how to get stock research reports

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Stock Research: How to Do Your Due Diligence in 4 Steps

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Stock research involves investigating a company's financials, leadership team and competition to figure out if you want to invest.

When doing stock research, it's helpful to know terms such as revenue, earnings per share and price-earnings ratio.

A good stock research site can help you find lots of information quickly and may even offer stock analysis.

Stock research is a lot like shopping for a car. You can base a decision solely on technical specs, but it’s also important to consider how the ride feels on the road, the manufacturer’s reputation and whether the color of the interior will camouflage dog hair.

What is stock research?

Stock research is a method of analyzing stocks based on factors such as the company’s financials, leadership team and competition. Stock research helps investors evaluate a stock and decide whether it deserves a spot in their portfolio.

» Looking for a lesson in how to buy stocks instead? We have a full guide to that here .

4 steps to research stocks

One note before we dive in: Stocks are considered long-term investments because they carry quite a bit of risk; you need time to weather any ups and downs and benefit from long-term gains. That means investing in stocks is best for money you won't need in at least the next five years. (Elsewhere we outline better options for short-term savings .)

1. Gather your stock research materials

Start by reviewing the company's financials. This is called quantitative research, and it begins with pulling together a few documents that companies are required to file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC):

Form 10-K: An annual report that includes key financial statements that have been independently audited. Here you can review a company’s balance sheet, its sources of income and how it handles its cash, and its revenues and expenses.

Form 10-Q: A quarterly update on operations and financial results.

Best stock research websites

The SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (EDGAR) website provides a searchable database of the forms named above. It’s a valuable resource for learning how to research stocks.

Short on time? You’ll find highlights from the above filings and important financial ratios on your brokerage firm ’s website or on major financial news websites. (If you don't have a brokerage account, here's how to open one .) This information will help you compare a company’s performance against other candidates for your investment dollars.

» View our picks: The best online brokers for stock trading

2. Narrow your focus

These financial reports contain a ton of numbers and it's easy to get bogged down. Zero in on the following line items to become familiar with the measurable inner workings of a company:

Revenue: This is the amount of money a company brought in during the specified period. It’s the first thing you’ll see on the income statement, which is why it’s often referred to as the “top line.” Sometimes revenue is broken down into “operating revenue” and “nonoperating revenue.” Operating revenue is most telling because it’s generated from the company’s core business. Nonoperating revenue often comes from one-time business activities, such as selling an asset.

Net income: This “bottom line” figure — so called because it’s listed at the end of the income statement — is the total amount of money a company has made after operating expenses, taxes and depreciation are subtracted from revenue. Revenue is the equivalent of your gross salary, and net income is comparable to what’s left over after you’ve paid taxes and living expenses.

Earnings and earnings per share (EPS). When you divide earnings by the number of shares available to trade, you get earnings per share. This number shows a company’s profitability on a per-share basis, which makes it easier to compare with other companies. When you see earnings per share followed by “(ttm)” that refers to the “trailing twelve months.”

Earnings is far from a perfect financial measurement because it doesn’t tell you how — or how efficiently — the company uses its capital. Some companies take those earnings and reinvest them in the business. Others pay them out to shareholders in the form of dividends.

Price-earnings ratio (P/E): Dividing a company’s current stock price by its earnings per share — usually over the last 12 months — gives you a company’s trailing P/E ratio . Dividing the stock price by forecasted earnings from Wall Street analysts gives you the forward P/E. This measure of a stock’s value tells you how much investors are willing to pay to receive $1 of the company’s current earnings.

Keep in mind that the P/E ratio is derived from the potentially flawed earnings per share calculation, and analyst estimates are notoriously focused on the short term. Therefore it’s not a reliable stand-alone metric.

Return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA): Return on equity reveals, in percentage terms, how much profit a company generates with each dollar shareholders have invested. The equity is shareholder equity. Return on assets shows what percentage of its profits the company generates with each dollar of its assets. Each is derived from dividing a company’s annual net income by one of those measures. These percentages also tell you something about how efficient the company is at generating profits.

Here again, beware of the gotchas. A company can artificially boost return on equity by buying back shares to reduce the shareholder equity denominator. Similarly, taking on more debt — say, loans to increase inventory or finance property — increases the amount in assets used to calculate return on assets.

» Want to make sense of stock charts? Learn how to read stock charts and interpret data

3. Turn to qualitative stock research

If quantitative stock research reveals the black-and-white financials of a company’s story, qualitative stock research provides the technicolor details that give you a truer picture of its operations and prospects.

Warren Buffett famously said: “Buy into a company because you want to own it, not because you want the stock to go up.” That’s because when you buy stocks, you purchase a personal stake in a business.

Here are some questions to help you screen your potential business partners:

How does the company make money? Sometimes it’s obvious, such as a clothing retailer whose main business is selling clothes. Sometimes it’s not, such as a fast-food company that derives most of its revenue from selling franchises or an electronics firm that relies on providing consumer financing for growth. A good rule of thumb that’s served Buffett well: Invest in common-sense companies that you truly understand.

Does this company have a competitive advantage? Look for something about the business that makes it difficult to imitate, equal or eclipse. This could be its brand, business model, ability to innovate, research capabilities, patent ownership, operational excellence or superior distribution capabilities, to name a few. The harder it is for competitors to breach the company’s moat, the stronger the competitive advantage.

How good is the management team? A company is only as good as its leaders’ ability to plot a course and steer the enterprise. You can find out a lot about management by reading their words in the transcripts of company conference calls and annual reports. Also research the company’s board of directors, the people representing shareholders in the boardroom. Be wary of boards comprised mainly of company insiders. You want to see a healthy number of independent thinkers who can objectively assess management’s actions.

What could go wrong ? We’re not talking about developments that might affect the company’s stock price in the short-term, but fundamental changes that affect a business’s ability to grow over many years. Identify potential red flags using “what if” scenarios: An important patent expires; the CEO’s successor starts taking the business in a different direction; a viable competitor emerges; new technology usurps the company’s product or service.

4. Put your stock research into context

As you can see, there are endless metrics and ratios investors can use to assess a company’s general financial health and calculate the intrinsic value of its stock. But looking solely at a company's revenue or income from a single year or the management team's most recent decisions paints an incomplete picture.

Before you buy any stock, you want to build a well-informed narrative about the company and what factors make it worthy of a long-term partnership. And to do that, context is key.

For long-term context, pull back the lens of your research to look at historical data. This will give you insight into the company's resilience during tough times, reactions to challenges, and ability to improve its performance and deliver shareholder value over time.

Then look at how the company fits into the big picture by comparing the numbers and key ratios above to industry averages and other companies in the same or similar business. Many brokers offer research tools on their websites. The easiest way to make these comparisons is by using your broker's educational tools, such as a stock screener. (Learn how to use a stock screener .) There are also several free stock screeners available online.

The bottom line on how to research stocks

Stock research is just a matter of gathering the right materials from the right websites, looking at some key numbers (quantitative stock research), asking some important questions (qualitative stock research) and looking at how a company compares to its industry peers — as well as how it compares to itself in years past.

Following these four steps can help you gain a deeper understanding of how to research stocks.

Colloquially, yes — "due diligence" or "DD" is a synonym for stock research.

Some professional investors, such as financial advisors, have a duty to act in their clients' best interest and are legally required take care, or exercise "due diligence," to not harm them financially — for example, by thoroughly researching an investment before buying it on behalf of a client.

Paid subscriptions and tools may streamline the research process, and may have more obscure types of stock data that aren't easy to find for free. But all of the types of data we've discussed in this article, such as SEC filings and valuation metrics, are available for free on websites such as EDGAR and Yahoo Finance .

Some professional investors, such as

financial advisors,

have a duty to act in their clients' best interest and are legally required take care, or exercise "due diligence," to not harm them financially — for example, by thoroughly researching an investment before buying it on behalf of a client.

Paid subscriptions and tools may streamline the research process, and may have more obscure types of stock data that aren't easy to find for free. But all of the types of data we've discussed in this article, such as SEC filings and valuation metrics, are available for free on websites such as

Yahoo Finance

More reading for active investors

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Short Selling: 5 Steps to Shorting a Stock

» Who offers the best research? View our list of the best online brokers for beginners .

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How To Research Stocks

Updated: Jul 30, 2024, 7:57pm

No matter if you’re a DIY investor or just someone who wants to know more about your investments, you don’t need to work on Wall Street to understand how to research stocks.

While researching stocks may sound complicated—and let’s be honest, there’s a lot of jargon—it’s a process that can be mastered with patience and some help from the following stock research guide.

A Few Things to Know about Researching Stocks

If you’re looking for a silver bullet, that one piece of information about a company that will tell you whether a stock is a winner or not, you’re going to be disappointed. That’s not the way this works.

Researching stocks requires gathering and analyzing multiple data points in order to find the equity investment that meets your needs. But you’re doing so to build a case for or against a stock, rather than a specific right answer to whether you should buy or sell.

“Equity research is an art, not a science,” said Asher Rogovy, a registered investment adviser ( RIA ) and chief investment officer of advisory firm Magnifina.

Every public company operates differently, and every stock investor has their own unique financial goals and interests. For Rogovy, that means researching stocks is as much about your particular investing strategy as it is about the market data you’re looking at.

To put that another way, stock research helps you build a story about a public company’s finances and business practices, and how those things might make the stock a good fit for you.

Start by Gathering Research Data on Stocks

The first step in building the story is to gather data. Here are easy-to-access resources that you can use to get started.

Equity Analyst Reports

Equity analysts are highly trained professionals who research stocks for a living. You should definitely be using their reports to your advantage.

If you have an online brokerage account , you can find analyst reports for most stocks on your brokerage platform. Navigate to an individual stock’s ticker page on the site, and see what sort of reports are available.

Equity analyst reports typically rate stocks as buy, sell or hold, based on their independent research. These terms are pretty straightforward, as the analyst is just telling you that a stock is worth buying (if you don’t already own it) or selling (if you already own it). Hold generally means the company should continue to perform in line with the market.

Some of the major analyst reports to follow are issued by Thomson Reuters, MarketEdge and Argus. You can also find consensus reports by companies like TipRanks , which gathers research from multiple analysts and gives a broader view of how the industry views a stock.

One of the best parts about a consensus report is that you can see opinions of multiple individual analysts, get a view of their overall ratings as analysts—yep, analysts are rated, too—and their track record for accuracy.

Take analyst ratings with a grain of salt, though, since they have a documented conflict of interest and research shows they can be too optimistic.

Dig into the Fundamentals

When researching stocks, the term “fundamentals” refers to data on a company’s financial performance. This includes things like revenue, profitability, assets and liabilities, and growth potential. Fundamental analysis helps you understand the financial health of a stock.

All publicly traded companies are required to file information about their finances with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). You can find these annual (10-K) and quarterly earnings reports (10-Q) on every company’s investor relations page or by searching for a company’s records at the SEC’s EDGAR database online.

If you have an online brokerage account, you can also use the platform to find similar data. Log in and search by ticker to review company fundamentals like dividends and earnings per share (EPS), along with a stock’s historical and year-to-date performance. Some online brokerages also link to current news about the stock as well on the ticker page, making it easy to see news about a stock.

