how much are phd fees uk

• Postgraduate Research

PhD fees and costs

To study a PhD, you'll need to pay the cost of tuition fees, research support fees (such as materials used in a laboratory) and be able to cover your living expenses

A funded PhD studentship may meet all or part of these costs or you may be able to find funding for your self-funded PhD or research project.  The fees below are for the academic year 2024/25.

The fees stated in the table above exclude potential research support fees also known as ‘bench fees’. You will be notified of any fee which may apply in your offer letter.

* Please note that if you are undertaking a PhD within the Faculty of Science and Engineering the fee you pay, Band A or Band B, will reflect the nature of your research project. Some research projects incur a higher fee than others e.g. if you are required to undertake laboratory work. You will be informed of the fee for your programme in your offer letter.

^ Self-funded, full-time international students studying a PhD programme classified as Band A will receive a £2,000 reduction in their fees for the first year only.

Paying fees

The University requires payment of tuition fees at registration for the whole of the coming academic session or for the duration of a programme that is to be completed in less than a year. However, arrangements can be made for self-supporting students to pay their tuition fees in installments.

All instalments must be arranged with the Student Administration and Support Division. If you hold a scholarship or studentship, the awarding body should provide the Student Fees section of the Student Administration and Support Division with an acceptable guarantee of payment.

If you expect to be sponsored please ensure that your sponsors understand fully their responsibilities for your fees and maintenance and that they are prepared to honour them for the duration of your studies in Liverpool.

If your sponsor does not provide an acceptable guarantee of payment, or defaults on their guarantee, you will become responsible for the payment of fees yourself. Unfortunately, the University is not able to provide financial aid or waive fees for students whose arrangements for financial support fail during the period of their studies.

Transfering funds from abroad

International students will need to ensure that they can bring sufficient funds with them for living expenses, as well as for payment of fees, or have sufficient funds sent to them in instalments throughout the year. Students from countries which operate strict foreign exchange controls should make sure that permission can be obtained for the transmission of adequate funds.

Other costs

Research support fees.

Research support fees, also known as 'bench fees', cover the cost of consumable materials used in your study. Some MPhil/PhD and taught programme projects use up large amounts of materials or ‘consumables’. In these cases you may be charged an annual Research Support Fee to help cover the cost of this. Programmes which might incur a Research Support Fee are likely to be those which are laboratory-based. You will be notified of any fee which applies in your offer letter. Research Support Fees are the same for UK, EU and International students.

Study costs

We want to try and help you prepare for the day-to-day costs of studying. These might include things like photocopying in the library, buying textbooks and specialist equipment or going on field classes. We have put together tables of additional costs for guidance, for each subject area, including where departments make contributions towards these costs.

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PhD Fees in the UK for International Students

• Maisie Dadswell
• July 31, 2024

PhD fees in the UK for international students vary based on several factors, including your field of study, the university you are doing your doctorate research with and which city the university is in. The cost of a PhD in the UK is generally anywhere from £15,000 to £35,000 for annual PhD tuition fees. To help you budget, this article will cover all the variable factors before covering several potential finance options which can help you to fund your studying in the UK. 

Even if the fees seem steep at first, don’t get disheartened; there are plenty of funding sources for international students – there is a reason why UK universities, including UWS London, are such popular academic destinations for PhD students beyond our high academic standards.

It is also worth bearing in mind that PhD tuition fees tend to increase each year in line with inflation. Always ensure you are budgeting with the most up-to-date PhD tuition fees, and take into account that for self-funded students, tuition fees may be marginally higher in the second and third years. The good news is that whatever your field of study and preferred university, PhDs will be vastly cheaper than undertaking a taught undergraduate or postgraduate degree in the UK as an international student. Along with covering the typical cost of PhD fees, we have also outlined additional expenses and living costs you may have to budget for. Luckily, as a full-time, student you’ll never have to worry about paying council tax.

PhD fees in the UK for international students

For domestic students in the UK, the average cost of PhD tuition fees is around £4,500. However, this can rise to £20,0000 – depending on the subject. The main reason there are vast differences in the price of PhD tuition fees is the resources that research students will require; typically, STEM students pay the highest tuition fees due to resources such as tech support, servicing, and equipment. The PhD students who can expect to pay minimum fees are students looking for a doctorate title in the arts, social sciences or humanities.

Part-Time PhD Fees

If you want to study part-time, you can expect to pay 50% of the full-time fees. However, this can vary, and not all PhDs are available on a part-time basis. If you are looking to be a part-time PhD student around your work or any other responsibilities, always check with the institution where you want to study if this is viable. You will also need to check if your visa restricts part-time PhD study.

Research Support Fees

Research support fees don’t apply to every international PhD student in the UK. However, you may need to pay research support fees, which will go towards covering the cost of any specialist materials you use during your research. For students carrying out their research in a laboratory setting, these support fees are also referred to as bench fees and cover the cost of any consumables used in addition to the facilities where any research and experiments are carried out. 

Some universities will include bench and research fees in the tuition fee, while other institutions will quote them separately. Even if the PhD tuition fees aren’t all-inclusive, universities will always be 100% transparent and upfront about the costs. As the additional tuition fees can vary significantly due to the nature of the research that you are undertaking, bench fees and support fees will usually be discussed during the application process. Other universities prefer to make them available on request. Typically, where applicable, bench fees range between £1,000 – £10,000. You will only pay the higher bench fees if you are using expensive equipment and consumables; most UK universities keep the rates the same for domestic and international students.

How to Enquire about PhD Fees in the UK for International Students

To ensure that you are working with the correct figures when you’re budgeting or applying for funding for your PhD fees and living expenses, always be proactive in your search for accurate information by contacting the UK universities you are keen to study with. 

When you are getting in touch with the university, state if you are an international or EU student, and pose these questions:

• How much are the fees for the programme, and what is included/excluded in the fees?
• Are there any extra-departmental research fees, printing costs or administration fees?
• Does fieldwork incur additional costs?
• Are the bench/research support fees the same for international students?
• Are there any bursaries or scholarships available that I may be eligible for?

PhD Funding for International Students Studying in the UK

International students are eligible for many PhD scholarships in the UK; these scholarships and other funded projects are open to international students of all nationalities. Scholarships and grants can be provided by universities, government bodies and charities.

Funded PhDs for International Students

There are ample options to explore based on your field of research; to make your search for funding easier, many PhDs in the UK are advertised to domestic and international students with funding options attached. This is incredibly common for Science, Technology, Engineering and Medicine (STEM) subjects, but it isn’t unheard of for the Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities to offer the same funding options. Applying for a PhD with attached funding options isn’t worlds apart from applying for a job. If you are accepted as a candidate, you will receive a ‘salary’ in the form of tuition fees, research expenses and a grant which will go towards your living costs. If funding isn’t attached to a PhD project, you can use platforms such as FindAPhD to browse all the current projects offering funding to international students. To broaden your search, you can also use the search bar to sift through your different options. At the time of writing, FindAPhD has over 4,000 PhD projects and scholarships in the UK.

Research Council Studentships

Research Council Studentships are also frequently made available to international students in the UK looking for PhD funding. The more than generous financial support comes from UK Research and Innovation. If you receive funding from UK Research and Innovation, you will receive a monthly stipend to cover your living costs and a fee waiver. The waiver will allow you to pay the drastically reduced domestic rate instead of the PhD fees in the UK for international students. Whichever university funding you apply for, bear in mind that most funding is either provided in a bid to support widening participation or based on academic merit.

Government PhD Loans

If you aren’t eligible for a scholarship, grant, or funding from UK Research and Innovation, Government PhD loans are also available to some international students. Usually, to qualify, you will either need to be able to prove you have a settled status in the UK, be an Irish national or be part of the EU settlement scheme. These loans will cover your tuition fees and living expenses; you only need to repay the loan when you earn over the threshold amount.

Living Costs in the UK for PhD Students 

The living costs for international students in the UK will vary greatly depending on your circumstances, lifestyle and where you live. The most expensive city for living costs, excluding rent, is £894 for London, while the cheapest is £577 for Bradford – based on 2022 figures. With rent included in London, it can cost £1,309 per month if you are living off campus, or £1,237 if you are living on campus. 

How Much Does it Cost for a PhD in London?

London is renowned for its vibrant culture, history, and world-class education, making it a top choice for students pursuing higher degrees. However, it’s essential to note that London is also the most expensive city in the UK. The cost of living in the capital can be higher than in other parts of the country. While pursuing a Ph.D. in London offers incredible opportunities and access to prestigious institutions, potential students should be prepared for higher living expenses.

Additional Costs for International Students 

Your PhD fees, rent and living costs will be your greatest expenses as an international PhD student. However, there are additional expenses which you may need to account for:

• Visa Processing Fees – to apply for a visa outside of the UK, it will cost £363. If you are extending your visa or switching to a student visa, the processing fee is £490. 
• University Application Fees – these fees aren’t especially common in the UK; however, they aren’t unheard of.
• Language Tests – if you are studying your PhD in a second language, you will need proof that you possess sufficient language skills. In some instances, you will be required to sit a language test and achieve a certain score.

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• PhD Study in the UK – A Guide for 2024

The United Kingdom is home to some of the world's oldest and most respected universities, but there's more to PhD study than age and reputation. Thankfully, British research programmes are also innovative and world-leading, with a modern approach to doctoral training and generous funding available to students from all backgrounds.

This guide covers everything you need to know about studying a PhD in the UK in 2024. We've explained how British PhD programmes work, what they cost (and how to pay for them) as well as advice on How to apply for a PhD in the UK.

Why study a PhD in the UK?

We're celebrating international students in the UK by supporting the #WeAreInternational campaign .

UK universities carry out research in all major subject areas but recent years have seen increasing investment in priority areas such as AI, Machine Learning and related fields such as Health Science and Bioinformatics.

Alongside this, the UK Government is working to attract and support talented international researchers with the launch of a three-year post-study work visa and the extension of PhD studentships to overseas students .

Here are a few reasons to consider a PhD in the UK this year:

• Historic universities – the British university system dates back to at least the eleventh century and has nurtured some of the most important developments in western science, medicine, art and philosophy.
• Global reputation – A British PhD commands respect around the world as the hallmark of the ability to conduct rigorous research and scholarship at the cutting edge of a student's field.
• Innovative training and support – UK universities increasingly deliver PhDs within structured doctoral training programmes, offering additional opportunities for academic and professional development that equip candidates for a range of careers.
• A wide range of funding options – The UK invests heavily in doctoral training, with studentships from dedicated Research Councils as well as a government doctoral student loans system and a range of support for international candidates .
• Priority research areas – On top of all the support the UK already provides for PhD study, additional funding is currently being made available for pioneering work in AI and related fields.
• New post-study work visas – A Graduate Route visa is available to international students completing a PhD from summer 2021 onwards. It allows you to stay in the UK and work (or seek work) for up to three years.

PhDs in the UK

The UK is a member of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This means its qualifications follow the format of the Bologna process. A doctorate in the UK is a third-cycle qualification. It usually takes between three and four years to complete a UK PhD.

This guide focuses on how PhD programmes in the UK are structured including assessments, examinations and supervision.

The British PhD follows a format that's recognisable around the world (partly because many parts of the world have copied the British PhD format!).

At its core, a UK doctorate is an independent research qualification. Right from the beginning, the focus is on your own individual research project with the ultimate aim of producing an original thesis that contributes to the understanding of your field.

Unlike in some countries (such as the USA ), there isn't any formal taught components for a UK PhD. You probably will have some additional training and development opportunities during your doctorate (such as teaching undergraduates , attending conferences and publishing papers ) but your performance in these won't affect your final degree result.They will help you hone your skills and knowledge to increase your employability prospects though!

UK doctoral degrees

Most UK universities award their academic doctorates as PhD qualifications. However, some institutions award a DPhil instead. The two degrees are effectively the same; in fact, they even stand for the same thing ('PhD' is an abbreviation of the Latin philosophiae doctor , whereas 'DPhil' is an abbreviation of the English 'doctor of philosophy'). Rest assured that, for all intents and purposes, a DPhil is the same as a PhD.

Other UK doctoral degrees do differ. Some universities award specialised professional doctorates in particular subjects. Examples include the Doctor of Engineering (Eng.D), Doctor of Education (EdD) or the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) . These tend to include more practice-based research and reflection, being designed for experienced professionals.

The length of a UK PhD (or other doctorate) is fairly standard. You'll normally be expected to spend a minimum of three years researching towards your thesis, with most universities allowing students to extend for a fourth year if necessary. Around six to eight years are normally allowed for part-time PhDs.

The UK academic year runs from September to June , but the lack of formal teaching on British doctoral programmes means that PhD students can, in principle, start at any point in the calendar year. Be aware that your university may prefer a September start where possible, however, in order to line up with induction and orientation.

Supervision

At the start of your degree, you'll be partnered with at least one PhD supervisor . They will be an expert in your specialism with some relevant experience of the kinds of material you intend to research and the methods you expect to use. It's their job to guide your project and provide advice on the best direction for your research as you progress. Your supervisor will also support your professional development as a researcher and – potentially – as a future academic.

It's actually common for students in the UK to have two supervisors :

• Your primary supervisor provides expert academic advice on the best direction for your project and offers feedback on drafts and other work in progress. This person is sometimes referred to as a 'director of studies'.
• Your secondary supervisor provides more pastoral support and general mentoring. They may not be as closely in your research but will help with professional development and training.

Sometimes the split in supervisor roles and responsibilities isn't as clear as this, with some students being co-supervised by two academics who both offer academic advice and more general support.

