thesis statement over pollution

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Developing Strong Thesis Statements

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The thesis statement or main claim must be debatable

An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people.

Example of a non-debatable thesis statement:

This thesis statement is not debatable. First, the word pollution implies that something is bad or negative in some way. Furthermore, all studies agree that pollution is a problem; they simply disagree on the impact it will have or the scope of the problem. No one could reasonably argue that pollution is unambiguously good.

Example of a debatable thesis statement:

This is an example of a debatable thesis because reasonable people could disagree with it. Some people might think that this is how we should spend the nation's money. Others might feel that we should be spending more money on education. Still others could argue that corporations, not the government, should be paying to limit pollution.

Another example of a debatable thesis statement:

In this example there is also room for disagreement between rational individuals. Some citizens might think focusing on recycling programs rather than private automobiles is the most effective strategy.

The thesis needs to be narrow

Although the scope of your paper might seem overwhelming at the start, generally the narrower the thesis the more effective your argument will be. Your thesis or claim must be supported by evidence. The broader your claim is, the more evidence you will need to convince readers that your position is right.

Example of a thesis that is too broad:

There are several reasons this statement is too broad to argue. First, what is included in the category "drugs"? Is the author talking about illegal drug use, recreational drug use (which might include alcohol and cigarettes), or all uses of medication in general? Second, in what ways are drugs detrimental? Is drug use causing deaths (and is the author equating deaths from overdoses and deaths from drug related violence)? Is drug use changing the moral climate or causing the economy to decline? Finally, what does the author mean by "society"? Is the author referring only to America or to the global population? Does the author make any distinction between the effects on children and adults? There are just too many questions that the claim leaves open. The author could not cover all of the topics listed above, yet the generality of the claim leaves all of these possibilities open to debate.

Example of a narrow or focused thesis:

In this example the topic of drugs has been narrowed down to illegal drugs and the detriment has been narrowed down to gang violence. This is a much more manageable topic.

We could narrow each debatable thesis from the previous examples in the following way:

Narrowed debatable thesis 1:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just the amount of money used but also how the money could actually help to control pollution.

Narrowed debatable thesis 2:

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just what the focus of a national anti-pollution campaign should be but also why this is the appropriate focus.

Qualifiers such as " typically ," " generally ," " usually ," or " on average " also help to limit the scope of your claim by allowing for the almost inevitable exception to the rule.

Types of claims

Claims typically fall into one of four categories. Thinking about how you want to approach your topic, or, in other words, what type of claim you want to make, is one way to focus your thesis on one particular aspect of your broader topic.

Claims of fact or definition: These claims argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact. Example:

Claims of cause and effect: These claims argue that one person, thing, or event caused another thing or event to occur. Example:

Claims about value: These are claims made of what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something. Example:

Claims about solutions or policies: These are claims that argue for or against a certain solution or policy approach to a problem. Example:

Which type of claim is right for your argument? Which type of thesis or claim you use for your argument will depend on your position and knowledge of the topic, your audience, and the context of your paper. You might want to think about where you imagine your audience to be on this topic and pinpoint where you think the biggest difference in viewpoints might be. Even if you start with one type of claim you probably will be using several within the paper. Regardless of the type of claim you choose to utilize it is key to identify the controversy or debate you are addressing and to define your position early on in the paper.

Essay on Pollution for Students and Children

500+ words essay on pollution.

Pollution is a term which even kids are aware of these days. It has become so common that almost everyone acknowledges the fact that pollution is rising continuously. The term ‘pollution’ means the manifestation of any unsolicited foreign substance in something. When we talk about pollution on earth, we refer to the contamination that is happening of the natural resources by various pollutants . All this is mainly caused by human activities which harm the environment in ways more than one. Therefore, an urgent need has arisen to tackle this issue straightaway. That is to say, pollution is damaging our earth severely and we need to realize its effects and prevent this damage. In this essay on pollution, we will see what are the effects of pollution and how to reduce it.

Effects of Pollution

Pollution affects the quality of life more than one can imagine. It works in mysterious ways, sometimes which cannot be seen by the naked eye. However, it is very much present in the environment. For instance, you might not be able to see the natural gases present in the air, but they are still there. Similarly, the pollutants which are messing up the air and increasing the levels of carbon dioxide is very dangerous for humans. Increased level of carbon dioxide will lead to global warming .