Online Stock Research Websites

There are plenty of online stock research websites that can get you plenty of information on the stock of your choice:

• Yahoo! Finance
• Seeking Alpha
• Motley Fool

While many of the sites listed above have paid subscription services, you can generally find the basics that you need to know about a company from the free side of the service.

Understand the Numbers

Once you’ve gathered the research on your stock, you can dig into the stock’s financials. A company’s financial health has everything to do with how analysts rate its stock and should play a role in any decisions you need to make about adding the stock to your portfolio.

Here are the key financial criteria you’re going to be looking for:

• P/E Ratio (price-to-earnings ratio). Also known as a stock’s earnings multiple or price multiple or, the P/E ratio is a number that measures a company’s current stock price (P) against its earnings per share (E). A P/E ratio is either forward-looking (uses estimated earnings) or backwards-looking (earnings that already occured).
• PEG Ratio (price-to-earnings-growth ratio). While it sounds like a mouthful, a company’s PEG ratio expresses a company’s P/E ratio divided by its annual earnings per share growth.
• P/B Ratio (price-to-book ratio). This ratio shows the relationship of a stock’s current price to the book value of the company. The book value is what a company could expect to get if it shut down tomorrow (yikes) and sold off all its assets.
• Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). ROA is how efficiently a company uses its assets to create revenue. ROE is all about how much profit a company creates for every dollar that shareholders invest.

These figures help you make comparisons between different companies, or between a company and a basket of similar companies. They give you a sense of how expensive a particular stock is trading compared to its peers, and how much it might grow.

Learn About The Company

After getting the numbers down, continue to research a stock by learning about the leaders who run the company. Even if you’re a fan of the folks who make your laptop or your favorite sneakers, there’s more about a company that impacts whether a stock should be an addition to your portfolio.

• Leadership. Who is leading the company? What’s their management philosophy? Where did they work prior to running this company and how did they help their previous company succeed?
• Culture. How does the company rank on best places to work lists and additional lists that speak to equity, diversity and inclusion like the Corporate Equality Index.
• ESG. How does the company prioritize environmental, sustainability and governance ( ESG ) initiatives in how it operates and generates revenue? Use MSCI’s tool for an ESG deep dive into thousands of companies.
• Trends. Does the company have a strategy to remain competitive? Does it have business in multiple verticals and profit centers? And speaking to recent events, if the world shuts down because of a global pandemic, does the company still have ways to serve its customers and generate revenue? Much of this information can be found in the analysts notes you’ve compiled.

While some investors would consider these to be “feel good” criteria, there’s no downside to companies with solid, proven leadership. Also, a 2019 study from McKinsey found that companies with executive teams that ranked in the top quartile for gender diversity were “25 percent more likely to have above-average profitability than companies in the fourth quartile—up from 21 percent in 2017 and 15 percent in 2014.”

Put It All In Context

With this sizable amount of information about a stock, you can start to assess whether it’s a fit for your investing goals. Here are a few scenarios that can help spark ideas to decide what sort of investing goals you want to pursue.

• Income investing. If a particular stock has buy ratings across the board, solid financials and sound leadership but cut its dividends to zero during the pandemic, you might consider a different well-rated stock in the same asset class with a long history of consistent dividends.
• Growth investing. If your favorite sneaker company consistently puts out new products but doesn’t show signs of long-term financial growth, you could consider this stock for a different part of your portfolio or skip it since it’s not going to meet the growth you need to meet your financial goals.
• Value investing. Value investors look for underpriced stocks. They believe the stock market overreacts to events that impact individual companies, and that short-term developments drive moves in stock prices that don’t always reflect a company’s long-term fundamentals.
• Socially responsible investing. If your research into an agricultural company demonstrates that they’re not proactive with watershed protection and don’t have plans to build out an overall EGS strategy, a well-rated stock with an excellent returns history might not make the cut.

You also don’t want to fall in love with a company just because they seem like an innovative force, said Robert R. Johnson, CFA and professor of finance at Heider College of Business at Creighton University. He cites the example of automakers and how they would go on to change transportation.

“In the early part of the last century, there were 2,000 auto companies,” he said. But as of the late 1990s, only three of those companies survived. “While auto had a tremendous impact on society, investors weren’t duly rewarded.”

The Bottom Line On How To Research Stocks

Researching stocks gives you a better feeling for a company’s financial health and whether it’s an attractive choice for your financial goals. Be sure to leverage the research that’s already out there because you don’t have to go it alone. Analysts are paid to research stocks for a living and their work shouldn’t be ignored, even if you don’t buy every word.

The biggest decision you’ll have to make after researching stocks is whether you want to continue to do all the heavy lifting, or instead, explore other strategies like exchange-traded funds ( ETFs ), mutual funds or robo-advisors that do the hard work of deciding what belongs in your portfolio at any given time. It truly comes down to a matter of preference, time and enthusiasm for the research process.

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How to Research Stocks

Researching stocks can give you a long-term advantage as an investor..

Analyzing stocks helps investors find the best investment opportunities. By using analytical methods when researching stocks, you can find stocks trading for a discount to their true value and be in a great position to capture future market-beating returns.

1. Understand the two types of stock analysis

When it comes to analyzing stocks, there are two basic ways you can go: fundamental analysis and technical analysis.

Fundamental analysis

This analysis is based on the assumption that a stock price doesn't necessarily reflect the intrinsic value of the underlying business. This is the central tool value investors use to find the best investment opportunities. Fundamental analysts use valuation metrics and other information to determine whether a stock is attractively priced. Fundamental analysis is designed for investors looking for excellent long-term returns.

Technical analysis

Technical analysis generally assumes that a stock's price reflects all available information and that prices generally move according to trends. In other words, by analyzing a stock's price history, you may be able to predict its future behavior. If you've ever seen someone trying to identify patterns in stock charts or discussing moving averages, that's a form of technical analysis.

One important distinction is that fundamental analysis is intended to find long-term investment opportunities. Technical analysis typically focuses on short-term price fluctuations.

The Motley Fool generally advocates fundamental analysis to seek the best long-term investment opportunities and not the best trades. By focusing on great businesses trading at fair prices, fundamental analysts believe investors can beat the market over time.

2. Learn some important investing metrics

With that in mind, let's take a look at four of the most important and easily understood metrics every investor should have in their analytical toolkit to understand a company's financial statements :

• Price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio : Companies report their profits to shareholders as earnings per share, or EPS for short. The price-to-earnings ratio, or P/E ratio, is a company's share price divided by its annual per-share earnings. For example, if a stock trades for $30 and the company's earnings were $2 per share over the past year, we'd say it traded for a P/E ratio of 15, or 15 times earnings. This is the most common valuation metric in fundamental analysis and is useful for comparing companies in the same industry with similar growth prospects.
• Price-to-earnings-growth (PEG) ratio : Different companies grow at different rates. The PEG ratio takes a stock's P/E ratio and divides it by the expected annualized earnings growth rate over the next few years to level the playing field. For example, a stock with a P/E ratio of 20 and 10% expected earnings growth over the next five years would have a PEG ratio of 2. The idea is that a fast-growing company can be "cheaper" than a slower-growing one. This can be a great metric to use in cases where a stock's P/E ratio seems excessively high.
• Price-to-book (P/B) ratio : A company's book value is the net value of all of its assets. Think of book value as the amount of money a company would theoretically have if it shut down its business and sold everything it owned. The price-to-book, or P/B, ratio is a comparison of a company's stock price and its book value. This is best used in conjunction with other metrics to compare businesses in the same industry.
• Debt-to-EBITDA ratio: One good way to gauge financial health is by looking at a company's debt. There are several debt metrics, but the debt-to-EBITDA ratio is a good one for beginners to learn. You can find a company's total debts on its balance sheet, and you'll find its EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) on its income statement. Then, turn the two numbers into a ratio. A high debt-to-EBITDA ratio could be a sign of a higher-risk investment, especially during recessions and other tough times.

3. Look beyond the numbers to analyze stocks

This is perhaps the most important step in the analytical process. While everyone loves a good bargain, there's more to stock research and analysis than just looking at valuation metrics.

It is far more important to invest in a good business than a cheap stock. Warren Buffett

With that in mind, here are three other essential components of stock analysis that you should watch:

• Durable competitive advantages: As long-term investors, we want to know that a company will be able to sustain (and hopefully increase) its market share over time. So it's important to try to identify a durable competitive advantage -- also known as an economic moat -- in the company's business model when analyzing potential stocks. This can come in several forms. For example, a trusted brand name can give a company pricing power. Patents can protect it from competitors. A large distribution network can give it a higher net margin than competitors.
• Great management: It doesn't matter how good a company's product is or how much growth is taking place in an industry if the wrong people are making key decisions. Ideally, the CEO and other main executives of a company will have successful and extensive industry experience and financial interests that align with shareholder interests. High insider ownership and a large proportion of stock-based incentive compensation are two things to consider.
• Industry trends: Investors should focus on industries that have favorable long-term growth prospects. For example, over the past decade or so, the percentage of retail sales that take place online has grown from less than 6% to almost 15% today, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. So e-commerce is an example of an industry with a favorable growth trend. Cloud computing , payments technology, and healthcare are among other industries that are likely to grow significantly in the years ahead.

A basic example of stock analysis

Let's look at a hypothetical scenario. We'll say that I want to add a home-improvement stock to my portfolio and that I'm trying to decide between Home Depot ( HD 0.09% ) and Lowe's ( LOW -0.21% ).

First, I'd take a look at some numbers. Here's how these two companies stack up in terms of some of the metrics we've discussed:

Here's the key takeaway from these figures. Home Depot appears to be the cheaper buy on just a P/E basis. However, Lowe's has a higher projected growth rate, so its PEG ratio shows it might actually be the "cheaper" stock. On the other hand, Lowe's has a higher debt-to-EBITDA multiple, so this could indicate Lowe's isn't quite as financially strong.

I wouldn't say that either company has a major competitive advantage over the other. Home Depot arguably has the better brand name and distribution network. However, its advantages aren't so significant that they would sway my investment decision, especially when Lowe's looks more attractive when considering its expected growth. I'm a fan of both management teams, and the home improvement industry is one that should always be busy. Plus, both are relatively recession-resistant businesses.

If you think I'm picking a few metrics to focus on and basing my opinions on them, you're right. And that's the point: There's no one perfect way to research stocks, which is why different investors choose different stocks.

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Solid analysis can help you make smart decisions

There's no one correct way to analyze stocks. The goal of stock analysis is to find companies that you believe are good values and great long-term businesses. Not only does this help you find stocks likely to deliver strong returns, but using analytical methods like those described here can help prevent you from making bad investments and losing money.

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11 Best Stock Research Websites & Tools (2024)

Thomas is a well-rounded financial professional, with over 20 years of experience in investments, corporate finance, and accounting. His investment experience includes oversight of a $4 billion portfolio for an insurance group. Varied finance and accounting work includes credit analyses, the development of multiyear financial forecasts, and the evaluation of capital budgeting proposals and investment opportunities. Beyond the corporate setting, he’s assisted individuals and businesses of all sizes with accounting, financial planning, and investing matters; lent his financial expertise to a few well-known websites; and tutored students via a few virtual forums.

You’re a savvy investor.

You know what you’re doing, and you know the tools and information your investing style demands in order to be successful.

But if you’re anything like I was, you’ve got 15 different stock research tools you use on a regular basis. 

What a pain .

What you need is a “go-to” site – one place to handle the majority of your stock analysis.

