gould essay prize 2021

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World class lymm high school student wins trinity college cambridge literature prize.

Jay Palombella, year 13 student at World Class Schools Quality Mark accredited Lymm High School, receives the Gould essay competition commendation from Trinity College Cambridge.

Jay submitted his entry for the Trinity College Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature earlier this year, with an essay on Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart .

Jay is absolutely thrilled to have achieved this commendation and intends to study for a degree in English Literature after leaving Lymm High next year.

He has been invited to visit Trinity College Cambridge later this month. “I am overjoyed that my essay has been commended. I really enjoyed writing and researching the essay, so it’s great to see that it was received so well “, said Jay.

The judges said: “We were impressed by the extent of the research that you had undertaken and the judicious use of criticism within the essay. We admired the clarity and expressiveness of your argument which you maintained throughout and the very strong close readings you offered. It was a great pleasure to read your essay.”

Things Fall Apart was the Nigerian novelist’s first novel and magnum opus. It occupies a pivotal place in African literature and remains the most widely studied, translated and read African novel.

“I know that the quality of the English teaching and support Jay has received at Lymm have both been a major factor in his decision to study English Literature”, said Jay’s mum Sarah. “I know we all remember influential teachers and I know that Jay has been very

influenced by the teaching and support he has received from the English department not just in his A’ Levels but also for his GCSEs.”

Following his commendation Jay’s teachers nominated him for the World Class Schools Quality Mark Character Award in October 2021.

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Trinity College Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature

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Trinity College invites submissions for the Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature. This is an annual competition for Year 12 or Lower 6th students.

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A Comprehensive Guide to the Cambridge College Essay Competitions

Cambridge college essay competitions, thinking of applying to oxbridge but need new ways to get ahead of the game with your application what plenty of students aren’t aware of is the fact that many of the cambridge colleges hold essay prizes for students in year 12 focusing on various subjects, allowing prospective applicants to get a taste of what uni-level essay writing might be like, as well as giving you something great to put on your cv. below is a comprehensive list of the essay competitions help by the various cambridge colleges, listed by subject. if any of them take your fancy, be sure to head over to the college website to get more details about how to enter and when the deadlines are we’ve also included past and present questions to give you a bit of an idea about what each competition is likely to entail., multi-disciplinary/humanities robinson college essay prize the robinson college essay prize is open to all students in year 12 (lower sixth, or equivalent) at a uk school during the 2020-21 academic year. it is designed to give students the opportunity to develop and showcase their independent study and writing skills. entrants are invited to submit a response to any one of the questions given, which should be no longer than 2,000 words (including footnotes and captions). the questions may be discussed with reference to any academic discipline or area of interest. up to three entries may be submitted per school, so please discuss your application with your school prior to entry. 2021 questions: 1. "a person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury." (js mill). do you agree 2. 'creativity should be the highest goal of education.' discuss. 3. "in policy making, there is no such thing as 'the data', and therefore no such thing as 'acting on the data'." do you agree 4. "the translated text must add up to the original... [translation] is like a problem in math—using different numbers, the answer must be the same, different numbers must add up to the same answer." (lydia davis). discuss. 5. watch this video featuring the poet kamau braithwaite and discuss the significance of 'archives of freedom'. girton college humanities writing competition this annual competition is an opportunity for year 12 students to research and write beyond the curriculum, using one or more of the lawrence room museum objects, as their focus. essays or creative responses (such as dramatic monologues or short stories) are equally welcome. the judges are looking for the ability to connect different areas of knowledge, to think about details and to communicate clearly. archaeology fitzwilliam college archaeology essay competition this essay competition is for students in year 21 or equivalent; limit of 2500 words. 2022 questions: 1. what can responses to climate in the past teach us today 2. in what ways does the study of archaeology remain political 3. how is construction and building in the past symptomatic of imminent social collapse architecture fitzwilliam college architecture design competition 2022 brief: you are challenged to design a new building somewhere on the fitzwilliam college site. this building will serve as a hub for interaction between teaching staff and students, where they can share and explore ideas. during the design process, you will need to think about what programmes or activities need to be accommodated in the new building. for instance, you can consider including spaces for social interaction such as a new cafe, as well as spaces to have quieter conversations in groups of different sizes. you must also consider possible locations for the new building within the college site, taking into consideration the other college buildings in your design, as well as the landscaped areas preserving mature trees as much as possible. this should be seen as an opportunity to create an interesting relationship between the interior and exterior spaces. you are required to submit: - project title that best describes your design intention and final design solution - design narrative of 500 words that concisely explains your design inspiration, design objective, and final design strategy developed to meet your design objective - drawings that show the following: 1) floor plan(s) of your building at 1:200 scale 2) one elevation and one section of the building that best describes main features of the design solution 3) one site plan that indicates the location of the building in relation to existing buildings in the college site. a detailed site plan showing the ground floor plans of the individual buildings is available on the essay competition website for reference, but you should produce a new drawing for the competition submission. 4) one perspective drawing of your building that highlights your design intention and shows the placement of a new building in relation to existing college buildings nearby. classics fitzwilliam college ancient world and classics essay competition this essay competition is for students in year 21 or equivalent; limit of 2500 words. 2022 questions: 1. do ancient audiences / readers / listeners matter to our interpretations of ancient texts discuss with reference to any text or texts of your choice. 2. why do we need new translations of ancient texts discuss with reference to any text or texts of your choice. 3. “the ancient world was more concerned with controlling nature than conserving it.” discuss with reference to any area or period of your choice. 4. when does childhood end in the ancient world discuss with reference to any area or period of your choice. 5. why does aristotle say that people are ‘political animals’ was he right 6. how important was trade with the near east and / or egypt in any period of your choice english trinity college gould prize for essays in english literature trinity college launched the gould prize for essays in english literature in 2013. this is an annual competition for year 12 or lower 6th students. the prize has been established from a bequest made by dr dennis gould in 2004 for the furtherance of education in english literature. candidates are invited each year to submit an essay of between 1,500 and 2,500 words on a topic to be chosen from the list of questions. newnham college the woolf essay prize n 1928, virginia woolf addressed the newnham arts society on the subject of ‘women and fiction’, and from this talk emerged her seminal text, a room of one’s own. a room of one’s own raises a number of questions surrounding the place of women in society and culture, and the competition allows students to contemplate these themes and ideas while developing the independent research and writing skills essential to university-level study. 2021-22 questions: 1. ‘only the fellows and scholars are allowed here; the gravel is the place for me.’ how have female writers been inspired by limitations placed on their educational experiences you may discuss historical or modern-day examples. 2. ‘a woman might write letters while she was sitting by her father’s sick-bed. she might write them by the fire whilst the men talked without disturbing them’. how might letters add to our understanding of female writers and their work you may discuss the letters of any female author, poet or playwright. 3. ‘anonymity runs in their blood. […] they are not even now as concerned about the health of their fame as men are, and speaking generally, will pass a tombstone or a signpost without feeling an irresistible desire to cut their names into it’. should the women of the past be commemorated in a different manner to their male counterparts explain. queen’s college the estelle prize for english queens' college invites submissions for the english prize 2021, which will be awarded to the best essay submitted by a year 12 (lower sixth form) student. essays must be less that 2500 words., fitzwilliam college history essay competition this essay competition is for students in year 21 or equivalent; limit of 2500 words. 2022 brief: fitzwilliam college traces its origins to 1869, when the university of cambridge launched an initiative to facilitate access to higher education for the many students who could not afford the costs of college membership. the initiative was part of the broader transformation of education in britain, as the changes wrought by industrialisation and urbanisation created a need to cater for a growing, increasingly diverse and literate population. earlier decades had already witnessed the establishment of king’s college london, durham university, and the university of london, for instance, and colleges for women were beginning to open in cambridge and oxford. these radical social and economic changes were themselves connected to the intensification of globalisation in the second half of the nineteenth century, which placed britain at the heart of an ever-tighter web of economic relations between the world’s continents. but the same year also witnessed the birth of mohandas – later mahatma – gandhi, who would come to challenge britain’s colonial rule and lead india on the path to independence; the death of alphonse de lamartine, the poet and politician who had proudly proclaimed france’s second republic in 1848, but whose final years were lived under the more authoritarian second empire; the marriage of emperor meiji, which consolidated japan’s monarchy as the country began a new process of industrialisation; and the establishment by susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton of the national woman suffrage association in a united states still recovering from the civil war. in 1869, as throughout history, old and new worlds collided. we invite applicants to examine, in their essays, a topic of their choice, connected to the changes taking place in or around the year 1869. essays may focus on a particular event, a person, a political movement, or even a process of social, economic or cultural change, but they should consider the interaction of ‘old’ and ‘new’ forces which the chosen topic illuminates. fitzwilliam college rosemary horrox medieval world essay competition this essay competition is for students in year 21 or equivalent; limit of 2500 words. 2022 questions: 1. how can the study of dead languages help us understand medieval cultures 2. what qualities made heroes heroic and villains villainous in medieval literature 3. how far do medieval texts give us any cause for optimism in their presentation of gender 4. did the european middle ages witness the “invention of race” 5. were war and/or rebellion the defining features of medieval society 6. “medieval europe cannot be studied in isolation from the rest of the world”. do you agree trinity college robson history prize the robson history prize is an annual competition for year 12 or lower 6th students. the prize was established in 2007 in memory of the historian robert robson, who was for many years a fellow and tutor at trinity. the aims of the robson prize are twofold: firstly, to encourage ambitious and talented year 12 or lower sixth students considering applying to university to read history or a related discipline; and secondly, to recognize the achievements both of high-calibre students and of those who teach them. 2022 questions: the robson history prize for 2022 had 94 questions in the categories of british history, european history, world history, and historiography, so head to the website for the full list. newnham college history essay prize the newnham history essay prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at uk state school. essays should be between 1500 and 2500 words. 2021-22 questions: 1. ‘historians shouldn’t be political pundits’. discuss 2. can the history of clothing tell us about anything other than changes in fashion 3. is historical change driven by great individuals, land economy fitzwilliam college land economy essay competition this essay competition is for students in year 21 or equivalent; limit of 2500 words. 2022 questions: 1. do you believe that environmentalist civil society organisations, such as extinction rebellion and greenpeace, can be effective at pushing governments to adopt environmental policies aimed at addressing the climate and ecological crises 2. ‘territorial inequality between different parts of the uk is extremely high. this undermines the principle of equality of opportunities, because individuals’ life chances crucially depend on where one happens to be born and raised.’ discuss, possibly drawing on examples from your own area of residence. 3. some argue that the covid-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the fate of inner cities and, in the future, expensive, commuter-driven urban cores will decline in favour of less compact/dense areas such as towns and the countryside. do you agree, law trinity college robert walker prize for essays in law the prize is named after an honorary fellow of the college, lord walker of gestingthorpe, a retired justice of the supreme court and former law student at trinity. essays can be of any length up to 2,000 words (including footnotes). 2022 question: ‘what responsibilities in connection with the environment and sustainability, if any, should the law assign to owners and to occupiers of land’, linguistics trinity college linguistics essay prize this annual essay competition aims to raise awareness of the systematic study of language as an interesting and multifaceted subject in and of itself. the competition is open to all students with an interest in how language works regardless of the specific subjects they are currently studying at a-level (or similar qualification). for example, it may be of interest to students taking a-levels in modern languages, english language or classics, but also to students taking psychology or mathematics. 2022 topic: ‘people who speak two or more languages or dialects sometimes switch between them within the same conversation, and even within the same sentence. what reasons make people switch languages (or dialects) why is this interesting for linguists should linguists prescribe if switching is good or bad’, philosophy trinity college philosophy essay prize the philosophy essay prize is open to year 12 or lower 6th students. the aim of the prize is to encourage able sixth formers to pursue their interest in philosophy, with the hope that they will be encouraged to read this or related subjects at university. 2022 questions: - which philosophical insight that you have come across in your life so far has been the most important one for you - what is the difference between knowledge and understanding - is truth a human invention newnham college philosophy essay prize the newnham philosophy essay prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a uk state school. it is designed to give students the opportunity to think and write about philosophy and philosophical matters in the broadest sense, while developing their independent study and writing skills. through exposure to the type of work they might be expected to do at cambridge, newnham hope to encourage philosophy applicants to the university – and hopefully to newnham, where women’s history and educational excellence are, of course, central. 2021-22 question: ‘sentences such as “a good oak tree has deep roots” can be true, and true irrespective of anybody’s opinion. in other words, such sentences can be objectively true. now, the word “good” doesn’t change its meaning just because it’s being applied to members of one species rather than another. so, sentences such as “a good human being is kind” can be objectively true as well.’ should we be convinced by this kind of argument for the objectivity of ethical judgements, politics trinity college r.a. butler politics prize the objectives of the r.a. butler prize are twofold. firstly, it aims to encourage students with an interest in modern politics and world affairs to think about undertaking university studies in politics, international studies or a related discipline; it is not limited to those already studying these subjects or indeed other social sciences. secondly, its intention is to recognise the achievements both of high-calibre students and of those who teach them. essays can be up to 3,000 words, including all footnotes and references but excluding the bibliography. 2022 questions: - whom do elected representatives, in practice, represent - are the police institutionally discriminatory - is it ever legitimate for one country to invade another - should countries be punished for the actions of their leaders - do international regional organisations offer the best prospects for cooperation between states in the contemporary world - are international organisations biased towards the interests of wealthy countries - what should the uk be doing to help refugees - should every family own its own home - what statues should come down, and which (if any) should stay up - what policies should the uk government be implementing to ensure it meets its commitments made at the un climate change conferences, maths newnham college philippa fawcett mathematics essay prize the philippa fawcett mathematics prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a uk state school. the prize may be of particular interest to those studying mathematics, statistics or further mathematics but we welcome entries from interested students studying any combination of subjects. entrants are invited to submit a response to any one of the questions below. submissions should comply with the following: • 4-6 a4 sides maximum including all figures, diagrams, tables and bibliography • 12 point font minimum • 2 cm margins minimum • 2500 words max. 2021-22 questions: 1. how does mathematics protect your privacy online 2. what are the most fascinating aspects behind the mathematics of music discuss how mathematics is related to the theory of musical structures and/or instruments. 3. mathematics and climate change: what role do you think mathematics can play in guiding policy makers and in helping public understanding, medicine newnham college medicine prize the newnham college medicine prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a maintained sector uk school. the prize may be of particular interest to those studying biology and chemistry, but we welcome entries from interested students studying any combination of subjects. entrants are invited to submit a response to any one of the questions below. submissions should comply with the following: • 6 a4 sides maximum including all figures, diagrams, tables and bibliography • 12 point font minimum • 2 cm margins minimum • 1500-2500 words total (including footnotes and figure captions, but excluding bibliography) 2021-22 questions: 1. how realistic is it to develop a small molecule therapy for covid-19 could such a therapy be rolled out in a timeframe that it could have an impact on the current pandemic 2. sleep deprivation in clinical health settings. does it matter 3. looking to the future. will stem cell therapies be outpaced by machine-brain interfaces for the treatment of retinal disease, music newnham college music essay prize the newnham music essay prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a maintained sector uk school. it is designed to give students the opportunity to think and write about music in its broadest context, while developing their independent study and writing skills. 2021-22 questions: 1) how have improvements in transport and communications infrastructure affected the history of music – and in what ways might they do so in future 2) evaluate the challenges and opportunities presented to musical culture in a time of global pandemic. 3) in some ways music can be thought of as the ultimate interdisciplinary subject, but it is also highly specialised in other respects. examine this paradox in the context of the debate about music’s role in primary and secondary education., sciences newnham college engineering essay prize the newnham engineering prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a uk state school. the prize may be of particular interest to those studying physics, mathematics, further mathematics, chemistry, biology, design and technology or economics, but they welcome entries from interested students studying any combination of subjects. 2021-22 questions: 1. what can engineers do to mitigate climate change - atmospheric levels of co2 are increasing and the world is waking up to the problem of climate change brought about by human-generated greenhouse gas emissions. as engineers, we have the skills and expertise to make a difference, providing technological solutions to reduce global carbon emissions. all engineering disciplines have a role to play and some areas are suggested below. (a) electric power generation and consumption. what are ‘renewable sources’ of electric power generation how do they work and what are their strengths and limitations are there any new sources being researched and developed that might provide solutions for the future could the uk generate all its electricity from renewable sources - how can we reduce our demand for electric power so that we don’t need to generate so much - there may be opportunities in both domestic and commercial/industrial consumption, e.g. energy efficient homes, energy-efficient manufacturing, low power consumer electronics. (b) transport. modern lifestyles involve a lot of transport, of people as well as goods. how energy-efficient are different modes of transport, and what is the potential for reducing their carbon footprint (c) construction. this sector is one of the biggest emitters of carbon globally. the carbon emissions arise from many sources, especially the huge amount of concrete used in construction projects but also including the energy to power machines. do we have any alternatives for materials or technology strategies to reduce these emissions (d) other engineering areas. technological solutions can be found in all engineering disciplines. you are encouraged to choose for the topic of your essay an example that interests you. 2. data and information engineering data and information engineering is being used everywhere around us. our life increasingly relies on data analysis, from the recent developments in the automotive sector to social media, from machine assisted surgery to law forensics. the data deluge provided by recent technological advances has made automation in data analysis necessary to identify hidden patterns of information within the considered datasets. it is also true that a fully automated world could bring new risks and dangers that did not exist even just a few years ago (e.g., the ethical dilemmas of self driving cars). write an essay on the major aspects of social awareness in ai development, and how this could impact: a) the health sector. b) government, democracy and policing. c) sustainable development. d) another major topic of your interest. you are encouraged to think about the engineering considerations related to some of these topics as well as the ethical considerations. what makes an algorithm particularly helpful or harmful newnham college biological sciences essay prize the newnham college biological sciences prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a uk state school. the prize may be of particular interest to those studying biology, chemistry, physics, or mathematics, but we welcome entries from interested students studying any combination of subjects. entrants are invited to submit a response to any one of the titles overleaf. submissions should comply with the following: - 5 a4 sides maximum including all figures, diagrams, tables and bibliography - 12 point font minimum - 2 cm margins minimum - 2500 words max. 2021-22 questions: 1. is biology in a reproducibility crisis 2. assess the contribution of artificial intelligence (ai) to recent scientific advances. 3. past and present: how has infection shaped the human genome newnham college computer science essay prize the computer science essay prize is open to all female students currently in year 12 (lower sixth) at a maintained sector uk school. the prize may be of particular interest to those studying computer science, mathematics, physics, or chemistry, but we welcome entries from interested students studying any combination of subjects. entrants are invited to submit a response to any one of the questions overleaf. submissions should comply with the following: - 4-6 a4 sides maximum including all figures, diagrams, tables and bibliography - 12 point font minimum - 2 cm margins minimum - 2500 words maximum 2021-22 questions: 1. is there a fundamental difference between self-driving cars and a "slaughter army" of killer drones 2. mobile phone apps are generally written by commercial entities for private gain. if you had the same resources to design one mobile phone app that would make the world better, what would it be and how would it work, get in touch.

