Resisting Contrary Evidence

Looking for Confirming Evidence

Preferring Available Evidence

Motivated Reasoning

Mere Exposure Effect

Illusion-of-Truth Effect

False Consensus Effect

THE DUNNING-KRUGER EFFECT

PHILOSOPHICAL OBSTACLES

Subjective Relativism

Social Relativism

CHAPTER 3. Identifying and Evaluating Arguments

ARGUMENT BASICS

JUDGING ARGUMENTS

UNCOVERING IMPLIED PREMISES

ASSESSING LONG ARGUMENTS

CHAPTER 4. Deductive Argument Patterns

COMMON FORMS

Modus Ponens

Modus Tollens

Hypothetical Syllogism

Disjunctive Syllogism

Invalid Argument Forms

REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM

CHAPTER 5. Inductive Arguments and Statistics

ENUMERATIVE INDUCTION

Sample Size

Representativeness

OPINION POLLS

ANALOGICAL INDUCTION

Relevant Similarities

Relevant Dissimilarities

The Number of Instances Compared

Diversity Among Cases

CHAPTER 6. Evidence and Experts

EXPERTS AND NONEXPERTS

JUDGING EXPERTS

EXPERTS AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

Expectation

INNUMERACY AND PROBABILITY

CHAPTER 7. Fake News

TAXONOMY OF MISINFORMATION

TELLING FAKE FROM REAL

Read Laterally

Read Critically

Use Google and Wikipedia Carefully

Check Your Own Biases

FAKE IMAGES

CHAPTER 8. Advertising: Commercial and Political

HOW ADVERTISING WORKS

INTERNET ADVERTISING

POLITICAL ADVERTISING

CHAPTER 9. Causal Arguments

TESTING FOR CAUSES

Agreement or Difference

Both Agreement and Difference

Correlation

CAUSAL CONFUSIONS

Misidentifying Relevant Factors

Mishandling Multiple Factors

Being Misled by Coincidence

Confusing Cause with Temporal Order

Confusing Cause and Effect

NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS

CHAPTER 10. Inference to the Best Explanation

EXPLANATIONS AND INFERENCE

THEORIES AND CONSISTENCY

THEORIES AND CRITERIA

Testability

Fruitfulness

Conservatism

TELLING GOOD THEORIES FROM BAD

A Doomed Flight

An Amazing Cure

CHAPTER 11. Judging Scientific Theories

WHAT SCIENCE IS AND IS NOT

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

TESTING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

JUDGING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES

Copernicus Versus Ptolemy

Climate Change

SCIENCE AND WEIRD THEORIES

MAKING WEIRD MISTAKES

Leaping to the Weirdest Theory

Mixing What Seems with What Is

Misunderstanding the Possibilities

JUDGING WEIRD THEORIES

Crop Circles

Talking with the Dead

CHAPTER 12. Fallacies and Persuaders

FALLACIES: IRRELEVANT PREMISES

Genetic Fallacy

Composition

Appeal to the Person

Equivocation

Appeal to Popularity

Appeal to Tradition

Appeal to Ignorance

Appeal to Emotion

Red Herring

Two Wrongs Make a Right

FALLACIES: UNACCEPTABLE PREMISES

Begging the Question

False Dilemma

Decision-Point Fallacy

Slippery Slope

Hasty Generalization

PERSUADERS: RHETORICAL MOVES

Euphemisms and Dysphemisms

Stereotyping

Rhetorical Definitions

CHAPTER 13. Critical Thinking in Morality

MORAL ARGUMENTS

MORAL PREMISES

MORAL THEORIES

Evaluating Moral Theories

Two Important Theories

Appendix A: Answers to Exercises

Appendix B: Answers to Self-Assessment Quizzes

Concise Guide to Critical Thinking

Second Edition

Lewis Vaughn

$157.95 AUD

$178.99 NZD

Description

Request an inspection copy.

Concise Guide to Critical Thinking, second edition, offers a compact, clear, and economical introduction to critical thinking and argumentative writing. Based on the authors best-selling text,  The Power of Critical Thinking, sixth edition, this affordable volume is more manageable than larger textbooks yet more substantial than many of the smaller critical thinking handbooks.

NEW TO THIS EDITION

• New chapter on fake news that shows how to identify fake news, distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate reasons for accepting a claim, assess the reliability of online information by reading laterally, use Google and Wikipedia judiciously, identify and use trustworthy fact-checkers, and understand the ethical implications of sharing fake news
• New chapter on commercial and political advertising that explains how online targeted advertising works, how political video ads can present false or misleading messages, and why the most insidious and relentless political ads may be the ones that we see on Facebook
• Coverage of even more psychological obstacles to critical thinking, including motivated reasoning, the mere exposure effect, the false consensus effect, the illusion-of-truth effect, and the Dunning-Kruger effect
• A revised discussion of how to judge experts, supplemented with a "hierarchy of reliability" chart-a general ranking of trustworthiness for the sources that we rely on for most of our knowledge
• New section in Chapter 11: Judging Scientific Theories on how to think critically and scientifically about climate change
• New material in Chapter 12: Fallacies and Persuaders discusses of the now-prevalent fallacy of  whataboutism and provides a checklist of techniques for dealing with online ad hominem attacks.

1. Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings 2. Obstacles to Critical Thinking 3. Identifying and Evaluation Arguments 4. Deductive Argument Patterns 5. Inductive Arguments and Statistics 6. Evidence and Experts 7. Fake News 8. Advertising: Commercial and Political 9. Casual Arguments 10. Inference to the Best Explanation 11. Judging Scientific Theories 12. Fallacies and Persuaders 13. Critical Thinking in Morality

Lewis Vaughn is the author or coauthor of several textbooks, including  Applying Critical Thinking to Modern Media (2020),  Living Philosophy, Third Edition (2020),  Bioethics, Fourth Edition (2019),  The Power of Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition (2018), and  Philosophy Here and Now, Third Edition (2018).

"Vaughn's  Concise Guide is probably the best textbook on critical thinking out there. Its main strength is the almost perfect balance between the scope and depth. It covers the majority of critical thinking concepts and explains them with just enough detail for undergrads to get a solid introductory knowledge of the craft." - Eldar Sarajilic,  CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College.

"The writing is lucid, concise, and lively. The examples are well chosen and relevant. This text is perfectly pitched for any undergraduate's first foray into informal logic." - Michael Fletcher Maumus,  Brooklyn College.