what is the difference between phd and professional doctorate

• October 11, 2023
• Education Advice

Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

UOTP Marketing

For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

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A Guide to Choosing and Applying to Ph.D. Programs

Learn everything you need to know about selecting and applying to Ph.D. programs. Learn tips and tricks for a successful application and find your ideal program today!

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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Comparing the differences between MD vs. PhD vs. professional doctorate

By Michael Feder

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

Reviewed by Marc Booker, PhD, Vice Provost, Strategy

At a glance

• MD is the abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. These are two types of doctoral degrees in addition to professional doctorates. 
• An MD is a doctoral degree for medical professionals, while a PhD is an academic degree focused on original research. Somewhat similar to a PhD are professional doctorates, which focus on applying practical research to problems in workplaces or communities.   
• A professional or practice-based doctorate (EdD, DBA, etc.) can be medical, and others are for scholar-practitioners in disciplines like education, business or psychology.
• University of Phoenix does not offer MD or PhD programs, but students can earn a doctorate in business, nursing, education or healthcare that allows them to build upon their industry expertise. Learn more about the differences between these degree programs and if one of the  five doctoral programs  at University of Phoenix is right for you !

What is a doctorate? Breaking down the three types

Some people might confuse an  MD (Doctor of Medicine)  with a  PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) , and vice versa. While both an MD and a PhD are prestigious degrees near the top of the  academic ladder , they each have a different meaning and come with very  different requirements .

Different still from both of those degrees are professional doctorates, which allow industry professionals to translate their education and experience into credibility and leadership through research. Professional doctorates have similar requirements to PhDs, such as a dissertation and residency, but focus on the application of research and professional growth over original research.

Upon graduation, those who have earned any of these three degrees can call themselves a “doctor,” but the path to a degree, the purpose behind it and its applications vary based on the choice. MD graduates want to work in medicine and healthcare. PhDs want to bring new knowledge and research to the world. A practice-based doctoral graduate wants to grow in their professional expertise. (If the last one sounds like you, University of Phoenix can help!)

Keep reading to learn more about these doctoral programs and which is right for you.

What does MD stand for?

MD is an abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and identifies a  medical practitioner  who has completed undergraduate studies and four years of medical school. An MD program teaches medical students about the human body and diseases through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on clinical labs.

Several  types of physicians  might have this degree, depending on their area of study. For example, medical practitioners with an MD degree might become a medical doctor and potentially specialize in dermatology, cardiovascular disease, family medicine, oncology, pediatrics, neurology or preventive medicine. As you can see, this degree  can lead to a variety of career paths , depending on which specialty interests you and what your medical education is.

Learn more about online doctoral degrees at University of Phoenix. 

How to earn an MD

Becoming a Doctor of Medicine  requires a significant investment of time and money, but the reward can be well worth it. Before medical school, you’ll need to  take the Medical College Admission Test  (MCAT ® ) and earn a passing score. You’ll also need to build a portfolio of coursework and experience to help you gain admittance to medical school.

Medical school typically takes students four years to complete. You’ll learn the latest techniques and approaches for patient assessment, diagnosis and treatment. Medical schools commonly provide a combination of classroom,  research and clinical experience . You’ll work alongside peers and healthcare professionals as you develop skills in general medicine.

You’ll choose a field to specialize in during your final year of medical school. Students have more than 120 options to choose from when specializing, including  primary care,   pediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine and family medicine .

After graduating, you’ll complete residency training to further develop skills in your specialty. Residency typically lasts three to seven years, depending on the field you’ve selected. During the residency portion of your education, you’ll treat patients under the supervision of more experienced physicians.

Even after you begin to practice as an MD,  the educational portion of your career never stops . As practices change, patient needs evolve and research continues, MDs benefit from ongoing education to stay current.

What does PhD stand for?

A PhD, or  Doctor of Philosophy , is a doctoral degree that recognizes graduates who have completed a full postsecondary program. Students can earn a PhD in more fields than philosophy. After completing the necessary coursework, original research and hands-on experience, you can earn a PhD in fields like science, the humanities and engineering.