The trouble is, there’s a million tools out there, all claiming to be the best stock research website.

So, which one really is the best?

Well, it depends on what you’re looking for.

The 4 Types of Stock Research Websites & Tools

• Stock Pickers/Analysts
• Stock Screeners
• Investment Researchers
• News/Basic Quote Information Providers

If you’re not sure which category you should be looking in, here’s a few questions to give yourself some clarity:

Or – most commonly – some combination of all of these?

Here’s a list of the 8 Best Stock Research Websites & Tools that will meet your needs and goals as an investor. 

Plus, a detailed explanation of each sites’ best features and limitations, what type of investor it’s right for, and pricing.

1. WallStreetZen – The Best Stock Research Website Overall

WallStreetZen is (in our biased opinion) the best stock research website in 2024.

WallStreetZen makes it easy for serious, part-time investors to perform heavy fundamental analysis and get new stock ideas in minutes, not hours. This stock analysis website aggregates the latest financial data and summarizes a stock’s fundamental strengths and weaknesses in simple, one-line explanations that help you make better long-term investing decisions.

WSZ was built to cover all 4 stock research categories – If you’re looking to research companies, perform fundamental analysis, get stock recommendations from top analysts, or use a screener that’s built to handle your personal investing style, WallStreetZen is the site for you.

Zen Score is a summary of a company’s fundamental strengths and weaknesses, generated in seconds, from which you can launch further investigation:

After noting AAPL’s Forecast score of just 33, we can dig deeper and quickly see its forecasted revenue and earnings are less than stellar, both of which are projected to grow at rates slower than its industry and market averages:

After finding that out, you may decide to investigate these figures more closely on AAPL’s Forecast page , where you can read analyst commentaries and the thoughts going into their projections (with “Find out why”).

Top Analysts

WallStreetZen tracks and ranks nearly 4,000 analysts based on the returns, frequency, and win rate of their stock recommendations over multiple years, so you get the very best ideas from proven performers. Plus, the Top Analysts feature lets you dig into the exact reasons why an analyst made their buy/sell/hold recommendation and read analyst narratives on any stock:

Check out the profile of a Top 1% Analyst Lloyd Walmsley , who turned SNAP into a 500%+ gain in 1 year:

Looks like he’s currently recommending DSP , with a price target suggesting 50%+ upside.

To see the full list of analysts, click here . You can filter by Sector & Industry and sort by date of their Latest Rating.

Stock Screener

You probably already have an investing style. What you need now is a way to translate those personal preferences into investment ideas. Unlike its peers, WallStreetZen’s Stock Screener allows you to easily filter on whatever quantitative or qualitative criteria you find most important, and save your setups:

If you’re not sure what criteria to use, WallStreetZen’s stock screener also comes with a library of pre-built Stock Ideas to get you started. How about discovering the most recent insider transactions with Bullish Insider Buys :

As we learned from Peter Lynch, insiders buy for only one reason: They think the stock will go up.

And More…

Watchlists , consensus ratings, “Why Price Moved”, news feeds, visual comparisons across time, and so much more – the more you use it, the more you’ll find.

Plus, unlike the other sites you’ll find on this list of best stock research websites, WallStreetZen offers the vast majority of its features for free, up to a certain number of uses per month.

Who It’s For

WallStreetZen is the best stock research website overall because it handles nearly every component of the investing process:

I may be biased, but I do believe it’s the most versatile site on this list of best websites for stock research – investors with varying objectives can all benefit from its comprehensive suite of features (Zen Score, Top Analysts, Screener, Stock Ideas, etc.).

WallStreetZen may be a good supplement for investors who rely heavily on technical analysis, but it won’t replace their main charting tool. 

However, even if you’re a pure day trader, it’s never a bad idea to check the underlying fundamentals of the stocks you’re trading or see the latest analyst stock ratings from Wall Street’s top analysts.

WallStreetZen has two plans: Basic and Premium :

Unlike the other sites on this list, the Basic plan is free (just start researching!) and includes almost every feature, but power users will want to upgrade to Premium to unlock unlimited access. The cost?

WallStreetZen has expanded into stock-picking!

With a Zen Investor subscription, you can save precious research time and let a 40+ year market veteran do the heavy lifting for you. Here’s what you get: ​ ✅ Portfolio of up to 30 of the best stocks for the long haul, hand-selected by Steve Reitmeister, former editor-in-chief of Zacks.com with a 4-step process using WallStreetZen tools

✅ Monthly Commentary & Portfolio Updates

✅ Sell Alerts if the thesis changes

✅ Members Only Webinars

✅ 24/7 access to all the elements noted above

✅ Access to an archive of past trades and commentary.

2. Seeking Alpha – The Best Investment Research Website

While WallStreetZen and Morningstar give you all of the fundamental data and additional analyst reports you need to make your own informed decisions, Seeking Alpha puts its analysts front and center:

Even as an employee of WallStreetZen, I have a personal account with Seeking Alpha – I’m a fan of the product. That’s why it easily ranks as #2 on this list of the best stock research websites.

If you’ve ever typed a ticker into Google, you’ve likely stumbled across one of these analysts’ reports.

Unlike WallStreetZen , however, its articles and blogs (which are typically buy/sell/hold recommendations) are crowdsourced by primarily amateur investors with varying backgrounds – anyone can apply to be a writer.

Users are encouraged to follow their favorite analysts/authors and will typically follow their recommendations for buying and selling equities.

While it does offer data for fundamental analysis, this information serves as a backdrop to its analysts’ research, and – like its screener – is reserved for Premium users only .

However, unlike Zacks or Motley Fool, there’s much more transparency about why SA’s analysts are making their buy/sell decisions for their own portfolios. Personally, this is my favorite feature.

Who It’s For

If you want stock ideas and the accompanying research from fellow investors who are actually putting their own money into their recommendations, Seeking Alpha Premium is a solid choice:

Seeking Alpha is built for investors who want to read other investors’ commentaries, opinions, and analyses to help guide their own portfolio decisions.

Seeking Alpha has 3 membership tiers, but Premium is by far the best value (in my opinion):

After your free trial, the link above will give you a $50 coupon

Read my full Seeking Alpha Premium review .

3. The Motley Fool – The Best Stock-Picking Website

One of the most well-known and best websites for stock research in the world, The Motley Fool:

The Motley Fool focuses on a variety of premium services, all of which espouse a buy-and-hold strategy.

Its most popular product, Stock Advisor , has returned 561% as of 1/25/24 since its inception in 2002 (compared to 142% by the S&P 500), hence why I’m recommending this service today.

The site’s investing philosophy revolves around ignoring short-term volatility, choosing instead to focus on companies’ strong fundamentals and riding market trends:

The Motley Fool Stock Advisor service gives out 2 monthly recommendations, alongside a list of 10 “Starter Stocks”, a knowledge base, market news coverage, access to The Motley Fool Community, and more.

This service’s biggest winners include: Netflix, Amazon, Booking Holdings, Disney, and Activision Blizzard.

Motley Fool Stock Advisor is for long-term investors looking to get a few premium stock picks per month:

Again, you’re only paying for stock picks and some supporting analysis, not the data/information needed to make buy/sell/hold decisions independently.

Motley Fool Stock Advisor is typically $199/year, but if you sign up with the link below your first year will cost just $79 *:

Also, if you sign up for the annual membership with the link above, there is a 30-day membership-fee-back guarantee.

*Motley Fool Stock Advisor returns are 561% as compared to the S&P 500 returns of 142% as of 1/24/24. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Individual investment results may vary. All investing involves risk of loss.

*$79 promotional price for new members only. 60% discount based on current list price of $199/year. Membership will renew annually at the then-current list price .

4. Morningstar – The Best Portfolio Research Website

Morningstar is one of the world’s most widely respected equity research firms, used by both retail and professional investors alike. It’s one of the best stock research websites because of its focus on hard data for the long-term value investor.

If you’ve been on more than a couple different stock sites, you’ve likely seen “Morningstar ratings”, which should give you an idea of the amount of respect Morningstar has earned from its peers.

Beyond financial data, the site is full of content and daily updates via news feeds and multiple newsletters:

While Morningstar allows you to research fundamentals for securities like stocks and bonds, its primary focus is mutual funds. 

Morningstar analyst reports provide in-depth analyses from over 150+ independent analysts, enabling you to make decisions with confidence knowing that data and solid due diligence has gone into each rating.

If you like what you’ve seen from the basic version of Morningstar, you have to check out Morningstar Premium .

Beyond an enhanced version of its core offering, Morningstar Premium has tools for tax planning, asset allocation, personal finance, retirement, and education investing.

Morningstar is a fantastic tool regardless of the type of investor you are. For long-term investors and those who love to keep their finger on the market pulse, this is a fantastic option:

However, the site can be a bit overwhelming because of how much (not always helpful) information you must weed through, and it doesn’t offer as many free features as WallStreetZen .

Like its peers, Morningstar comes in two forms: Basic and Premium :

I know countless financial advisors who use Morningstar Premium as their primary tool and news source. It’s legit.

(Read my Morningstar Premium review .)

Zacks Investment Research is one of the largest providers of independent stock, ETF, and mutual fund research in the U.S.:

The site is best-known for its simple rating system, ranging from Rank #1 (Strong Buy) to Rank #5 (Strong Sell).

Zacks members receive research published in daily newsletters including market news and commentary, Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) stocks, Bull and Bear of the Day, stock and portfolio tracking, quote lookups, investment ideas from Zacks’ analysts, Top Stories, and more.

According to the site, Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) stocks have more than doubled the S&P 500 with an average gain of +25.1% per year from January 1, 1988 through April 4, 2022 – quite consistent, and is the single biggest selling point for its service and what merits its spot on our best stock research sites list:

Self-directed short-term traders, long-term investors, and those interested in mutual funds and ETFs, can leverage its independent research and the Zacks Rank through a comprehensive suite of investment newsletters, including value, growth, income, options and more.

It also has educational, video, and podcast content to learn about investing and to gain insights into current market conditions.

If you’re simply looking for premium stock picks to follow and don’t want to use Motley Fool Stock Advisor , Zacks is an obvious choice:

If you’re not interested in copying other analysts’ trades and having access to their research, look elsewhere.

Zacks is built as a members-only platform, with quite a few different services. Its service with the best value is Zacks Premium, which you can try for free for 30 days with the link below:

After the trial period, Premium will cost $249/year.

Read my full Zacks Premium review .

6. FINVIZ – The Best Standalone Stock Screener Website

When it comes to researching and filtering on vast amounts of statistical information, FINVIZ stands alone, which is why it’s the only true screener on this list of best stock research tools.

There aren’t a lot of bells and whistles, just screens and screens of extensive financial data, charts, and statistics:

The FINVIZ screener offers 3 different types of filers: Descriptive, Fundamental, and Technical:

But, unlike WallStreetZen , the interface is not minimal, clean, or overly user-friendly.

The Descriptive filters are the basic set of filters offered on exchanges, such as market cap, dividend yield, earnings date, average volume, industry, price, country, etc. These filters are the first ones used to narrow down your search.

The second set of filters are called Fundamentals, and they go into even greater detail about the stocks. The user can filter tickers based on the basic P/E ratio, margins, sales growth quarter to quarter, EPS growth, insider ownership, and many more. P/E ratio data is important because it shows how a company is expected to perform in the future. 