PhD structure

The UK PhD is traditionally a pure research degree, with no taught classes and assessments (other than your final oral examination – see below). You will normally begin with a literature review of existing work in your field, before moving on to gathering your own quantitative or qualitative data, textual evidence or other materials and eventually writing up your findings as a PhD thesis .

Some UK PhD students begin by registering for an MPhil before completing a PhD upgrade at the end of their first year (this is a short oral exam, based around a chapter draft or similar).

Some UK universities also offer a more structured PhD with timetabled training and development activities. This is most common for PhDs funded by the UK Research Councils which take place within dedicated Doctoral Training Centres.

Submission and examination

At the end of your PhD you will submit a written thesis detailing your findings and the conclusions you have drawn from them. The length of a UK PhD thesis varies by subject. Dissertations in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences tend to be between 60,000 and 100,000 words. Dissertations in STEM subjects are shorter, as much of the information is conveyed through graphs and data tables.

At least one of your supervisors will read your PhD in full before you submit it and offer constructive feedback to help improve your thesis.

Your PhD will then be submitted for oral examination in a process known as a viva voce (Latin for 'living voice'). A UK PhD viva usually involves two examiners: one 'internal examiner' from within your university and one 'external examiner' from another institution. Both will read your thesis in advance and then question you about it. It is your job to 'defend' your findings and conclusions in order to prove the value of your research and confirm the PhD is your own work.

Unlike in other European countries , where the viva is often a public defence, UK PhDs are usually examined in a 'closed room' setting. Your supervisor is not usually present but should be available before and after the exam.

Immediately following your viva your examiners will recommend a PhD result for you. This may involve passing (with or without some corrections to your thesis) or other outcomes that may require additional research and / or resubmission (it's rare to completely fail your PhD after reaching the viva stage).

If you’re interested in studying in the UK then we’ve covered everything you need to know including what they cost (and how to pay for them as an international student ) as well as advice on how to apply for a PhD in the UK .

Think you’re ready to find the perfect project for you?

Search our database of PhD programmes in the UK .

The seven UK Research Councils provide government studentships for PhD research in different subject areas. Our simple guide explains how this funding works, what you can get and how to apply successfully.

You may be able to get a PhD loan of up to £27,892 for a UK doctorate. Our guide explains eligibility, applications and repayments.

Our guide explains the best ways to fund international PhD study in the UK, with information on all the main scholarships available to you.

Centres for Doctoral Training (CDTs) or Doctoral Training Centres (DTCs) provide UK Research Council funded PhD studentships to postgraduate students

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

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• Queen Mary University of London
• Postgraduate
• Research degrees
• Funding a PhD
• PhD Tuition fees

PhD tuition fees

Students enrolling on a postgraduate degree programme are charged tuition fees each year by Queen Mary University of London. The rate you will be charged depends on  whether you are assessed as a Home or Overseas student .

2024-25 Tuition Fees 

Home students beginning their PhD in September 2024 (or later) will be charged the following tuition fees:

• £4,786  for full-time research degrees 
• £2,393 for part-time research degrees 

2023-24 Tuition Fees 

Home students beginning their PhD in September 2023 (or later) will be charged the following tuition fees:

• £4,712 for full-time research degrees 
• £2,356 for part-time research degrees 

Tuition fees for Home students are set by UK Research Council (UKRI) and each year UKRI usually increases their fee and stipend levels in line with inflation. Further information can be found on the  UKRI website .

For international students (this now includes EU students), the tuition fees for 2023-24 and 2024-25 entry can be downloaded below:

2023-24 PGR Tuition Fees [PDF 436KB]

PGR 2024-25 Tuition Fees [PDF 133KB]

Some postgraduate courses may include an additional charge known as a fee band. This is to cover associated costs including equipment, laboratory consumables, specialist technical support, data processing, training and travel. You will be notified at the point of offer if a fee band is applicable.

Please note that fees are quoted at the full-time/part-time rate for the academic year you’ve applied for.  If you begin your study part-way through the academic year then your first tuition fee payment will be calculated on a pro-rata basis

You may also be interested in

Information on how to pay

Instalment Plan

If your fees are more than £1,000 per year, you can pay in instalments. 

Fee status determines the rate of fees throughout studies at Queen Mary.

University Fee Regulations

Our regulations are updated every year, you can access a list of present and past University fee regulations here

• Postgraduate study

Find out how much your research degree will cost and our approach to the tuition fee-paying period.

View tuition fees alphabetically by department:

Tuition fees for postgraduate research degrees by department

Tuition fees for the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Dental Science are available once you have applied and subject to you having met the admission and eligibility criteria.

In common with other UK universities, the University of Sheffield charges different tuition fees depending on whether students are classed as Home or Overseas for fee purposes.

How we assess your fee status

The tuition fee-paying period

The tuition fee-paying period is the period during which full annual tuition fees are payable. This varies between 3 and 4 years for full-time PhDs (6-8 years for part-time PhDs), depending on the source of funding and scope of the research project. 3.5 years is the recommended tuition fee-paying period for most full-time PhDs.

If you're still working on your project between the end of the tuition fee-paying period and the overall time limit (4 years for full-time PhDs, 8 years for part-time PhDs), restrictions may apply .

PhD projects should be designed from the start to ensure that they can be completed within the tuition fee-paying period, as this is the period during which most students also receive a stipend from their funder to support their living costs. You'll discuss and agree the appropriate tuition-fee paying period for your project with your supervisor during the admissions process. Precise details of both the tuition fee-paying period and the overall time limit for the degree will be included in the offer letter.

You can find more information about fee types and tuition fee-paying periods on our Research, Partnerships and Innovation webpages:

Periods of registration

I simply would not have been able to undertake this PhD without the university's funding and I am very grateful to be able to remain in the UK to continue my studies Krissy Moore, Department of Archaeology Doctoral Academy Award recipient

PhD scholarships

Search for PhD opportunities at Sheffield and be part of our world-leading research.

• Postgraduate
• PhD and Professional Doctorates
• Fees and funding

Fees and funding for research students

Find out how much a PhD or Professional Doctorate will cost and the funding options available, including PhD studentships, stipends, loans and doctoral awards.

Once you’ve decided to study a research degree, the next step is figuring out how you're going to fund it. There are many different types of PhD funding, including studentships, external grants, and loans. Explore this page to see what’s available and how much a research degree will cost.

How much does a PhD or Professional Doctorate cost?

Our tuition fees are set and reviewed on an annual basis and the amount you pay will depend on the length of your course and mode of study. For some Science and Technology projects, an annual bench fee may also be payable.

Postgraduate Research fees for 2023/24 entry

Postgraduate Research fees for 2024/25 entry

PhD funding

There are many different ways to fund a PhD, including university studentships, funding from research councils, charities or businesses, and doctoral loans. PhD funding falls into three main categories:

• Fully-funded – your PhD tuition fees are covered in full along with an amount for living costs and other expenses (usually called a PhD stipend).
• Partially-funded – part of your fees or living costs are covered, but not both. You will usually need to top up this funding with your own money or other grants.
• Self-funded – you are financing your own PhD fees and living costs through a combination of savings or earnings and loans.

Search our current projects .

ESRC studentships

The Midlands Graduate School (ESRC accredited) is looking to recruit top quality PhD students to commence study in October 2024 across a range of subjects, offering studentships – covering a maintenance stipend and payment of tuition fees at the home fee rate.

NTU fully-funded PhD studentships

Every year we provide fully-funded PhD studentships with opportunities across all our academic disciplines. These cover the full cost of tuition plus a stipend for living expenses for both UK and International students. Applications usually open in October.

Sign up for emails to be notified of the next release and to keep up to date with research funding.

What is a PhD stipend?

Some funded projects may eligible for a  PhD stipend – a grant to help cover your living expenses that you don't have to pay back. Find out the  current minimum stipend rates set by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).

PhD funding for international researchers

Many of our funded PhD projects are open to international students. Check the specific project details to see who is eligible.

FindaPhD also provides a guide to funding for international students looking to study a PhD in the UK.

Other funded opportunities at NTU

We’re pleased to participate in funded projects that improve access to research and benefit local communities.

Midlands4Cities

Funding and supporting outstanding research in Arts and Humanities across the Midlands.

Co(l)laboratory

A Universities for Nottingham project providing funding for locally-relevant, challenge-based research.

Equality and Doctoral Education through Partnership and Innovation (EDEPI)

A funded programme for NHS workers, created to tackle barriers to doctoral education for racially minoritised groups.

ESRC Studentships

Funding and further support for doctoral candidates in a range of subjects and pathways.

Doctoral loans

Student Finance England and Student Finance Wales provide a non-means-tested Doctoral loan of up to £28,673 to help with course fees and living costs for a postgraduate research course, such as a PhD or Professional Doctorate.

These are available on full-time, part-time and distance learning courses if you are living in the UK and you’ll only start to repay when your income is over £21,000 a year.

Disabled Students’ Allowances (DSA)

Disabled Students’ Allowance (DSA) helps to cover the extra costs you might incur because of a disability, including a long-term health condition, mental health condition, physical disability, or specific learning difficulty such as dyslexia or dyspraxia.

Learn more about DSA

Alumni discount

We offer an exclusive 20% discount to NTU alumni who enrol on an eligible postgraduate course.

External funding

A variety of research councils, governmental agencies and charities can provide funding for your research degree. Take a look at some of the opportunities available below.

Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences

• Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) - the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences.

Art and Humanities

• Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) - small, large, and project-based grants for students in humanities and social sciences.

Science and Technology

• Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) - funding provider for research into biological systems
• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) - funding for Information Systems and Mathematics research.

Social Sciences

• Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) - small, large, and project-based grants for students in humanities and social sciences
• Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) - the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues
• Ford Foundation - provides grants to support research into social change and development
• Joseph Rowntree Foundation - endowed charity that funds a large, UK-wide research and development programme focussing on social policy issues
• National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) - supporting researchers in health and social care
• Nuffield Foundation - fund research and innovation in education and social policy
• Social Science Research Council (SSRC) - an independent non-profit organization devoted to the advancement of social science research and scholarship
• Wellcome Trust - grants for human health-related research.

Situational

• Commonwealth Scholarships - offers opportunities to Commonwealth citizens to study in the UK
• Leverhulme Trust - funding for cross-disciplinary research.

Financial support

Studying through the cost-of-living crisis.

How we can support you, and how you can make your funding go further.

We provide a range of support and resources to help you manage your finances while you're studying at NTU.

Need advice on how to fund your studies?

Our student finance team are here to help. They can offer guidance on postgraduate fees, loans, and money management.

Chat to the  team on Unibuddy , email  [email protected] or call +44 (0)115 848 2494 .

For advice on making secure international payments please visit our international scholarships and fees pages .

• Schools & departments

PhD fee structure

How fees are charged for full-time and part-time PhD programmes, as well as PhDs by publication.

Full-time study

For full-time study, you will pay a total of three or four full-time annual fees (as appropriate) for the period of prescribed study under supervision.

Part-time study

For part-time study, you will pay a total of  six or eight part-time annual fees (as appropriate) for the period of prescribed study under supervision. 

Part-time tuition fees are 50% of the full-time fee applicable for the programme of study in each academic session. 

Submitting your thesis early

If you submit your thesis early, you must pay the remaining years’ fees on submission.

PhD by publication

If you submit for a  PhD  by publication, you will need to pay an examination fee on submission.

PhD programme fees

PhD programme fees for each year of study can be found on our postgraduate research fees page.

Postgraduate research fees

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PhD in UK: Fees 2024, Top Colleges, Placement and Salaries

The average annual tuition fee for pursuing PhD in UK at the top universities is 20,000 GBP- 50,000 GBP (20-50 Lakh INR) and the average cost of living in UK is around 14,000 GBP (14 lakh INR) per year. The opportunities after studying in UK universities are vast. Almost 87% of the Ph.D. students start working after graduation and earn an average pay of 40,000 GBP- 60,000 GBP (40-60 Lakh INR) per annum.

PhD in UK: Top Universities

International students are attracted to the high-quality education offered by the top universities in UK . According to the QS Ranking of 2024, 5 universities in the UK rank among the top 50 universities across the world. The following table lists some of the top universities offering PhD in UK:

Why Study PhD in UK?

• PhD graduates from UK universities have a high employability rate, with 82% of them in employment or further study within six months of graduation, Higher Education Statistics Agency.
• The UK has some of the world's best universities, and many of these institutions are highly ranked for their PhD programs. According to the QS World University Rankings 2024, the UK has 3 universities in the top ten for graduate employability, and five universities in the top 40 for graduate employability.
• The opportunities after studying in UK universities are vast. Almost 87% of the Ph.D. students start working after graduation and earn an average pay of 40,000 GBP- 60,000 GBP (40-60 Lakh INR) per annum.
• UK universities offer cutting-edge research facilities and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration. Students have access to world-class resources and expertise, allowing them to undertake innovative research in their chosen fields.

PhD in UK: Admissions

Depending on the institution and the particular school, the admission requirements for PhD in UK may change, but they typically include academic credentials, English language proficiency, and work experience. In the section below the detailed admission requirements for top universities offering PhD in UK are given.

PhD in UK: Eligibility Criteria

Admission requirements for a PhD in UK can vary depending on the university and the area of research. However, there are some general admission requirements that most universities will require from applicants:

• Academic Degree- A first-class or strong upper second-class undergraduate degree with honours in a related field of study.
• Minimum GPA- The minimum GPA requirement is 3.7 on a scale of 4.0
• English Proficiency Test Score- IELTS: 7.0 or above, TOEFL: 100+.
• Statement of Purpose (SOP) - Submit a 5000 word personal statement outlining their academic and professional background, their reasons for applying to the program, and their career aspirations.
• Letters of Recommendation (LOR) - Applicants are usually required to provide at least 2-3 academic or professional references.
• Research Proposal- A 3000 word research proposal needs to be submitted in the area of research you are applying for.