Further, the water is polluted in the name of industrial development, religious practices and more will cause a shortage of drinking water. Without water, human life is not possible. Moreover, the way waste is dumped on the land eventually ends up in the soil and turns toxic. If land pollution keeps on happening at this rate, we won’t have fertile soil to grow our crops on. Therefore, serious measures must be taken to reduce pollution to the core.

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Types of Pollution

• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution

How to Reduce Pollution?

After learning the harmful effects of pollution, one must get on the task of preventing or reducing pollution as soon as possible. To reduce air pollution, people should take public transport or carpool to reduce vehicular smoke. While it may be hard, avoiding firecrackers at festivals and celebrations can also cut down on air and noise pollution. Above all, we must adopt the habit of recycling. All the used plastic ends up in the oceans and land, which pollutes them.

So, remember to not dispose of them off after use, rather reuse them as long as you can. We must also encourage everyone to plant more trees which will absorb the harmful gases and make the air cleaner. When talking on a bigger level, the government must limit the usage of fertilizers to maintain the soil’s fertility. In addition, industries must be banned from dumping their waste into oceans and rivers, causing water pollution.

To sum it up, all types of pollution is hazardous and comes with grave consequences. Everyone must take a step towards change ranging from individuals to the industries. As tackling this problem calls for a joint effort, so we must join hands now. Moreover, the innocent lives of animals are being lost because of such human activities. So, all of us must take a stand and become a voice for the unheard in order to make this earth pollution-free.

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FAQs on Pollution

Q.1 What are the effects of pollution?

A.1 Pollution essentially affects the quality of human life. It degrades almost everything from the water we drink to the air we breathe. It damages the natural resources needed for a healthy life.

Q.2 How can one reduce pollution?

A.2 We must take individual steps to reduce pollution. People should decompose their waster mindfully, they should plant more trees. Further, one must always recycle what they can and make the earth greener.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Human Impact — Air Pollution

Essays on Air Pollution

As you embark on writing an air pollution essay, it's essential to structure your content effectively. Begin with the introductory paragraph, where you provide basic facts, statistics, and definitions to establish context. Depending on the scope of your essay, you may choose to focus on indoor or outdoor pollution. Tailor your introduction to set the tone and direction of your essay.

Delve into the heart of your essay by discussing the problem of air pollution and its sources. Explain why these sources exist and highlight the pollutants involved. Consider various air pollution essay topics, including respiratory issues, child health concerns, ozone layer depletion, and impacts on wildlife and cardiovascular health. From municipal waste management to green energy initiatives, explore potential solutions and effective strategies for mitigating pollution.

In crafting your essay, ensure you present a methodical approach and propose at least one viable solution to address the problem. Draw inspiration from examples of proposal essays, where statistical data and compelling facts enhance the narrative. Your main thesis statement should encapsulate the causes and effects of air pollution.

To add depth to your essay, consider discussing environmental issues in your local area and drawing comparisons to broader ecological challenges. Providing concrete examples and leveraging factual evidence will enrich your argument and make your essay more compelling.

Consider exploring examples of proposal essays on air pollution to gain valuable insights into structuring and presenting your ideas effectively. By incorporating relevant examples, factual information, and a persuasive argument, your essay will resonate with readers and contribute to greater awareness and action on this critical issue.

Hook Examples for Air Pollution Essays

Statistical hook.

Did you know that each year, air pollution causes over 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide? These startling statistics underscore the urgent need to address this global crisis.

Anecdotal Hook

Picture this: A bustling cityscape obscured by a thick haze of smog, where children play wearing masks. This is the stark reality faced by many urban areas grappling with air pollution.

Question Hook

How can we breathe easy when the air we inhale is increasingly toxic? Explore the consequences of air pollution and discover potential solutions to this pressing environmental issue.

Rhetorical Question Hook

Can we afford to ignore the invisible threat that hangs in the air we breathe? Delve into the hidden dangers of air pollution and its far-reaching impact on public health.

Quotation Hook

"The earth does not belong to us: we belong to the earth." — Marlee Matlin. Reflect on this thought-provoking quote as we delve into the environmental implications of air pollution.

Historical Hook

Travel back to the mid-20th century when air quality in major cities like London and Los Angeles was notoriously poor. Explore the historical context of air pollution regulation and its impact.