Earning a PhD can help unlock a wide range of potential career opportunities. Computer engineers, research scientists, statisticians, healthcare administrators, professors, chemists and other careers commonly require a PhD degree, in addition to appropriate undergraduate study.

How to earn a PhD

Becoming a PhD is also a  serious commitment  that requires an investment of  time, money and energy .

Here is what’s typically required to become a PhD:

• Complete a bachelor’s degree in your field
• Complete a master’s degree in an appropriate field
• Pass any program entrance exams
• Fulfill coursework, research and hands-on lab requirements in your program
• Finalize and defend your dissertation as a  doctoral candidate  (unless your program specifies otherwise)

It’s important to note that many PhD  programs have different requirements , prerequisites and parameters for students. Check with your preferred institution for a more detailed explanation of these requirements.

What is a professional doctorate?

While some professional or practice-based doctorate programs are medical,  others are designed for professionals in other fields . These programs are meant for  scholar-practitioners  in disciplines like education, business or psychology. One of the key differences between this degree and a PhD is the focus on applying research to a professional setting rather than conducting theoretical and research-focused studies. Often, programs are differentiated as academic versus professional.

Examples of doctoral degrees are Doctor of Education, Doctor of Nursing Practice and Doctor of Business Administration. Each of these programs focuses on a specific discipline and applying research in those areas to a professional setting.

How to earn a doctorate

While  practitioner doctoral programs  teach different skills, they all share common requirements. You’ll need to  complete a bachelor’s degree  in your field and sometimes a master’s degree, depending on program requirements.

After completing the necessary coursework and research, students also typically need to finish a supervised thesis and defend their dissertation or capstone project-specific coursework, research and hands-on labs alongside other students in the same field. However, this will depend on the specific program and its requirements.

What does the title “Dr.” really mean?

The term “doctor” or “Dr.” is commonly used today to describe a wide variety of occupations. Students who complete a doctoral degree can earn the title of “Dr.” even though they earned their credentials in a non-medical field like education or business management.

While a variety of professionals can earn a doctorate, the term is often still  reserved for medical practitioners . In conventional use,  doctors typically refer to medical physicians . However, it is appropriate to use “Dr.” if you graduated from any of the three programs discussed above.  

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What is doctoral candidacy?

Practitioner doctoral degree programs at university of phoenix.

While University of Phoenix (UOPX)  does not have  MD or PhD programs, it does offer several professional doctoral degrees that can be earned completely online. Students might choose the UOPX programs because classes are flexible and offered online, and because of the University’s unique “ Scholar-Practitioner-Leader model .”

If you are curious about a doctoral degree, the following programs are available at UOPX:

• Doctor of Business Administration  — This doctorate can help you gain strategic vision and skills to position yourself as a business leader. It explores how to solve organizational problems, how to design and conduct research studies, how to introduce innovative business ideas to the industry and more.
• Doctor of Management   — This doctorate equips you with critical thinking skills to find creative solutions to complex problems.
• Doctor of Education  — This doctoral program prepares you to use analytical, critical and innovative thinking to improve performance and solve complex problems in education.
• Doctor of Health Administration  — If you’re a health professional who is seeking greater responsibility in shaping the future of the health sector, this doctorate can help you meet the challenges inherent to today’s healthcare landscape, including economic fluctuations, burgeoning patient needs and industry-changing legislation.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice  — This doctorate is designed for working nurses who require a doctorate for advanced practice or nurses who desire their terminal degree. It does not prepare students for professional certification or state licensure as a nurse or as an advanced practice nurse.

These doctoral studies are only some of the many options for professionals who want to gain the  highest academic credentials  in their fields. Doctoral programs offer significant benefits to program graduates, including  newly developed skills , insight into field trends, hands-on research opportunities and  leadership capabilities .

Completing a doctoral program is also a strong indication to employers that you’re serious about your career and your field. With so many options for advanced study, these programs are available for most major fields. Even if you have already completed a bachelor’s or master’s degree in your discipline, a doctorate lends further credibility to your reputation and  can help prepare you for a leadership position .