PhD in UK: Admission Requirements

Following table shows the general admission requirements for getting into a Phd program in the UK universities along with their respective academic requirements and additional document requirements:

PhD in UK: Cost of study

United Kingdom is one of the most pursued and sought out countries in the world for international students. The cost of study in UK will include the cost of living and the tuition fees a student is paying for PhD in UK. The cost of study in UK can differ from person to person depending on the university of their choice. The average cost of study in UK ranges from 30,000 GBP to 37,000 GBP (30-37 lakh INR).

PhD in UK: Tuition Fees

A PhD in UK lasts for 3-5 years on a full-time basis depending on the University and the area of research. The following table highlights the annual fees for pursuing PhD in UK universities:

Cost of Living in UK

The cost of living in UK includes accommodation, food, transportation, healthcare, personal expenses etc. The average cost of living in UK is around 14,000 GBP- 24,000 GBP (14-25 lakh INR) per year.

PhD in UK: Scholarships

If you are planning to study in UK for a PhD you should know that it can become heavy on your pocket. For that reason UK universities provide different scholarships in UK for international students to lighten their burden. Following are some of the scholarships offered to international students who are applying for PhD in UK.  

PhD in UK: Job Opportunities

A PhD graduate earns on an average of 40,000 GBP- 60,000 GBP (30-60 Lakh INR) per year in the UK. Most of them go for an academic job especially in the teaching and education sector. According to Prospects UK, over 50% of graduates having PhD in UK are either education or science professionals working in the science and pharmaceutical industry.

Here are some sectors in the where PhD graduates may find job opportunities in UK , along with the percentage of PhD graduates employed in each sector (source: Vitae Researcher Development International):

• Higher Education - 37%
• Business and Industry: 23%
• Government- 16%
• Non-profit Organizations- 10%
• Self Employed- 5%
• Health and Social Care- 5%
• Other Sectors- 4%

Here are some average salaries for various job titles in the UK for PhD holders:

Phd in UK: Visa

International students planning to pursue PhD in Uk will require a points-based Student Route visa (previously known as the Tier 4 student visa). To get this visa you must be able to show that you have sufficient money for living costs. The minimum requirements are:

• £1,023 per month if your PhD is based outside London
• £1,334 per month if your PhD is based in London

A student visa requires 70 points. These are awarded to you as follows:

• 50 points – for gaining your confirmation of acceptance for studies
• 10 points – for proving that you have sufficient funds to support yourself during your degree
• 10 points – for proving you meet the English language requirements

PhD in UK: Work Permit

Provided you are pursuing a full-time PhD in UK, you may work alongside your project or programme, provided you do not: work for more than 20 hours per week, except during any vacations or in the case of an agreed work placement or internship

PhD in UK: ROI

A UK PhD offers a strong ROI as graduates gain advanced skills leading to higher salaries and diverse career opportunities, offsetting initial costs. The prestige of a UK PhD can boost professional credibility, leading to leadership roles and consulting opportunities, further enhancing ROI.

PhD in UK: Degree Comparison

The following table draws a comparison between PhD in UK vs PhD in USA on the basis of program duration, tuition fees, cost of living, visa, average salary among other parameters.

Pursuing a PhD in the UK can be a great opportunity for students who are looking for world-renowned universities, a multicultural environment, generous funding opportunities, and a shorter duration of the program. UK offers excellent research opportunities, and PhD graduates from UK universities have a high employability rate. After completing your PhD in UK one can work at higher posts in different fields and earn an average annual salary of 40,000 GBP- 60,000 GBP (30-60 Lakh INR).

Ques. How much does a PhD cost in UK?

Ans . The average annual tuition fee for pursuing PhD in UK at the top universities is 20,000 GBP- 50,000 GBP (20-50 Lakh INR) and the average cost of living in UK is around 14,000 GBP (14 lakh INR) per year.

Ques. How long is the PhD in UK?

Ans . PhD in UK, also referred to as a doctorate, is a 3-5 years full-time and 5-6 years part-time degree depending on the University of choice and the area of research.

Ques. Do PhD students get paid in UK?

Ans A stipend is awarded to students planning to pursue Ph.D in the UK. The cost of the stipend varies from university to university. PhD stipends in the UK were set at £16,062 for students outside of London and £18,062 for those within London, reflecting the higher cost of living in the capital.

Ques. What are some of the top universities offering PhD in UK?

Ans . University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, University College London, and University of Edinburgh are some of the top universities offering PhD in UK.

Ques. What are the admission requirements for applying to a PhD in UK?

Ans . The minimum admission requirement for PhD in UK is to have a first-class or strong upper second-class undergraduate degree with honours in a related field of study or a masters degree with a minimum of 70%, IELTS score of 7.0 or above or a TOEFL score of 100+ and while applying for a PhD in UK you will need to submit a research proposal in the field you of research you are applying for.

Ques. What are the career prospects after completing a PhD in the UK?

Ans . Graduates with a PhD from a UK university have diverse career opportunities. While some pursue academic careers as researchers or professors, others find employment in industry, government, or non-profit organizations. The skills acquired during a PhD, such as critical thinking and problem-solving, are highly valued in many sectors.

Ques. Are there funding opportunities available for international students pursuing a PhD in the UK?

Ans . Yes, many UK universities offer scholarships, grants, and funding opportunities for international PhD students. These may cover tuition fees, living expenses, or research costs. Prospective students should research and apply for relevant funding opportunities early in the application process.

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Postgraduate research

Tuition fees and expenses: research degrees

Find out about tuition fees and expenses for postgraduate research courses (PhD, MPhil, iPhD and MA/MSc by research) at York.

The fee that you pay depends on whether you're classed as a UK (home) or international student.

• Check your fee status

If you are an international student and your course is longer than one year, you should be aware that the tuition fee in following years will be subject to annual increases. You should take this into account in your financial planning. The fees quoted in your offer letter are normally for one year of study. Fees are subject to increase in subsequent years in line with the prevailing Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate (up to a maximum of 10%).

2024/25 tuition fees

• UK (home) tuition fee rates 2024/25
• International and EU tuition fee rates 2024/25

2023/24 tuition fees

• UK (home) tuition fee rates 2023/24
• International and EU tuition fee rates 2023/24

Got a question about applying to York? Email our friendly Admissions Team for advice and support.

If you've already applied to study at York please use You@York to upload any documents. Please do not email documents to us.

[email protected] +44 (0)1904 322142

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Visiting students.

If you're already studying a postgraduate course at another university you can apply to spend time at York as a visiting student.

• Find out about tuition fees for visiting students

Living expenses and additional costs

Our living costs guide is designed to give you an idea of living expenses in York, as well as information about additional costs and charges you might incur while studying a postgraduate degree at York.

• Take a look at our living costs guide 

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Postgraduate fees in the uk.

PLEASE NOTE: As a result of Brexit, from Autumn 2021 postgraduate students from the European Union studying at a UK university will be charged the same tuition fees as international students. Meanwhile, UK students studying their postgraduate course at a European university are also likely to incur higher tuition fees than their EU counterparts. It is advisable to check with the individual universities in the UK and Europe for up-to-date information on tuition fees for all postgraduate programs.

Postgraduate fees in the UK vary massively depending on the type of course, where you are from and a myriad of other factors. Postgraduate qualifications, typically, a Masters Degree , Postgraduate Diploma or Certificate , or a PhD , are a popular choice for many students who want to study a particular subject in greater detail. But with so many options it’s easy to get confused about how much a postgraduate degree will cost, what the course fees include and even how long the fees will take to pay. 

So, here at Postgrad, we’ve condensed all the information you need about average postgraduate fees in the UK down to one page.

Here are four of our most frequently asked questions about postgraduate fees, which hopefully will help you on your way to applying for your postgraduate degree.

1. How much will I pay?

The cost of your postgraduate program depends on two main factors; what sort of course you are doing and what country you come from. Remember to take the length of your degree into account too. 

PhDs and masters programs may seem to have similar or the same costs at first, but a PhD usually lasts three years, so you are paying three times the cost of a masters degree. For the same reason, part-time courses can sometimes work out more expensive.

Funding can come from a variety of sources including postgraduate loans , study bursaries and scholarships . 

How much is a masters degree in the UK?

The typical cost of a masters degree in the UK is £11,000, although fees can range from £3,000 to over £30,000 depending on the university, the subject, and the length of study. 

Non-STEM subjects, such as Arts and Humanities that are classroom-based, tend to be cheaper, and STEM subjects like Science and Healthcare are more expensive. Taught masters also differ in cost from research masters, a taught masters will be more expensive because you are charged for the price of the teaching. Specialised degrees like MBAs also tend to cost more. 

How much does a PhD cost? 

Tuition fees for PhDs vary, but the typical cost is between £3,000 and £6,000 per year for UK students. The average cost in 2021/2022 is around £4,500 per year, as this is the indicative rate set by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) for UK universities. 

EU and International students can expect tuition fees of between £16,000 to £24,000 per year. Non-STEM subjects will generally be at the lower end of the range, whilst STEM subjects will be at the higher end. 

Postgraduate fees

To give you some idea of tuition fees, here is a table examining how most postgraduate fees at Durham University vary according to status and course (prices are per year):

(Source: Durham University)

Durham University is an elite UK university – it is in fact a member of the UK’s highly prestigious Russell Group universities, so their prices tend to lean towards the more expensive side for overseas students.

On average, UK fees for overseas postgraduates are :

• Postgraduate classroom based degree: £16,000 – £20,000 (average £18,000)

• Postgraduate laboratory based degree: £18,500 – £23,000 (average £20,750)

• Postgraduate medical degree: £7,500 – £54,500 (average £31,000)

• MBA £8,500 – £63,000 (average £35,750)

* All figures sourced from the Complete University Guide, Reddin Survey of University Tuition Fees 2021/22. All currency was rounded to the nearest £100. 

How does residency affect postgraduate fees? 

How much you pay in postgraduate tuition fees largely depends on where you are from, as well as what you are studying. As the UK government subsidises part of postgraduate fees through the Higher Education Funding Council, postgraduate fees are slightly lower for British students in British universities. 

From 2021/22, most new entrant EU students will have to pay the same fees as all other international students. Yet there are still some ways for overseas students to escape their overseas premium and pay home student fees. You can find a detailed summary of the conditions here, but the most common exceptions are:

You have been a permanent resident and settled in the UK for at least three years (and the main purpose of this residence was not for education).

You have been granted refugee status.

Those who have applied for asylum (including those not recognised by government legislation, still granted ‘Humanitarian Protection’).

The UK government offers hundreds of scholarships, bursaries and additional financial support to students from several countries. You can visit the UKCISA (UK Council for International Student Affairs ) website to find out if you are eligible for a scholarship. 

Once you’ve used this guide to suss whether you have to pay Home or Overseas fees and have got an idea of the kind of fees you could pay, go to the website and prospectus of the universities you like and find out what their fees are. Almost all universities have their fees displayed on their websites, so have a search and find out! 

Many institutions also offer their own financial assistance, and you can check their websites for more information.

2. What am I paying for?

Charges levelled on you by your university usually cover most of your costs, including tuition and use of university resources. Although details vary between institutions, your money usually goes towards paying your teachers (in the case of taught courses), maintaining resources you will draw upon (such as libraries or laboratories) and other miscellaneous costs.

3. What isn't included in the course fees?

You may be expected to pay additional fees if you study a masters or PhD course that is resource intensive (especially in sciences). Laboratory fees are not uncommon and can come in anywhere from £100 to £1,000 per year. Also, course fees often do not include other necessary items such as textbooks, equipment for fieldwork and other items that add up in price.

4. How will I pay for my masters or postgraduate course fees?

Many undergraduate students in the UK have their fees directly paid by the Student Loans Company, meaning they never actually have to organise paying their tuition fees themselves. At postgraduate level however, you are expected to arrange the transfer of money for your fees yourself (unless any sponsors or scholarship committees have agreed to arrange the transfer).

The first thing to consider is that your university may ask you to make a small deposit (usually of around £500) to help clamp down on people dropping out after agreeing to a place. This may be returned to you upon enrolment or completion or discounted from your payment.

There are usually three ways of paying your fees :

A single payment : if you wish to pay all of your fees up front, then you can usually do so. In fact, it is encouraged or even required by some universities. Choose your method of payment carefully: you may be charged if you pay by credit card.

Termly payments : Many universities allow students to pay termly, so that their payments are spread across the year. This is particularly convenient for students who are reliant on scholarship payments that are spread out across the year.

Monthly payments : Select universities allow students to pay tuition monthly, typically by standing order or direct debit. This method may be the most convenient for you, but it can be costly if you cannot pay by standing order and have to make repeated bank transfers or credit card payments.

Please note that some universities require that you pay them from a UK bank account, and if this is the case you will need to open an account promptly before taking your place at a university. 

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This page provides information on research programme fees for home and international students. Refer to the information below for more detail about how much your programme is likely to cost.

2024/25 fees

Home students, 2024/25 home tuition fees for phd and mphil research degrees.

Annual tuition fees for each academic year must be paid in full at the start of each year.

Some research projects will be subject to additional project costs.

All MPhil/PhD projects are charged at the UK Research and Innovation indicative rate. The fee for the year 2024/25 is £4,786. Additional project costs may also be charged.