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Today, we're going to focus on social consciousness as we tackle a pressing issue affecting our global community: homelessness. It's a complex and heartbreaking reality for far too many individuals worldwide, often resulting from a myriad of factors such as economic challenges, mental health struggles, and societal inequalities. Raising awareness is the least many could do, so here's a template that you can use to open the eyes of our society. This dark-colored template has simple layouts that visually go straight to the point. You just need that and some photos: the impact will be immediate.

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News Of Charitable Organizations

Charities Info

U.S. Charities Fighting Poverty and Homelessness

In the U.S., many charities work hard to tackle poverty and homelessness, problems that affect both cities and rural areas alike. These organizations range from small local groups to big national ones, and they offer a mix of services like providing food, shelter, and long-term help to those who need it.

But, there’s a lot of discussion about how effective these charities are and the best ways to help people in a lasting way. As we look into what these charities do, it’s important to think about the challenges they face and how they need to keep changing to help those who are struggling.

The Role of Nonprofits

Nonprofit organizations are essential in the fight against poverty and homelessness. They work hard to offer both immediate help and long-term solutions to these problems. These groups understand that poverty isn’t caused by just one issue but by many factors that are all connected. They use this knowledge to come up with strategies that tackle the root causes of poverty and homelessness.

One way nonprofits help is by bringing together resources, creating partnerships, and pushing for changes in policies. This approach helps them address urgent needs quickly while also aiming for lasting improvements. For example, in addition to providing food and shelter to those in need right away, they also offer education, job training, and healthcare access. This comprehensive strategy is crucial for helping individuals escape the cycle of poverty and homelessness. It gives people hope and opens up new opportunities for them and their communities.

Let’s talk about a specific example to illustrate this. Consider a nonprofit like Habitat for Humanity. This organization doesn’t just give people a place to live. It involves them in building their own homes, which teaches valuable skills and promotes a sense of community ownership and pride. Moreover, Habitat for Humanity advocates for affordable housing policies, showing how nonprofits work on both immediate and systemic levels.

Key Organizations to Know

Several organizations lead the charge against poverty and homelessness, offering innovative and critical support to those in need. Key players such as Feeding America, Habitat for Humanity, and The Salvation Army play significant roles in addressing these issues. Feeding America focuses on providing access to food for people facing hunger, a basic need that impacts health, ability to work, and children’s educational outcomes.

Habitat for Humanity works by building and improving affordable housing, recognizing the stable home’s role in creating security and opportunity for families. The Salvation Army offers a broad range of services, including emergency shelters and meals, which are vital for immediate relief and support.

These organizations are pivotal because they not only offer immediate relief but also work towards long-term solutions for poverty and homelessness. Their efforts in mobilizing community resources and advocating for policy changes aim to create a sustainable impact. For example, Habitat for Humanity’s model of engaging volunteers to build homes not only addresses housing shortages but also promotes community involvement and ownership.

Supporting these organizations can lead to a more inclusive society where poverty and homelessness are addressed with effective and compassionate solutions. By donating, volunteering, or even spreading the word, individuals can play a part in this important work. It’s about taking concrete actions that contribute to making a difference in the lives of people facing these challenges.

In conversation, the work of these organizations can serve as powerful examples of how collective efforts can lead to meaningful change. Discussing their approaches and successes can inspire others to get involved or think differently about solutions to poverty and homelessness. It’s through understanding and engagement that we can hope to see a future where everyone has access to food, shelter, and the opportunity for a stable life.

Programs Making a Difference

Across the United States, innovative programs are making strides in tackling poverty and homelessness. These initiatives go beyond just offering shelter or food. They aim to provide lasting solutions to poverty by addressing its root causes. For example, education and job training programs equip individuals with the skills needed for employment, while healthcare and legal support address other critical barriers to stability. This holistic approach recognizes that overcoming poverty requires more than temporary fixes; it demands opportunities for people to build self-sufficient lives.

These programs stand out because they treat each person with respect and recognize their potential. By focusing on empowerment, they help individuals gain the tools and confidence needed to improve their circumstances. For instance, job training programs might partner with local businesses to ensure participants have a direct path to employment after completing their training. Similarly, legal support initiatives might help individuals clear minor legal issues that hinder their job prospects, such as unpaid fines that have led to suspended driver’s licenses.