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Michael Feder is a content marketing specialist at University of Phoenix, where he researches and writes on a variety of topics, ranging from healthcare to IT. He is a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University Writing Seminars program and a New Jersey native!

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Doctorate vs. PhD: Understanding the Key Differences [2024]

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree, you may wonder about the differences between a doctorate vs. PhD.

A doctorate and a PhD are both terminal degrees that allow you to develop specialized knowledge and skills in your chosen field. But these degrees typically have different areas of focus, requirements, and career outcomes.

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Understanding the difference between PhD and doctorate can help you pick the degree that most aligns with your career aspirations and interests.

What’s the Difference Between Doctorate vs. PhD Degrees?

A doctorate and a Ph.D. are the highest college degrees students can earn. Graduates of both types of programs receive the title of “doctor” and may qualify for specialized careers in their fields.

But, while doctorate programs focus on professional competencies and knowledge, PhD programs prioritize academic research.

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctorate degree is a professional degree that enables students to become experts in a specific field or industry. This degree focuses on applying academic research and theories in the workplace to improve performance and solve problems.

Courses vary by field and program but typically emphasize professional skills like collaboration, leadership, and project management. Additionally, many doctorate programs require students to complete a capstone project that addresses real issues affecting their industry.

Graduates often qualify for advanced administrative, leadership, and managerial positions in their fields.

What Is a PhD Degree?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is an opportunity to strengthen your academic research skills and generate original knowledge. This degree trains students to become independent scholars who conduct cutting-edge research in their areas of expertise.

PhD curriculums cover advanced concepts and theories in a discipline. They also teach students qualitative and quantitative methodologies to design studies and conduct research. Additionally, most PhD programs require students to produce a dissertation that contributes fresh knowledge to the field.

Current professionals with PhDs often work as academic researchers and professors. They may also secure government and industry jobs.

Key Differences Between a PhD vs. Doctorate Degree

What’s a PhD degree ? What’s a doctorate degree? The main difference between a doctorate and a PhD is their area of focus. A doctorate prioritizes applied knowledge and professional skills, while a PhD emphasizes academic research. Let’s compare some more differences between a professional doctoral degree vs. PhD.

A doctorate enables students to become expert practitioners in their discipline. Students study existing concepts and theories and learn how to apply these ideas in the workplace.

By contrast, a PhD prepares students to conduct innovative research and educate others.

Goals and Outcomes

Doctorate programs help prepare students for senior administrative and leadership positions in their industries. They also help students enhance their professional competencies and tackle industry-specific challenges.

Students who pursue PhDs aim to advance their disciplines by generating new knowledge. They may also publish peer-reviewed research and teach undergraduate courses.

Student Population

Doctorate degrees are designed for current or aspiring working professionals who want to become industry leaders. These programs also enable students to increase their knowledge and credibility.

PhD programs attract students who want to expand their knowledge of research methodologies and theories. These learners also frequently pursue academic careers.

Admissions Requirements

Doctorate and PhD programs typically require students to have bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Additionally, prospective doctorate students may be asked to provide evidence of work experience, while PhD students might demonstrate their research abilities with a writing sample.

Program Length

Requirements vary by program, but full-time students typically complete a doctorate in 3 to 5 years. Programs that require a capstone project may take longer. For those considering quick degrees, a number of universities now offer accelerated doctoral programs online .

PhD programs often take 4 to 7 years to finish. The speed at which students research and write their dissertations can significantly impact the timeline.

The curriculum for doctorate programs typically centers on practical skills and contemporary issues in the field. Topics may include communication, ethics, and leadership.

PhD programs offer classes on research methods, theories, and disciplinary trends. Students also learn how to write journal articles and present at conferences.

Assessment and Completion Requirements

Doctorate and PhD students both complete 2 or more years of coursework. They also demonstrate their knowledge during comprehensive exams.

Doctorate students may produce a capstone project that applies their knowledge to real problems. By contrast, PhD students write dissertations based on original research.

If You Have a PhD, Are You a Doctor?