Definition Hook

What exactly is air pollution, and how does it differ from other environmental issues? Gain a clear understanding of this concept and its multifaceted nature.

Contrast Hook

Contrast the serene beauty of pristine landscapes with images of smog-choked cities. This stark juxtaposition highlights the importance of combating air pollution.

Narrative Hook

Step into the shoes of individuals living in heavily polluted areas and experience their daily struggles. Their stories shed light on the human side of the air pollution crisis.

Shocking Statement Hook

Prepare to be shocked by the surprising sources of indoor air pollution lurking within our homes. The danger may be closer than you think.

The Importance of Carbon Footprint

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Air Pollution: Causes and Effects

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Air Pollution: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

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Cases of Air Pollution in Malaysia

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Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.

Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Respiratory and heart problems, child health problems, mortality, global warming, acid rain, eutrophication, depletion of the ozone layer, negative effect on wildlife.

Policies and investments that support sustainable land use, cleaner household energy and transport, energy-efficient housing, power generation, industry, and better municipal waste management can effectively reduce key sources of ambient air pollution.

A child born today might not breathe clean air until they are 8. Inhaling air pollution takes away at least 1-2 years of a typical human life. Pollutants that are released into the air, as opposed to land and water pollutants, are the most harmful. Rising levels of air pollution in Beijing has brought a new disease – Beijing cough.

Relevant topics

• Water Pollution
• Ocean Pollution
• Fast Fashion
• Deforestation
• Natural Disasters
• Global Warming
• Climate Change

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Purdue OWL - Thesis Statements

Developing strong thesis statements, the thesis statement or main claim must be debatable.

An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people.

Example of a non-debatable thesis statement:

Pollution is bad for the environment.

This thesis statement is not debatable. First, the word pollution means that something is bad or negative in some way. Further, all studies agree that pollution is a problem, they simply disagree on the impact it will have or the scope of the problem. No one could reasonably argue that pollution is good.

Example of a debatable thesis statement:

At least twenty-five percent of the federal budget should be spent on limiting pollution.

This is an example of a debatable thesis because reasonable people could disagree with it. Some people might think that this is how we should spend the nation's money. Others might feel that we should be spending more money on education. Still others could argue that corporations, not the government, should be paying to limit pollution.

Another example of a debatable thesis statement:

America's anti-pollution efforts should focus on privately owned cars.

In this example there is also room for disagreement between rational individuals. Some citizens might think focusing on recycling programs rather than private automobiles is the most effective strategy.

The thesis needs to be narrow

Although the scope of your paper might seem overwhelming at the start, generally the narrower the thesis the more effective your argument will be. Your thesis or claim must be supported by evidence. The broader your claim is, the more evidence you will need to convince readers that your position is right.

Example of a thesis that is too broad:

Drug use is detrimental to society.

There are several reasons this statement is too broad to argue. First, what is included in the category "drugs"? Is the author talking about illegal drug use, recreational drug use (which might include alcohol and cigarettes), or all uses of medication in general? Second, in what ways are drugs detrimental? Is drug use causing deaths (and is the author equating deaths from overdoses and deaths from drug related violence)? Is drug use changing the moral climate or causing the economy to decline? Finally, what does the author mean by "society"? Is the author referring only to America or to the global population? Does the author make any distinction between the effects on children and adults? There are just too many questions that the claim leaves open. The author could not cover all of the topics listed above, yet the generality of the claim leaves all of these possibilities open to debate.

Example of a narrow or focused thesis:

Illegal drug use is detrimental because it encourages gang violence.

In this example the topic of drugs has been narrowed down to illegal drugs and the detriment has been narrowed down to gang violence. This is a much more manageable topic.

We could narrow each debatable thesis from the previous examples in the following way:

Narrowed debatable thesis 1:

At least twenty-five percent of the federal budget should be spent on helping upgrade business to clean technologies, researching renewable energy sources, and planting more trees in order to control or eliminate pollution.

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just the amount of money used but also how the money could actually help to control pollution.

Narrowed debatable thesis 2:

America's anti-pollution efforts should focus on privately owned cars because it would allow most citizens to contribute to national efforts and care about the outcome.

This thesis narrows the scope of the argument by specifying not just what the focus of a national anti-pollution campaign should be but also why this is the appropriate focus.