The impact of these efforts extends beyond the individuals they help. By fostering independence and stability, they contribute to a more inclusive and caring society. Success stories from these programs serve as powerful examples of how targeted support can transform lives. Imagine a single parent gaining the skills to secure a stable job and provide for their family, or a person experiencing homelessness obtaining the legal help they need to start anew. These are the real-life outcomes that illustrate the meaningful change these programs can achieve.

In a conversational tone, it’s clear to see why these efforts are vital. They’re not just about helping for today; they’re about building a foundation for tomorrow. The dedication and creativity behind these programs show that it’s possible to make a significant impact on poverty and homelessness. Through a commitment to understanding and addressing the complex challenges people face, these initiatives offer more than aid—they offer hope and a chance for a better future.

Challenges in Aid Delivery

Delivering aid to those in need, specifically to combat poverty and homelessness, faces tough challenges. One major issue is getting resources to areas that are hard to reach. Imagine trying to deliver food and supplies to a remote village with no roads or a city struck by a natural disaster. The logistics can turn into a nightmare. Another big problem is that organizations trying to help often don’t work together well. This lack of coordination means efforts are sometimes duplicated or, worse, areas in need are completely overlooked.

Every person facing poverty or homelessness has their own story and needs, making blanket solutions ineffective. For example, a job training program might be life-changing for a young person eager to work but useless for someone with a chronic illness. Recognizing these individual needs is crucial for making a real difference.

So, how do we tackle these issues? First, improving coordination between agencies is key. This could mean creating shared databases of people in need and the aid they receive, to avoid overlaps and gaps in support. For reaching difficult areas, technology like drones could offer a solution for delivering supplies.

In terms of addressing individual needs, community-based programs that offer a range of services could be the answer. For instance, a center that provides job training, health care, and housing assistance under one roof can tailor support to each person’s situation.

In essence, by understanding the complexities of delivering aid and adopting innovative, coordinated approaches, we can start to break down the barriers. It’s about working smarter, not harder, and always keeping the unique needs of each individual at the forefront of our efforts. By doing so, we can make a real, positive impact in the fight against poverty and homelessness.

How to Support the Cause

Helping to reduce poverty and homelessness is simpler than many might think, and it starts with each person recognizing their potential impact. Donating money to trustworthy charities is a straightforward way to help. These donations go towards both urgent aid and the development of lasting solutions. For example, a donation to a food bank can feed a family tonight, but supporting an education fund can help break the cycle of poverty.

Another way to make a difference is by volunteering. This could mean serving meals at a local shelter or teaching skills at a community center. These actions not only provide immediate assistance but also build connections and understanding. For instance, tutoring a child in a low-income area can have a profound impact on their future opportunities.

Advocacy is equally important. It’s about spreading the word, educating your circle, and pushing for policies that tackle the root problems of poverty and homelessness. A simple act like sharing an informative article on social media or attending a town hall meeting can spark change. It’s crucial to support initiatives that aim for affordable housing, access to quality education, and healthcare for all.

By getting involved in any of these ways, you’re sending a message of hope and showing your commitment to a more fair and caring world. Whether it’s by donating, volunteering, or advocating, your actions contribute to a larger movement towards equality and support.

It’s about being part of a community that cares. When you take action, you join forces with others who are committed to making a difference. It’s a collective effort that not only provides immediate relief but also works towards eradicating the root causes of these issues. Together, we can create a society where everyone has the support they need to thrive.

Nonprofit organizations are key in tackling poverty and homelessness in the U.S. They come up with creative ways to help and give crucial services that meet immediate needs while also looking for long-term fixes.

Yet, delivering help comes with its own set of hurdles, highlighting the need for continuous community support. By giving our time, money, or voice, we can all play a big part in this fight.

It’s about making our society fairer and more caring for everyone.

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POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

POVERTY AND HOMELESSNESS

Relative poverty - means are small compared to others in population ... stagnant disposal income over past 2 decades. reduction in government assistance ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

No internationally-accepted definition of poverty
Absolute poverty lack means to provide essential goods
Relative poverty - means are small compared to others in population
Poverty line (Stats Canada LICO)
set of income cut-offs below which people may be said to live in straitened circumstances.
2001 Poverty Rates from the Census (LICO)
Canada 16.2 or 4,720,485 people
Ontario 14.4 or 1,611,505 people
2001 Child Poverty Rates from the Census (LICO)
Canada 18.4 or 1,245,650 children
Ontario 17.0 or 455,965 children
Poverty rates rising for young adults and falling for elderly
Deterioration or stagnation of the economy especially in inner cities and small towns
Loss of manufacturing jobs
Increasing cost of living
Stagnant disposal income over past 2 decades
Reduction in government assistance
Poorly educated and unskilled persons
Single parent especially female, member of minority, illegal immigrant status
Age - teenage mothers, children
Majority will escape find jobs, live with extended family
Intermittent
Periods of economic difficulty throughout the year
Majority are women children who will remain in poverty
Attitudes, values, and lifestyle often are not consistent with wider community
Less likely to be future-oriented
Less concern about healthy lifestyles due to multiple stressors
Poor ethnic families more likely to use folk remedies
More illness, less family stability, poorer marital adjustment, greater problems in family coping, and troubled family relationships Voydanoff Donnelly, 1998
Inequality of income is health determinant
Key influences - degree of control over life circumstances, especially stressful situations, capability to act
Low-income Canadians are more likely to die earlier and to suffer more illnesses, esp. chronic illnesses, disability
Higher infant mortality rates, incidence of LWB, childhood mortality rates, poor nutrition
Less access to health care, inadequate preventative care
Substandard housing, poor nutrition, more exposure to crime
Creates physical and psychological stress usually socially isolated from family, friends, and social support networks
Women-have greater incidence of mental illness
Men-have greater incidence of alcohol and other substance abuse
Comprehensive health care access for all family members
Focus on prevention health services, instead of current focus of crisis
Education of unskilled
More housing assistance
Improved day care and after-school programs
Flexible work hours and child care facilities
Decrease caseloads of social workers
Education of health care professionals about the needs of vulnerable populations

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The Supreme Court says cities can punish people for sleeping in public places

Jennifer Ludden

U.S. Supreme Court says cities can punish people for sleeping in public places

A homeless person walks near an elementary school in Grants Pass, Ore., on March 23. The rural city became the unlikely face of the nation's homelessness crisis when it asked the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold its anti-camping laws. Jenny Kane/AP hide caption

In its biggest decision on homelessness in decades, the U.S. Supreme Court today ruled that cities can ban people from sleeping and camping in public places. The justices, in a 6-3 decision along ideological lines, overturned lower court rulings that deemed it cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment to punish people for sleeping outside if they had nowhere else to go.

Writing for the majority, Justice Gorsuch said, “Homelessness is complex. Its causes are many.” But he said federal judges do not have any “special competence” to decide how cities should deal with this.

“The Constitution’s Eighth Amendment serves many important functions, but it does not authorize federal judges to wrest those rights and responsibilities from the American people and in their place dictate this Nation’s homelessness policy,” he wrote.

In a dissent, Justice Sotomayor said the decision focused only on the needs of cities but not the most vulnerable. She said sleep is a biological necessity, but this decision leaves a homeless person with “an impossible choice — either stay awake or be arrested.”

The court's decision is a win not only for the small Oregon city of Grants Pass, which brought the case, but also for dozens of Western localities that had urged the high court to grant them more enforcement powers as they grapple with record high rates of homelessness. They said the lower court rulings had tied their hands in trying to keep public spaces open and safe for everyone.

Supreme Court appears to side with an Oregon city's crackdown on homelessness

But advocates for the unhoused say the decision won’t solve the bigger problem, and could make life much harder for the quarter of a million people living on streets, in parks and in their cars. “Where do people experiencing homelessness go if every community decides to punish them for their homelessness?” says Diane Yentel, president of the National Low Income Housing Coalition.

Today’s ruling only changes current law in the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes California and eight other Western states where the bulk of America’s unhoused population lives. But it will also determine whether similar policies elsewhere are permissible; and it will almost certainly influence homelessness policy in cities around the country.

Cities complained they were hamstrung in managing a public safety crisis

Grants Pass and other cities argued that lower court rulings fueled the spread of homeless encampments, endangering public health and safety. Those decisions did allow cities to restrict when and where people could sleep and even to shut down encampments – but they said cities first had to offer people adequate shelter.

That’s a challenge in many places that don’t have nearly enough shelter beds. In briefs filed by local officials, cities and town also expressed frustration that many unhoused people reject shelter when it is available; they may not want to go if a facility bans pets, for example, or prohibits drugs and alcohol.

Critics also said lower court rulings were ambiguous, making them unworkable in practice. Localities have faced dozens of lawsuits over the details of what’s allowed. And they argued that homelessness is a complex problem that requires balancing competing interests, something local officials are better equipped to do than the courts.

"We are trying to show there's respect for the public areas that we all need to have," Seattle City Attorney Ann Davison told NPR earlier this year. She wrote a legal brief on behalf of more than a dozen other cities. "We care for people, and we're engaging and being involved in the long-term solution for them."

The decision will not solve the larger problem of rising homelessness

Attorneys for homeless people in Grants Pass argued that the city’s regulations were so sweeping, they effectively made it illegal for someone without a home to exist. To discourage sleeping in public spaces, the city banned the use of stoves and sleeping bags, pillows or other bedding. But Grants Pass has no public shelter, only a Christian mission that imposes various restrictions and requires people to attend religious service.

"It's sort of the bare minimum in what a just society should expect, is that you're not going to punish someone for something they have no ability to control," said Ed Johnson of the Oregon Law Center, which represents those who sued the city.

He also said saddling people with fines and a criminal record makes it even harder for them to eventually get into housing.

Johnson and other advocates say today’s decision won’t change the core problem behind rising homelessness: a severe housing shortage, and rents that have become unaffordable for a record half of all tenants. The only real solution, they say, is to create lots more housing people can afford – and that will take years.

homelessness
Supreme Court

The Supreme Court criminalizes being homeless

Clare Pastore and homeless tents at Triangle Park along 2nd Street between Massachusetts Avenue and D Street, NE, Washington DC on Tuesday afternoon, 12 January 2021. Clare Pastore photo courtesy of Clare Pastore and tents photo by Elvert Barnes Photography/Wikicommons.

The Supreme Court’s recent decision to allow cities to ban people from sleeping outdoors presents a major shift in the perception of poverty and homelessness in the U.S. and what the Eighth Amendment represents. Clare Pastore, a law professor at the University of Southern California, joins her faculty colleague Robert Scheer on this episode of the Scheer Intelligence podcast to break down what the decision means and expand on her article published in The Conversation.

Pastore explains that the legal precedent reversed by the conservative majority was that “it's cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to criminalize sleeping outdoors for people who have no other option.” Now, Pastore tells Scheer, cities are not barred from enforcing this kind of criminalization.

“These are not laws to protect people. Homeless people are at greater danger than they are a danger to others. These are laws trying to get people to just move out of the jurisdiction and go somewhere else,” Pastore said.

Scheer argues that the problem has been around long before the recent SCOTUS decision and the elephant in the room for states like California, which Scheer points out is the fifth largest economy in the world, do not use their vast resources to address the problem but rather put the blame on decisions like this and continue their politics that ignore the central issue.

Pastore agrees, telling Scheer, “My biggest fear, in terms of a generation of people who are growing up thinking this is normal, is that this idea that this is intractable, is taking hold and it's not right.”