(Get my full Finviz Elite Review here.)

The third filter option is the Technical filters such as moving averages, gap, RSI, volatility, performance, percentage change, after-hours change, and so on. This page also includes candlestick and patterns. 

As you can tell, FINVIZ is very complex and can be intimidating for many users who are new to stock trading or prefer a more qualitative approach. 

Although it offers news reports, blog reports, maps, groups, Portfolios and Insider Tabs, the heart and soul of FINVIZ is its screener, making it a somewhat limited option beyond a niche group of investors.

FINVIZ is a powerful tool but its use cases are limited, making it one of the best stock researching websites available for investors looking for a quantitative stock screener:

The site is severely lacking when it comes to fundamental analysis and qualitative investment research.

Like WallStreetZen , there are two plans to choose from: a free Basic plan and a paid, ad-free plan called Elite :

The free version offers most of the data and charts that a casual or beginner trader would need to be successful. However, many professional day traders find the Realtime data and backtesting features that come with Elite to be invaluable. 

You can choose to either pay monthly ($39.50) or annually ($299.50) for the Elite version .

7. Yahoo! Finance

Yahoo! Finance is still the most popular finance website in the U.S., earning its spot on our best stock market websites list.

Personally, my favorite feature is its news feed. Yahoo! Finance is the largest repository of third-party research reports sourced from analysts all over the world:

The quantity of information on its site is challenged by only 1 or 2 others on this list of best stock sites, and a lot of websites (including The Motley Fool, Seeking Alpha, and Zacks) derive a large amount of their traffic through Yahoo! Finance .

Beyond being a news repository, the site has a number of high-quality tools and features which include market data on everything from mutual funds to crypto, watchlists, company profiles, and premium features like advanced charting and portfolio analytics.

(For related websites, read my article on the best stock news apps for stock market news .)

Yahoo! Finance’s “no fuss, plain Jane” approach attracts experienced investors who know exactly what they’re looking for.

Unlike WallStreetZen , its statistics are fixed, numerical data points that lack any interpretation or comparisons. Compare the two sites’ displays of ROE data:

(Learn what is a good ROE and why Warren Buffett loves this figure.)

This may work for investors who know exactly what they’re looking for and what represents value for an individual company in a specific industry, but non-professional investors may find themselves looking for additional context.

That said, it’s a solid option for the news-centered, experienced investor:

While it technically does check all of the boxes, some of the features are not entirely helpful while others are hidden behind paywalls or just links to third-party sources, lowering its rank on our list of best stock analysis websites.

Yahoo! Finance offers 3 plan levels, Free, Lite , and Essential :

Before switching to WallStreetZen , I used the free version of Yahoo! Finance for 5+ years.

After a free 14-day trial, the Lite version costs $20.83/month and Essential costs $29.17/month, both of which are billed annually.

For Google’s (albeit much simpler) version, check out Google Finance – it deserves an honorable mention for best stock websites.

8. Wall Street Journal – The Best Stock News/Quote Information Website

This one may be a surprise on this list of best stock analysis tools, but the Wall Street Journal has been one of the top-ranked business journals in the world since its first issue in 1889.

Obviously, its focus is on news and current market events, but it also has a powerful section for looking up and doing some analysis on individual tickers, earning it a spot on our list of best stock research tools:

The Journal provides news on global stock exchanges and covers up-to-the-minute news from around the world. It also publishes 6 days per week, providing in-depth, well-vetted commentary you can trust.

In many ways, I prefer it to Yahoo! Finance , especially when it comes to its interface (though it lacks the repository of commentaries).

Stock market coverage is just one aspect of the WSJ site – if you’re looking for a quality news source and a place to do some light fundamental research, the WSJ is an excellent choice:

The Wall Street Journal is listed at $38.99/month, but they almost always have a special going where you can lock in a price at a lower rate. For example, I’ve been paying $4/month to use The Journal for the last 7 years.

9. Benzinga Pro – The Best Stock Research Website for Fast, Actionable Market News

It’s never fun to check your portfolio after the market closes and see one of your stocks was down 15% on the day because of an analyst downgrade.

You read the analyst’s report and realize your reason for buying is no longer relevant. You want to sell too, but at this point the stock is basically undervalued. Wouldn’t it have been nice to get this news when everybody else did?

Benzinga Pro was created for investors and traders who want to be the first ones to read news catalysts before they drive changes in stock prices. The service provides real-time, exclusive breaking news reports on thousands of publicly-traded companies.

If you’re tired of being in the dark and want access to exclusive content that drives stock prices, check out Benzinga Pro today:

After your free trial , I recommend the Basic plan which costs $27/month.

10. Motley Fool Epic

Above, I recommended The Motley Fool’s flagship product, Stock Advisor. What if you want more?

There’s a solution for you, and its name is Motley Fool Epic.

Epic combines four of Motley Fool’s most popular scorecards — Stock Advisor , Rule Breakers , Hidden Gems, and Dividend Investor — along with an incredible array of stock research tools and resources. 

I’ve already talked about Stock Advisor. But let’s focus on one of the other most popular scorecards included with Epic — Rule Breakers . This service focuses exclusively on disruptive technology stocks, companies with the potential to completely rearrange an entire industry and create massive returns for early shareholders.

Investing in this type of stocks brings increased volatility, but if you can stomach the large price swings and hold for several years, a Rule Breakers subscription can work wonders for your investment returns.

In addition to two stocks from Stock Advisor and 1 stock from Rule Breakers per month, you also get 1 pick from Hidden Gems, which provides foundational stocks that can anchor your portfolio, and 1 recommendation from Dividend Investor, which focuses on high-quality dividend stocks.

But Epic has a lot more to offer than stock picks. You also get a toolkit including Cautious, Moderate, and Aggressive Portfolio Strategies with specific stock allocation, FoolIQ research tools, simulators; access to full historical financial data, max drawdown, and projected annualized returns for all publicly traded companies in Fool IQ … And a lot more. Check out our Motley Fool Epic review for all the deets.

If you want high-quality stock picks and comprehensive research resources, Epic is a great selection.

• Fundamental analysis ✅
• Stock screener ❌
• Stock pickers/analysts ✅
• Investment research ✅
• News and quote data ✅
• Technical analysis ❌

Motley Fool Rule Breakers is typically $499/year, but if you sign up with the link below your first year will cost just $319

11. TradingView – The Best Stock Research Website for Day Trading

If you’re a trader who relies on technical analysis, you need a stock research tool created to handle your workflow.

In our opinion, TradingView stands alone in this category.

This stock research site has all of the trading bells and whistles: real-time data, indicators, complex charting capabilities, watchlists, screeners, and tools to help you research stocks, mutual funds, ETFs, cryptocurrencies, and more.

But what sets TradingView apart is its user interface. It’s incredibly intuitive, fast, and reliable. If you’re willing to try it, there’s an excellent chance it improves your workflow.

If you’re a day trader, TradingView deserves to be your #1 choice:

You can use TradingView for free, but I recommend getting started with the Pro+ membership which costs $24.95/month when billed annually.

Use the link below to snag a 30-day free trial:

Summary: The Best Stock Research Websites & Tools in document.write( new Date().getFullYear() );

Did you find the right stock investing tool for you?

If you’re looking for stock picks, Motley Fool Stock Advisor is the best option.

If you’re looking for a heavy screener, FINVIZ should be your tool.

For investment research, Morningstar Premium , Seeking Alpha Premium , and Yahoo! Finance are all viable options.

But, if you’re looking for the single, best overall stock research website, WallStreetZen is the place for you.

It has it all: Recommendations from top analysts, a customizable screener, top-tier fundamental analysis and investment data, and news feeds to keep you abreast of any new developments.

If you’re interested in doing your own stock research, read about the best stock analysis software .

Where to Invest $1,000 Right Now?

Did you know that stocks rated as "Buy" by the Top Analysts in WallStreetZen's database beat the S&P500 by 98.4% last year?

Our August report reveals the 3 "Strong Buy" stocks that market-beating analysts predict will outperform over the next year.

About the author

Jessie Moore has been writing professionally for nearly two decades; for the past seven years, she's focused on writing, ghostwriting, and editing in the finance space. She is a Today Show and Publisher's Weekly-featured author who has written or ghostwritten 10+ books on a wide variety of topics, ranging from day trading to unicorns to plant care.

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Keep reading.

Motley Fool Epic Review: Is It Worth It In 2024?

Which Is Best? Motley Fool vs Zacks vs Morningstar vs Seeking Alpha

Morningstar Review: Is The Cost of Premium Worth It in 2024?

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The 8 Best Stock Picking Services – Who Has The Best Stock Picking Record?

9 Best Stock Analysis Software & Apps for Better Returns (2024)

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US equities (^GSPC, ^DJI, ^IXIC) have begun to rebound after a sharp sell-off in previous trading days, closing the market ahead on Tuesday. Many questions remain as to how investors should play this bounce back but one of them is should investors continue to buy tech after coming down from previous highs? KeyBanc Capital Markets equity research analyst Jackson Ader joins Asking For A Trend to give insight into the tech sector, how its performing, and what investors need to know. In terms of a chief concern this earnings season for tech, capex spending, Ader relates back to Microsoft (MSFT) and its recent earnings: "What Microsoft said was, 'hey, we're actually a little bit more flexible than maybe you realize. Only half of our capex really goes into those fixed long term, 15, 20-year assets. And the other half is kits, GPUs.' Maybe they're going to be GPUs, maybe they're going to be CPUs, maybe they're going to be in-house chips. But the focus on flexibility in artificial intelligence, I think is going to be a really good one, and key for the industry. And that goes all the way down to software and all the way down to large language models. " For more expert insight and the latest market action, click here to watch this full episode of Asking for a Trend This post was written by Nicholas Jacobino

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What to look out for when researching stocks, before you start buying individual stocks, here's what to keep in mind..

Many money moves we make require doing our homework beforehand.

When saving up for a big purchase, research tells us it's important to know the difference between a traditional savings account versus a high-yield savings account . (Hint: the latter grows your money faster.)

Or, when signing up for a new travel credit card , we're naturally inclined to first shop around for the cards offering the best welcome bonus .

And when it comes to investing our money in the market, doing our research is just as crucial. You don't have to be an expert to start buying stocks, but the more you know going in, the better off your investing journey will be.

Here's what to keep in mind when researching stocks.

Start with yourself: What's your risk tolerance?

People ultimately buy stocks with one end-goal in mind: to build wealth. But it's important to note here that wealth is not guaranteed. Investing in individual stocks carries much more risk than, say, buying bonds or putting your money in index funds .

As you begin to research stocks, first know how much risk you can take on, or your risk tolerance . Are you able to comfortably stomach large financial losses? Financial experts typically recommend that you only invest money in individual stocks that you can afford to lose and, since investment returns are typically maximized over the long haul, only invest money that you won't need in the short term.

So the money you want to use for a down payment on a house in the next year or so, or for your kid's college education in the next 15, is best put in different types of accounts — think a high-yield savings and 529 account , respectively.

Look to put your money in low-cost index funds that offer automatic diversification, thus less risk. Two popular examples are the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) and the Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF (SCHB) .

You could also enlist a robo-advisor to do the work for you. Using your risk tolerance and time horizon, a robo-advisor platform like Betterment , Ellevest or SoFi Invest® will create a customized investment portfolio on your behalf.