Is a PhD a doctor ? While graduates who earn a PhD are referred to as doctors, a PhD is different from a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Doctors with MDs are medical doctors who can legally prescribe medications, perform surgery, and treat patients. They typically apply existing medical knowledge instead of conducting research. Doctors with PhDs don’t have any of these abilities. Instead, they have specialized knowledge and perform academic research in a particular field.

PhD or Doctorate Degree – Which Is Right for You?

Understanding the difference between a doctorate and a PhD can help you select the right degree for you.

Professional doctorate degrees help students become leading practitioners and problem solvers. By contrast, PhD degrees enable students to hone their research skills and learn advanced concepts. Both degrees allow you to enrich your understanding of your chosen discipline or profession. They also help you boost your credentials and develop new skills.

After you decide between a doctorate degree vs. PhD, you can explore program options from accredited schools to find the best fit.

What is a PhD?

• Types of Doctorates
• A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest globally recognized postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award.
• PhDs are awarded to candidates who undertake original and extensive research in a particular field of study.
• Full time PhD programmes typically last three to four years, whilst part time PhD programmes typically last six to seven years.
• A PhD can lead to an academia teaching role or a career in research. A PhD can also equip you with skills suitable for a wide range of jobs unrelated to your research topic or academia.

Definition of a PhD – A Doctor of Philosophy (commonly abbreviated to PhD , Ph.D or a DPhil ) is a university research degree awarded from across a broad range of academic disciplines; in most countries, it is a terminal degree, i.e. the highest academic degree possible.

PhDs differ from undergraduate and master’s degrees in that PhDs are entirely research-based rather than involving taught modules (although doctoral training centres (DTCs) offer programmes that start with a year of lecture-based teaching to help develop your research skills prior to starting your project).

In most English-speaking countries, those that complete a PhD use the title “Doctor” (typically abbreviated to Dr) in front of their names and are referred to as such within academic and/or research settings. Those that work in fields outside of academia may decide not to use the formal doctor title but use post-nominal letters (e.g. John Smith PhD); it’s unusual though for someone to use both the Doctor title and post-nominal letters in their name.

PhD vs Doctorate

A PhD and a professional doctorate are both research-based terminal degrees.

However, where a PhD focuses on original research mostly around theoretical concepts, a professional doctorate focuses on examining existing knowledge to solve real-life, practical problems.

While there is much crossover between the two, a PhD is generally better suited for an individual to wants to advance the knowledge and understanding in their field, and a professional doctorate degree is better suited to a working professional who wants to better be able to apply knowledge and understanding to their field.

What Are the Entry Requirements for a PhD?

To be accepted on to a PhD programme, students usually need to hold at least a high ( 2:1 and above ) undergraduate degree that is related to the field of research that they want to pursue. A PhD candidate may also be expected to hold a Master’s degree , however, this does not mean you must have one, as it is still possible to enrol into a PhD without a Master’s .

Self-funded courses may sometimes be more relaxed in relation to entry requirements . It may be possible to be accepted onto a self-funded PhD programme with lower grades, though these students typically demonstrate their suitability for the role through professional work experience.

Whilst a distance learning project is possible , most PhD candidates will carry out their research over at least three years based at their university, with regular contact with two academic supervisors (primary and secondary). This is particularly the case for lab-based projects, however, some PhD projects require spending time on-site away from university (e.g. at a specialist research lab or at a collaborating institution abroad).

How Long Does a PhD Take?

Typically, full-time PhDs last 3-4 years and part-time PhDs last 6-7 years. However, at the discretion of the university, the thesis writing-up period can be extended by up to four years.

Although most doctoral programmes start in September or October, they are generally much more flexible than taught-courses and can start at any time of the year.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Tuition fees for UK and EU students vary between £3,000 and £6,000 per year, with the average tuition fee of £4,712 per year for 2023/24 programmes.

Tuition fees increase considerably for international students, varying between £16,000 to £25,000 per year, with an average tuition fee of £19,600 per year .

Nonetheless, most students will secure PhD funding in the form of studentships, scholarships and bursaries to help pay for these fees. These funding opportunities can either be partial, which cover tuition fees only, or full, which cover both tuition fees and living expenses.