The table indicates the fee for programmes in each faculty.

Where additional project costs may be charged, the standard APC is listed first. Some projects may lead to a higher or lower APC, and these are also listed in the table.

Your offer letter will state the tuition fee and any APC for the programme.

Additional project costs (APC)

For some subjects, there will be an APC to run research projects that are in addition to basic classroom and lab-based costs. It will be clear where there are additional costs.  APCs for part-time researchers will be charged pro-rata at 50% of the rate shown.

2024/25 Home tuition fees for Masters by Research degrees

Masters by Research degrees fees vary by faculty. The table indicates the fee for programmes in the faculty.  Your offer letter will state the tuition fee for the programme.

2024/25 Home tuition fees for PhD by Published Works degrees

For PhD by Published Works, the tuition fee would be 50% of the fee noted (to reflect the standard six-month period of registration).

The full-time duration is six months, the part-time duration is 12 months. The fee is 50% of the fee for the year. For 2024/25, this is £2,425.

International students

2024/25 international tuition fees for research degrees (phd, mphil and masters by research).

Tuition fees for international students are categorised into five groups called ‘bands’. The tuition fee band reflects the resources that are needed for the research project. 

Please note from September 2021, EU students are classified as International students unless they have settled status in the UK.

This table indicates the fee for programmes within each faculty. Where different fees are charged according to the programme, these are listed in the table. Your offer letter will state the tuition fee for the programme.

2024/25 International tuition fees for PhD by Published Works degrees

International students undertaking a PhD by Published Works will pay band A international tuition fees. The tuition fee band reflects the resources needed for the research project.

For PhD by Published Works, the tuition fee would be 50% of the fee noted above (to reflect the standard six-month period of registration).

2023/24 fees

2023/24 home tuition fees for phd and mphil research degrees.

Annual tuition fees for each academic year must be paid in full at the start of each year. Some research projects will be subject to additional project costs.

All MPhil/PhD projects are charged at the UKRI indicative rate of £4,712 per year (full-time) for 2023/24. Additional project costs (APC) may also be charged.

The table indicates the fee for programmes in the faculty. Where APCs may be charged, the standard APC is listed first. Some projects may lead to a higher or lower APC, and these are also listed in the table below. Your offer letter will state the tuition fee and any APC for the programme.

For some subjects, there will be an APC to run research projects that are in addition to basic classroom and lab-based costs. It will be clear where there are additional costs.  APCs for part-time researchers will be pro-rata’d at 50% of the rate shown.

2023/24 Home tuition fees for Masters by Research degrees

Masters by Research degrees fees vary by faculty and programme.

The table indicates the fee for programmes in the faculty. Where different fees are charged according to the programme, these are listed in the table below. Your offer letter will state the tuition fee for the programme.

2023/24 Home tuition fees for PhD by Published Works degrees

The full-time duration is six months, the part-time duration is 12 months. The fee is 50% of the fee for the year, for 2023/24 this is £2,356.

2023/24 International tuition fees for research degrees (PhD, MPhil and Masters by Research)

Tuition fees for international students are categorised into five groups called bands. The tuition fee band reflects the resources needed for the research project.

2023/24 International tuition fees for research degrees (PhD by Published Works)

International students undertaking a PhD by Published Works will pay Band A international tuition fees. The tuition fee band reflects the resources needed for the research project.

2022/23 fees

2022/23 home tuition fees for phd and mphil research degrees.

The MPhil/PhD tuition fee for UK students for 2022/23 is £4,596 per year (full-time) and £2,298 per year (part-time).

The next PhD Education Research intake will be in 2023/24. 

The table indicates the fee for programmes in the faculty. Where additional project costs (APC) may be charged, the standard APC is listed first. Some projects may lead to a higher or lower APC, and these are also listed in the table. Your offer letter will state the tuition fee and any APC for the programme

For some subjects, there will be an APC to run research projects in addition to basic classroom and lab-based costs. It will be clear where there are additional costs.  APCs for part-time researchers will be pro-rata’d at 50% of the rate shown.

2022/23 Home tuition fees for Masters by Research degrees

2022/23 Home tuition fees for PhD by Published Works degrees

The full-time duration is six months, the part-time duration is 12 months. The fee is 50% of the fee for the year, for 2022/23 this is £2,298.

2022/23 International tuition fees for research degrees (PhD, MPhil and Masters by Research)

2022/23 International tuition fees for research degrees (PhD by Published Works)

For PhD by Published Works the tuition fee would be 50% of the fee noted above (to reflect the standard six-month period of registration).

Visiting students and general fee information

Visiting students.

Fees for visiting students wishing to undertake part of their postgraduate research at Manchester Metropolitan University are:

• Total visit length up to (but not including) two months: No fee
• Total visit length between two to six months (inclusive): £500
• Total visit length from six to 12 months, Home students: 25% of the MPhil/PhD home tuition fee
• Total visit length from six to 12 months, Overseas students: 25% of the band A overseas tuition fee. Please note from September 2021, EU students are classified as International students unless they have settled status in the UK.

Funding your research degree

In order to ensure you thrive during your research degree, it is crucial that you fully understand the costs of your project and have a clear plan in place to fund your research.

There are a number of funding sources to help you complete a research degree. Undertaking a research degree takes a lot of commitment, from a time and a financial perspective, so it’s important to have a clear plan in place as to how you will fund your research.

Research council scholarships

We are part of two research council-funded doctoral training partnerships (DTPs):

• TheWhite Rose DTP which funds projects at Manchester Met in education, health and wellbeing
• TheNorth West Consortium DTPwhich funds projects across the arts and humanities.

These partnerships offer scholarships to cover fees and an annual stipend of around £15,000 (UKRI indicative fee). Both run an annual open competition with a deadline in mid-January, as well as funding attached to specific projects ( sign-up to be alerted when these specific projects are advertised ).

University scholarships

We are committed to supporting innovative research projects that have a real impact on a local, regional and global scale. We offer a range of scholarships funded by the University and external partners. We advertise scholarships  when they are available, and we also post them on Twitter . 

PhD Handbook

Cost of Studying PhD in UK for International Students

Pursuing a PhD in the UK is a dream for many international graduate students. It is an excellent opportunity to conduct original and noteworthy research in a specific field or subject and to contribute to the advancement of knowledge.

The cost of a PhD in the UK for international students can vary depending on the university and the subject of study. However, international students can expect to pay higher tuition fees than domestic students. The tuition fees for a PhD in the UK typically range from around GBP 18,250 to GBP 35,500 (INR 18,25,000 to INR 35,50,000) per annum at top universities.

However, some of the universities in the UK precisely accept applications from international students having a 4-year bachelor's (Honors) degree. The cost of a Ph.D. can be separated into three key areas; tuition fees, living expenses, and research expenditures. And the combined cost of these is approximately INR 40,56,000 per year for international students. 

Yocket Premium can help you save money on your PhD in the UK. With Yocket Premium, you get access to a team of experts who can help you find the right Ph.D. program for your needs and budget. Yocket Premium also gives you access to a wide range of scholarships and funding opportunities.

So, if you're planning to go for a Ph.D. program in the UK, we have listed below all the needed details of the cost of doing a Ph.D. in the UK and other required information about the same.

Factors Influencing PhD Tuition Fees UK International Students

International students choose to pursue a Ph.D. in the UK due to many reasons including higher ROI and better education quality. Along with the course fees for Ph.D., students have to bear other expenses as well. Some of the important factors that influence the Ph.D. fees in the UK are mentioned below. 

UK universities Ph.D. fees

Studying at UK universities is a dream that most students have. Given the excellent quality of education and program structure, the fees for UK universities are pretty high. Students will have to spend up to INR 30,42,000  per year on Ph.D. costs UK.

Cost of living in the UK

Students who are pursuing a Ph.D. degree in UK will have to bear all expenses for different living conditions such as food, transportation, study resources, etc. 

Pre and Post Arrival costs to study Ph.D. in the UK

The Ph.D. price UK also contains several pre-arrival expenses such as Visa, Application fees, language test fees, etc. Even after arriving in the UK, students will have to bear the program fees for Ph.D. courses as well as the living costs.

What can Indian Students Expect While Studying in UK

Pre-Arrival Expenses to Study Ph.D. in UK 

Included in the Ph.D. fees in the UK for Indian students are the pre-arrival costs. Yes, even before entering the UK, students have to go through some expenses. Students need to understand the budget in areas such as Language Test Scores, Student Visas, flight tickets, etc. These are the one-time expenses that students have to incur before arriving in the UK. 

Flight Ticket 

English language proficiency exam fees.

• UK Student Visa Fees
• Health Insurance Fees

Let’s know these pre-arrival costs in detail:

International students traveling from their respective countries to the UK will have to book a flight to the destination airport in the UK. The cost of flight tickets to the UK is somewhere between GBP 415 to GBP 620 (INR 43,092 - INR 64,380) . 

The cost of a Ph.D. in the UK for international students will also include the IELTS and TOEFL exam fees. These English language proficiency tests are a must for international students belonging to non-English speaking countries. The cost for these exams would be around INR 15,200 . 

 UK Student Visa Fees 

International students also have to apply for their UK student visa to continue with their studies in the UK. The UK student visa application fee is around GBP 339 (INR 35,200) for international students. 

Getting a PhD in the UK is a prestigious achievement, but it can also be expensive. 

Yocket Finance makes it easy and affordable to finance your international education, so you can focus on your studies and achieve your goals.

Health Insurance 

For international students planning to study Ph.D. in the UK, it is important to get their health insurance. The health insurance that you get depends on the length of the Ph.D. program. International students can use the National Health Service ( INR 30,400 for 2 years ) if their program duration is more than 6 months. 

Post Arrival Costs to Study Ph.D. in the UK 

Once you have arrived at your destination location in the UK, you can begin your course. But for that, you have to bear two types of post-arrival expenses. 

Ph.D. Program Fee

To pursue a Ph.D. in the UK, an international student has to pay the annual program fee. To the average cost of a Ph.D. in the UK is around INR 40,56,000 for Indian Students.  

Cost of Living

Student accommodation in the UK stands up to around INR 15,21,000 every year. The expenses include the cost of housing, cost of food, transformation, research costs, etc.

Best Ways to Fund Studies in UK for International Students

Fee Structure for Top PhD Universities in UK 

The program fee in UK universities with most international students offering Ph.D. courses is one of the main factors that decide the cost of studying in the UK. The Ph.D. course fees UK range from INR 15,21,000 to INR 35,50,000 based on the location and the university of choice. Here we have given a basic overview of the average Ph.D. fee structure in some of the top universities in the UK. 

List of Top 10 Universities for PhD in UK for International Students

PhD Programs Fees n the UK

If you are planning to study Ph.D. in the UK, it is important to know the costs associated with each Ph.D. program offered by UK universities. Mentioned below are some details about the different Ph.D. programs and the annual fees that students have to pay.

Know How to Apply for PhD in UK from India

Cost of Living in UK for 2024

Apart from the program fees, students who are pursuing a Ph.D. in the UK will also have to bear their living expenses. These expenses include accommodation, personal spending, eating, and other lifestyle costs. So, the cost of living in the UK depends on the lifestyle choices that students make. Here are some factors for living costs in the UK.

: A Comprehensive Guide To Ph.D. In London For International Students!

Additional Costs

Some other expenses can be included in the total costs for a Ph.D. in the UK. Some of the details for additional costs are mentioned below. 

: A Complete Guide to Ph.D. in UK for International Students

From the Desk of Yocket

The cost of a PhD in the UK can be a significant investment, but it is also a valuable one. PhD graduates from UK universities are highly sought-after by employers around the world, and they have the opportunity to make a real impact on their field of study.

The following article provided information about Ph.D. tuition fees in the UK for international students. Applying for a Ph.D. program in the UK is pretty simple if you are familiar with the costs and expenses of living and studying in the UK.

However, there are several other factors to consider when applying for a Ph.D. in the UK, such as the eligibility requirements, the application process, and the different types of funding available. Yocket Premium can help you navigate the entire application process and ensure that you are well-prepared for your PhD journey.

Frequently Asked Questions about Cost of Studying PhD in UK

Is it worth it to pursue a Ph.D. in the UK?

Yes, the UK houses some of the most prestigious institutions in the world. So, the options are endless when it comes to Ph.D. universities in the country.

Is a Ph.D. in the UK an expensive program?

When compared to the universities in other countries, the Ph.D. programs in the UK aren't that expensive. On average, a student will have to spend about INR 18,27,000 per year on Ph.D. course fees.

What are the top universities offering Ph.D. courses in UK?

The top universities that offer Ph.D. programs in the UK are: 1) University of Cambridge 2) University of Warwick 3) University of Oxford 4) University of Southampton 5) Newcastle University

Can I get Ph.D. programs in UK for free?

No, there aren’t any free programs available in UK for Ph.D. students. However, UK universities provide scholarships and financial assistance to students who have good academic scores.

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Fees for postgraduate research study

Tuition fees for your PhD/MPhil will cover the cost of your study at the University, as well as charges for registration, tuition, supervision, examinations and graduation.

Payment of fees will also entitle you to membership of the Library and Students' Union. For general fee information, including paying your fees if you are self-funded or externally sponsored, visit the University's  postgraduate research fees  pages.

Postgraduate researchers on funded programmes or studentships (i.e. DTPs) will have their tuition fees paid internally.

Fees for PhD, MPhil and MD programmes fall into one of our standard fee bands. Your primary supervisor will determine which is appropriate according to the nature and complexity of your research project and associated activities (such as conference attendance).