Next, onto stocks: What does the company do?

Warren Buffett once said, "Never invest in a business you cannot understand."

This may seem obvious, but it's worth reminding yourself that you should understand what the company does, or the products it makes, before buying into it. After all, as an investor, owning its stock means owning a portion of that company.

Before betting your money on a software company specializing in data security and analytics, for example, make sure you understand how the cybersecurity world works.

How does the company make money?

Understanding the company's product is one thing, but understanding its finances paints a bigger picture that an investor needs to see. A company can be innovative, but does it make money that will, in turn, make you money? Take tech companies as an example. You may understand and like the product (and even use it yourself), but how do they monetize their huge platform of users?

To dive into a company's financials, look up its annual reports. Publicly-traded companies offer annual reports for free to the public so that current and future stockholders can view the company's performance and see what it has been up to.

You can usually find a company's annual report on its website, under an "investor relations" tab. Googling the company's name and "investor relations" is also a shortcut that will bring you to the right spot. On this webpage, you can also find information on the company's quarterly earnings calls, which anyone can tune into, as well as access analyst coverage of the company.

Has the company historically performed well?

A company's historical performance isn't a sole reason to buy (or not buy) its stock, but it can help lend some insight into what you can expect.

Websites Google Finance and Yahoo! Finance allow investors to research historical data, such as price charts that go back several decades. Users can also compare stocks' historical data with one another.

Note that past performance does not guarantee future success — just because a company has performed well in the past does not mean that it will continue to do so in the future.

Select reviewed over 12 online brokers that offer zero-commission trading and narrowed down the top six platforms for all sorts of investors: TD Ameritrade ; Ally Invest ; E*TRADE ; Vanguard ; Charles Schwab and Fidelity .

These six offer the widest range of investment options, user-friendly technology, quality customer support and educational resources. You can read more about our methodology on selecting the best $0 commission trading platforms below.

Bottom line

Before you jump into the complicated and risky world of stock investing, take the time to just get your feet wet by doing research beforehand.

Start by understanding your risk tolerance, and then move onto understanding what the publicly traded companies do, what products they offer, how they make money and how they've performed in the past. Experts generally suggest that individual stock picks make up only about 5% to 10% of your overall investment portfolio, with the remaining put in less risky investments.

Our methodology

To determine which $0 commission trading platform offers the best services for consumers, Select narrowed down offerings to a list of 10 initial platforms. We then analyzed and compared each one based on the following factors:

• Account minimums
• Account types
• Account and advisory fees
• Customer support
• Expense ratios of available investments
• Selection of investments
• Trading fees
• Available technology, including mobile platforms
• Educational tools and resources

After reviewing the above features, we based our recommendations on platforms offering the widest range of investment options, robust educational tools and resources, user-friendly technology, as well as the lowest fees and expense ratios. We also looked into each company's customer support structure, available avenues of communication and app reviews.

Note that with all trading platforms, there are no guarantees you'll earn a certain rate of return or current investment options will always be available. To determine the best approach for your specific investment goals, speaking with a reputable fiduciary investment advisor is recommended.

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Finding a Stock Analyst Report

Example: To evaluate Boeing, begin typing the name or the ticker (BA) in the upper left search box, then select the stock.

Be selecting this stock you are direct to Stock Analyst Report with Quote tab selected by default. Each tab offers in depth information.

On the stock’s quote page , the following tabs are available.

• Quote: Contains bid/size, ask/size, day range, volume / avg, year range, forward div yield, market cap, investment style, price/sales, beta, (5-year), consensus forward P/E, price/book, a snapshot of Morningstar analysis, analyst note, view report archive, company profile.
• Stock Analysis: Access our analyst’s comprehensive review, including Morningstar’s exclusive Star Rating, Moat Rating and Fair Value Estimate.
• News: contains articles from Market Watch, PR Newswire, Global News Select.
• Price vs Fair Value: contains price vs fair value chart.
• Trailing Returns: contains trailing returns chart (daily, monthly, quarterly).
• Financials: contains valuation, growth (3-year annualized), financial health, profitability, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow.
• Valuation: contains valuation chart.
• Operating Performance: contains fiscal chart, financial leverage chart.
• Dividends: contains dividends & splits chart, ex-dividend date, payable date, divided type, amount, dividend yield (TTM), dividend reinvestment plan.
• Ownership: contains ownership data for funds and institutions.
• Executive: contains key executives, board of directors, committees, transaction history.

Where to Get the Best Stock Research

Forget Wall Street’s calls. We tell you which newsletters and Web sites are the most helpful.

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Unless picking stocks is your full-time job, you can probably use some help finding attractive opportunities or getting a feel for what makes a company tick. But with everyone from Jim Cramer to your broker vying for your attention, you face a surfeit of options.

How to Be a Better Stock Investor

As with choosing an adviser, the key to finding good stock research is to identify an outfit that shares your investment philosophy, says Robert Stammers, director of investor education for the CFA Institute, which administers the chartered financial analyst designation. “You’re using them to reduce time and effort, so you need to find someone who thinks the same way and asks the same questions you do.” Here are our reviews of a few sources you may be considering.

Wall Street Research

This is also called sell-side research because it’s produced by investment banks, which sell securities to clients. In general, you should disregard the “buy,” “sell” and “hold” ratings of sell-side analysts. Their compensation is often tied to the fees their firms earn for trades on stocks an analyst covers (the hotter a stock, the more clients want to trade it). Plus, analysts often follow their employer’s investment-banking clients. Those considerations may lead to unwarranted bullishness or cause an analyst to pull his punches when the facts might otherwise dictate a bleaker view.

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But analysts’ profit estimates are helpful when figuring a stock’s price-earnings ratio. Moreover, revisions to estimates can provide an indicator of how informed players see a company’s business prospects changing. You can find data on estimates free at Yahoo Finance .

Independent Research

This category includes firms that offer access to their reports on a subscription basis or through discount brokers. S&P Capital IQ , formerly known as Standard & Poor’s, tracks 1,600 stocks. Its reports reach some 20 million people, including clients of many discount brokers. S&P analysts seek companies with strong growth prospects that also trade for meaningful discounts to the analysts’ price targets, says Stephen Biggar, S&P Capital IQ’s global director of stock research. “We try to provide the basis for our opinion in a way that leaves the reader with a good understanding of the company,” he says.

Reports from Argus Research are also ubiquitous among discount brokers. Rather than boil the ocean, Argus focuses on 450 U.S. stocks, including the largest 200 companies by market value and about 250 stocks “that clients are asking about,” such as Facebook and LinkedIn , says president John Eade. Analysts use a six-step process that begins by examining the outlook for the economy and a firm’s industry. They then study a firm’s business model, financial strength and management, analyze the risks and conclude by looking at a stock’s price.

A premium subscription to Morningstar gets you access to reports on 1,800 companies. In the spirit of Warren Buffett , Morningstar’s analysts favor com­panies with a wide “moat,” or defensible advantage, and stocks that sell at a discount to a firm’s true worth, which they estimate by forecasting future cash flows. Morningstar says that since it started rating stocks in June 2002 through July 31, wide-moat companies with “buy” ratings returned 17.8% a year, compared with 5.6% for Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index. Among stocks fitting the bill today are Cisco Systems , Martin Marietta Materials and Western Union.

For a quick study, it’s hard to top the Value Line Investment Survey , which reduces its analysts’ research on about 1,700 stocks down to one-page summaries that contain a dazzling array of numbers and succinct commentary. In addition to offering its analysts’ opinions, Value Line spits out Time­liness Rankings, which factor in earnings trends and stock-price movements. The top 100 names represent Value Line’s best ideas for stock-price results over the next six to 12 months. Over the past decade, the top picks gained an average of 3.6% annualized.

Newsletters

Mark Hulbert, who produces the Hulbert Financial Digest, has been tracking investing newsletters for decades. Among the 180 letters he follows, The Prudent Speculator is a top pick for long-term perform­ance. Its recommendations have returned 10.6% annualized over the past ten years. John Buckingham, who also manages the Al Frank Fund, edits Speculator. He assumed the solo lead role at the fund and the newsletter when founder Al Frank died in 2002. Buckingham looks for stocks that are cheap according to such measures as price to earnings, sales and book value (assets minus liabilities).

Hulbert also maintains an honor roll of newsletters that have produced above-average returns in both bull and bear markets for more than ten years. Investor Advisory Service is the top performer since Hulbert created the list in 1998; it has returned 10.2% annualized over the past ten years, compared with 6.3% annualized for the S&P 500.

The newsletter is published by ICLUBcentral, which also sells stock analysis software to investment clubs, but its analysis comes from Seger-Elvekrog, a money manager based in Novi, Mich., that oversees about $300 million. Scott Horsburgh, president of Seger-Elvekrog, says his team looks for firms with sustainable, double-digit earnings growth and stocks whose P/Es are below their long-term average P/Es. The aim is to pick stocks that can double in five years. “We look often and buy seldom,” he says.

Another top performer on Hulbert’s honor roll is Zacks Premium. The letter’s strategy is based on research by CEO Leonard Zacks, who found 30 years ago that stocks tended to perform well when analysts raised earnings estimates for the underlying companies and typically performed poorly when analysts trimmed profit forecasts. In addition, when quarterly earnings top or trail estimates, the trend is likely to repeat in the next quarter, causing the stock to rise when profits beat estimates or fall when they lag them. Zacks Investment Research’s 85 analysts bird-dog brokerage analysts’ estimates and earnings surprises to produce a portfolio of up to 100 stocks. The letter’s picks returned 9.7% annualized over the past ten years.

Web Resources

David Jackson, founder and CEO of Seeking Alpha , says too many sources of stock research underestimate the intelligence of their readers by assuming their audience needs to be told what to think. “There are always two sides to any stock story,” he says. “There are bulls and bears.” His Web site tries to provide investors with a broad range of perspectives, “so they’re empowered to make up their minds.”

Points of view abound. This is a great place to get a sense of how other investors view a company’s fortes and foibles. Jackson thinks the writing on the site is more compelling than other sources because Seeking Alpha’s authors have real money at stake on the ideas they share (writers must disclose any positions relevant to a post, although the site is limited in how stringently it can enforce this). Seeking Alpha also offers free transcripts of conference calls that company officials hold after releasing quarterly earnings reports. The calls are a great source for getting a sense of the boss’s own expectations.

For the self-directed investor, little can beat the comprehensiveness and depth of Yahoo Finance . Fan Barry Ritholtz, author of The Big Picture blog , says he can still remember the dinosaur age when instead of sailing through a few clicks, investors had to thumb through a physical tome to find analysts’ estimates, biggest shareholders and other facts about a company. “Yahoo Finance has a ridiculous amount of information in one space,” he says. “It’s mind-blowing how much stuff is free.”

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Use LSEG Workspace (formerly Refinitiv).

• To find analyst reports (also known as sell-side, broker, or equity research reports) for a specific company, search for that firm's ticker symbol or name in the top search box. Then, on the News & Research  menu, click on Company Research . Use filters near the top of the page to refine your search. 
• To screen for analyst reports based on a set of criteria, type  ADVRES in the search bar and select the Research Advanced Search app, or click on  Research in the main menu. then, click on Advanced Research . You can filter for reports by industry, geography, contributor, keywords, and more.