UK national students can also apply for Doctoral Loans from Student Finance England if they are unable to secure funding.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

What Does a PhD Involve?

To be awarded a PhD, a doctoral student is required to produce a substantial body of work that adds new knowledge to their chosen field.

A PhD programme will typically involve four key stages:

Stage 1: Literature Review

The first year of a PhD involves attending regular meetings with your supervisors and carrying out a search on previously published work in your subject area. This search will be used to produce a literature review which should set the context of the project by explaining the foundation of what is currently known within the field of research, what recent developments have occurred, and where the gaps in knowledge are. In most cases, this will be an extension of your research proposal should you have produced one as part of your application. The literature review should conclude by outlining the overarching aims and objectives of the research project. This stage of setting achievable goals which are original and contribute to the field of research is an essential first step in a successful PhD.

The supervisor is the main point of contact through the duration of a PhD – but remember: they are there to mentor, not to teach, or do it for you . It will be your responsibility to plan, execute and monitor your own work as well as to identify gaps in your own knowledge and address them.

Stage 2: Research

The second year (and prehapse some of your third year) is when you work on your research. Having identified novel research questions from your review of the literature, this is where you collect your data to help answer these questions. How you do this will depend on the nature of your doctoral research: for example, you may design and run experiments in a lab alongside other PhD students or visit excavation sites in remote regions of the world. You should check in regularly with your supervisors to update them and run any ideas or issues past them.

Have the structure and chapters of your thesis in mind as you develop and tackle your research questions. Working with a view of publishing your work will be very valuable later on.

Stage 3: Write up of Thesis

The next key stage of a PhD is writing a doctoral thesis , which typically takes from anywhere between three months to one year. A thesis is a substantial body of work that describes the work and outcomes of the research over the previous two to three years. It should tell a detailed story of the PhD project – focusing on:

• The motivations for the research questions identified from the literature review.
• The methodologies used, results obtained, and a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the findings.
• A detailed discussion of the key findings with an emphasis on the original contributions made to your field of research and how this has been impactful.

There is no universal rule for the length of a PhD thesis, but general guidelines set the word count between 80,000 to 100,000 words.

For your thesis to be successful, it needs to adequately defend your argument and provide a unique or increased insight into your field that was not previously available.

Stage 4: Attending the Viva

A viva voce , most commonly referred to as just a ‘ viva ‘, is an interview-style examination where the PhD student is required to engage in a critical appraisal of their work and defend their thesis against at least two examiners. The examiners will ask questions to check the PhD student has an in-depth understanding of the ideas and theories proposed in their thesis, and whether they have developed the research skills that would be expected of them.

The viva is one of the final steps in achieving a PhD, and typically lasts at least two hours, but this duration can vary depending on the examiners, the university and the PhD project itself.

Once you have done the viva – you’re on the home stretch. You will typically be asked to make some amendments to your thesis based on the examiner’s feedback. You are then ready to submit your final thesis for either:

• PhD – If you pass the requirements you will be awarded a PhD degree (most common outcome),
• MPhil – If you failed to meet requirements for a PhD, you may be downgraded to an MPhil degree (uncommon outcome),
• Fail – No award is given, typically for cases of plagiarism (extremely uncommon outcome).

What Is It Like to Undertake a PhD?

We’re often asked what it is like to undertake a PhD study. Unfortunately, this isn’t a simple answer to this question as every research project is different.

To help give insight into the life of a PhD student, we’ve interviewed PhD students at various stages of their programmes and put together a series of PhD Student Interviews . Check out the link to find out what a PhD is like and what advice they have to offer you.

What Are the Benefits of A PhD?

A PhD is the highest globally recognised postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award. The degree, which is awarded to candidates who demonstrate original and independent research in a particular field of study, is not only invaluable in itself, but sets you up with invaluable skills and traits.

Career Opportunities

First, a PhD prepares you for a career in academia if you wish to continue in this area. This takes form as a career in the Higher Education sector, typically as a lecturer working their way to becoming a professor leading research on the subject you’ve studied and trained in.

