APA Style for beginners
Then check out some frequently asked questions:
What is APA Style?
Why use apa style in high school, how do i get started with apa style, what apa style products are available, your help wanted.
APA Style is the most common writing style used in college and career. Its purpose is to promote excellence in communication by helping writers create clear, precise, and inclusive sentences with a straightforward scholarly tone. It addresses areas of writing such as how to
- format a paper so it looks professional;
- credit other people’s words and ideas via citations and references to avoid plagiarism; and
- describe other people with dignity and respect using inclusive, bias-free language.
APA Style is primarily used in the behavioral sciences, which are subjects related to people, such as psychology, education, and nursing. It is also used by students in business, engineering, communications, and other classes. Students use it to write academic essays and research papers in high school and college, and professionals use it to conduct, report, and publish scientific research .
High school students need to learn how to write concisely, precisely, and inclusively so that they are best prepared for college and career. Here are some of the reasons educators have chosen APA Style:
- APA Style is the style of choice for the AP Capstone program, the fastest growing AP course, which requires students to conduct and report independent research.
- APA Style helps students craft written responses on standardized tests such as the SAT and ACT because it teaches students to use a direct and professional tone while avoiding redundancy and flowery language.
- Most college students choose majors that require APA Style or allow APA Style as an option. It can be overwhelming to learn APA Style all at once during the first years of college; starting APA Style instruction in high school sets students up for success.
High school students may also be interested in the TOPSS Competition for High School Psychology Students , an annual competition from the APA Teachers of Psychology in Secondary Schools for high school students to create a short video demonstrating how a psychological topic has the potential to benefit their school and/or local community and improve people’s lives.
Most people are first introduced to APA Style by reading works written in APA Style. The following guides will help with that:
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| Handout explaining how journal articles are structured and how to become more efficient at reading and understanding them |
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| Handout exploring the definition and purpose of abstracts and the benefits of reading them, including analysis of a sample abstract |
Many people also write research papers or academic essays in APA Style. The following resources will help with that:
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| Guidelines for setting up your paper, including the title page, font, and sample papers |
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| More than 100 reference examples of various types, including articles, books, reports, films, social media, and webpages |
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| Handout comparing example APA Style and MLA style citations and references for four common reference types (journal articles, books, edited book chapters, and webpages and websites) |
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| Handout explaining how to understand and avoid plagiarism |
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| Checklist to help students write simple student papers (typically containing a title page, text, and references) in APA Style |
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| Handout summarizing APA’s guidance on using inclusive language to describe people with dignity and respect, with resources for further study |
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| Free tutorial providing an overview of all areas of APA Style, including paper format, grammar and usage, bias-free language, punctuation, lists, italics, capitalization, spelling, abbreviations, number use, tables and figures, and references |
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| Handout covering three starter areas of APA Style: paper format, references and citations, and inclusive language |
Instructors will also benefit from using the following APA Style resources:
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| Recording of a webinar conducted in October 2023 to refresh educators’ understanding of the basics of APA Style, help them avoid outdated APA Style guidelines (“zombie guidelines”), debunk APA Style myths (“ghost guidelines”), and help students learn APA Style with authoritative resources |
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| Recording of a webinar conducted in May 2023 to help educators understand how to prepare high school students to use APA Style, including the relevance of APA Style to high school and how students’ existing knowledge MLA style can help ease the transition to APA Style (register for the webinar to receive a link to the recording) |
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| Recording of a webinar conducted in September 2023 to help English teachers supplement their own APA Style knowledge, including practical getting-started tips to increase instructor confidence, the benefits of introducing APA Style in high school and college composition classes, some differences between MLA and APA Style, and resources to prepare students for their future in academic writing |
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| Poster showing the three main principles of APA Style: clarity, precision, and inclusion |
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| A 30-question activity to help students practice using the APA Style manual and/or APA Style website to look up answers to common questions |
In addition to all the free resources on this website, APA publishes several products that provide comprehensive information about APA Style:
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| The official APA Style resource for students, covering everything students need to know to write in APA Style |
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| The official source for APA Style, containing everything in the plus information relevant to conducting, reporting, and publishing psychological research |
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| APA Style’s all-digital workbook with interactive questions and graded quizzes to help you learn and apply the basic principles of APA Style and scholarly writing; integrates with popular learning management systems, allowing educators to track and understand student progress |
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| APA’s online learning platform with interactive lessons about APA Style and academic writing, reference management, and tools to create and format APA Style papers |
The APA Style team is interested in developing additional resources appropriate for a beginner audience. If you have resources you would like to share, or feedback on this topic, please contact the APA Style team .
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COMMENTS
Bullying victimization and perpetration, prevalent negative social events in the lives of many. , may degrade the opportunity for adolescents. o experience a meaningful life, butthis hypothesis. to date has remained un. ested. It is also unclear what may aid in the promotion ofmeaning. ant to understan.
at bullying in academic settings is a global problem that affects school perfo. ectsthe physical, social, psychological, and emot. onal wellbeing of students (Cynthia, 2014; Sekol, atbulli. d students develop fear and low self-confidence, which diminishes the personality traits i. , and thisleads to poor pe.