Note: LSEG Workspace has a  150-page daily limit for viewing and downloading research content. This limit is in lieu of retail prices listed on reports and resets at 12:00 AM Eastern Time daily.

Bloomberg (see access details ) contains some analyst reports.

• Type your company's ticker symbol, then hit the yellow EQUITY key, then type DSCO and hit the green GO key.
• To find reports by industry or keyword, type RES and hit the green GO key.

Morningstar equity research reports and analyst cash flow models can be found in PitchBook .

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Company Symbol Price %Chg Heritage In... 10.33 +26.59% Adecoagro 10.31 +8.53% Abercrombie... 146.88 +4.11% Euroseas 41.70 +4.04% The Gap 22.65 +3.85%

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ADMA Biolog...		15.96	+30.93%
Heritage In...		10.33	+26.59%
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Company	Symbol	Price	%Chg
Heritage In...		10.33	+26.59%
Euroseas		41.70	+4.04%
Inspire Med...		193.23	+2.94%
Sumitomo Mi...		12.20	+2.69%
Byd Co.		54.99	+1.93%

Company	Symbol	Price	%Chg
Heritage In...		10.33	+26.59%
Iamgold		4.28	+16.30%
Abercrombie...		146.88	+4.11%
Euroseas		41.70	+4.04%
The Gap		22.65	+3.85%

Company	Symbol	Price	%Chg
Adecoagro		10.31	+8.53%
Grupo Super...		6.85	+5.38%
Euroseas		41.70	+4.04%
The Gap		22.65	+3.85%
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Earnings Preview

by Sheraz Mian

A Closer Look at the Current Earnings Picture

Earnings headlines, proassurance (pra) q2 earnings beat, surge y/y on lower costs, glatfelter (glt) q2 loss narrows, spunlace leads segment gains, atrion's (atri) q2 earnings plummet y/y on nordson merger costs, fossil's (fosl) q2 loss widens y/y on sales decline, margin up.

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Reported Earnings Surprises

Symbol	Time	Expected	Reported	%Surprise
	08:35	-0.06	0.00	+100.00
	17:19	-53.60	-2.37	+95.58
	07:08	-0.54	-0.05	+90.74
	08:04	0.10	0.19	+90.00
	06:35	0.48	0.74	+54.17

EPS Positive Surprises for Aug 09, 2024

Symbol	Time	Expected	Reported	%Surprise
	07:06	0.09	-0.41	-555.56
	13:35	-0.05	-0.21	-320.00
	16:25	0.37	-0.13	-135.14
	09:36	-0.33	-0.71	-115.15
	07:34	-0.37	-0.76	-105.41

EPS Negative Surprises for Aug 09, 2024

Upcoming Earnings ESP

Symbol	ESP	Most Accurate Estimate	Consensus Estimate
	3.29%	0.27	0.26
	14.93%	-0.02	-0.03
	100.00%	0.00	-0.02
	1.47%	0.89	0.88

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Summary	Date	Stock	Author	LTP	Target	Price at reco (Change since reco%)	Upside(%)	Type	Report		Discuss
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	09 Aug 2024		Target	519.90	575.00	510.60 (1.82%)	10.60	Buy	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
	09 Aug 2024		Reco   Target	24310.60	26083.00	24296.60 (0.06%)	7.29	Accumulate	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
	09 Aug 2024		Target	2325.30	2674.00	2351.55 (-1.12%)	15.00	Accumulate	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
	09 Aug 2024		Target	496.50	534.00	493.20 (0.67%)	7.55	Hold	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
	09 Aug 2024			2480.00	2680.00	2504.70 (-0.99%)	8.06	Hold	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
	09 Aug 2024		Target	334.15	361.00	334.05 (0.03%)	8.04	Hold	pdf post cache		Broker Report pdf --> Alert
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Camber Energy, Inc. (CEIN)

(delayed data from amex).

0.00 (2.75%)

Updated Aug 9, 2024 03:59 PM ET

Add to portfolio

This is our short term rating system that serves as a timeliness indicator for stocks over the next 1 to 3 months. How good is it? See rankings and related performance below.

Zacks Rank	Definition	Annualized Return
1	Strong Buy	24.03%
2	Buy	17.70%
3	Hold	9.37%
4	Sell	5.03%
5	Strong Sell	2.48%
S&P	500	11.19%

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The Style Scores are a complementary set of indicators to use alongside the Zacks Rank. It allows the user to better focus on the stocks that are the best fit for his or her personal trading style.

The scores are based on the trading styles of Value, Growth, and Momentum. There's also a VGM Score ('V' for Value, 'G' for Growth and 'M' for Momentum), which combines the weighted average of the individual style scores into one score.

Value Score	A
Growth Score	A
Momentum Score	A
VGM Score	A

Within each Score, stocks are graded into five groups: A, B, C, D and F. As you might remember from your school days, an A, is better than a B; a B is better than a C; a C is better than a D; and a D is better than an F.

As an investor, you want to buy stocks with the highest probability of success. That means you want to buy stocks with a Zacks Rank #1 or #2, Strong Buy or Buy, which also has a Score of an A or a B in your personal trading style.

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NA  Value | NA  Growth | NA  Momentum | NA  VGM

The Zacks Industry Rank assigns a rating to each of the 265 X (Expanded) Industries based on their average Zacks Rank.

An industry with a larger percentage of Zacks Rank #1's and #2's will have a better average Zacks Rank than one with a larger percentage of Zacks Rank #4's and #5's.

The industry with the best average Zacks Rank would be considered the top industry (1 out of 265), which would place it in the top 1% of Zacks Ranked Industries. The industry with the worst average Zacks Rank (265 out of 265) would place in the bottom 1%.

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Bottom 33% (168 out of 250)

Industry: Oil and Gas - Exploration and Production - United States

Financial Overview

The Zacks Equity Research reports , or ZER for short, are our in-house, independently produced research reports.

The ever popular one-page Snapshot reports are generated for virtually every single Zacks Ranked stock. It's packed with all of the company's key stats and salient decision making information. Including the Zacks Rank, Zacks Industry Rank, Style Scores, the Price, Consensus & Surprise chart, graphical estimate analysis and how a stocks stacks up to its peers.

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Fundamental Ratios

P/E (F1)	NA
Trailing 12 Months	NA
PEG Ratio	NA

vs. Previous Year	75.00%
vs. Previous Quarter	NA

Sales Growth

vs. Previous Year	8,722.34%
vs. Previous Quarter	-43.18%

Price Ratios

Price/Cash Flow	0.28

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	-100.29
12/31/23	-301.39

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	-17.48
12/31/23	-20.32

Current Ratio

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	0.52
12/31/23	0.62

Quick Ratio

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	0.21
12/31/23	0.31

Operating Margin

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	-43.64
12/31/23	-54.45

Net Margin

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	-172.80
12/31/23	-134.29

Pre-Tax Margin

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	-174.43
12/31/23	-103.02

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	0.14
12/31/23	0.20

Inventory Turnover

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	3.22
12/31/23	4.55

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	2.05
12/31/23	1.67

Debt to Capital

6/30/24	NA
3/31/24	67.25
12/31/23	62.53

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Money blog: Unusually cheap package holidays on offer - but travel writer dismisses Russia theory

Welcome to the Money blog, your place for personal finance and consumer news/tips. Today's posts include a look at why unusually cheap package holidays are available and this week's Money Problem - you can submit yours (remember to leave contact details or we can't look into it) below.

Monday 12 August 2024 08:28, UK

• Unusually cheap package holidays on offer - but travel writer dismisses Russia theory
• Compensation for poor water service to double
• Revolution Bar's restructuring plan approved by court
• Weekly news round-up : Where tumultuous week for markets leaves economy

Essential reads

• Money Problem : 'I cancelled swimming lessons and they are keeping my money - do I have any rights?'
• Is this the end of the British pub?
• The rise of 'doom spending' - what it is and how to stop
• Where kids can eat for free or cheap
• Best of the Money blog - an archive of features

Ask a question or make a comment

Compensation for customers experiencing poor service from their water providers is to more than double under new government proposals.

The plans will see compensation paid in more circumstances - including automatic payments for people who are told to boil their water in certain areas or when firms miss scheduled appointments.

Earlier this year, residents in the Devon town of Brixham were told to boil their water for eight weeks after the local supply was hit by a parasite outbreak. 

People affected by an incorrect notice telling them their supply will be interrupted could also see their payout rise from £20 to £50, while those being reimbursed for internal flooding from sewers could see a maximum payment of £2,000 rather than the current £1,000.

It's hoped the proposals - which are now subject to an eight-week consultation - will "turn the tide on the destruction of our waterways", Environment Secretary Steve Reed said.

Every Monday the Money team answers your Money Problems or consumer disputes. Find out how to submit yours at the bottom of this post. Today's question is...

I had a frustrating issue with my kids' swimming lessons. We had to pay in advance, but when your child says they don't want to go any more, that's it, they don't go. I asked the club if we can get a refund for the remaining month that they won't attend but the club just say, 'Your child is eligible to come for the next four weeks.' Doesn’t seem quite fair.  Richard Wallace, West Sussex 

Hi Richard, we can understand why this doesn't seem fair. You are trying to cancel with what sounds like a reasonable amount of notice and yet you're getting nowhere.

This is a common occurrence and many readers will have been in a similar situation.

The law says that you can cancel a service you've booked online or by phone (or by mail order) within a 14-day cooling-off period.

This might be a cleaner or electrician or surveyor.

This cooling-off period also applies if a business approached you away from their premises if the service costs £42 or more.

The bad news in your case, though, is that the above does not apply to accommodation, delivery services, vehicle hire or - and this is the relevant one here - leisure or catering activities for specific dates.

In these cases, you'd be relying on their being a generous cancellation policy - so you should check their T&Cs.

It might not be a dead end, though.

You should try to negotiate with them - it's generally accepted this can be done when a cancellation charge seems unfair or when a business is withholding more money than needed to cover their losses.

Ask them if they're part of a trade association, which you could request help from in negotiating.

Beyond this, they might be a member of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) scheme. Again, it's worth asking. If not, you could choose a Trading Standards-approved ADR scheme yourself to approach.

We suspect the sums involved here are not big enough for you to consider going to court - but if this was an avenue you wanted to explore here or in future, keep records of all the above steps. 

As a last resort you can take your case to the Small Claims Court in England and Wales - or use the respective legal routes in  Scotland and Northern Ireland .

Further help

The Citizens Advice consumer helpline is a great resource - it's 0808 223 1133. You can also use  an online form . 

If you're in Northern Ireland, contact  Consumerline .

This feature is not intended as financial advice - the aim is to give an overview of the things you should think about. Submit your dilemma or consumer dispute via:

• The form above - you need to leave a phone number or email address so we can contact you for further details;
• Email [email protected] with the subject line "Money blog";
• WhatsApp us here.

Unusually cheap package holiday deals have been popping up for August.

The Money team found deals for between £300 and £400, including a week-long trip to Rhodes from Edinburgh for £365 and a holiday to Corfu from the East Midlands for £325. 

The Independent's travel journalist Simon Calder has been looking into what's behind bargain prices - and the veracity of a rumour that a lack of international travel from Russia due to the war in Ukraine means hotels are having to cut prices to attract tourists.

In a nutshell, it's not true.

Calder says that, yes, places that are popular with Russians, such as Cyprus, Venice, Monaco, Nice and Turkey, are missing some of those guests.