The greed in the U.S., where housing is regarded as a private good, strains the ability to attack the roots of the issue. “We have very few controls on how much [housing] can cost and we have very few incentives to make it cost less and we just don't put those kinds of legal mechanisms in place to preserve and create more affordable housing,” Pastore said.

Poverty and Homelessness in the United States

Apr 07, 2019

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Poverty and Homelessness in the United States. Rebecca S. Myers, LSW Director of External Relations National Association of Social Workers, USA Johannesburg, South Africa Wednesday, October 15, 2008. Poverty Facts. 12.5% of Americans live in poverty Rate in 1950s was 22.4%

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Poverty and Homelessness in the United States Rebecca S. Myers, LSW Director of External Relations National Association of Social Workers, USA Johannesburg, South Africa Wednesday, October 15, 2008 ©2008 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 1

Poverty Facts • 12.5% of Americans live in poverty • Rate in 1950s was 22.4% • Calculations were established in the 1950’s and 1960’s • Rates are higher for people who are African-American and Latino • Rates are highest for families headed by single women • Rates for native-born are lower than rates for foreign-born ©2008 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 2

Poverty Facts Children are disproportionately living in poverty • Children are 25% of the population, but 35% of the population that is living in poverty • 17.8% of all children live in poverty • Rate varies by ethnicity ©2008 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 3

Half in Ten www.halfinten.org Cut Poverty in Half in Ten Years Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) Center for American Progress Action Fund (CAPAF) Coalition on Human Needs (CHN) Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR Focus on the situations facing the poor and middle class today Demand legislative action on poverty and economic mobility Advance specific legislative and policy proposals that will deliver real benefits to struggling American families

Every Child Matters Education Fund www.everychildmatters.org Make children, youth, and families a national political priority Promote adoption of policies for children and youth: • Affordable, comprehensive health care services • Early-care and learning opportunities and after-school programs • Preventing violence against children • Alleviating child poverty • Addressing the needs of children with parents in prison Urges candidates to support, and the public to demand, greater investments in programs that address the needs of America's families

Poor People’s Economic Human Rights Campaign: www.economichumanrights.org • A movement that unites the poor across color lines • Committed to uniting the poor as the leadership base to abolish poverty everywhere and forever • Promotes economic human rights, named in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) • UDHR based on founding creed of the United States

Homelessness Facts • In one year, 1 in 200 people accessed a homeless residential program • 15% are veterans • 4% are people living with HIV/AIDS • 13% are victims of domestic violence • 28% have severe mental illness • 39% have chronic substance abuse • 2% are unaccompanied youth ©2008 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 8

Chronic Homelessness Individual with a disability who has been either continuously homeless for a year or more or has experienced at least four episodes of homelessness in the last three years 18% of people who are homeless are considered chronically homeless

Ending Chronic Homelessness Interagency Council on Homelessness • Federal government coordinating group • End chronic homelessness in 10 years • Works with local governments • More effective to provide housing plus supportive services

National Alliance to End Homelessness A Plan to End Homelessness in Ten Years • Document need • Prevention Rent and housing assistance Discharge people into housing • Outreach • Shortening Time of homelessness • Links to services

Community Programs Washington Interfaith Network (WIN) • Faith-based community organizing • Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) • 2500 units of supportive housing • 30% affordable housing in all new developments • Neighborhood Investment Fund (NIF) • Rental and permanent housing

Resources • Industrial Areas Foundation: www.industrialareasfoundation.org • Interagency Council on Homelessness: www.ich.gov • National Alliance to End Homelessness: www.endhomelessness.org • National Poverty Center, University of Michigan: www.npc.umich.edu/poverty • US Department of Housing and Urban Development; “Third Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress;” July 2008: www.hudhre.info/documents/3rdHomelessAssessmentReport.pdf ©2008 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 13

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Breaking News

OPINION ANALYSIS

Justices uphold laws targeting homelessness with criminal penalties.

This article was updated on June 28 at 5:46 p.m.

The Supreme Court on Friday upheld ordinances in a southwest Oregon city that prohibit people who are homeless from using blankets, pillows, or cardboard boxes for protection from the elements while sleeping within the city limits. By a vote of 6-3, the justices agreed with the city, Grants Pass, that the ordinances simply bar camping on public property by everyone and do not violate the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

Writing for the majority, Justice Neil Gorsuch contended that the Eighth Amendment, which bans cruel and unusual punishment, “serves many important functions, but it does not authorize federal judges” to “dictate this Nation’s homelessness policy.” Instead, he suggested, such a task should fall to the American people.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor dissented, in an opinion joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson. She argued that the majority’s ruling “focuses almost exclusively on the needs of local government and leaves the most vulnerable in our society with an impossible choice: Either stay awake or be arrested.”

Friday’s decision was a major ruling on homelessness that is likely to have an effect well beyond Grants Pass. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, more than 600,000 people were homeless in the United States on a single night in 2023. In response to the increase in the number of people who are homeless, other state and local governments have passed similar bans on “camping” in recent years.

Grants Pass, a city with just under 40,000 people, has as many as 600 people experiencing homelessness on any given night. In 2013, the city decided to increase enforcement of existing ordinances that bar the use of blankets, pillows, and cardboard boxes while sleeping within the city.

Violators face steep fines: $295, which increases to $537.60 if it is not paid. When individuals receive two citations, police in Grants Pass can issue an order banning them from city property; anyone who violates such an order can be convicted on criminal trespass charges, which carry penalties of up to 30 days in jail and a $1,250 fine.

In 2018, John Logan and Gloria Johnson, both of whom have been homeless in Grants Pass, challenged the constitutionality of the city’s ordinances. A federal district court agreed with them and barred the city from enforcing the ordinances at night and under some circumstances during the day.

The city appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit, which upheld the lower court’s ruling. It relied on its 2018 decision in Martin v. City of Boise , in which it held that the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment bars the imposition of criminal penalties for sitting and sleeping outside by people experiencing homelessness who do not have access to shelter.

On Friday, the Supreme Court reversed. In his opinion for the court, Gorsuch stressed that the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment has generally applied only to methods of punishment, rather than to whether the government can criminalize particular conduct. And the fines and jail sentences at issue in this case do not, he insisted, “qualify as cruel and unusual.”

Instead, he continued, the challengers point to the Supreme Court’s 1962 decision in Robinson v. California , holding that the Eighth Amendment bars a state from making it a crime simply to be a drug addict. But the kinds of public camping ordinances at issue in this case bear no resemblance to the state law in Robinson , Gorsuch wrote, because they criminalize camping on public property rather than a person’s status.

The majority declined to extend Robinson to prohibit the enforcement of laws that (like the ordinances at issue in this case) do not criminalize an individual’s status but instead prohibit acts that the defendant “cannot help but undertake.” Otherwise, the challengers had suggested, the city would effectively be punishing for their status anyway.

The Supreme Court rejected a similar request to extend Robinson in 1968, Gorsuch explained. In Powell v. Texas , the court rebuffed a challenge by a defendant who had been convicted under a state law that made it a crime to be intoxicated in public. The defendant in that case had argued “that his drunkenness was an ‘involuntary’ byproduct of his status as an alcoholic.” “This case,” Gorsuch concluded, “is no different from Powell .”

Gorsuch also suggested that there are other protections available in the legal system for individuals experiencing homelessness who might otherwise be subject to the city’s ordinances. Among other things, he observed, an individual experiencing homelessness who does not have anywhere else to go may be able to assert a “necessity” defense, while an Oregon law restricts the power of the state’s cities to punish their homeless residents for sleeping in public.

And although the 9th Circuit’s decision in Martin may have been “well-intended,” Gorsuch observed, it has spawned a variety of problems for cities in the West. For example, the requirement that cities to allow public camping by individuals who are “involuntarily” homeless, Gorsuch said, creates questions and uncertainty for city officials and police officers. Moreover, he noted, some cities have indicated that the ruling “has made it more difficult, not less, to help the homeless accept shelter off city streets.”

Gorsuch acknowledged that homelessness is a “complex” issue and that, in trying to address it, “people will disagree over which policy responses are best” and “may experiment with one set of approaches only to find later another set works better.” “But in our democracy,” he concluded, “that is their right.”

Justice Clarence Thomas filed a brief concurring opinion in which he voiced his belief that Robinson (and much of the court’s Eighth Amendment case law more broadly) was wrongly decided. Instead of considering the text and original meaning of the Eighth Amendment, he asserted, the court in Robinson looked at public opinion – which “is not an appropriate metric for interpreting the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause.”

Moreover, Thomas expressed doubt about whether the cruel and unusual punishments clause even applies to this case. Although individuals experiencing homelessness in Grants Pass can eventually be exposed to criminal penalties, he acknowledged, “the possibility that a civil fine turns into a criminal trespass charge is a remote one.” The challengers in this case, he wrote, “assert that they have been involuntarily homeless in Grants Pass for years, yet they have never received a park exclusion order, much less a criminal trespass charge.”

In her dissent, Sotomayor began by stressing the scope of the homelessness problem in America, calling it a “complex and heartbreaking crisis.” The problem stems, she explained, from a variety of “interconnected issues, including crippling debt and stagnant wages; domestic and sexual abuse; physical and psychiatric disabilities; and rising housing costs coupled with declining affordable housing options.”

Sotomayor acknowledged that to address the “immense challenges” created by the homelessness problem, “local governments need wide latitude.” And the 9th Circuit’s decision in this case gives them that latitude, she contended, by allowing them to punish littering, drug use, harassment, and public urination and defecation. “The only question” before the Supreme Court in this case, she contended, “is whether the Constitution permits punishing homeless people with no access to shelter for sleeping in public with as little as a blanket to keep warm.” The answer to that question, in her view, is “no.”

The majority reaches the opposite conclusion, Sotomayor argued, by misunderstanding Robinson . The ordinances at the center of this case “criminalize being homeless,” she wrote.

Moreover, Sotomayor suggested, the majority’s concern that upholding the lower court’s ruling would create too many “difficult questions,” such as whether someone is “involuntarily” homeless, is unfounded. “Ultimately,” Sotomayor said, “these are not metaphysical questions but factual ones.” But in any event, she continued, “[j]ust because the majority can list difficult questions that require answers does not absolve federal judges of the responsibility to interpret and enforce the substantive bounds of the Constitution.”

Sotomayor wrote that she “remain[ed] hopeful that someday in the near future, this Court will play its role in safeguarding constitutional liberties for the most vulnerable among us,” but that, in her view, the court “today abdicates that role.”

This article was originally published at Howe on the Court .

Posted in Merits Cases

Cases: City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Johnson

Recommended Citation: Amy Howe, Justices uphold laws targeting homelessness with criminal penalties , SCOTUSblog (Jun. 28, 2024, 1:48 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2024/06/justices-uphold-laws-targeting-homelessness-with-criminal-penalties/

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Los Angeles Homeless Count Drops for the First Time in 6 Years

The reduction was a sign of progress for Mayor Karen Bass, who started an aggressive new program to move people off the streets in 2022.

A large blue tent is on a sidewalk, next to two other tents, all against the wall of a building.

By Jill Cowan

Jill Cowan reported from Los Angeles, where she has tracked efforts to address homelessness for more than five years.

Los Angeles residents, long exhausted by homelessness, were optimistic when Mayor Karen Bass started an aggressive effort to move people from encampments into motel rooms in late 2022, soon after she took office. Piles of belongings were removed from freeway underpasses. Sidewalks that had been blocked by lines of tents were cleared.

But even as Ms. Bass touted the success of Inside Safe , her signature program aimed at moving people off the streets, she warned that the population of homeless Angelenos could still grow before her efforts made a dent.