Qualifiers such as "typically," "generally," "usually," or "on average" also help to limit the scope of your claim by allowing for the almost inevitable exception to the rule.

Types of Claims

Claims typically fall into one of four categories. Thinking about how you want to approach your topic, in other words what type of claim you want to make, is one way to focus your thesis on one particular aspect of you broader topic.

Claims of fact or definition: These claims argue about what the definition of something is or whether something is a settled fact. Example:

What some people refer to as global warming is actually nothing more than normal, long-term cycles of climate change.

Claims of cause and effect: These claims argue that one person, thing, or event caused another thing or event to occur. Example:

The popularity of SUV's in America has caused pollution to increase.

Claims about value: These are claims made about what something is worth, whether we value it or not, how we would rate or categorize something. Example:

Global warming is the most pressing challenge facing the world today.

Claims about solutions or policies: These are claims that argue for or against a certain solution or policy approach to a problem. Example:

Instead of drilling for oil in Alaska we should be focusing on ways to reduce oil consumption, such as researching renewable energy sources.

Which type of claim is right for your argument? Which type of thesis or claim you use for your argument will depend on your position and knowledge on the topic, your audience, and the context of your paper. You might want to think about where you imagine your audience to be on this topic and pinpoint where you think the biggest difference in viewpoints might be. Even if you start with one type of claim you probably will be using several within the paper. Regardless of the type of claim you choose to utilize it is key to identify the controversy or debate you are addressing and to define your position early on in the paper!

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Essay Service Examples Environment Air Pollution

Air Pollution: Thesis Statement

1. Problem Statement:

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2. Literature survey:

3. objective:.

• To measure and display temperature, humidity level, and various gas levels like carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), NH3, and smoke in the environment and a particular area using the latest technology in trends. o, combine advanced detection technologies to produce air quality sensing systems with advanced capabilities to provide low-cost comprehensive monitoring.
• Involvement of various technologies like the Internet of things and open sources platform like Arduino for the easier monitoring of the gases in the environment.
• To display the sensed data in a user-friendly format in an LCD display panel for effective monitoring process and beeping of the buzzer when the detection process crosses the threshold value indicating risk.
• To make this monitoring process cost-effective with quick response, low maintenance, and the ability to produce continuous measurements using the Internet of things and a Wireless sensor network.

4 Methodology

5 proposed solutions:, 6 plan of remaining work:.

• 2/9/19 - 6/9/19
• Discussion of ideas and information among the group members.
• 9/9/19 - 13/9/19
• Going through various articles and resources and selecting the best possible idea suit.
• 16/9/19 – 20/9/19
• Study of the terms which are prerequisites to the project and involvement of deep study of the topic.
• 23/9/19 - 26/9/19
• Understanding various monitoring methods which are already implemented and are in use and studying their effective working.
• 30/9/19 - 4/10/19
• Working on the technologies being used for the monitoring process along with the other requirements to be used.
• 7/10/19 - 11/10/19
• Implementation of the technologies (IoT) over the desired module and hardware.
• 14/10/19 - 18/10/19
• Working on Arduino board and assembling various hardware components.
• 28/10/19 - 01/11/19
• Connection of hardware with the software implementation and its working
• 04/11/19 – 8/11/19
• Conclusions to be drawn on the basis of outcomes of the proposed system
• 11/11/19 – 15/11/19
• Submission of the project.

7 Current challenges:

8 project outcome -achievements:, 9 applications of the project:.

• Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
• Industrial Perimeter Monitoring
• Site Selection for reference monitoring stations
• Making the data easily available for the users

10 Future scope of work

• Interface more sensors to know the detailed content of the gases present in the air.
• Designing webpages and uploading the data on the web page making it user accessible easily.
• Interfacing of SD Card to store the data can be done
• Interfacing of GPS Module to monitor the pollution at the exact location and upload on the webpages.