Physical bullying: such as hitting, slapping, kicking or forced to do something. Verbal bullying: verbal abuse, insults, cursing, excitement, threats, false rumors, giving names and titles for individual, or giving ethnic label. Sexual bullying: this refers to use dirty words, touch, or threat of doing.
characterized as bullying, at some point in their educational experience (Oliver, Young, & LaSalle, 1994). Adolescent problem behaviors such as bullying are not considered simple isolated events but part of a syndrome (Bosworth et al., 1999). This culture of bullying that persists, and is carried through the media like a well-marketed campaign for
Bullying can be in the forms of physical attacks, name-calling and more subtle. ways such as social isolation, direct bullying involving open attacks and threats. on a victim features the imbalance of power and aggressive nature of school. bullying, which may lead to more detrimental outcomes (p. 3). Bullying is often.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING TO SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING AND THE IMPACT ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT Sandy Larson, B.S., M.S. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2022 . Larson, Sandy.
bullying should not be underestimated. Bullying must be recognized, understood and taken seriously. The major objectives of this study were (i)To understand the nature of bullying(ii)To find out the causes of bullying(iii)To find out impact of pupil-on-pupil bullying on students 'learning.10 teachers and 40 students were
Bullying is. the intentional, repetitive harming or injury by one's peers; they are occurrences in which. the victim is unable to avoid or stop the victimization (Brank, Hoetger & Hazen, 2012). Bully and victimization have emerged as persistent problems in our schools (Rose &. Monda-Amaya, 2012).
mental health problems, cognitive function, self- regulation, and other physical hea lth problems. The long-term consequences of being bullied extend into adulthood. Consequences for Youth Who ...
PDF | Bullying is a complex social dynamic that can best be understood by using various theoretical frameworks. ... Thesis Database (UMI Number 9968089). ... Bullying is an intimidating behavior ...
bullying are interpreted, but also the mental health problems and academic achievement influence of victims who suffered from bullying are revealed in the result. 1. Introduction School bullying is the aggressive behavior of abusing power, which can be done by physical contact, words, gestures, or intentional exclusion [1]. It is considered the
bullying among students in a large town in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 2) to investigate forms of aggression (proactive and/or reactive) associated with bullying, and 3) to investigate which motive of aggression (power related and/or affiliation related) are associated with bullying behavior among the students (see methodology chapter).
bullying in school (Craig et al. 2000) andthose of students (Espelage & Swearer 2008). Since Dan Olweus' seminal work on bullying Aggression in the Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys (1978) and he has continued to provide an influential and persuasive body of work. Olweus' work centralised the idea that bullying was
Purpose of the Study. In recent years, there has been rising interest on the subject of bullying and bullying. intervention and prevention strategies. The purpose of this study is to recommend a program to. address and respond to bullying in schools by implementing a school wide social skills program.
School bullying and cyberbullying are complex phenomena, and a range of methodological approaches is thus needed to understand their complexity (Pellegrini & Bartini, 2000; Thornberg, 2011). Indeed, over-relying on quantitative meth-ods limits understanding of the contexts and experiences of bullying (Hong & Espelage, 2012; Patton et al., 2017).
Four forms of bullying are defined: physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying. Verbal bullying has been found to be the most common type of bullying, but relational and cyberbullying are on the rise (Sharp, 1995; Slonje & Smith, 2008). Demographic differences exist in bullying behavior and for the reasons behind bullying.
Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevalence. Patchin and Hinduja synthesized data from 35 peer-reviewed studies and estimated that an average of 24% of adolescents report being victims of cyberbullying and 17% of students report perpetrating cyberbullying (2012). These estimates are similar to that of traditional bullying, for
Cyber bullying is linked to psychological harm and suicidal thoughts or suicide among victims. It increases anxiety and emotional distress and in certain cases it results in self-mutilation as the victim tries to relief pressure or as a way of coping with this harassment against them. (kessel et al. 2008, 172.)
& Manz, 2003), exploring implementation issues of school-wide bullying prevention programming (Orpinas, Horne, & Staniszewski. 2003), reviewing laws and policies to address bullying (Limber ...
Verbal bullying can harmful in different ways as physical bullying. With verbal bullying, the goal is still to degrade and demean the victim, while making the aggressor look dominant and powerful. All bullying focuses on creating a situation in which the victim is dominated by the aggressor. And this can happen verbally as well as physically.
The four factors that cause bullying. behavior are, in general, bullying has. become a culture among students, physical. differences between perpetrators and. victims, enforcement of discipline by ...
Submit thesis/dissertation as a PDF for format review via email November 1, 2024 April 4, 2025 July 3, 2025 Submit Request for Examination to your Program Director or Dean to schedule final defense 2 weeks prior to exam No later than: November 8, 2024 2 weeks prior to exam No later than: April 11, 2025 2 weeks prior to exam No later than: July ...
Students use it to write academic essays and research papers in high school and college, and professionals use it to conduct, report, and publish scientific research. Why use APA Style in high school? ... (PDF, 199KB) Checklist to help students write simple student papers (typically containing a title page, text, and references) in APA Style.
PDF | On Dec 18, 2017, Marlou Tangalin and others published The Bullying Experiences and Classroom Discipline Techniques in an Urban National High School in the Philippines: A Basis for an Anti ...
Non-Discrimination and Anti-Bullying. Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, and Other Sexual Misconduct 50 Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, ... that they require a senior thesis and/or advanced course work. To be awarded the degree with honors in the field of concentration, the student must complete the honors requirements within ...
PDF | On Feb 10, 2021, Anjanette Dugenio and others published The Implementation of Anti-Bullying Law and its Implications to the Bullied Victims of Polytechnic University of the Philippines ...