Ms. Bass and her allies on Friday received major validation: For the first time in six years, the number of people who were homeless in Los Angeles decreased from the year before, according to the region’s most recent point-in-time count, which took place in January.

In Los Angeles, the nation’s second largest city, where encampments have vexed neighbors for years, the overall number of people experiencing homelessness decreased by 2.2 percent, while the number of unsheltered people in the city — homeless people who are not in emergency shelter and are sleeping on the street, in tents or in cars — decreased by 10.4 percent.

Homelessness has become a top concern of voters on the West Coast, where cities have struggled to figure out how to move people indoors and into permanent homes. California has a severe housing shortage, and more encampments emerged during the pandemic, including in suburban areas where they did not exist before.

Hours before the Los Angeles data was released on Friday, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that will make it easier for local governments on the West Coast to ban sleeping in public. But Ms. Bass said that Los Angeles’s progress in convincing people to move indoors had demonstrated that arresting homeless people was a “failed response.”

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Free Google Slides theme, PowerPoint template, and Canva presentation template. Social injustices like poverty and homelessness must be stopped, and for that we must investigate its causes in thorough research. Why are we allowing a system to keep people on the streets, without food and house, while there are millions of empty houses around the ...

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Inspired by some words of the German author Peter Handke about actors in his work, Offending the Audience (‘our bloodcurdling screams don’t pretend to be another’s bloodcurdling screams. We don’t step out of our roles. We have no roles. We are ourselves’) Ewan compared Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis with Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. 4.48 Psychosis concerns a person with clinical depression, a disorder from which Sarah Kane herself suffered. She killed herself in 1999, after the play had been written, but before its premiere at the Royal Court. In this (slightly redacted) passage from his essay, Ewan reflects on the relationship between life and art. “4.48 Psychosis is essentially an exposition of the brutality of depression, medication, unrequited love and communication, and psychosis. It is in the striking honesty of the play’s internal violence, manifested in the way in which the often vulgar (but still beautifully crafted) language strips the text of any sense of pretence, that Kane opens up and examines the space in the relationships between the playwright, the speaker, the actor and the audience. The speaker of the play resembles the author Sarah Kane to such a degree that, as Ken Urban states, “it is hard to read the play outside of biography”, and yet, David Grieg’s caution against the “pointlessly forensic act” of trying to interpret the text – and Kane’s life – as products of one another is hard to ignore. Both Kane and the speaker suffer from depression, which manifests by waking them at precisely 4:48 a.m. in spells of crippling anxiety, and so differentiating between the two is often problematic. This dilemma presents itself perhaps most clearly in the sophistication of the writing style of the play. "Hatch opens Stark light the television talks full of eyes the spirits of sight and now I am so afraid". This passage is inescapably poetically written. Kane offers first an image of hopefulness, an image of an open hatch. However, she tempers this hope with the adjective “stark”, suggesting painfully bright light, an unwelcome purge of darkness.

The personification of the television, evoking a strange alternative to conventional fears about modern surveillance society, suggests a paranoia that is rooted both in the speaker’s immediate surroundings (her television) and in the speaker’s sense of a spiritual world. The passage ends with a fear that feels isolating and lonely, which Kane enhances by physically isolating the phrase on the page. The way in which the play’s voice deftly moves through such intense emotions and themes is indicative of the sophistication of the writing here, and it is here that the problem arises: whose ‘sophistication’ are we seeing? It makes little sense to force an attribution either to Kane or to her speaker, and so we are left to conclude that this is some kind of shared process.

The speaker is in the midst of some sort of mental and emotional collapse, in a “struggle to remain intact”, and the content of the writing reflects the pain and fear of falling apart. However, the form, the aesthetic beauty, seems unlikely to stem from so unstable an identity: this seems instead a product of Kane the playwright; the fragmentation of the speaker is enveloped in the poetry of Sarah Kane. The similarities between the speaker and the playwright, and the often ambiguous nature of speech within the play (that is, it can be difficult to identify who is saying which lines, and to whom they are addressed) result in a speaker who seems to be acutely self-aware: just as one might say that the suicidal sentiments expressed in the play inform those of Kane herself, so one could claim that Kane’s authorial awareness bleeds into the speaker’s voice. The words “you have no choice / the choice comes after” take on a new meaning in the light of this self-awareness. The second person pronoun could denote the speaker addressing someone in particular, or could instead be used in place of the pronoun “one”, to suggest that this lack of choice is a universal claim. Considering the performance timespace, it seems possible that these words could thus be part of a kind of conversation between the speaker and the actor. This potential relationship is explored more fully in the following passage: Okay, let’s do it, let’s do the drugs, let’s do the chemical lobotomy, let’s shut down the higher functions of my brain and perhaps I’ll be a bit more ******* capable of living.

The speaker is in conversation with a psychiatrist, who is asking her to take medication that numbs her higher order brain functions, lamenting that she ultimately has no power over what she says and does, and neither does the actor, because these have all been prescribed by the playwright. The result of this is startling: Kane creates a speaker who seems to have an identity separate from Kane, and they appear as two different entities communicating with each other. However, the speaker is inevitably aware that she is a part of Kane’s creation, inextricably tied to the playwright. As a consequence, the speaker’s words resonate deeply within the speaker-actor relationship”.

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Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/are-the-2024-paris-olympics-gender-equal-that-depends-how-you-measure-it

Are the 2024 Paris Olympics gender equal? That depends how you measure it

The last time the French capital played host to the Olympic Games, 135 women competed out of the more than 3,000 athletes – a participation rate of about 4.4 percent.

WATCH: U.S. athletes to watch in the Paris Olympics

A century later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has dubbed the 2024 Paris Games the #GenderEqualOlympics, with half of the athlete spots available to men and half to women, the organization says.

The reality is more complex. Experts say that while the IOC has made substantial progress in leveling the playing field for women in its decadeslong push for gender parity, there is still a lot of work to do, for women, transgender and nonbinary athletes.

This year’s Games are the first to impose a cap on the number of participating athletes, which had steadily grown to more than 11,000 at Tokyo 2020. The IOC has since limited the Games to 10,500 athlete spots, half of which were designated for men and half for women. This year’s game schedule also works to balance the number of women’s and men’s events held daily.

Team USA Olympic champions in the women’s 4x100m relay at the 1924 Paris Games, at Tourelles Watersports Stadium, Paris, France, July 18, 1924. Photo by Archives CNOSF/AFP via Getty Images

Although there’s a good chance the number of athletes in Paris will be nearly equally divided between men and women, that’s not the same as the Games being gender equal, said Michele Donnelly, associate professor of sport management at Brock University.

“There is this kind of investment by the IOC and a narrative around gender equality, gender parity, and a lot of that I think is well-meaning and well-intentioned,” said Cheryl Cooky, a professor who studies the intersection of gender, sport and culture at Purdue University.

But, Cooky added, when you dig a bit deeper through the history of the Olympics, the lack of equality has been expressed in a number of ways.

A rocky start for women in sport

The first modern Games were played in 1896 in Athens, and its founder, Pierre de Coubertin , did not want women athletes.

De Coubertin said the Olympics with women “would be impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic and improper.” According to the IOC, he opposed women’s participation until his death in 1937.

In the 1900 Games , also played in Paris, women were allowed to compete in five events: tennis, sailing, croquet, equestrian and golf. Those sports were considered “ladylike” at the time, wrote Olympic scholar Rita Amaral Nunes , in contrast to sports that were believed to require more athletic ability and deemed socially unacceptable for women to practice.

Women’s Olympic participation remained below 20 percent of the total number of competitors until 1976, and then rose steadily to nearly 48 percent in Tokyo in 2021, according to IOC data.

WATCH: Why women’s sports are reaching new heights in popularity and revenue

The road toward equal female participation has not been smooth, Donnelly noted. Women were first allowed to run the 800-meter race at the 1928 Olympics, held in Amsterdam. As the women finished the race, in which all nine competitors broke the previous world record, one athlete fell to the ground, according to an article published in Sports History Review .

German runner Lina Radke wins the women’s 800-meter race in the 1928 Summer Olympics, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1928. Photo by Underwood Archives/Getty Images

The English-speaking press inaccurately reported that the race was catastrophic, with various outlets saying only two women remained standing, that “six out of the nine runners were completely exhausted and fell headlong to the ground,” and that some runners lay “sobbing.” Though the stories were false, the narrative stuck, and the women’s 800-meter race was eliminated from the Olympics until 1960.

A push toward gender equity

The IOC has publicly worked for the last three decades to improve gender equity in sports, as well as in executive leadership within its own committee. In 1996, the IOC updated the Olympic Charter to promote “women in sport at all levels and in all structures, particularly in the executive bodies of national and international sports organizations. ” That year, the IOC also held its first World Conference on Women in Sport, with the goal of placing women in at least 10 percent of decision-making positions by 2000, and 20 percent by 2005.

In Agenda 2020 , a 2014 roadmap for the future of the Olympics, one of the 40 recommendations was to “foster gender equality” by achieving 50 percent female participation and encouraging mixed-gender team events, in which both men and women compete on a single team.

Mixed-gender events promote equality in theory, Donnelly said, but in practice, they often favor men. For example, in the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, the luge event featured one-man teams, one-woman teams and doubles teams. But all of the doubles teams were two men, USA Today reported .

In addition to mixed-gender events, there are also open events in which athletes compete against each other regardless of gender. In Paris, the only open events will be equestrian sports : dressage, jumping and eventing.

Sailing, shooting and doubles luge used to be open events, though historically they had very little female involvement, Donnelly said.

“This is what we’ve seen in sport in general. Unless there has been a push to say, ‘you must,’ there has not been a lot of sport-initiated change to be more inclusive,” she said.

Chinese shooter Zhang Shan aims at target to win g

Chinese shooter Zhang Shan aims at a target to win gold in the mixed skeet shoot event at the Olympics, Barcelona, July 28, 1992. Zhang set a new Olympic record with 223 points and was the first woman to beat men in this mixing category. Photo by Karl Mathis/AFP via Getty Images

Skeet shooting was an open sport in Barcelona in 1992, when Zhang Shan, a Chinese woman, won the gold medal. Subsequently, skeet shooting became segregated by gender.

“There’s nothing in the record that says, ‘And then once a woman won, we decided to have gendered categories,’ but the timing is notable,” Donnelly said.

The IOC began studying ways to improve gender equality in 2017, both within the Olympics and worldwide. A year later, they released 25 recommendations and accompanying actions to achieve those goals. Those recommendations included funding projects focused on gender balance and identifying and alleviating disparities in athlete pay and prize money. That same year, the IOC said the Youth Olympic Games had an equal number of male and female athletes.

READ MORE: At the Olympics, where are the Black figure skaters?

The IOC declined a request for comment from PBS News. Instead, a spokesperson highlighted the progress the IOC has made, including increasing the number of women in key broadcasting roles , working to ensure men and women’s events are scheduled for fair media coverage , and striving for greater female representation among IOC commissions and in the IOC executive board. The IOC also said they’re working to increase the number of female coaches and women in non-competitive and leadership roles.

The IOC has made progress in improving the state of women’s sports, both Donnelly and Cooky said.

“People can be doing really good work in certain spaces and also maybe needing to do better at others,” Cooky said.

Exclusionary policies persist

In striving for gender parity at the Olympics, the IOC has also reinforced a gender binary that categorizes athletes as male or female, experts say. That overlooks transgender and nonbinary athletes, whose participation in sport is often contested or flat out banned.

Quinn, a nonbinary soccer player for Canada’s team, and Nikki Hiltz, a nonbinary American middle-distance runner, will both compete in the Paris Games in women’s events.

READ MORE: Will the Olympics ever truly welcome nonbinary athletes?