"Yet I am also seeing good value in places such as Benidorm and Lanzarote, which were not visited by significant numbers of tourists from Russia and Ukraine before the conflict began," he writes in this article .

So what is the reason?

"Nothing is so perishable as a plane seat that departs empty and a hotel room that remains unoccupied," says Calder. "Holiday companies, with commitments of aircraft and accommodation, can cut prices for late sales to whatever is needed to fill the booking void.

"Since the end of the pandemic, holiday prices have soared.

"Tempted by big profit margins, companies have piled on capacity. But growing unwillingness by the travelling public to pay outlandish prices, combined with pressure on household budgets, means buyers need to be lured by cheaper deals." 

Troubled bar firm Revolution is to close some of its sites after gaining High Court approval for its restructuring plan. 

The firm argued the plan was needed to save the business from collapsing into insolvent administration. 

The court was told that Revolution Bars Limited, part of a group owning the Revolucion de Cuba and Peach Pubs brands, was "heavily loss-making" and "deeply unprofitable". 

Lawyers said it was forecast to "run out of cash" this month, and was reliant on funding from the group to survive. 

Like other hospitality businesses, the Revolution group was "adversely affected by the COVID pandemic and suffered significant losses as a result," Tom Smith KC, representing the company, said.

The approved restructuring scheme will amend Revolution Bars Limited's obligations under a fully drawn £30m "revolving credit facility" with NatWest bank and extend the time to pay its tax debt, its legal team told the judge.

It will also feature the "right-sizing" of a portfolio of leases "in order to create a sustainable business".

Around 15 bars will close, while Revolution will restructure its debt and see a rent reduction across some of its other locations.

Following completion of the Plan, the business will operate 27 Revolution Bars, 15 Revolucion de Cuba Bars, 22 Peach Pubs and one Founders & Co. site.

The Money blog is back for another week of consumer news, personal finance tips and the latest on some big updates in the economy.

This is how the week is shaping up...

Monday: This week's Money Problem  is about whether you're entitled to your money back if you cancel an activity you'd booked.

Tuesday : We'll have jobs data first thing in the morning - remember, the Bank of England keeps a close eye on this when it decides what to do with the base rate. We're also continuing a new series to investigate whether some of your favourite sweets and treats from the past will ever return - we've called it Bring It Back and it'll run every Tuesday until we, or you, run out of ideas. We'll also have our regular Tuesday Basically...  feature.

Wednesday : Inflation data for July is released at 7am. This will give a measure of where we're at with the cost of living crisis and, again, the figures influence what could happen with interest rates. And we are back in London for this week's  Cheap Eats , in which top chefs reveal their favourite spots to get a meal for two for less than £40.

Thursday : Quarterly GDP figures will provide a picture of how the UK economy is doing. Here in Money, Savings Champion  founder Anna Bowes will be back with her weekly insight into the savings market.

Friday : We'll have everything you need to know about the mortgage market this week with industry experts - plus the best available rates with Moneyfactscompare.co.uk .

Bookmark  news.sky.com/money  and check back from 7am each weekday - and look out our weekend reads every Saturday.

The Money team is Bhvishya Patel, Jess Sharp, Katie Williams, Brad Young, Ollie Cooper and Mark Wyatt, with sub-editing by Isobel Souster. The blog is edited by Jimmy Rice.

By Brad Young , Money reporter

Mourning his mother's death and celebrating her life at the Old Neighbourhood Inn was the obvious choice for Martin Leach, 72, from Chalford Hill, near Stroud. 

The wood-beamed pub opposite his home had been woven into the fabric of the village for 150 years, so it made sense for 90 friends and family members to gather there in 2015 to say their final goodbyes to Nellie "Lilian" Leach. 

But seven years later, the village would say goodbye to the Old Neighbourhood too; its only pub shuttering its doors in a scene playing out hundreds of times over across the UK – and at an accelerating pace. 

"Entirely pissed off," said Mr Leach, when asked how he felt about the closure of the pub, which had once played host to local bands, mobile bakeries, artisan vendors and an affectionate black Labrador. 

"The pub was all that was left to represent that [village] community, and that's gone. And I think it's important to have that sense of community otherwise we just turn into a bunch of hamsters in cages."

Some 239 pubs closed in England and Wales during the first three months of the year, according to government figures – 56% more than in the same period in 2023. 

"There's a sense of death by a thousand cuts or 'what fresh hell is this?'" said Dr Thomas Thurnell-Read, a sociology expert at Loughborough University who has extensively researched pub closures. 

"Everything cumulatively is building up and that's why, sadly, there isn't a magic bullet for the problems in the sector."

Gen Z's changing habits 

Young people are more health and fitness conscious and more time-poor than their parents were, said Dr Thurnell-Read. 

The financial burden of university is rising, meaning students are taking part-time jobs and reducing the social time when drinking habits could form, he said. 

Freshers' week, once a party-filled gateway to three years of drinking, has become a box to tick and leave behind. 

"A generation of young people are finding other ways to socialise without automatically reaching for alcohol."

COVID played some part in this trend, said Dr Thurnell-Read. His students who started their degrees during social restrictions don't routinely go for big nights out or spontaneous, post-lecture pints. 

Between 2011 and 2022, the proportion of non-drinkers increased from 16% to 19%, according to Drinkaware's analysis of NHS data.

It's a trend driven by 16-24-year-olds (26%) and resisted by adults aged between 55 and 64 (14%).

Less cash, more alternatives 

"The younger generation don't drink as much. That's definitely a noticeable thing, but I don't think anyone really does any more. I don't really see the culture of when people used to go out and drink – like properly drink," said Simon Goodman, 44, owner of the Duke of Cumberland Arms, Henley.

The publican, who has been in the industry for 18 years, said that trade between the start of the year and the start of summer was "the quietest I have ever seen it". 

"People just weren't around. It's very bizarre after being in the business like this for so long."

The public have little money left over after paying their bills and more places to spend it, said Tom Stainer, chief executive of the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA). 

This was a trend that began in 2003, when the Licensing Act gave new types of venues the right to sell alcohol, not just pubs and clubs. 

Now the cost of living crisis looms large. One in five people who would usually go weekly to pubs and restaurants said they were doing so less often in a survey by consultancy firm CGA in April.

At the same time, skyrocketing rents and mortgages have led to a squeeze on leisure time, with people spending longer commuting in order to afford homes in cheaper locations, added Dr Thurnell-Read. 

"The big shift I think has been home entertainment. One of the other effects of COVID was it showed everyone how easy it was to get just about everything delivered to your front door," Mr Stainer said. 

This is a setback profoundly familiar to the manager of the Queen Inn, Great Corby, in Carlisle, which closed on 30 June.

Punters thinned out because they had a "vast amount of options at their fingertips" at home and supermarket alcohol was significantly cheaper, said Katie Wilkinson.

"It's a big shame," Ms Wilkinson said: "It means the village won't have a pub anymore and a lot of people rely on coming in each night for that social aspect."

She said this was particularly important for older people: "They see each other every night and now they won't.

"I think as we move forward more and more smaller village pubs will be closing."

The real estate incentive

As pubs become less profitable, companies that own the land are knocking them down to cash in on the real estate value "time and time again", said Dr Thurnell-Read.

"Pubs are being closed against the will of the people who run them and often against the will of the community who need them."

One of those community members is Tricia Watson, who moved to Chalford Hill, Stroud, as a new mum and used the Old Neighbourhood as a hub to connect with other parents. 

Now a Stroud district councillor representing the area, she has joined a campaign group fighting to stop the landlord's plans to convert it into a residential property. 

The Old Neighbourhood has been deemed an asset of community value under the 2011 Localism Act, meaning local groups like the Chalford Hill Community Benefit Society must be given time to make a bid to buy it for the community. But, ultimately, the owner can reject it. 

"The asset of community value regulations are absolutely toothless. So any community that wants to keep their pub going is at the mercy of the markets," she said, adding the site is worth £300,000 more as housing than as a pub. 

Without outside support, community efforts to purchase closing pubs have a success rate of less than 10%, according to the Plunkett Foundation, a charity promoting community-owned businesses. 

"Sadly that picture is very recognisable," said CAMRA's Mr Stainer. "It was recognisable pre-COVID and COVID has accelerated the process."

He added: "I think a lot of property owners are being tempted to take the fast buck."

Pub companies often finance buying pubs in such a way that they need to make big returns to service the debts, which can either be done by raising rents or selling off parcels of land, he said. 

"It is the tenants and the pubs that suffer because they are the ones that get chucked out of their business and often their homes."

'Daily struggle' of doing business 

The last four years have been "incredibly intense" for the industry, said Emma McClarkin, chief executive of the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA). 

She lists off some of the "thousand cuts" Dr Thurnell-Read was referring to: the pandemic, war in Ukraine, pressures on supply chains, the energy crisis, cost inflation and customers who are far worse off than they were 2019.

Mr Goodman, of the Duke of Cumberland Arms in Henley, lists the impacts of these wounds: "The price of food, alcohol, wages, electric, gas - it's never ending." 

He said: "It is definitely the trickiest the industry has ever been I think. It is a daily struggle."

Food costs in particular have been "insane since the beginning of the year", rising by at least 15%, and in some cases doubling since 2019.

And they are completely unpredictable: "The prices can just change overnight, quite drastically as well."

It's not just food. Despite wholesale energy costs easing, Ofgem research published in March found 88% of hotel and catering businesses were still concerned about the impact of energy prices on their business. 

Fixed energy contracts have come to an end at five Cornish pubs run by Chris Black and his husband Jason, who face new tariffs costing 25% to 50% more.

"Pubs are not particularly energy efficient. I think that can be a massive factor in where money is basically being wasted quite easily," said Mr Black, 39.

He went on to echo an argument being made across the industry: while world events may not be in the government's gift, taxation is, and pubs are being "overly taxed". 

"I don't think there has been enough done to support pubs and that's evident in the number of pubs that are closing," he said. 

Alcohol duty, a tax levied on booze, is worth approximately 54.2p in a pint of 5% ABV draught beer (38p in a 3.5% pint, 75.9p for 7%).

Food and drink served in pubs is also subject to 20% VAT (though this was reduced to 5% and 12.5% at different stages of the pandemic). 

Pubs contribute 2.5% of all business rates collected by the government, but generate 0.5% of total business turnover, which CAMRA and the BBPA argue equates to a £500m overpayment. 

Taken together, Ms McClarkin estimates £1 in every £3 goes "straight to the tax man". 

COVID loans hangover and WFH 

During his research, Dr Thurnell-Read was told by many publicans they could have survived COVID or the cost of living crisis – but not both. 

The term perfect storm is overused, but for CAMRA's Mr Stainer, it's the only appropriate description. 

The pandemic burned through pubs' savings and forced them to take on more debt, just before the cost of energy and ingredients rose dramatically and the amount of money customers had to spend plummeted. 

Now, loans taken out and rents deferred during COVID are being called in, said Mr Stainer. 

"Many pubs have survived COVID but maybe are in danger of not surviving the long-term effects of the lockdown."

Introduced in March 2020, the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan was a scheme whereby the government would encourage banks to loan up to £5m to businesses by guaranteeing 80% of the money and paying any interest or fees for the first year. 

"It is definitely a contributing factor to these failures, the inability to be able to pay back these loans," said Ms McClarkin, of the BBPA.