Second, a PhD also enables the opportunity for landing a job in a research & development role outside of the academic environment. Examples of this include laboratory work for a private or third sector company, a governmental role and research for commercial and industrial applications.

Transferable Skills

Finally, in possessing a PhD degree, you can show to employers that you have vital skills that make you an asset to any company. Three examples of the transferable skills that you gain through a PhD are effective communication, time management, and report writing.

• Communication – presenting your work in written and oral forms using journal papers and podium presentations, shows your ability to share complex ideas effectively and to those with less background knowledge than you. Communication is key in the professional environment, regardless of the job.
• Time management – The ability to prioritise and organise tasks is a tremendous asset in the professional industry. A PhD holder can use their qualification to demonstrate that they are able to manage their time, arrange and follow a plan, and stick to deadlines.
• Report writing – Condensing three years of work into a thesis demonstrates your ability to filter through massive amounts of information, identify the key points, and get these points across to the reader. The ability to ‘cut out the waffle’ or ‘get to the point’ is a huge asset in the professional industry.

Aside from the above, you also get to refer to yourself as a Doctor and add fancy initials after your name!

What Can I Do After a PhD?

One of the most desirable postdoctoral fields is working within independent Research and Development (R&D) labs and new emerging companies. Both industries, especially R&D labs, have dedicated groups of PhD graduates who lead research activities, design new products and take part in crucial strategic meetings. Not only is this a stimulating line of work, but the average salaries in R&D labs and emerging start-ups are lucrative. In comparison, an undergraduate with five years of experience within their given field will, on average, likely earn less than a new PhD graduate taking on a R&D position.

It’s a common misunderstanding that PhDs only opens the door for an academic career such as university lecturers and training providers. Although obtaining a PhD opens these doors, the opportunities extend far beyond educational roles. In fact, recent data from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicates only 23% of PhD graduates take a position in educational roles . This low percentage is primarily because PhD graduates have a wide range of skills that make them suitable for a broad spectrum of roles. This is being seen first hand by the increasing number of PhD graduates who are entering alternative roles such as research, writing, law and investment banking.

How Do I Find a PhD?

We appreciate that finding a PhD programme to undertake can be a relatively daunting process. According to Higher Education Student Statistics , over 22,000 PhDs were awarded in 2016/17 within the United Kingdom alone. Clearly there are a huge number of PhD programmes available. This can sometimes be confusing for prospective doctorates, particularly when different programmes are advertised in different places. Often, it is difficult to know where to look or where to even start. We’ve put together a list of useful sources to find the latest PhD programmes:

• A great place to start is with our comprehensive and up-to-date database of available PhD positions .
• Assuming you are still at university, speak to an existing PhD supervisor within your department.
• Attend as many postgraduate open days as you can. Whilst there, speak to current PhD students and career advisors to get an awareness of what PhDs are on offer.
• Visit the postgraduate section of university websites and the PhD Research Council section of the UKRI website.

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Doctorate vs PhD: What’s the Difference?

Quick Highlights:

• Professional doctorates and PhDs differ in focus , duration , and potential career earnings .
• Both are doctoral degrees, but a PhD is specifically academic and focused on original research.
• Professional doctorates (like an Ed.D, M.D., DBA) are applied and tailored to specific professions.
• In most cases, you’ll need to complete a bachelor’s and a master’s degree before pursuing a doctoral degree.

In the academic world, achieving a doctoral degree represents the highest level of study within a field. These degrees grant their recipients not only more knowledge within their particular field, but also more respect and more upward mobility in their careers. 

Is a doctorate a PhD? Often, the terms doctoral degree and doctor of philosophy, or Ph.D., are used interchangeably. This isn’t 100% accurate, though. There are subtle but important differences that set a doctoral degree apart from a Ph.D. degree. These differences are critical to understand before you plan your own path through higher education.  Doctorate vs PhD, what is the difference ?

Related:  How to Prepare for your Graduate School Interview

What Is a Doctoral Degree?