Trans men largely can compete in men’s sports without any additional regulation, according to Donnelly.

“It is only trans women who have been policed with these kinds of eligibility requirements, with sex testing requirements,” Donnelly said. And by necessity, those testing requirements are not limited just to transgender individuals, but all athletes competing in those events.

In 2004, the IOC recommended conditions under which transgender athletes could compete, including undergoing hormone therapy, completing “surgical anatomical changes” and obtaining “legal recognition of their assigned sex.” The committee then released new guidelines in 2015, dropping the requirement for surgery while establishing a cap on testosterone levels for female athletes. They updated the guidelines again in 2021 to remove the limit and instead recommended an “evidence-based” and “stakeholder-centered” approach to establishing eligibility criteria.

Donnelly criticized the IOC for allowing sports federations to make their own rules, saying the organization “abdicated responsibility” and allowed “very exclusionary policies.”

READ MORE: New NAIA policy prevents transgender women from competing in women’s college sports

Some governing bodies have enacted strict policies in the past few years, such as the International Rugby League, which in 2022 banned trans women from women’s teams, as well as the International Swimming Federation, which banned female swimmers who transition after age 12 .

‘Numbers matter, until they don’t’

The percentage of women athletes or events isn’t the only way to measure the progress of gender equality in sports, researchers say. There are other markers of gender imbalances, such as the uniforms athletes wear, the funding devoted to each event and the quality of media coverage.

“Numbers matter, until they don’t,” Cooky said. “Numbers can give us a certain understanding, a certain picture or a certain viewpoint. But I think for me, what’s always been just as meaningful, if not more, is the kind of qualitative dimensions of it.”

Coverage of women’s events can often sexualize or trivialize athletes, Cooky argued, a tendency potentially driven by uniforms that can be more revealing for women. For example, female competitors in trampoline events are required to wear a leotard while their male counterparts are not, Donnelly said.

Nike’s reveal of two of the uniform options for American competitors in the Paris Games caused controversy, with critics, including some former athletes, calling out the lack of coverage in the women’s track and field kit compared to the men’s.

“I do feel that it is possible that a more sexualized representation of women get a higher amount of visibility, and I am not a fan of that,” said Katrina Young, an Olympic diver who competed for Team USA in Rio and Tokyo. “I would like to be considered for my hard work and my merit, over what I look like. And I know other female athletes would like that as well.”

The IOC recognizes that gender equality is not limited to athlete breakdown, and much of their public-facing material highlights their efforts to increase the number of women in decision-making positions and leadership roles. On International Women’s Day, the IOC acknowledged that progress has been limited, with women comprising only 13 percent of coaches in Tokyo and 10 percent in Beijing.

“In sports in general, I feel like the male voice is more dominant and respected,” Young said. “It’s an ongoing battle because, as women, we’re told to smile over the pain and we’re supposed to be the peacekeepers. And at some point that becomes toxic.”

“The percentage of women in governing and administrative bodies of the Olympic Movement has remained low,” the IOC acknowledged in a fact sheet published in April . At the end of 2016, their executive board had encouraged National Olympic Committees to set a minimum target of 30 percent for women’s representation by 2020, though it’s not clear how successful that’s been.

Young said she “was really scared to stir the pot ever, when it came to speaking up” about her own potential when she was coming of age, but it was something she chose to work on. Now, she hopes more girls and women are given the opportunity to develop their voice and gain the clarity “to speak to what is true and right for them.”

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Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT announces 2024-25 fellows

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12 grayscale portrait photos laid out to resemble a yearbook page. Text reads: Knight Science Journalism Class of 2025

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The Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT (KSJ) will welcome 12 fellows in August. In addition to 10 Academic-Year Fellows, KSJ welcomes the inaugural Fellow for Advancing Science Journalism in Africa and the Middle East, and co-hosts a Sharon Begley Fellow with Boston-based publication STAT.

The Knight Science Journalism Program, established at MIT in 1983, is the world’s leading science journalism fellowship program. Fellows come to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to explore science, technology, and the craft of journalism in depth.

The class of 2025 represents the expansive media environment of today’s journalism. Together, the group has award-winning experience in a wide array of journalistic media, reaching the public through podcasts, documentaries, photographs, books, YouTube, TV, and radio.

“It is a privilege to welcome journalists to our programs who are so deeply aware of the importance of quality science coverage, who are eager to improve their craft, and who will continue to contribute positively to the public understanding of science once they leave here,” says Deborah Blum, KSJ director.

The fellows will spend their time in Cambridge studying at MIT and other leading research universities in the Boston area. They’ll also attend seminars by leading scientists and storytellers, take part in hands-on classes and workshops, and visit world-renowned research laboratories. Each journalist will also pursue an independent research project, focused on a topic of their choice, that advances science journalism in the public interest.

“Many of the biggest headlines of our era derive from science and technology — and the way we apply it to the world around us,” says Blum. “Our fellowship program recognizes the dedication and understanding required for stories that do justice to these issues. We bring fellows to MIT to provide them with an opportunity to enrich and deepen that understanding.”

Fabiana Cambricoli is an award-winning Brazilian journalist based in São Paulo, working as a senior health correspondent for Estadão newspaper, with a focus on in-depth and investigative stories. Before that, she contributed to major media outlets like Grupo Folha and was a fellow at ProPublica. She earned her bachelor’s degree in journalism and a master’s degree in public health from the University of São Paulo, receiving over 10 awards and grants for her work. Cambricoli’s reporting uncovered government negligence during epidemics, highlighted health disparities, and investigated funding behind scientific disinformation. She also co-founded Fiquem Sabendo, a nonprofit promoting transparency and supporting journalists in accessing public information.

Emily Foxhall is the climate reporter at The Texas Tribune, where she focuses on the clean energy transition and threats from climate change. She joined the Tribune in 2022 after two years at The Los Angeles Times and its community papers and seven years at The Houston Chronicle, where she covered the suburbs, Texas features, and the environment. She has won multiple Texas Managing Editors awards, including for community service journalism, and was part of the team named a 2018 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for coverage of Hurricane Harvey. She is a Yale University graduate.

Ahmad Gamal Saad-Eddin is a science journalist based in Egypt. He graduated from the faculty of medicine at Zagazig University in Egypt, and worked as a psychiatrist before leaving medicine and beginning a career in science journalism, first as a head of the science section in Manshoor.com, then as an editor at Nature Arabic Edition. He is currently working as a script writer and the fact-checker of “El-Daheeh,” the leading science YouTube show in the Arab region. His writings have also appeared in several outlets including Scientific American Arabic Edition and Almanassa News. His main writing interest is the interaction between science, its history, and the human experience.

Bryce Hoye is a journalist with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He covers a range of topics, from courts and crime to climate, conservation, and more. His stories appear on TV, radio, and online, and he has guest-hosted CBC Manitoba’s “Weekend Morning Show” and “Radio Noon.” He has produced national documentaries for CBC Radio, including for the weekly science program “Quirks & Quarks.” He has won several Radio Television Digital News Association national and regional awards. He previously worked in wildlife biology monitoring birds for several field seasons with Environment and Climate Change Canada.

Jori Lewis writes narrative nonfiction that explores how people interact with their environments. Her reports and essays have been published in The Atlantic Magazine, Orion Magazine, and Emergence Magazine, among others, and she is a senior editor of Adi Magazine, a literary magazine of global politics. In 2022, she published her first book, “Slaves for Peanuts: A Story of Conquest, Liberation, and a Crop That Changed History,” which was supported by the prestigious Whiting Creative Nonfiction Grant and a Silvers Grant for Work in Progress. It also won a James Beard Media Award and the Harriet Tubman Prize.

Yarden Michaeli is a journalist serving as the science and climate editor of Haaretz, Israel’s sole paper of record. During his 10 years as a writer, reporter, and editor at Haaretz, he became best known for editing the newspaper’s science vertical during the Covid-19 pandemic and founding its climate desk. Among other things, Yarden served as Haaretz’s first reporter on the ground during the war in Ukraine, covered the war in Gaza, and was dispatched to report on the forefront of the climate crisis during storm Daniel in Greece. Yarden was born in Israel and he is based in Tel Aviv. He has a bachelor’s degree in American studies and economy from the Humboldt University in Berlin and he is a member of the Oxford Climate Journalism Network.

Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi is a two-time winner of the CNN Africa photojournalist award. He is currently with the Associated Press in Zimbabwe. Previously, he was the chief photographer at the Associated Newspapers of Zimbabwe. With an eye for detail and a passion for multi-format storytelling, he has managed to capture the essence of humanity in his photographs across Africa, Europe, and Asia. He instilled his dedication to his craft and hard work in other photojournalists in his past teaching role with the Norwegian Friedskorp, World Press Foundation in the Netherlands, the Pathshala Institute in South-East Asia, and in his pioneering gender and images work with SAMSO across the southern and East African region.

Aaron Scott is an award-winning multimedia journalist and the creator of the podcast Timber Wars, which was the first audio work to win the MIT Knight Science Journalism Program’s Victor K. McElheny Award, along with the National Headliner Award for Best Narrative Podcast and others. Most recently, he was a host of NPR’s science podcast “Short Wave.” Before that, he spent several years exploring the natural wonders of the Pacific Northwest as a reporter/producer for Oregon Public Broadcasting’s television show “Oregon Field Guide.” His stories have appeared on NPR, “Radiolab,” “This American Life,” “Outside Podcast,” “Reveal,” and elsewhere.

Evan Urquhart is a freelance journalist whose work has focused on science and medical questions relating to the transgender community. Based in Charlottesville, Virginia, his stories have appeared on Slate, Politico, the Atlantic, Vanity Fair, and many other outlets nationwide. In 2022, Evan founded Assigned Media, a news site devoted to fact-checking misinformation relating to trans issues. He has appeared as an expert on propaganda and misinformation relating to trans issues on radio shows and podcasts including NPR’s “St. Louis on the Air,” Slate’s “Outward,” The American Prospect’s “Left Anchor,” “What the Trans?,” and “It Could Happen Here.”

Jane Zhang is a technology reporter and the China representative of Bloomberg’s global AI squad based in Hong Kong. Over the years she has covered the Chinese internet and Beijing’s tensions with the United States over tech supremacy before jumping feet-first into reporting China’s historical crackdown on its largest corporations, including Alibaba. She has won awards for extensive on-the-ground reporting and exclusive interviews with industry heavyweights like Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei. Her current focus is on covering the incipient AI technology and the regulations around it. Zhang holds a master’s degree in journalism from the University of Hong Kong.

Sharon Muzaki joins KSJ as the 2024 recipient of the Fellowship for Advancing Science Journalism in Africa and the Middle East . She has been with UGStandard Media since 2019, reporting on the environment and climate change in Uganda. Muzaki graduated from Makerere University in 2019 with a degree in journalism and communication. While working for UGStandard Media, she has attended numerous trainings at the Aga Khan University Graduate School of Media and Communications, honing skills in storytelling, data journalism, and mobile storytelling. Muzaki will be the first recipient of the Africa and Middle East Fellowship. The fall semester fellowship, created in honor of the pioneering Egyptian science journalist Mohammed Yahia, is funded by Springer Nature. It is designed to enrich the training of a journalist working in Africa or the Middle East so they can contribute to a culture of high-quality science and health journalism in those regions.

Anil Oza is co-hosted by KSJ and Boston-based publication STAT as the 2024-25 Sharon Begley Science Reporting Fellow . Oza earned a bachelor’s degree in science from Cornell University, where he reported for the campus newspaper, The Cornell Daily Sun. Oza has interned at Nature, Science News, and NPR’s “Short Wave.” Oza also interned at STAT during summer 2023, helping produce the health-equity-focused podcast, “Color Code.” Oza will be the fifth recipient of the Sharon Begley Fellowship. This fellowship pays tribute to Sharon Begley’s outstanding career while paving the way for the next generation of science journalists and fostering better coverage of science that is relevant to all people.