References:

• G Spandana, Mr. Shanmughasundram R, “Design and Development of Air Pollution Monitoring System for Smart Cities”, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2018) IEEE Xplore Compliant Part Number: CFP18K74-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-2842-3
• S.Muthukumar, W.Sherine Mary, W.Sherin, Jayanthi.S, Kiruthiga. R, Mahalakshmi.M, “IoT-based air pollution monitoring and control system”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (CIRCA 2018) IEEE Xplore Compliant Part Number: CFP18N67-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-2456-2
• Temesegan Walelign Ayele, Rutvik Mehta, “Air pollution monitoring and prediction using IoT”, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT 2018) IEEE Xplore Compliant - Part Number: CFP18BAC-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1974-2
• Khaled Bashir Shaban, Abdullah Kadri, EmanRezk, “Urban air pollution monitoring system with forecasting models,” IEEE Sensors Journal Volume: 16, Issue: 8, pp. 2598 – 2606, April 15, 2016.
• Walter Fuertes, Diego Carrera, César Villacís, TheofilosToulkeridis, Fernando Galárraga, Edgar Torres, and HernánAules, “Distributed System as the Internet of Things for a new low-cost, Air Pollution Wireless Monitoring on Real Time,” IEEE International Conferences on Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications, 2015.
• ShwetalRaipure. Deepak Mehetre, “Wireless Sensor Network Based Pollution Monitoring System in Metropolitan Cities,” IEEE on International Conference, 2015.
• Chen Xiaojun, Liu Xianpeng, XuPeng, “IOT- Based Air Pollution Monitoring and Forecasting System,” IEEE Conference December 2015.
• Bhavika Bathiya, Sanjay Srivastava, Biswajit Mishra, “Air pollution Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor” 2016 IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE) 19-21 December 2016, AISSMS, Pune, India.

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
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The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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The impact of air pollutant transport on air quality and human health in global and regional model applications

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• March 19, 2019
• Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
• As air pollution can travel long distance, change in emissions from one region influence air quality and associated premature mortality over others. This research uses ensemble-modeled concentrations of anthropogenic ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to quantify avoided premature mortality from 20% emission reductions of 6 regions (i.e. North America (NAM), Europe (EUR), South Asia (SAS), East Asia (EAS), Russia/Belarus/Ukraine (RBU) and the Middle East (MDE)) and 3 sectors (i.e. Power and Industry (PIN), Ground Transportation (TRN) and Residential (RES)) and evaluate the impact of interregional transport of precursor emissions from local (i.e. Kao-Ping air basin (KPAB)) and upwind air basin regions (i.e. North and Chu-Miao Air Basin (NCMAB), Central Air Basin (CTAB), Yun-Chia-Nan Air Basin (YCNAB), and Yi-Lan and Hua-Dong Air Basin (YLHDAB)) on O3 and PM2.5 air quality over KPAB. For health impact assessment, we estimate 290,000 (95% CI: 30,000, 600,000) premature O3-related deaths and 2.8 million (0.5 million, 4.6 million) PM2.5-related premature deaths globally for the baseline year 2010. Reducing emissions from MDE and RBU can avoid more O3-related deaths outside of these regions than within while reducing MDE emissions also avoids more PM2.5-related deaths outside of MDE than within. TRN emissions account for the greatest fraction (26-53% of global emission reduction) of O3-related premature deaths in most regions, except for EAS (58%) and RBU (38%) where PIN emissions dominate. For air quality impact assessment, anthropogenic emissions from upwind and local emissions can contribute 17% and 7% of daily maximum 8-hour O3 concentrations, respectively on the highest O3 day while 36.8% and 26.6% of 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations, respectively during the high PM2.5 days over KPAB, indicating that the upwind emissions play a significant role in KPAB O3 and PM2.5 concentration. The most effective emission control strategy can be approached by reducing upwind anthropogenic NOX emission along with local VOC emission for O3 while upwind anthropogenic NOX emission along with local primary PM2.5 emission for PM2.5. The result highlights the importance of long-range air pollution transport and suggests that emission reductions can improve air quality and have associated health benefits downwind. Therefore, regional cooperation to reduce air pollution transported over long distances may be desirable.
• December 2018
• Community multiscale air quality model (CMAQ)
• fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
• Decoupled Direct Method (DDM)
• Ensemble model
• Environmental science
• Environmental management
• Environmental health
• Long range transport (LRT)
• https://doi.org/10.17615/xzek-2c74
• Dissertation
• In Copyright
• Napelenok, Sergey
• Turpin, Barbara
• Vizuete, William
• West, Jason
• Doctor of Philosophy
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School

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Plastic Pollution and Its Harmful Effects Essay

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The article by Laura Paddison, “More than 170 trillion plastic particles found in the ocean as pollution reaches “unprecedented” levels”, published on March 8, 2023 in CNN, addresses the important topic of ocean pollution. The reporter claims that, according to a study by PLOS ONE, the weight of pollution of the world’s oceans with plastic particles is at least 2.3 million tons. At the same time, by 2040, the rate of plastic ingress will increase by 2.6 times, despite the fact that the level of current pollution is already unprecedented. Plastic pollution is dangerous for the inhabitants of the oceans, and releases harmful chemicals into the water. This state of affairs provokes an ecological catastrophe and poses a significant climate threat. The authors of the study emphasize that urgent intervention in international politics is needed to address this catastrophic situation.