The fee band is displayed within the project description on self-funded project adverts, or will be confirmed during the interview/offer stage.

Tuition fees are generally not quoted in adverts where they are covered by a funded studentship.

Some of our programmes attract a non-standard fee and these are displayed on the specific programme pages, for example in dentistry/clinical dentistry. 

Fees for UK students

For the academic year  2023/24  (September 2023, January 2024 and April 2024 start dates), the UK fees are:

• Standard - to be confirmed (set by UKRI)
• Band 1 - £10,000 per year (low cost research project)
• Band 2 - £17,500 per year (medium cost research project)
• Band 3 - £22,500 per year (high cost research project)

For the academic year 2024/25 (September 2024, January 2025 and April 2025 start dates), the UK fees are:

• Standard – to be confirmed (set by UKRI)
• Band 1 - £11,000 per year (low cost research project)
• Band 3 - £23,000 per year (high cost research project)

Fees for international students

For the academic year  2023/24  (September 2023, January 2024 and April 2024 start dates), the international fees are:

• Standard - £26,500
• Band 1 - £27,500 per year (low cost research project)
• Band 2 - £34,500 per year (medium cost research project)
• Band 3 - £39,500 per year (high cost research project)

For the academic year 2024/25 (September 2024, January 2025 and April 2025 start dates), the international fees are:

• Standard - £27,000
• Band 1 - £28,500 per year (low cost research project)
• Band 3 - £40,500 per year (high cost research project)

Confirmation of costs

The annual cost of your programme will be confirmed in your offer letter.

For UK applicants the annual tuition fee will increase slightly each year. For international applicants, tuition fees remain fixed for the duration of your study.

Living costs

If you are a self-funded applicant, you will also need to cover your living expenses for the duration of your programme. You will be required to present evidence of available living cost support if you need to apply for a student visa.

We offer a wide range of fully-funded studentships each year through our prestigious and competitive funded programmes. Some of these are open to international applicants and can cover the full costs of tuition fees.

Should you be awarded a fully funded studentship that covers tuition fees and living costs (paid as a monthly stipend) you must be able to personally meet the costs required to relocate to Manchester as these are not provided by the studentship (i.e. visa costs, health surcharge, relocation, flights).

Funded programmes

Browse our fully funded PhD programmes, including prestigious doctoral training partnerships and industry funded schemes.

Funding opportunities

Find out about the other sources of financial support available including scholarships and awards for UK and international applicants.

• PhD Salary in UK – Explained
• Funding a PhD

What Are PhD Salaries?

The average cost of undertaking a PhD in the UK is approximately £20,000 per academic year for UK students and £40,000 for international students. To help offset the cost of this, many students question whether undertaking a doctorate comes with a PhD salary.

The salary of a PhD student is governed by three factors: whether they’re assisting in undergraduate teaching, assisting in research, or have secured a PhD with a stipend. Depending on which of the three categories a student falls within, they will receive an income during their studies, however, the amount will differ by a substantial amount.

To help show you how you can fund your postgraduate degree and how much you can expect to earn whilst doing so, carry on reading below.

Types of PhD Salaries

There are three types of PhD degree salaries:

• Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTAs) . In exchange for a salary, you’ll be required to assist in the delivery of one or more courses over a number of years. This includes, but is not limited to, marking student tutorials, supervising lab experiments and providing support to undergraduates during office hours. Besides this, you may have to teach a small section of the course itself. You can discover more about GTAs on King’s College London’s website.
• Research Assistantships (RAs) . In exchange for a salary, you assist a departmental professor with their research. In the ideal scenario, the professor you work with should also be your PhD supervisor and the research you’re asked to support with relates to your own doctoral project.
• Stipend via Studentship: A stipend is a non-repayable grant provided to doctoral students to help support their studies. A studentship covers a student’s tuition fees whilst a stipend covers a PhD student’s living costs. This includes outgoings such as rent, food, bills and basic travel. Unlike Graduate Teaching or Research Assistantships, stipends rarely have duties attached to them. The only expectation of receiving a stipend will be that you maintain continuous progress within your degree.

It’s worth noting these earning opportunities can be also be combined. For example, it’s possible to be a research assistant whilst also committing time to teach undergraduate students.

Average PhD Salary in UK

The average PhD student salary for teaching assistantships will vary depending on the level of responsibility you’re taking. However, to provide figures, past doctoral students have reported receiving approx. £10/hr for marking tutorials, £15/hr for leading laboratory sessions and up to £20/hr for leading undergraduate classes and tutorials.

The actual amount you can earn from teaching assistance will depend on the rate your department offers and the hours you can realistically take on. If you’re on a Graduate Teaching Assistantship programme, they will require you to dedicate a set number of hours per week. If you’re not on a GTA but would still like to earn an income through this scheme, you will likely need to commit several hours per week consistently. Although this can be a great way to earn whilst you study, you need to make sure you manage your time effectively as to not become overwhelmed by taking on an additional commitment.

The average salary for research assistantships will vary depending on the field of the doctoral degree you are enrolled in. Usually, these positions pay between £25,000 to £30,000 per year, however, it’s possible to come across positions which sit slightly outside of this. As a general rule of thumb, STEM assistors are paid more than non-STEM assistors.

In the UK, PhD students can receive a stipend which varies between £15,000 and £18,000 per annum. As part of the studentship your stipend is provided under, your tuition fees will also be paid for. UK tuition fees will vary between universities but are approximately £4,500 per year for doctoral courses starting in 2021/22 as per the UKRI recommendations .

Although £15,000 to £18,000 per year is the typical range for a stipend, some can be far greater than this. For example, Wellcome Trust , a research-charity based in London, offers an annual stipend of up to £23,300 and £26,000 for doctoral students located outside and within London, respectively.

Are PhD Salaries Taxed?

PhD stipends are tax free. Therefore, you don’t need to pay any income tax nor do you need to make any national insurance contributions. This means you’ll keep all the money you receive from an annual stipend. However, this is not the case for Research Assistants.

In the UK, Research Assistants are employed as university staff members and are paid a direct salary as opposed to a stipend. As a result, it will require you to pay tax on your earnings and make national insurance contributions.

To put this into perspective, for the 2019/20 UK tax year, you’re required to pay a 20% tax on any income above £12,500 but less than £50,000. You’re also required to make national insurance contributions of 12% of your weekly earnings over £166 but less than £962. This means that an annual Research Assistantship salary of £30,000 will equate to a take-home salary of £23,938 per year.

How to Get a PhD Stipend

To find research positions which offer stipends, we recommend you search our PhD database and filter by ‘funded’ positions.

Besides this, you can also secure a studentship from UK Research Councils or directly from your university as a scholarship. Independent organisations, such as charities and research trusts, and innovative firms within your industry also offer funding. You can read our PhD studentship guide to see how these work or our Where to find a PhD guide for further ideas.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How to Get a Research Assistantship PhD

Unfortunately, research assistantships opportunities aren’t as common to come across compared to PhD stipends. Besides this, when they are available, they’re predominantly in STEM subjects such as computer science and engineering. The reason for this is these subjects usually have access to greater research grants and have a greater volume of practical work available.

To find a research assistantship, we recommend that you contact the university departments who host the courses you’re interested in directly. This is because research assistantships help professors with their research, and while they may require help, they may not be openly advertising for it. They may, therefore, be able to create a role for you within their department or put you into contact with one of their colleagues who already has an open position.

International Students

It’s worth noting that international students will have a harder time securing a funded PhD position than UK ‘home’ students will. This is largely because there are usually fewer funding opportunities available to international students, which as a result also attract significant competition.

Besides this, if you’re an international student studying in the UK you will most likely than not be on a Tier 4 visa. Although a Tier 4 visa will allow you to work to earn an additional income alongside any studentship you may have, there will be certain restrictions on what you can and can’t do. For example, during term-time, you won’t be allowed to work more than 20 hours per week. For a full list of restrictions, please refer to the government website.

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Postgraduate Research fees for 2022 to 2023

The full list of postgraduate research fees for new students enrolling at UCL for the first time in the 2022 to 2023 academic year.

These fees are for new postgraduate research students starting in the 2022-23 academic year. Unless otherwise stated in the programme notes, the published fees are only for the first year of study and the fees in subsequent years may increase to reflect UCL's increased costs in delivering the programme, such as operational costs, market forces and inflation. Any increase in fees won't exceed 5% per year.

This page also contains information about:

• jointly delivered programmes
• non-resident PhD programmes
• study leave
• additional fee element

Tuition fees

You can search for a programme by faculty, department, qualification or use the keyword search function. Use only one filter at a time to find a fee. Programme fee information will also be in your offer letter.

Current Students Fee Schedules Widget Placeholder coursetype=graduate_research&year=2022

Jointly delivered programmes

Where UCL jointly delivers a programme with other universities or colleges, the fees may be set by the collaborating institution and this will be stated with the tuition fee listed above. In relation to programmes of more than one year, we will also will specify the fee for subsequent years or state how the fees may increase from year to year.

Non-Resident PhD Programmes

A deduction of £1,500 from full-time student fees and £750 from part-time student fees has been agreed by the Graduate School. This applies to both UK and Overseas students.

Study leave

Research degree.

Fees will be charged at half the full-time or part-time UK fee, depending on your registration status. 

If you're taking Study Leave as part of your MRes, please contact the Student Fees team to see if a reduced rate applies.

Email the Student Fees team  

Additional Fee Element

A minority of PhD students may have to pay an Additional Fee Element (AFE). This is also known as a bench fee by some UK institutions. The AFE covers additional costs which are not included in the tuition fee listed above. These additional costs are for consumables, equipment, materials and other items, but they don't include student visas. As each PhD is unique, your AFE will be specifically calculated for you by your supervisor. Please contact your supervisor directly for advice on whether or not you will pay an AFE. Your offer letter will also confirm any AFE you will be required to pay.

There are five bands for AFE charges:

• Band 1 is £1,000
• Band 2 is £2,500
• Band 3 is £5,000
• Band 4 is £10,000
• Band 5 is for variable amounts above £10,000

Back to tuition fees search tool

Other tuition fee schedules

• Undergraduate 2022-23
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Fees – what you need to pay

The information below is only relevant for students who register directly with The Open University. Students who register through an Affiliated Research Centre (ARC) should contact the ARC directly if they have any questions about fees.

Annual fees

All students registered for a research degree are liable for an annual fee that covers registration, supervision, examinations and graduation.

• Where a student is in receipt of funding, their fees will be met by the funding body for the periods stated in accordance with the provisions in the offer letter. Where registration continues beyond the funded period the student will become liable for fees.
• Self-funded students are required to pay annual fees in full at the beginning of each of their academic years (usually prior to the registration anniversary date).

The annual fee depends on the research programme that you want to study, whether you are studying full time or part time, where you currently live and potentially on your nationality and immigration status.

Fees normally increase annually in line with inflation.

Annual fee amounts for 2023–24 and 2024–25 are:

Am I a UK or an international student?

UK students are those who can show that:

• they have been ‘normally resident in the UK’ – not just for educational purposes – for at least three years before the start of their course
• who can demonstrate that they are ‘settled’ in the UK.

‘Settled’ means having either:

• indefinite leave to enter or remain
• having the right of abode in the UK.

For those students who are resident outside the UK, the fee varies according to whether they are taking a research degree in a science or in an arts discipline.

Advice for international students about fees and finance for research degrees for international students can be found on the website of the UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) . Advice about visa requirements can be found on the UK Visas and Immigration website .

Continuation fees, writing-up and resubmission fees

Continuation fees, writing-up fees.

Please note that students on Professional Doctorate courses are not eligible for writing-up fees.

Where a student enters their fourth year (full time) or eighth year (part time) of study and is no longer engaged in the acquisition of new data and is predominantly concentrating on writing up their thesis prior to submission, they will be classified as writing-up students. A writing-up student must be in a position to submit their thesis within 12 months, or by their thesis submission date, whichever is sooner.

The writing-up fee is available for a maximum of one year. Regardless of mode of study, should the student fail to submit their thesis within the ‘writing-up year’ they will become liable for the full annual continuation fee should they be granted an extension to registration.

The supervisor will need to formally confirm to the Graduate School when a student should be classified as writing up.

The writing-up fee will be invoiced at the start of the fourth year (full time) or eighth year (part time); it becomes payable halfway through the year (e.g. at 42 months of registration for full-time students and at 90 months of registration for part-time students). Where a full-time student who has been designated as at ‘writing-up’ stage submits prior to 42 months the writing-up fee will be waived. Where a part-time student who has been designated as at ‘writing-up’ stage submits prior to 90 months the writing-up fee will be waived.

Resubmission fee

Where a student is required following the final examination to resubmit their thesis for re-examination a fee will apply. The charge is made to cover costs of re-examination and additional supervision.

Before accepting an offer of registration, it is important to consider your finances over the period of your studies. If you are paying your own fees, you must make sure you can meet the cost; you will not be able to proceed with your degree if your fees are in arrears. New postgraduate research students are now eligible for student loans; information on eligibility and how to apply can be found on the Gov.uk’s doctoral loan page. Please note you are unable to apply until you have received an offer letter and you will need to ask the Graduate School for a Course Code in order to apply.

Funded students

Some students are in receipt of a studentship – that is, they have applied for and successfully been awarded funding for a fixed amount of time during their studies. Current studentships are advertised on the Studentships page . Depending on the award received, which would be confirmed in their award/funding offer letter, students typically receive a stipend and the awarding body pays the fees.