More than 400 leading science journalists from six continents have graduated from the Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT. KSJ also publishes an award-winning science magazine, Undark , and offers programming to journalists on topics ranging from science editing to fact-checking.

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on life and literature

The politics of literary criticism.

This essay won first place in the 2020 Gould Essay Prize with Trinity, Cambridge: https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/undergraduate/essay-prizes/english-literature/ Introduction Literature is a contest of influences. It is unable to escape its politics because the circumstances of its production are inextricably political: the language with which it speaks, its tradition of precursive texts, its role in identity politics, and… Continue reading The politics of literary criticism →

Postmodernism and sincerity in Don Juan

with specific reference to Cantos I and II In Lord Byron’s Don Juan, to what extent do proto-postmodern devices which draw attention to the fictionality of the text indicate, paradoxically, an attempt at poetic sincerity? Introduction For the Romantics, ‘the artist’s feeling [was] his law’. The cult of lyrical genius considered poetry to be, at… Continue reading Postmodernism and sincerity in Don Juan →

This essay was one of the winners of the 2020 Thomas Campion essay prize with Peterhouse, Cambridge. The reading process In Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne, Shandy is both the protagonist of the story and the self-conscious author of it. He proclaims that as an author, ‘The truest respect which you can pay to the… Continue reading On reading →

We Wrote A Song Shaped Like New York

When my father went to New York, I don’t imagine that he ever stood still for long enough to hear the music. He’s never been the type to stand still — to him, the world is far too large and unkind for anybody who wants to make anything of themselves to stand in the middle… Continue reading We Wrote A Song Shaped Like New York →

我是一个城里的孩子。随着我的父母的工作，我从小就在各个繁华的城市长大。我是美国生的，香港长大的，但上海却变成了我的家。我所熟悉的生活包括川流不息的街道、来来往往的人群、丰富多彩的文化。在经历过这么多的环境中，我还是以为上海有一种特殊的地位，而且在这个千变万化的地方生活了五年后，我对这里的喜爱有增无减。

Listening to the Memorial

With the School of the New York Times. As visitors to the National 9/11 Memorial & Museum complete their tour of the foundation hall, the tour guide gestures towards the In Memoriam Exhibition and urges visitors to “try to remember a few people’s names and faces, as a tribute to their sacrifice”. The In Memoriam… Continue reading Listening to the Memorial →

9/11’s Fighters Are Still Fighting

With the School of the New York Times. In the hours following the destruction of the Twin Towers by by two hijacked airplanes on September 11, 2001, over 100 city and volunteer ambulances were dispatched to the World Trade Center. Off-duty officers doubled the responder forces, and were joined by many construction workers and civilians… Continue reading 9/11’s Fighters Are Still Fighting →

On Behalf Of All Of Us

Published in Shanghai Family, May 2018

Star Wars: A Study of a Cultural Phenomenon

Published in The Retreat There is no doubt that Star Wars colonised much of Hollywood when the first film was released in 1977. Before it, movies were largely confined to the boundaries set by classics like “The Godfather” and “Taxi Driver”, with their gritty, high-class sophistication and sober dialogue. With the original Star Wars, a portal… Continue reading Star Wars: A Study of a Cultural Phenomenon →

The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values by Sam Harris is scorchingly thought-provoking... so much so that it inspired me to pour all of my haphazard thoughts out. This book is filtered entirely through a wide-holed sieve, one that doesn't have the time to overthink the contents it lets through. Though this sieve… Continue reading Rethinking →

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Department of History

College of Social Science

Two incoming History students receive prestigious scholarships

Posted on July 29, 2024 July 29, 2024 Author mcdon625

Two incoming History students were recently named Alumni/University Distinguished Scholars and will be recipients of some of the most prestigious and competitive scholarships in the country.

The scholarships cover full tuition, room and board, and a stipend for up to eight semesters of study, and are valued at approximately $140,000 for in-state students and $240,000 for out-of-state students.. Each awardee also receives a spot in the Honors College’s Professorial Assistantship program, which provides a two-year research placement with a faculty member. A total of 18 incoming freshmen received scholarships.

These freshmen were selected from approximately 1,200 of the top high school seniors who applied to MSU. They each wrote short essay responses, took an intensive general knowledge exam, and participated in interviews with the selection committee this past winter to earn the scholarship.

Nolan Means of Harborfields High School in Greenlawn, New York, will be majoring in History through the College of Social Science and the Honors College. Means was a member of the cross country and track teams in high school, and participated in several other extracurricular activities, including vocal music, chess and creative writing.

The College’s University Distinguished Scholar recipient was Katherine Dyal, a graduate of Frenship High School in Lubbock, Texas. University Distinguished were personally selected by the Director of Admissions, John Ambrose, and the Dean of the Honors College, Christopher Long, based on high school programs, achievements, and interviews with the finalists. Dyal plans to major in History, and was an active participant in Academic Decathlon while in high school.

“These eighteen scholars represent a remarkable cohort of academic excellence and community engagement,” said Christopher Long, dean of the MSU Honors College through the scholarship competition cycle. “We look forward to how they will influence the Honors College, Michigan State University, and the world.”

Read the full release here .

This story was originally published on MSU’s College of Social Science website .

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'Imagination'

The topic for this year’s Philosophy Essay Prize competition is ‘Imagination’.

Each year the Royal Institute of Philosophy holds the Philosophy Essay Prize competition. The winner will receive £2,500 and their essay will be published in Philosophy .

Previous winners include ‘The Emptiness of Naturalism’ by Thomas Raleigh and ‘Scorekeeping in a Therapeutic Language Game’ by Stefan Rinner (2023 joint prize winners), ‘Fitting Diminishment of Anger: A Permissivist Account’ by Renee Rushing and ‘Empathy and Psychopaths’ Inability to Grieve’ by Michael Cholbi (2022 joint prize winners), Jonas Faria Costa’s ‘On Gregariousness’ (2021 prize winner), Lucy McDonald’s ‘Please Like This Paper’ and Nikhil Venkatesh’s ‘Surveillance Capitalism: A Marx-inspired Account’ (2020 prize winners), Georgi Gardiner’s ‘Profiling and Proof: Are Statistics Safe?’ (2019 prize winner), and Rebecca Buxton’s ‘Reparative Justice for Climate Refugees’ (2018 prize winner).

The topic for this year’s prize is ‘ Imagination ’. We intend this topic to be understood broadly, so as to include related issues in any area of philosophy and from any philosophical tradition.

The winner will receive £2,500 and their essay will be published in Philosophy . The submission deadline is 30 November 2024 23:59 GMT. Entries will be considered by a panel of judges and the winner announced in spring 2025. All entries will be deemed submissions to Philosophy .

In assessing entries priority will be given to originality, clarity of expression, breadth of interest, and potential for advancing discussion.

In exceptional circumstances the prize may be awarded jointly, in which case the financial component will be divided. The winning entry/entries will be published in the October 2025 issue of Philosophy . Please submit entries by email to [email protected] , with the subject line ‘Prize Essay’. The word limit for the Essay Competition is 8,000 words.

Instructions for contributors can be found here: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/annual-essay-prize .

Entries should be anonymised and suitable for blind review. (Please note that Essay Prize submissions should be sent to the email address above and should not be submitted through the ScholarOne portal).

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This short bio can be used for introductions and reposting of my work:

Rebecca Ruth Gould ’s books include Erasing Palestine (2023), Writers and Rebels (2016), Cityscapes (2019), The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism (2020), Beautiful English (2021), and The Persian Prison Poem (2021). Her articles with Kayvan Tahmasebian have been published or are forthcoming in Modernism/Modernity and Representations . She teaches at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, where she is Distinguished Professor of Comparative Poetics and Global Politics.

And here is a more detailed bio:

Rebecca Ruth Gould is Distinguished Professor of Comparative Poetics and Global Politics, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. Her creative and critical practice explores the poetics of politics and the politics of poetry.

She is the author of Erasing Palestine: Free Speech and Palestinian Freedom (Verso, 2023), The Persian Prison Poem (Edinburgh UP, 2021), Writers and Rebels: The Literatures of Insurgency in the Caucasus (Yale UP, 2016), which won the University of Southern California Book Prize in Literary and Cultural Studies and the best book of the year award from the Association for Women in Slavic Studies. Her book length translations encompass the Georgian poet Vazha Pshavela (2019), the Indo-Persian poet Hasan Sijzi (2016), and the Georgian writer Alexandre Qazbegi (2015). With Kayvan Tahmasebian, she has translated the poets Bijan Elahi (2019) and Hasan Alizadeh (2022) and co-edited The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism (2020).

Her articles, published in venues such as History & Theory , Comparative Literature , Comparative Studies in Society & History , Jurisprudence , The Translator, and Philosophy & Literature , have received awards ranging from the International Society for Intellectual History’s Charles Schmitt Prize to the Women’s Caucus for the Modern Languages Association’s Florence Howe Award for Feminist Scholarship to the British Association of American Studies’ Arthur Miller Centre Essay Prize.

Gould has been awarded over £1.4 million in external funding from the European Research Council, the British Academy, the British Library, and the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, and has held external fellowships with the Van Leer Institute (Jerusalem), Central European University’s Institute for Advanced Studies (Budapest), and the Forum for Transregional Studies (Berlin).

Her work broadly traverses literary, political and legal theory, with a particular emphasis on the literatures of the Islamic world and the Caucasus, in Persian, Georgian, Arabic, and Russian. She has written for the general public in The London Review of Books , Middle East Eye , The New Arab , and Jacobin . Her writing has been translated into Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Amharic, Russian, German, French, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, and Serbian. Her short story collection Strangers in Love has been translated into Arabic by Saleh Razzouk (Basra, Iraq: al-Hajjan Press, 2023) and her poetry has been collected in Beautiful English (2021).

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The R.A. Butler Prize for essays in Politics and International Studies is a competition that can be entered by students in Year 12 or the Lower 6th. Candidates are invited to submit an essay on a topic to be chosen from a list of general questions announced in March each year, and to be submitted in August.

The Prize is jointly organised by Trinity College Cambridge and Cambridge University’s Department of Politics and International Studies. The Prize was established in memory of the former Master of Trinity College, Lord Butler, who most famously served as Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer, and who was responsible for the introduction of free secondary education for all students in the UK.

The objectives of the R.A. Butler Prize are twofold. Firstly, it aims to encourage students with an interest in modern politics and world affairs to think about undertaking university studies in Politics, International Studies or a related discipline; it is not limited to those already studying these subjects or indeed other social sciences. Secondly, its intention is to recognise the achievements both of high-calibre students and of those who teach them.

The questions for the 2024 competition are available here .

Format: Essays can be up to 3,000 words, including all footnotes and references but excluding the bibliography. It’s worth considering the use of examples in your essays: the best essays often use a diverse selection of contemporary, historical or literary examples. We encourage you to provide references to your sources of information, and to include a bibliography at the end of the essay. There is no recommended referencing or bibliographic style – use whatever format you think works best. Please include your name on the document and save the file as “Surname, First name”.

Eligibility: The Prize is for students in Year 12 or Lower 6th at the time the questions are released in March. Students based abroad are most welcome to participate. To be eligible, you must be in your penultimate year of school. That is, to be eligible for the 2024 competition, you should be expecting to receive your final school results in the year from September 2024 to August 2025. This condition is held to strictly and, to be fair to the participants, no exceptions are made. Each entrant to the competition is allowed to submit only one essay.