The article is written in an informational tone and is a news report about a recent study. Paddison addresses this topic because of the important findings of the researchers and the relevance of the topic of ocean pollution to the entire global community. The author of the article emphasizes the contribution of scientists who used the method of collecting samples from all the world’s oceans, which proves the accuracy of their research. The resulting data included quantitative information that clearly demonstrated the severity of the problem. The main conclusion drawn was the need for immediate action to resolve the situation due to the toxic effects of ocean pollution on marine life and people. The article is written in simple language, understandable to the general public. By communicating the findings of a large study to readers, Paddison is contributing to raising awareness of a current threatening problem. Despite the fact that the author of the article does not directly express her own opinion, it becomes obvious that she supports the only correct solution to this situation in tightening the world policy regarding the production of plastic.

In conclusion, the article “More than 170 trillion plastic particles found in the ocean as pollution reaches “unprecedented” levels” presents the main findings of a recent study on ocean plastic pollution. Attracting public attention, the author reports on unprecedented levels of pollution in the world’s oceans. Both the article and the recent PLOS ONE study highlight the importance of tightening global politics and the combined efforts of countries to prevent an environmental catastrophe.

Paddison, L. (2023). More than 170 trillion plastic particles found in the ocean as pollution reaches “unprecedented” levels . CNN. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2024, March 3). Plastic Pollution and Its Harmful Effects. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-pollution-and-its-harmful-effects/

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IvyPanda . 2024. "Plastic Pollution and Its Harmful Effects." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-pollution-and-its-harmful-effects/.

1. IvyPanda . "Plastic Pollution and Its Harmful Effects." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-pollution-and-its-harmful-effects/.

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IvyPanda . "Plastic Pollution and Its Harmful Effects." March 3, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/plastic-pollution-and-its-harmful-effects/.

Band 6+: Water pollution has been an increasing problem over the last few decades. What causes water pollution? How can we prevent this problem?

Today, more than one-third of the world’s water supply is tainted by pollution and waste. Mass production from industrial businesses and the agricultural sector, are known to produce the greatest amount of sludge and chemical waste such as pesticides. This waste is often released into nearby streams and rivers, which will eventually harm aquatic life, and cause adverse effects on the quality of the environment. Governments could target and place sanctions on institutes and organisations that are found to generate major waste into waterways. This would result in companies becoming more mindful of their waste management, and lead to a reduction in water pollution.

Moreover, every country around the globe is a culprit to another major cause of water pollution. Plastic is the most produced material today, with approximately 400 million tonnes of plastic being produced annually. Plastic is a highly versatile material with a wide range of uses and benefits; however, a major downside to the plastic industry is that discarded plastic often ends up in waterways, and eventually in oceans. Once again, it is evident from the amount of news covered on plastic waste everyday, that plastic can harm marine life and disrupt ecosystems. Furthermore, because plastic is not fully degradable, the action of the water from the ocean and UV rays, can break down the plastic into microplastics. These tiny pellets can cause a phenomena called bioaccumulation, which can cause hormonal imbalance in animals which ingest the pellets. Over time, these microplastics will accumulate in our bodies as we consume seafood.

A promising solution to combat plastic pollution is promoting recycling and the reuse of plastics. Consumers should be informed about the importance of recycling plastic and be encouraged to adhere to recycling regulations. Governments could offer incentives to citizens. For instance, in Germany, plastic bottles are often bought back from the consumers via vending machines where a certain amount of money is offered back to people per bottle inserted. Additionally, major companies such as Coca-Cola have the responsibility to protect the environment as their products end up as plastic waste the most.

In conclusion, major corporations and agriculture are the main culprits of water pollution. However, the effects of the harm done to the environment can be reversed by cleaning up waterways and reducing plastic usage.

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