She said some smaller brewers had gone into administration because they "simply cannot pay them back". 

Loans aren't the only COVID hangovers facing pubs, according to Ms McClarkin: "Working from home culture has definitely damaged the pub sector, to the point where some pubs simply don't open Monday, Tuesday."

The pub lunch has dwindled in cities and big towns, and some establishments are choosing to close early on weekdays and open earlier on weekends, she said, as customers switch to less frequent outings. 

Fewer, more costly staff

Staffing has been a problem since Brexit, says Jane Pendlebury, chief executive of the Hospitality Professionals Association (HOSPA). 

She explained the end of freedom of movement has made it more difficult to find staff - and choose the right ones. 

"The friendliness, the smiles, charm, the willingness to pour a drink or deliver some food with a smile on your face will take them [pubs] a long way, but... if you can't get the right staff then you're not going to be delivering that." 

Minimum wage increases, while great for workers, have added to the outgoings for struggling pubs, she said. 

April's increase (£1.02-£1.26 more per hour for each employee) will see the sector's salary bills rise by £3.2bn, according to trade body UKHospitality. 

"People's wages have gone up, and that's absolutely acceptable and they should go up, but when it all adds up in this industry, when do you start going out and you're paying over £50 on a steak?" said Mr Goodman, of the Duke of Cumberland Arms. 

Cornish publican Mr Black said: "We've run a lot tighter on labour to try and keep the cost down because labour costs can be real money down the drain if you've got too many staff on at the wrong times."

Exhaustion 

For HOSPA's Ms Pendlebury, it's important to remember pubs are run by people – and they have a limit. 

"People that run pubs, own pubs, are just exhausted. 

"They were enormously under pressure [during COVID] and then as the guests came back, they were more difficult to deal with because their expectations were so high.

"So I think they are at their wits' end."

It's the smaller, more independent pubs that are closing, she said.

The scale of pub companies means more favourable borrowing rates, supply-chain priority and better value for money when bulk buying stock like menus, cutlery and loo roll, she said. 

They may have their own property managers – rather than more costly local tradespeople - and staff to manage their online reputation. 

"If it's all chains then we would, probably, ultimately lose some of our character as a country," said Ms Pendlebury.

It's not all bad

Walk across the River Ver, St Albans, north of London, almost 1,000 years ago and you would have seen the same building where Ronan Gaffney serves pints today. 

Pop into Ye Olde Fighting Cocks for an ale 400 years ago and you might even have bumped into Oliver Cromwell, who was said to have spent a night at the inn during the mid-1600s.

But centuries of history could not save the pub in February 2022, when the Fighting Cocks, the only inn to be officially recognised as the oldest in Britain, closed (though this was a title so disputed in the industry that Guinness dropped the category entirely in 2000).

Mr Gaffney, 27, and his colleagues lost their jobs in the pub where he – and generations before him - bought his first pint. 

But this isn't the story of another lost community asset: the pub reopened two months later, and Mr Gaffney was there to welcome the community back – with a promotion. 

The establishment's manager and head chef had banded together to take over the lease with a third business partner.

"It was super rewarding being able to reopen the doors and have been back in," said Mr Gaffney, now general manager.

"It was lovely to see the local community come in and say they're glad we're open again. A lot of people do have a lot of memories in this pub."

The pub is now in a much for comfortable position, though they must remain "very cautious on a daily basis", he said. 

He put its success down to attention to detail, big events, pricing and luck.

Bars can't get by on day trade anymore: birthdays, weddings and other large bookings are essential, he said.

"That is definitely one thing that our pub is not only very good at, but we're also almost reliant on it for a certain amount of our turnover."

Unless your pub is next to a train station, food is a must: "Being a simple boozer any more doesn't really seem to exist." 

He said he pays close attention to how staff are trained, products are bought and prices are set.

A lot of alcohol and food will return very slim – if any – margins, so you've got to make up for it on soft drinks, crisps and nuts, he said.

The same applies to the low and no alcohol products that have become so popular among younger people as they steer away from heavy drinking.

"It was quite strange," said Mr Gaffney. 

"It's not too rare for a pub to close or reopen these days, but it was quite rare to be able to be on both sides of that."

By Daniel Binns, business reporter

On Monday, stock markets around the world plummeted amid fears the US might slump into recession.

The UK's FTSE 100 closed down more than 2%, its worst day since July 2023. In the US, the S&P 500 index slid 3%, while Japan's Nikkei 225 plunged more than 12% - its biggest fall since "Black Monday" in October 1987.

It followed US jobs data, which came in much lower than expected for July, sparking fears of a recession in the world's largest economy.

If a recession was to play out (and that's a big if) there would be consequences around the globe, many negative but not all...

Concern over the strength of China's economy and several weak earnings reports from major tech firms added to the jitters, but from Tuesday onwards  stock markets started to slowly recover , making some gains as investors' worries calmed.

This was given further momentum on Thursday with the release of more jobs data - this time US figures showing a bigger-than-expected drop in jobless claims, alleviating - though not ending - fears of recession. 

More official US data on areas such as jobs and inflation in the coming months will help us get a better idea about the state of the country's economy and whether the recession worries this week were an over-reaction – or bang on the money.

The recovery in the stock market came as the pound's value also began to slowly climb back over the week.

It had dipped after an interest rate cut from the Bank of England last Thursday.

Generally, higher interest rates tend to attract foreign investors looking for more return on their money - lower rates are unappealing and can decrease a currency's value.

On Monday,  £1 could buy you $1.2811 or €1.1677 before its value against both fell.

But by Friday afternoon, Sterling had managed to climb back up to $1.2755 – not quite a full recovery but much better than its lows earlier in the week. 

It means those heading to the US will now get less buck for their bang, compared with if they had exchanged their cash last week.

However, the pound's strength against the Euro on Friday was almost back to where it was at the start of the week, valued at €1.677 by the markets. So those who exchanged money during the week may have got worse exchange rates, compared with those who waited until this weekend.

Several readers got in touch to ask how a US recession might impact exchange rates and holiday money - we took a look here...

The picture could be changed again next week when a few significant economic moments will play out in the UK.

Jobs data on Tuesday and inflation figures for July on Wednesday will provide an updated sense of where we've got to in the cost of living crisis - and likely impact expectations for the direction of interest rates.

We'll also hear how the broader UK economy is doing with quarterly GDP figures on Thursday.

As always, we'll have everything you need to know here in the Money blog.

Each week we feature comments on the stories you're talking about.

Our Bring it Back feature this week looked at Cadbury's Spira, which back in the late Eighties featured six hollow tubes allowing discerning chocolate fans to use them as a drinking straw for hot drinks.

While many mourn its disappearance, one reader pointed out there are alternative chocolate bars for dipping...

RE: Using confectionary as a drinking straw. You have clearly never heard of using a Twix. Nibble off a small amount at either end - then dip one end into very hot tea and suck hard. It's like dunking a Twix from the inside out. Highly recommended - and no mess lol.  Paul C

Other readers commented...

Not a question, more a statement, please continue this worthwhile crusade to BRING BACK THE SPIRA. Thanks. Razor

Hi Bring it Back team, can you please ask Heinz to bring back Toast Toppers. Their posts on Facebook are always full of people begging them to bring them back and I think there are three petitions online but as yet no joy. Can you ask them please? Lovetoast

Good news, Lovetoast - we'll be focusing on this next week. 

More comments came in...

The greatest ever chocolate bar was the Cadbury's Fuse. I recall my wife, when we were courting in our youth, telling me in the mid-90s that a Cadbury's representative came into the Spar she was working at and said: "It is more than just a chocolate bar, it's a full meal." Shaun Fielding

Campbell's need to bring back condensed pea soup - think about vegetarians. I used to live on pea soup, then they decided to put ham in it. No other pea soup will do, they just don't taste the same. I have tried ordering it online but it has been discontinued.  Mandy63

Brannigans beef and mustard crisps were and still are the best I have ever had - there is not a crisp out there today that comes close in flavour. Mr S

Mr S, we're looking into this one too.

Burtons fish and chips. A wee packet of savoury biscuits. Currently available in salt and vinegar, but not in the original fish and chip flavour. A favourite of tuck shops and much loved by 1970s school children. Ruth Currie

Bring back the Aztec bar. Best bar ever. Young people have no idea just how short-changed they are with mediocre chocolate bars. Cadbury Marvellous Creations? What a load of rubbish!! RuthiePuthie

They need to bring back white Maltesers! I could never get enough of them, so much so I've not had a Malteser since! CEdwards

Walkers crisps. Bring back the small bags of your discontinued (last year) Worcestershire sauce flavoured potato crisps. It was, and always will be, Walkers' best flavoured crisp. R. Lyon

Please bring back Kellogg's Puffa Puffa Rice, best cereal ever!! I used to eat this cereal morning, noon and night. It tasted delicious! I really wish they would bring it back Doglover

Bring back the Pyramint! Dark chocolate shaped pyramid filled with mint flavoured fondant. Made by Terrys. Yum!!! JessElizabeth

Bring it back: Ketchup Pringles! They are the most delicious Pringles and other countries sell them but can only get them imported here very expensively. They should stop creating all these weird flavours and bring back the best one! Sooty

We need to bring back the Cabana Bar - a mix of coconut, cherries and caramel wrapped in chocolate. A treat that this generation are sadly missing out on - Bring it Back! Please. Gillian Mackay

Bring back Pacers! A bit like the shape and texture of Star Burst (previously Opal Fruits) but minty with white and green stripes! Never could understand why they stopped making them! LorWil

Cadbury should bring back the Secret bar. Very fond memories of being sent to the local shop to get one for my mum and then having the last bite. Francesca D

PLEASE can you harass the hell out of whoever has the power to bring the Secret chocolate bar back? It was so unique! Help a girl out (With many thanks). SecretAgent

I'd love to see the Texan Bar brought back. It was like a big Chomp and I loved it. Also, Cowan's Highland Toffee was another favourite that I don't think you can get anymore. And Riley's Toffee Rolls too, which were a bit like Eclairs but chewier! LupusAquatica

The Money blog is your place for consumer news, economic analysis and everything you need to know about the cost of living - bookmark news.sky.com/money.

It runs with live updates every weekday - while on Saturdays we scale back and offer you a weekend feature, a round up of what readers have been saying this week, and an overview of the biggest news.

Check them out this morning and we'll be back on Monday with rolling news and features.

ScotRail and Caledonian Sleeper staff have voted in favour of a walk-out in an ongoing dispute over pay, the RMT union has said.

Union members at the two publicly owned rail operators were separately balloted for strike action following a pay offer that was described by the union as "derisory".

Bexley has topped the list as London's cheapest area to rent .

The average rent in the southeast London region is £1,297 per month, a study by  BLG Development Finance and Online Marketing Surgery  found.

In second place is east London's Havering, with an average rent of £1,350 a month.

The most expensive average rent is in Kensington and Chelsea, with renters paying around £3,322 a month.

A secret advertising deal was struck between Google and Meta to boost Instagram's users, according to a Financial Times report . 

Google had worked on a marketing project for Meta aimed at targeting 13 to 17-year-old YouTube users with adverts promoting Instagram. 

That's despite Google's rules prohibiting personalising and targeting adverts to under-18s. 

Google has since cancelled the project after being contacted by the FT and investigating its claims.

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