Students entering the fourth year (full time) or eighth year (part time) may become liable for a continuation fee or a writing-up fee. This may not always be covered by funding bodies and the student will be expected to pay this fee – payments by instalment can be arranged using an OUSBA account (subject to credit check). Where a student is formally recorded as ‘writing up’ (i.e. they have completed their research and are focused on writing their thesis), by the time they enter the fourth year (full time) or eighth year (part time) year, the fee is reduced.

Students are advised to check whether this is covered in their award offer letter and/or with the organisation/body making the award offer.

Self-funded students

Students who are self-funded are liable for the full fees for the duration of their study.

Students entering the fourth year (full time) or eighth year (part time), will become liable for a continuation fee unless they are formally recorded as ‘writing up’ by the time they reach the end of the third (full time) or seventh (part time) year, in which case the fee is reduced.

Your questions

For advice about applying for a research degree, or sponsoring a research student, email the Graduate School or call +44 (0)1908 653806.

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Postgraduate research

Tuition fees vary by:

• Course type (PhD, MPhil, MD, etc.)
• Fee status* (UK, EU, or International)
• Mode of study (full-time, part-time, distance learning)
• Year of entry

*If you are unsure of your fee status, please contact the Admissions Office for advice at [email protected] .

Tuition Fees vary by programme and are listed on the individual PhD Subject Pages

UK students (including distance learning)

UK postgraduate research fees are not fixed based on your point of entry and increase each year. UK postgraduate students are required to pay the fee applicable to the academic year they will be studying in. Fees are based on which subject  you study.

International students (including distance learning)

International postgraduate research fees are fixed for each year of the programme based on your entry year. Fees are based on which subject  you study.

If we make an offer the actual fee will be included in the offer letter.

Choose from our payment methods  in order to pay your fees.

Writing up fees

The writing up fee is £50 for up to 6 full or partial calendar months or £100 for up to 12 full or partial calendar months. There is no pro-rata rebate if you require less than 6 or 12 months respectively. You should pay this fee in full upon receiving confirmation that your application has been approved.

As per our fee liability policy for postgraduate research students, if you are in writing up for part of a calendar month this counts as 1 month of the 6 or 12 your writing up fee covers. For example, a writing up period from 15th January to 10th July is a 7 month period so a writing up fee of £100.00 would be due.

The Academic Office will not accept your thesis for examination if you have any outstanding debts to the University.

Extension of registration (registered students)

The extension of registration fee is based on the full time home rate for your course for the current academic year .

The fee charged is based on the number of yearly quarters (3 full or partial calendar months) you are in a period of extension for. There is no pro-rata rebate for a quarter not used in full. You should pay your fee at the beginning of each quarter as detailed below.

As per our fee liability policy for postgraduate research students, if you are in an extension period for part of a calendar month this counts as 1 month of the 3 each 12.5% of the full time home fee covers. For example, a period of extension from 15 January to 10 April is a 4 month period so 25% of the full time home fee would be due.

Alternatively, use our A–Z index

Your tuition fees will cover the cost of your postgraduate research programme at the University as well as charges for registration, tuition, supervision, examinations and graduation.

Payment of fees will also entitle you to membership of the Library, the Students' Union and the Athletic Union.

Some programmes incur higher expenditure than others and it is, therefore, important that you check the exact rate of tuition fees for your chosen research programme .

You can find details of individual course fees in the relevant postgraduate programme profiles.

Visit our Crucial Guide for fee amounts for submission-pending and joint-award payments .

Your tuition fee status

Like other UK universities, we charge different tuition fees depending on whether you’re classed as 'Home' or 'Overseas' for tuition fee purposes.  

The information you submit on your application to study at the University will be used to determine your tuition fee status. Detailed information on how we assess your tuition fee can be found on our Your tuition fee status page. 

Paying your fees

Students must be able to provide documentary evidence from a sponsor that these fees will be paid on receipt of an invoice or that they will be able to meet the cost themselves.

A late payment charge will be incurred if your fees are not paid by the due date.

If you have a question concerning your fees, please email our Student Services Centre at [email protected] .

Learn more about applying for funding for your postgraduate research.

Do you need to make a payment to the University?

We're here to help make it as easy as possible for you.

Updated on 11 March 2024

Fees for PhD and other research postgraduate courses

Tuition fee per year of study (subject to a 3% annual increase for Scottish/Rest of UK students and a 5% annual increase for International students).

Part time study, where available, is charged on a pro-rata basis.

Scottish/Rest of UK fee status annual increase

Each year, UKRI sets a recommended fee and stipend level for Scottish/Rest of UK students, which we use as the basis for fees charged to this group.

UKRI usually increases its fee and stipend levels in line with inflation, based on the Treasury GDP deflator. 

Therefore, the Scottish/Rest of UK fees detailed in this table for 2025/26 (and beyond) can only be estimated according to the typical increase. 

The fee charged to you may differ, though only slightly, from the figure given.

Accounting and Finance PhD tuition fees

Architecture PhD tuition fees

Anatomy and Human Identification PhD tuition fees

Archives and records management PhD tuition fees

Art and design phd tuition fees, art and design masters by research tuition fees, biomedical engineering phd tuition fees.

Business, management, and marketing PhD tuition fees

Computer science phd tuition fees.

Dentistry PhD tuition fees

Dentistry Masters by Research tuition fees

• Integrated Masters
• MDSc (R) 1 year Non Clinical  

Economic studies PhD tuition fees

Education, social work, and community education phd tuition fees, energy, petroleum and mineral law and policy phd tuition fees, engineering and physics phd tuition fees.

• Civil engineering
• Mechanical engineering and mechatronics

Science and Engineering Masters by Research tuition fees

English and creative writing PhD tuition fees

Forensic science phd tuition fees, geography and environmental science phd tuition fees, history phd tuition fees, islamic finance phd tuition fees.

Life Sciences PhD tuition fees

Life Sciences Masters by Research tuition fees

Law PhD tuition fees

Mathematics phd tuition fees.

• Mathematics
• Applied Mathematics

Medicine PhD tuition fees

• MD in Medicine
• Doctoral Research in Medicine

Medicine Masters by Research tuition fees

Nursing and health sciences PhD tuition fees

Philosophy phd tuition fees, politics and international relations phd tuition fees, psychology phd tuition fees, urban planning phd tuition fees.

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Important Facts

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PhD Fees Details 2024 (India, USA, Canada, UK, Top Colleges)

Kopal Srivastava Aug 6, 2024 1K Reads

A philosophy doctorate, or PhD, is a three- to six-year doctorate program. You can choose your field of interest from a range of specializations, such as the humanities, business, science, management, computer science, and law, and can pursue a PhD. Research methods, instruments, and literature reviews are all covered in the course.

To be eligible, students must have received at least 50% in their master's degree from a university that the UGC has acknowledged. The annual fee ranges from INR 80,000 to INR 1,20,000 depending on the university. Entrance exams like the DBT-JRF, CSIR-NET, and UGC-NET/JRF must be passed in order to be admitted. These exams are followed by an interview or viva.

Fees depend upon various factors such as university, program, and many more However, fees of government colleges are still less than in comparison to the private colleges of a PhD. Fees of both the government and private colleges is mentioned below.

• Government Colleges: Fees of government colleges are still less expensive than in comparison to private colleges. The fees written below are per semester. 

• Private Colleges:  The fees of private colleges are a little high in comparison to the government colleges fees. The fees written below are per semester. 

• NOTE: It is advised that you must check the fees from the official website of the university before enrolling as fees change from time to time. Moreover, fees also can differ from specialization to specialization. 

City Wise Fees Structure

Cities have different PhD program fee structures. Because of demand and living expenses, tuition prices are often higher in large cities like Delhi or Mumbai.  Costs are also influenced by variables including program specialization and university prestige.

Funding options and scholarships might assist provide costs. While choosing a place to pursue a PhD, it's critical to investigate the cost of living and financial assistance options in each community.

• Mumbai: The cost of a PhD program in Mumbai varies according to the university and chosen specialization. In comparison to private colleges, public universities such as the University of Mumbai have lower tuition costs. The annual tuition costs for a certain department and set of facilities might vary from INR 14,000 to INR 1,00,000 on average. It's also important to take into account extra expenses like test fees, registration fees, and research charges. Financial constraints can be lessened with the aid of government agencies and colleges that give assistantships and scholarships. Prospective PhD candidates in Mumbai should check certain programs and funding sources before applying.

• Banglore: The cost of a PhD program in Bengaluru varies depending on the institution and subject. The fee structures of private universities like the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and public universities like Bangalore University may differ. Depending on the university and subject, annual tuition costs might vary from INR 30,000 to INR 1,50,000 on average. It's important to account for extra expenses like registration fees, test fees, and research charges. To aid with expenditures, several universities provide assistantships, fellowships, or scholarships to qualified PhD candidates. Those interested in pursuing a PhD in Bengaluru should research the various programs and financing sources that are accessible to them.

• Delhi: The cost of a PhD program in Delhi varies greatly based on the university and the area of specialization. In comparison to private institutions like Jamia Millia Islamia or Amity University, public universities like Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) often offer lower tuition prices. The annual cost of attending a university can vary greatly, from INR 20,000 to INR 2,00,000 or more, depending upon the university's funding source—private, state, or federal. There may be additional expenses, such as library, test, and registration fees. Scholarships and fellowships are widely available from institutions to assist PhD students, which can greatly lessen their financial load. Those interested in pursuing a PhD in Delhi should look into the many programs and financing sources that are accessible to them.

What Are The Fees In IIT For A PhD Program?

Doing a PhD at any IIT is affordable. It's similar to a job where you receive a stipend of around INR 25,000 per month for the first two years, which increases in the subsequent three years. Tuition fees per semester range from INR 15,000 to INR 20,000. If you opt to stay in a hostel, you'll need to pay an additional INR 14,000 to INR 21,000.

What Are The PhD Fees In The USA?

A PhD in the USA is a 3 to 6-year full-time program in fields like Engineering, Applied Sciences, Computer Science, and Management. To get admission, you need a bachelor's degree with a GPA of 2.7 to 3.9 on a 4.0 scale or a Master's degree in the relevant field. Unlike other countries, you don't need a master's degree to enroll in a PhD program in the USA, allowing students to start doctoral studies straight from their bachelor's.

You must prove your English proficiency by submitting IELTS scores (7 to 7.5) or TOEFL scores (90 to 100). Although the program is 6 years, you have up to 10 years to complete your thesis. The cost of a PhD in the USA ranges from USD 24,800 to 80,390 (INR 20.6 Lakhs to 66.9 Lakhs). While costly, a PhD in the USA offers a good return on investment, with potential salaries ranging from USD 59,506 to USD 92,179.

What Are The PhD Fees In Canada?

A PhD in Canada takes 3 to 6 years to complete. Canadian universities offer PhD programs in STEM disciplines. To be eligible, you need a master's degree in a relevant field with good grades. You must also prove your English proficiency with TOEFL scores of 79 to 90 or IELTS scores of 5.5 to 6.5.

Annual tuition fees for a PhD in Canada range from 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD (4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR). A PhD in Canada is a good investment, as graduates can earn up to CAD 95,364 (58.56 lakhs INR). Many Canadian universities offer scholarships to help PhD students with their financial burden.

What Are The Phd Fees In The UK?

A PhD in the UK, also called a doctorate, takes 3-5 years full-time or 5-6 years part-time. To apply, you need an undergraduate degree or a master's degree with at least 70%. You also need an IELTS score of 7.0+ or a TOEFL score of 100+. You must submit a research proposal in your field of study.

The average annual tuition fee for a PhD at top UK universities is 20,000 GBP to 50,000 GBP (20-50 lakh INR). The average cost of living in the UK is around 14,000 GBP (14 lakh INR) per year. After graduating, about 87% of PhD students start working, earning an average salary of 40,000 GBP to 60,000 GBP (40-60 lakh INR) per year.

Is There Any Alternative To A PhD Program? 

However, if you're searching for an alternative to an online PhD degree, you might choose an online DBA program. It's an online PhD program that doesn't require daily college attendance. Moreover, it inserts the title "Dr." before your name.

Numerous colleges provide you with an online DBA. Moreover, it can completed in a minimum of 3-5 years, you also get to study from an international faculties. A few of the universities offering you an Online DBA are listed below. 

Return On Investment: Average Salaries Earned By The PhD Graduates

Job opportunities in the private sector vary based on specialization. PhD graduates can find jobs in nearly every field. Top private employers include private universities, Google, Microsoft, Deloitte, and Infosys.

PhD holders can also work in government organizations. After earning a PhD, options include jobs in chemical or pharmaceutical companies, the oil and gas industry, research, and NGOs. Salary structures differ between the private and public sectors.

Career Prospects After Completing A PhD Program

Below is information on PhD salaries in India for Professors, Associate Professors, and other positions. The table shows the salaries of PhD Professors in India.

Tips For Financing Your Doctorate Degree: Scholarships From Government 

PhD scholarships in India help students pursue research degrees after completing their postgraduate programs. These scholarships support students in conducting research and contributing to their fields of study.

A PhD program lasts 4 to 6 years, making it financially burdensome for many. There are several PhD scholarships in India, like the PM Fellowship for Doctoral Research. These scholarships provide a stipend to support students. They also offer free or heavily discounted accommodation.

Prime Minister Fellowship For Doctoral Research

The Prime Minister Fellowship for Doctoral Research is a Central Government scheme in India. It supports meritorious PhD students. Scholars receive a monthly stipend of INR 70,000.

CSIR-UGC JRF Net Fellowship

For people pursuing PhD studies or research in the life sciences, chemical science, engineering, earth and atmosphere, and allied subjects, there is a fully financed program called the CSIR-UGC JRF NET Fellowship. Candidates must pass the CSIR-conducted National Entrance Test (NET) to be eligible. For two years, the fellowship offers a monthly stipend of between INR 20,000 to INR 31,000.