Submissions: Essays must be submitted by 12 noon (UK time) on Thursday 1 August 2024. Please submit essays using the form below.

Prize: The competition carries a First Prize of £600, to be split equally between the candidate and his or her school or college (the school or college’s portion of the prize to be issued in the form of book tokens), and a Second Prize of £400, which again is to be shared equally between the candidate and his or her school or college. We award on average 8 special commendations each year and 40 additional commendations. Winners and recipients of special commendations will be announced in September, and will be invited to visit the College to meet some of the teaching staff.

Contact: Any queries from students who may be interested in submitting work for the prize, or their teachers, should be directed to Dr Glen Rangwala by email to: [email protected] .

About your school

Past prize-winners.

1st Prize: John Paul Cheng (Winchester College, Winchester) 2nd Prize: Fela Callahan (Harris Westminster Sixth Form, London)

1st Prize: Eunju Seo (North London Collegiate School Jeju, Republic of Korea) 2nd Prize: Luke Grierson (High Storrs School, Sheffield)

1st Prize: Saumya Nair (Cheltenham Ladies’ College, Gloucestershire) 2nd Prize (joint): Liyana Eliza Glenn (Home-schooled, UK) 2nd Prize (joint): Amr Hamid (St Paul’s School, London)

1st Prize: Lydia Allenby (Gosforth Academy, Newcastle upon Tyne) 2nd Prize: Louis Danker (City of London School, London)

1st Prize: Matthew Gursky (Hall Cross, Academy, Doncaster) 2nd Prize: Evie Morgan (Ipswich School, Ipswich)

1st Prize: Gergely Bérces (Milestone Institute, Budapest, Hungary) 2nd Prize (joint): Tatyana Goodwin (Varndean College, Brighton) 2nd Prize (joint): Eloise George (Hills Road Sixth Form College, Cambridge)

1st Prize: Folu Ogunyeye (Aylesbury High School) 2nd Prize: Eve McMullen (Minster School, Southwell)

1st Prize: Silas Edwards (St Mary Redcliffe and Temple School, Bristol) 2nd Prize: Eliza Harry (Greene’s Tutorial College, Oxford)

1st Prize: Stephen Horvath (Westminster School, London) 2nd Prize: Grace Elshafei (Sevenoaks School, Kent)

1st Prize: Oscar Alexander-Jones (St Paul’s School, London) 2nd Prize: Sam Maybee (King Edward VI Five Ways School, Birmingham)

1st Prize: Eleanor Shearer (Westminster School) 2nd Prize (joint): Stephanie Clarke (Lancaster Girls’ Grammar School) 2nd Prize (joint): Will Barnes (Manchester Grammar School)

1st Prize: Kiah Ashford-Stow (King Edward VI School, Southampton) 2nd Prize: Jamie Sproul (Stamford School)

1st Prize: Aman Rizvi (Winchester College) 2nd Prize: Frans Robyns (Kings College School, Wimbledon)

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2020 Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature

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Gould prize for essays in English Literature
Trinity College launched the Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature in 2013. This is an annual competition for Year 12 or Lower 6th students. The Prize has been established from a bequest made by Dr Dennis Gould in 2004 for the furtherance of education in English Literature. ... 2021: First Prize: Mr L Beevers (Heckmondwike Grammar School ...
Gould Prize Questions
File Count 1. Create Date 05/05/2021. Last Updated 14/05/2021. Download. Description Attached Files. Find details about how to get in touch on our contact page. If you require any information provided on this website in an alternative format, please contact us on 01223 338400 or email [email protected].
World Class Lymm High School student wins Trinity College Cambridge
Jay Palombella, year 13 student at World Class Schools Quality Mark accredited Lymm High School, receives the Gould essay competition commendation from Trinity College Cambridge. Jay submitted his entry for the Trinity College Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature earlier this year, with an essay on Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. Jay is absolutely...
Trinity College Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature
Contact and more info. Stacey Smith. 01223 338422. [email protected]. Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature. Trinity College invites submissions for the Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature. This is an annual competition for Year 12 or Lower 6th students.
A Comprehensive Guide to the Cambridge College Essay Competitions
Trinity College launched the Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature in 2013. This is an annual competition for Year 12 or Lower 6th students. ... Queens' College invites submissions for the English Prize 2021, which will be awarded to the best essay submitted by a Year 12 (Lower Sixth Form) student. Essays must be less that 2500 words.
Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (/ ɡ uː l d / GOOLD; September 10, 1941 - May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.He was one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
English
The study of English at Trinity enables students to explore the most far-reaching of questions about what it means to be human, to exist in the world and to share this world with other people. We believe, though, that these questions are inseparable from the rustles and shifts of particular words as they are deployed in poetry, prose and drama.
gould essay prize
Publications; Ewan Patel takes Gould at Trinity. Inspired by some words of the German author Peter Handke about actors in his work, Offending the Audience ('our bloodcurdling sc
Mia Wins Two Cambridge Essay Prizes
29 September 2020. Latest news. To win one Cambridge essay prize during the summer months may be considered fortunate: to win two suggests something special is happening. Step forward Wellington College's English Literature student Mia, who recently won both Peterhouse's Thomas Campion essay prize, and Trinity College's Gould Essay Prize.
Ewan Patel takes Gould at Trinity
Many congratulations to Ewan Patel who has won the Gould Prize for English Literature, awarded by Trinity College, Cambridge. This is a tremendous achievement. Trinity College remains the intellectual powerhouse of the university, topping the Tompkins academic "League Table" of Cambridge Colleges. Ewan hopes to go up to Cambridge next year ...
Karen Gould Prize Citations
2024 Karen Gould Book Prize in Art History . Alison Locke Perchuk's The Medieval Monastery of Saint Elijah: A History in Paint and Stone (Brepols 2021) is a groundbreaking art historical book which treats an understudied but remarkable site: the Benedictine monastery of Saint Elijah near Rome.Rebuilt in the twelfth century and dedicated to the prophet Elijah, the monastery preserves a basilica ...
Are the 2024 Paris Olympics gender equal? That depends how you ...
Women's Olympic participation remained below 20 percent of the total number of competitors until 1976, and then rose steadily to nearly 48 percent in Tokyo in 2021, according to IOC data.
Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT announces 2024-25 fellows
The Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT (KSJ) will welcome 12 fellows in August. In addition to 10 Academic-Year Fellows, KSJ welcomes the inaugural Fellow for Advancing Science Journalism in Africa and the Middle East, and co-hosts a Sharon Begley Fellow with Boston-based publication STAT.. The Knight Science Journalism Program, established at MIT in 1983, is the world's leading ...
English Essay Prizes
GOULD PRIZE FOR ESSAYS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE (TRINITY) An annual competition for Year 12 or Lower 6th students, between 1,500 and 2,500 words on a topic to be chosen from the list of questions. Reopens in February of every year. Learn more THE ROBINSON COLLEGE ESSAY PRIZE.
on life and literature
This essay won first place in the 2020 Gould Essay Prize with Trinity, ... 2021 August 24, ... This essay was one of the winners of the 2020 Thomas Campion essay prize with Peterhouse, Cambridge. The reading process In Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne, Shandy is both the protagonist of the story and the self-conscious author of it. ...
JD Vance's 'Cat Ladies' Riff Has Serious 'Handmaid's Tale' Vibes
First, my main point: As Vance's statement illustrates, many people who call themselves conservatives — and who, routinely, as Donald Trump did on Wednesday, accuse moderately center-left ...
Oxford and Cambridge Essay Competitions
This essay competition is designed to give students the opportunity to develop and showcase their independent study and writing skills. Unfortunately, for external reasons, the essay won't be running in 2023, but may well be running in 2024 so do keep an eye out so you don't miss it! Sample Essay Questions from 2020.
Two incoming History students receive prestigious scholarships
2021; 2020; 2019; 2018; 2016; Search. ... They each wrote short essay responses, took an intensive general knowledge exam, and participated in interviews with the selection committee this past winter to earn the scholarship. ... Michigan State University Fixed-term Assistant Professor Dr. Tim Retzloff receives Allan Bérubé Prize for his comic ...
Linguistics Essay Prize
2021. 1st Prize: Eleanor Jones (Leicester Grammar School) 2nd Prize: Amy Freeman (Woodford County High School) 2020. 1st Prize: Lucia Guzy-Kirkden (Wyggeston & Queen Elizabeth I College) ... Gould prize for essays in English Literature; next post: Philosophy Essay Prize;
'Imagination': Our 2024 Philosophy Essay Prize topic
Each year the Royal Institute of Philosophy holds the Philosophy Essay Prize competition. The winner will receive £2,500 and their essay will be published in Philosophy.. Previous winners include 'The Emptiness of Naturalism' by Thomas Raleigh and 'Scorekeeping in a Therapeutic Language Game' by Stefan Rinner (2023 joint prize winners), 'Fitting Diminishment of Anger: A Permissivist ...
American Journal of Sociology: Gould Prize
About the Gould Prize. The Gould Prize is given annually to the article that best exemplifies the qualities that made Roger Gould's own work so remarkable. From articles published over a two-year period, the American Journal of Sociology editorial boards select a piece that is empirically rigorous, theoretically grounded, and lucidly written.
BIO (short version)
Rebecca Ruth Gould's books include ... (2019), The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism (2020), Beautiful English (2021), and The Persian ... Florence Howe Award for Feminist Scholarship to the British Association of American Studies' Arthur Miller Centre Essay Prize. Gould has been awarded over £1.4 million in external funding ...
Karen Gould Prize in Art History
The Karen Gould Prize, established by an endowed gift from Lewis Gould in 2016, is awarded annually for a book or monograph (conference proceedings and collected essays are not eligible) in medieval art history judged by the selection committee to be of outstanding quality. ... 2021. Jacqueline E. Jung, Eloquent Bodies: Movement, Expression, ...
Rebecca Gould
Rebecca Ruth Gould is a writer, translator, and Distinguished Professor, Comparative Poetics & Global Politics at SOAS University of London. Her interests range across the Caucasus, Comparative Literature, Islam, Islamic Law, Islamic Studies, Persian literature, poetry, and poetics.Her PhD dissertation focused on Persian prison poetry, and was published in revised form as The Persian Prison ...
R.A. Butler Politics Prize
The R.A. Butler Prize for essays in Politics and International Studies is a competition that can be entered by students in Year 12 or the Lower 6th. Candidates are invited to submit an essay on a topic to be chosen from a list of general questions announced in March each year, and to be submitted in August. ... 2021: 1st Prize: Saumya Nair ...
The 2021 Mike McNamee Student Essay Prize
The 2021 Mike McNamee Student Essay Prize. Each year the British Philosophy of Sport Association holds a competition, sponsored by our publisher, Routledge/Taylor and Francis, for student essays in the philosophy of sport. I had the privilege of being involved in the judging process for the 2021 prize. The short-listed essays I read were of an ...
Gould Essay Prize for English Lit 2022
Gould prize in English Literature (Cambridge University) Oxbridge Competitions; Will my English GCSE effect my chance of getting into Oxford PPE; alevel languages mfl german; English Literature Extra / Suppercurriculars; English Literature 2022 Paper (AQA) A level subjects; Grade 9 help!! English lit immerse education essay competition
2020 Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature
2020 Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature; Watch. 3 years ago. 2020 Gould Prize for Essays in English Literature. Auzendriel. 10. Hey guys, I was wondering if anyone entered the Gould Prize essay comp this year. 0 Report. Reply. Reply 1. 3 years ago. idmlily. 7. I did! I did 'What are poems made from?', what about you? 0 Report. Reply ...

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