Conclusion 

A philosophy doctorate, or PhD, is a three- to six-year doctorate program. You can choose your field of interest from a range of specializations, such as the humanities, business, science, management, computer science, and law, and can pursue a PhD.  The annual fee ranges from INR 80,000 to INR 1,20,000 depending on the university. Entrance exams like the DBT-JRF, CSIR-NET, and UGC-NET/JRF must be passed to be admitted. These exams are followed by an interview or viva.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

⭐ what is the cost of a phd in india.

The annual cost of private PhD programs ranges from Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 3.5 lakhs. Public programs cost between Rs. 10,000 and Rs. 50,000 annually.

⭐ What is the cost of earning a PhD in the USA?

Prices differ by nation. Self-funded PhD candidates in the UK must pay between 3,16,592 and 6,33,128 per year for students from within the country and up to 18,99,396 for those from outside.

⭐ Can I finish my PhD in two years?

A few students finish their doctorates in just two years. A select few outstanding pupils complete in a year. This is uncommon and necessitates a solid academic resume before beginning.

⭐ How long does a PhD take?

Four to six years are usually needed for a PhD, depending on the program, institution, and subject matter.

⭐ Who is eligible to pursue a PhD program?

A Master's or M.Phil. degree in operational research from the UGC- recognized university, or any other accredited university, must be earned with at least 55% of the possible points.

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NEWS... BUT NOT AS YOU KNOW IT

Man wrongly jailed for 17 years ordered to pay £100,000 in ‘bed and board’ fees

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Those who have been wrongly jailed in ‘historic’ miscarriages of justice have been told they must pay the costs for time spent in prison.

Victims such as Andrew Malkinson, who was wrongly imprisoned for 17 years, have been told the costs for ‘bed and board’ will be deducted from their compensation payments.

Malkinson was wrongly jailed for raping a woman while working as a security guard in Salford, Greater  Manchester , in 2003.

Last year, former Justice Secreatary Alex Chalk got rid of the policy which made deductions from payouts to wrongly imprisoned victims.

But now, the government has said those who already had payouts cannot claim back money that was deducted from them previously.

One such example is Paul Blackburn, who spent 25 years wrongly imprisoned. He received compensation in 2011 for his suffering – but £100,000 had been taken out to cover ‘rent and food costs’ he would have paid if he was a free man.

Blackburn said the £100,000 was calculated on the ‘assumption’ he would have never worked as a free man, and received benefits – which he says is ‘punishing him twice’.

He told BBC Radio 4 he may legally challenge the government: ‘It’s just compounding things isn’t it? Just do the right thing. Just put things right.’

Paymaster General Nick Thomas-Symonds has said it is ‘standard’ that the government doesn’t apply changes to policy retrospectively.

It’s the latest blow to those who have been wrongly imprisoned and are seeking compensation.

Malkinson previously told BBC Breakfast the state ‘have the power to do the right thing but they chose to take their time.’

Trying to access compensation he was ‘encountering nothing but barriers’ because of the law, he told the Guardian.

He also criticised the refusal to adjust the cap on compensation of £1,000,000 ‘despite it not increasing with inflation since it was first introduced in December 2008,’ he  wrote .

A Ministry of Justice spokesperson told  Metro.co.uk  in a statement: ‘Andrew Malkinson suffered an atrocious miscarriage of justice which is why the Lord Chancellor has launched an inquiry into what happened, has scrapped the ‘saved living costs’ deduction from compensation and is changing legal aid rules so this form of compensation may be discounted from eligibility criteria.

‘Mr Malkinson is free to apply to the Miscarriage of Justice Application Service for compensation and this will not affect or delay his plans to sue the police.’

Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at [email protected] .

For more stories like this, check our news page .

MORE : Nearly half of HMP Wandsworth prisoners are using drugs, report finds

MORE : Prison officer filmed having sex with inmate has ‘found God’

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Money blog: Is this the end of the British pub?

Welcome to the Money blog, your place for personal finance and consumer news and tips. Read our deep dive into the demise of the British pub below - and we'll be back with live updates on Monday. As always, you can comment on anything we're covering in Money below.

Saturday 10 August 2024 09:21, UK

Weekend Money

• Is this the end of the British pub?
• Reader comments : How to eat a Twix properly, the best crisps of all time and the deterioration of chocolate bars compared with 1980/90s
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By Brad Young , Money reporter

Mourning his mother's death and celebrating her life at the Old Neighbourhood Inn was the obvious choice for Martin Leach, 72, from Chalford Hill, near Stroud. 

The wood-beamed pub opposite his home had been woven into the fabric of the village for 150 years, so it made sense for 90 friends and family members to gather there in 2015 to say their final goodbyes to Nellie "Lilian" Leach. 

But seven years later, the village would say goodbye to the Old Neighbourhood too; its only pub shuttering its doors in a scene playing out hundreds of times over across the UK – and at an accelerating pace. 

"Entirely pissed off," said Mr Leach, when asked how he felt about the closure of the pub, which had once played host to local bands, mobile bakeries, artisan vendors and an affectionate black Labrador. 

"The pub was all that was left to represent that [village] community, and that's gone. And I think it's important to have that sense of community otherwise we just turn into a bunch of hamsters in cages."

Some 239 pubs closed in England and Wales during the first three months of the year, according to government figures – 56% more than in the same period in 2023. 

"There's a sense of death by a thousand cuts or 'what fresh hell is this?'" said Dr Thomas Thurnell-Read, a sociology expert at Loughborough University who has extensively researched pub closures. 

"Everything cumulatively is building up and that's why, sadly, there isn't a magic bullet for the problems in the sector."

Gen Z's changing habits 

Young people are more health and fitness conscious and more time-poor than their parents were, said Dr Thurnell-Read. 

The financial burden of university is rising, meaning students are taking part-time jobs and reducing the social time when drinking habits could form, he said. 

Freshers' week, once a party-filled gateway to three years of drinking, has become a box to tick and leave behind. 

"A generation of young people are finding other ways to socialise without automatically reaching for alcohol."

COVID played some part in this trend, said Dr Thurnell-Read. His students who started their degrees during social restrictions don't routinely go for big nights out or spontaneous, post-lecture pints. 

Between 2011 and 2022, the proportion of non-drinkers increased from 16% to 19%, according to Drinkaware's analysis of NHS data.

It's a trend driven by 16-24-year-olds (26%) and resisted by adults aged between 55 and 64 (14%).

Less cash, more alternatives 

"The younger generation don't drink as much. That's definitely a noticeable thing, but I don't think anyone really does any more. I don't really see the culture of when people used to go out and drink – like properly drink," said Simon Goodman, 44, owner of the Duke of Cumberland Arms, Henley.

The publican, who has been in the industry for 18 years, said that trade between the start of the year and the start of summer was "the quietest I have ever seen it". 

"People just weren't around. It's very bizarre after being in the business like this for so long."

The public have little money left over after paying their bills and more places to spend it, said Tom Stainer, chief executive of the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA). 

This was a trend that began in 2003, when the Licensing Act gave new types of venues the right to sell alcohol, not just pubs and clubs. 

Now the cost of living crisis looms large. One in five people who would usually go weekly to pubs and restaurants said they were doing so less often in a survey by consultancy firm CGA in April.

At the same time, skyrocketing rents and mortgages have led to a squeeze on leisure time, with people spending longer commuting in order to afford homes in cheaper locations, added Dr Thurnell-Read. 

"The big shift I think has been home entertainment. One of the other effects of COVID was it showed everyone how easy it was to get just about everything delivered to your front door," Mr Stainer said. 

This is a setback profoundly familiar to the manager of the Queen Inn, Great Corby, in Carlisle, which closed on 30 June.

Punters thinned out because they had a "vast amount of options at their fingertips" at home and supermarket alcohol was significantly cheaper, said Katie Wilkinson.

"It's a big shame," Ms Wilkinson said: "It means the village won't have a pub anymore and a lot of people rely on coming in each night for that social aspect."

She said this was particularly important for older people: "They see each other every night and now they won't.

"I think as we move forward more and more smaller village pubs will be closing."

The real estate incentive

As pubs become less profitable, companies that own the land are knocking them down to cash in on the real estate value "time and time again", said Dr Thurnell-Read.

"Pubs are being closed against the will of the people who run them and often against the will of the community who need them."

One of those community members is Tricia Watson, who moved to Chalford Hill, Stroud, as a new mum and used the Old Neighbourhood as a hub to connect with other parents. 

Now a Stroud district councillor representing the area, she has joined a campaign group fighting to stop the landlord's plans to convert it into a residential property. 

The Old Neighbourhood has been deemed an asset of community value under the 2011 Localism Act, meaning local groups like the Chalford Hill Community Benefit Society must be given time to make a bid to buy it for the community. But, ultimately, the owner can reject it. 

"The asset of community value regulations are absolutely toothless. So any community that wants to keep their pub going is at the mercy of the markets," she said, adding the site is worth £300,000 more as housing than as a pub. 

Without outside support, community efforts to purchase closing pubs have a success rate of less than 10%, according to the Plunkett Foundation, a charity promoting community-owned businesses. 

"Sadly that picture is very recognisable," said CAMRA's Mr Stainer. "It was recognisable pre-COVID and COVID has accelerated the process."

He added: "I think a lot of property owners are being tempted to take the fast buck."

Pub companies often finance buying pubs in such a way that they need to make big returns to service the debts, which can either be done by raising rents or selling off parcels of land, he said. 

"It is the tenants and the pubs that suffer because they are the ones that get chucked out of their business and often their homes."

'Daily struggle' of doing business 

The last four years have been "incredibly intense" for the industry, said Emma McClarkin, chief executive of the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA). 

She lists off some of the "thousand cuts" Dr Thurnell-Read was referring to: the pandemic, war in Ukraine, pressures on supply chains, the energy crisis, cost inflation and customers who are far worse off than they were 2019.

Mr Goodman, of the Duke of Cumberland Arms in Henley, lists the impacts of these wounds: "The price of food, alcohol, wages, electric, gas - it's never ending." 

He said: "It is definitely the trickiest the industry has ever been I think. It is a daily struggle."

Food costs in particular have been "insane since the beginning of the year", rising by at least 15%, and in some cases doubling since 2019.

And they are completely unpredictable: "The prices can just change overnight, quite drastically as well."

It's not just food. Despite wholesale energy costs easing, Ofgem research published in March found 88% of hotel and catering businesses were still concerned about the impact of energy prices on their business. 

Fixed energy contracts have come to an end at five Cornish pubs run by Chris Black and his husband Jason, who face new tariffs costing 25% to 50% more.

"Pubs are not particularly energy efficient. I think that can be a massive factor in where money is basically being wasted quite easily," said Mr Black, 39.

He went on to echo an argument being made across the industry: while world events may not be in the government's gift, taxation is, and pubs are being "overly taxed". 

"I don't think there has been enough done to support pubs and that's evident in the number of pubs that are closing," he said. 

Alcohol duty, a tax levied on booze, is worth approximately 54.2p in a pint of 5% ABV draught beer (38p in a 3.5% pint, 75.9p for 7%).

Food and drink served in pubs is also subject to 20% VAT (though this was reduced to 5% and 12.5% at different stages of the pandemic). 

Pubs contribute 2.5% of all business rates collected by the government, but generate 0.5% of total business turnover, which CAMRA and the BBPA argue equates to a £500m overpayment. 

Taken together, Ms McClarkin estimates £1 in every £3 goes "straight to the tax man". 

COVID loans hangover and WFH 

During his research, Dr Thurnell-Read was told by many publicans they could have survived COVID or the cost of living crisis – but not both. 

The term perfect storm is overused, but for CAMRA's Mr Stainer, it's the only appropriate description. 

The pandemic burned through pubs' savings and forced them to take on more debt, just before the cost of energy and ingredients rose dramatically and the amount of money customers had to spend plummeted. 

Now, loans taken out and rents deferred during COVID are being called in, said Mr Stainer. 

"Many pubs have survived COVID but maybe are in danger of not surviving the long-term effects of the lockdown."

Introduced in March 2020, the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan was a scheme whereby the government would encourage banks to loan up to £5m to businesses by guaranteeing 80% of the money and paying any interest or fees for the first year. 

"It is definitely a contributing factor to these failures, the inability to be able to pay back these loans," said Ms McClarkin, of the BBPA.

She said some smaller brewers had gone into administration because they "simply cannot pay them back". 

Loans aren't the only COVID hangovers facing pubs, according to Ms McClarkin: "Working from home culture has definitely damaged the pub sector, to the point where some pubs simply don't open Monday, Tuesday."

The pub lunch has dwindled in cities and big towns, and some establishments are choosing to close early on weekdays and open earlier on weekends, she said, as customers switch to less frequent outings. 

Fewer, more costly staff

Staffing has been a problem since Brexit, says Jane Pendlebury, chief executive of the Hospitality Professionals Association (HOSPA). 

She explained the end of freedom of movement has made it more difficult to find staff - and choose the right ones. 

"The friendliness, the smiles, charm, the willingness to pour a drink or deliver some food with a smile on your face will take them [pubs] a long way, but... if you can't get the right staff then you're not going to be delivering that." 

Minimum wage increases, while great for workers, have added to the outgoings for struggling pubs, she said. 

April's increase (£1.02-£1.26 more per hour for each employee) will see the sector's salary bills rise by £3.2bn, according to trade body UKHospitality. 

"People's wages have gone up, and that's absolutely acceptable and they should go up, but when it all adds up in this industry, when do you start going out and you're paying over £50 on a steak?" said Mr Goodman, of the Duke of Cumberland Arms. 

Cornish publican Mr Black said: "We've run a lot tighter on labour to try and keep the cost down because labour costs can be real money down the drain if you've got too many staff on at the wrong times."

Exhaustion 

For HOSPA's Ms Pendlebury, it's important to remember pubs are run by people – and they have a limit. 

"People that run pubs, own pubs, are just exhausted. 

"They were enormously under pressure [during COVID] and then as the guests came back, they were more difficult to deal with because their expectations were so high.

"So I think they are at their wits' end."

It's the smaller, more independent pubs that are closing, she said.

The scale of pub companies means more favourable borrowing rates, supply-chain priority and better value for money when bulk buying stock like menus, cutlery and loo roll, she said. 

They may have their own property managers – rather than more costly local tradespeople - and staff to manage their online reputation. 

"If it's all chains then we would, probably, ultimately lose some of our character as a country," said Ms Pendlebury.

It's not all bad

Walk across the River Ver, St Albans, north of London, almost 1,000 years ago and you would have seen the same building where Ronan Gaffney serves pints today. 

Pop into Ye Olde Fighting Cocks for an ale 400 years ago and you might even have bumped into Oliver Cromwell, who was said to have spent a night at the inn during the mid-1600s.

But centuries of history could not save the pub in February 2022, when the Fighting Cocks, the only inn to be officially recognised as the oldest in Britain, closed (though this was a title so disputed in the industry that Guinness dropped the category entirely in 2000).

Mr Gaffney, 27, and his colleagues lost their jobs in the pub where he – and generations before him - bought his first pint. 

But this isn't the story of another lost community asset: the pub reopened two months later, and Mr Gaffney was there to welcome the community back – with a promotion. 

The establishment's manager and head chef had banded together to take over the lease with a third business partner.

"It was super rewarding being able to reopen the doors and have been back in," said Mr Gaffney, now general manager.

"It was lovely to see the local community come in and say they're glad we're open again. A lot of people do have a lot of memories in this pub."

The pub is now in a much for comfortable position, though they must remain "very cautious on a daily basis", he said. 

He put its success down to attention to detail, big events, pricing and luck.

Bars can't get by on day trade anymore: birthdays, weddings and other large bookings are essential, he said.

"That is definitely one thing that our pub is not only very good at, but we're also almost reliant on it for a certain amount of our turnover."

Unless your pub is next to a train station, food is a must: "Being a simple boozer any more doesn't really seem to exist." 

He said he pays close attention to how staff are trained, products are bought and prices are set.

A lot of alcohol and food will return very slim – if any – margins, so you've got to make up for it on soft drinks, crisps and nuts, he said.

The same applies to the low and no alcohol products that have become so popular among younger people as they steer away from heavy drinking.

"It was quite strange," said Mr Gaffney. 

"It's not too rare for a pub to close or reopen these days, but it was quite rare to be able to be on both sides of that."

By Daniel Binns, business reporter

On Monday, stock markets around the world plummeted amid fears the US might slump into recession.

The UK's FTSE 100 closed down more than 2%, its worst day since July 2023. In the US, the S&P 500 index slid 3%, while Japan's Nikkei 225 plunged more than 12% - its biggest fall since "Black Monday" in October 1987.

It followed US jobs data, which came in much lower than expected for July, sparking fears of a recession in the world's largest economy.

If a recession was to play out (and that's a big if) there would be consequences around the globe, many negative but not all...

Concern over the strength of China's economy and several weak earnings reports from major tech firms added to the jitters, but from Tuesday onwards  stock markets started to slowly recover , making some gains as investors' worries calmed.

This was given further momentum on Thursday with the release of more jobs data - this time US figures showing a bigger-than-expected drop in jobless claims, alleviating - though not ending - fears of recession. 

More official US data on areas such as jobs and inflation in the coming months will help us get a better idea about the state of the country's economy and whether the recession worries this week were an over-reaction – or bang on the money.

The recovery in the stock market came as the pound's value also began to slowly climb back over the week.

It had dipped after an interest rate cut from the Bank of England last Thursday.

Generally, higher interest rates tend to attract foreign investors looking for more return on their money - lower rates are unappealing and can decrease a currency's value.

On Monday,  £1 could buy you $1.2811 or €1.1677 before its value against both fell.

But by Friday afternoon, Sterling had managed to climb back up to $1.2755 – not quite a full recovery but much better than its lows earlier in the week. 

It means those heading to the US will now get less buck for their bang, compared with if they had exchanged their cash last week.

However, the pound's strength against the Euro on Friday was almost back to where it was at the start of the week, valued at €1.677 by the markets. So those who exchanged money during the week may have got worse exchange rates, compared with those who waited until this weekend.

Several readers got in touch to ask how a US recession might impact exchange rates and holiday money - we took a look here...

The picture could be changed again next week when a few significant economic moments will play out in the UK.

Jobs data on Tuesday and inflation figures for July on Wednesday will provide an updated sense of where we've got to in the cost of living crisis - and likely impact expectations for the direction of interest rates.

We'll also hear how the broader UK economy is doing with quarterly GDP figures on Thursday.

As always, we'll have everything you need to know here in the Money blog.

Each week we feature comments on the stories you're talking about.

Our Bring it Back feature this week looked at Cadbury's Spira, which back in the late Eighties featured six hollow tubes allowing discerning chocolate fans to use them as a drinking straw for hot drinks.

While many mourn its disappearance, one reader pointed out there are alternative chocolate bars for dipping...

RE: Using confectionary as a drinking straw. You have clearly never heard of using a Twix. Nibble off a small amount at either end - then dip one end into very hot tea and suck hard. It's like dunking a Twix from the inside out. Highly recommended - and no mess lol.  Paul C

Other readers commented...

Not a question, more a statement, please continue this worthwhile crusade to BRING BACK THE SPIRA. Thanks. Razor

Hi Bring it Back team, can you please ask Heinz to bring back Toast Toppers. Their posts on Facebook are always full of people begging them to bring them back and I think there are three petitions online but as yet no joy. Can you ask them please? Lovetoast

Good news, Lovetoast - we'll be focusing on this next week. 

More comments came in...

The greatest ever chocolate bar was the Cadbury's Fuse. I recall my wife, when we were courting in our youth, telling me in the mid-90s that a Cadbury's representative came into the Spar she was working at and said: "It is more than just a chocolate bar, it's a full meal." Shaun Fielding

Campbell's need to bring back condensed pea soup - think about vegetarians. I used to live on pea soup, then they decided to put ham in it. No other pea soup will do, they just don't taste the same. I have tried ordering it online but it has been discontinued.  Mandy63

Brannigans beef and mustard crisps were and still are the best I have ever had - there is not a crisp out there today that comes close in flavour. Mr S

Mr S, we're looking into this one too.

Burtons fish and chips. A wee packet of savoury biscuits. Currently available in salt and vinegar, but not in the original fish and chip flavour. A favourite of tuck shops and much loved by 1970s school children. Ruth Currie

Bring back the Aztec bar. Best bar ever. Young people have no idea just how short-changed they are with mediocre chocolate bars. Cadbury Marvellous Creations? What a load of rubbish!! RuthiePuthie

They need to bring back white Maltesers! I could never get enough of them, so much so I've not had a Malteser since! CEdwards

Walkers crisps. Bring back the small bags of your discontinued (last year) Worcestershire sauce flavoured potato crisps. It was, and always will be, Walkers' best flavoured crisp. R. Lyon

Please bring back Kellogg's Puffa Puffa Rice, best cereal ever!! I used to eat this cereal morning, noon and night. It tasted delicious! I really wish they would bring it back Doglover

Bring back the Pyramint! Dark chocolate shaped pyramid filled with mint flavoured fondant. Made by Terrys. Yum!!! JessElizabeth

Bring it back: Ketchup Pringles! They are the most delicious Pringles and other countries sell them but can only get them imported here very expensively. They should stop creating all these weird flavours and bring back the best one! Sooty

We need to bring back the Cabana Bar - a mix of coconut, cherries and caramel wrapped in chocolate. A treat that this generation are sadly missing out on - Bring it Back! Please. Gillian Mackay

Bring back Pacers! A bit like the shape and texture of Star Burst (previously Opal Fruits) but minty with white and green stripes! Never could understand why they stopped making them! LorWil

Cadbury should bring back the Secret bar. Very fond memories of being sent to the local shop to get one for my mum and then having the last bite. Francesca D

PLEASE can you harass the hell out of whoever has the power to bring the Secret chocolate bar back? It was so unique! Help a girl out (With many thanks). SecretAgent

I'd love to see the Texan Bar brought back. It was like a big Chomp and I loved it. Also, Cowan's Highland Toffee was another favourite that I don't think you can get anymore. And Riley's Toffee Rolls too, which were a bit like Eclairs but chewier! LupusAquatica

The Money blog is your place for consumer news, economic analysis and everything you need to know about the cost of living - bookmark news.sky.com/money.

It runs with live updates every weekday - while on Saturdays we scale back and offer you a weekend feature, a round up of what readers have been saying this week, and an overview of the biggest news.

Check them out this morning and we'll be back on Monday with rolling news and features.

The Money team is Bhvishya Patel, Jess Sharp, Katie Williams, Brad Young, Ollie Cooper and Mark Wyatt, with sub-editing by Isobel Souster. The blog is edited by Jimmy Rice.

ScotRail and Caledonian Sleeper staff have voted in favour of a walk-out in an ongoing dispute over pay, the RMT union has said.

Union members at the two publicly owned rail operators were separately balloted for strike action following a pay offer that was described by the union as "derisory".

Bexley has topped the list as London's cheapest area to rent .

The average rent in the southeast London region is £1,297 per month, a study by  BLG Development Finance and Online Marketing Surgery  found.

In second place is east London's Havering, with an average rent of £1,350 a month.

The most expensive average rent is in Kensington and Chelsea, with renters paying around £3,322 a month.

A secret advertising deal was struck between Google and Meta to boost Instagram's users, according to a Financial Times report . 

Google had worked on a marketing project for Meta aimed at targeting 13 to 17-year-old YouTube users with adverts promoting Instagram. 

That's despite Google's rules prohibiting personalising and targeting adverts to under-18s. 

Google has since cancelled the project after being contacted by the FT and investigating its claims.

The chocolate maker is giving customers the chance to star in one of its classic ads from the last 200 years with the use of AI.

As part of the AI-powered tool, users will be able to upload a selfie and select their era from one of seven Cadbury ads. 

Users can also select how they would like to be represented and the AI technology will then recreate their image.

Those who do give it a try will automatically be entered into a prize draw to win £200.

The My Cadbury Era campaign is being launched by the chocolate company's agency VCCP London to mark Cadbury's 200th anniversary this year. 

You can find out more here ...

Free Jude's ice cream is being offered for John Lewis reward members this summer.

Shoppers looking to indulge will be able to get one for free at The Place to Eat if they join the retailer's loyalty scheme .

The offer comes as a short-lived but intense spell of hot weather prepares to hit the UK this weekend, with temperatures expected to reach 33C in parts of the country.

The offer is valid until 27 September.

Eagle-eyed shoppers have noticed Heinz Ploughman's Pickle appears to have disappeared from supermarket shelves. 

The popular condiment might have been a favourite for your cheese sandwich, but there's bad news - Heinz has confirmed the product has, in fact, been discontinued. 

Concerned customer Sarah-Ann asked this on Twitter...

To Sarah-Ann's disappointment, Heinz replied: "Thanks for your message. Sorry to say but this product has now been discontinued."

So, is this one that should be brought back? 

We've been running a weekly series called Bring It Back where we look at the discontinued food items that you want back on our shelves. 

Here are the ones you've been calling for so far... 

Teachers and school support staff can now apply for a Blue Light discount card - but the sudden surge in demand has caused the official website to temporarily crash. 

The Blue Light card is a discount provided to emergency services, NHS workers, social care staff and members of the armed forces, and provides thousands of offers and discounts online and on the high street. It costs £4.99 to register for two-year access to more than 15,000 offers from large national retailers and local businesses. 

But it seems demand was so high, with teachers rushing to grab the card, that it promptly crashed the website.

"Due to the high demand we've seen over the last 24 hours we experienced some issues with our website and app," the organisation wrote on X. 

"Please accept our apologies for this error. We are in the process of refunding any duplicate payments and you should receive an email in the next 24 hours with more information." 

However, the move to accept teachers into the scheme has been met with some criticism. 

One A-level maths teacher wrote: "I'm not sure how I feel about this. Teaching can be hard, but we're not an emergency service, and our work isn't really in the same category as "blue light" jobs. If they're going to widen the eligibility criteria, it needs a name change, at the very least."

Another X user wrote: "This is precisely why fewer and fewer businesses accept the BLC. You really ought to rebrand to something like 'Key Worker Card'. The majority of jobs which meet your eligibility criteria are not 'blue light' roles -- the name 'BLC' is misleading now." 

But Blue Light Card hit back, saying: "Teachers are not just educators; they are mentors, guides and inspirations that are helping shape the future for our children. They are fully deserving members of our blue light community." 

What kind of offers can a Blue Light card get you? 

Among the offers is 12% off at Fenty Beauty and 15% off at Bose. 

Users can also get a £30 gift card if they spend more than £1,000 at British Airways or a £110 voucher if they sell their car via Carwow. 

Or if getting fit is more your thing, you can get 50% off an annual subscription to the Body Coach.  

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