A doctoral degree is a general term for a terminal degree that usually is awarded when someone pursues their studies beyond the level of a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. Doctoral degrees can be awarded in any number of fields, from education and English literature to chemistry and calculus.

Doctoral degrees typically come in two forms:

• a professional (also known as applied doctorate)
• an academic doctorate

Related: What is a Terminal Degree?

What is an Applied Doctorate Degree?

Professional or applied doctorate degrees qualify someone to work in a specific profession. This includes things like:

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

Degree holders with a professional doctorate degree are qualified to work at the highest level within their field. 

These professional degrees require academic research. It will culminate in a dissertation which must be defended in front of a group. A dissertation, like a thesis, is a lengthy and involved paper that incorporates research and applies a theory to make advances within the field.  

Some of the most common fields for a professional doctoral program are:

• Physical therapy
• Osteopathic medicine
• Occupational therapy
• Educational leadership
• Medicine 

We’ll discuss a few of the most common professional doctorate degree programs below.

Related: What Is The Difference Between College and University?

An Ed.D. is a professional doctorate for educators with teaching and administration responsibilities as well as those working in nonprofits and governmental agencies. These programs offer advanced leadership training which can help students advance their career. Students learn effective strategies to solve real-world problems they’ll encounter out in the field.

Ed.D. programs do not follow a standard curriculum. Each program is unique, and many can be tailored to meet the needs of each individual student. Some are offered online while others follow a more traditional format.

Doctor of Business Administration

The DBA is a professional degree for business professionals. These programs build upon the skills taught in an MBA program. Students are often accomplished executives who want to be better, more innovative business leaders.

DBA students conduct practical research that directly applies to the business world. Students will develop new insights and solutions to business challenges.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Psychology is an area where students can choose to complete either a Ph.D. or a PsyD degree. A PsyD degree emphasizes the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This degree is growing in popularity for several different reasons:

• Completion time is often less than a traditional PhD
• Specialization options
• Opportunity to complete a dual degree (MSW or MPH are popular)

The PsyD focuses on practice over research so students begin working on fieldwork sooner in the program. This hands-on experience is valuable as students begin to build their professional portfolio.

Related: Best Online Doctorates in Psychology

An M.D. is the degree of choice for students planning a career in medicine. These highly competitive and rigorous programs include the classroom and intensive training students need to join the medical field.

M.D. programs usually require students to complete four years of medical school followed by a residency. The residency can take between two and five years depending on the area of medicine.

While an M.D. degree requires a significant commitment of time and money, the investment plays off with a high salary and job security.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

An O.D. an expert in primary eye care. They diagnose and manage diseases and disorders of the eye. An O.D. degree can take between eight and nine years of education beyond high school. Students take classes in areas like:

• gross anatomy
• neuroscience
• biochemistry

An optometrist can determine if an individual needs corrective lenses or contacts to improve their vision. They can check for signs of glaucoma or other degenerative eye conditions. In some states, an optometrist can prescribe certain medications.

Regardless of the individual field that you pursue, you can know that a doctoral degree will make you a highly qualified candidate for upper level positions in your field. 

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Degree?

Academic doctorates, on the other hand, are degrees that qualify someone to study, research, or teach at the highest level in his or her field. At some schools, like Franklin University, professional doctorates are referred to as an application oriented-degree while Ph.D.s, or academic doctorates, are referred to as research degrees. 

A Ph.D. is actually a specific type of doctoral degree. This means that rather than being completely separate from one another, Ph.D.s are really just a specific subtype of the umbrella term “doctorate degree.” 

A Ph.D. is an academic degree focused on original research and the application of new ideas to existing knowledge. This research based degree emphases research skills that allow student to contribute to the advancement of their field. Lots of people falsely believe that a Ph.D. is limited to fields in the social sciences. This is likely due to the word “philosophy” in the title. Rather than meaning philosophy in the modern sense, though, the word philosophy in a Ph.D. refers to its Latin origins, meaning “love of wisdom”. 

The reality is that Ph.D.s are research degrees available in many fields. Some of the most common degree fields for a Ph.D. include:

• Applied mathematics
• Accounting and finance
• Biomedical engineering
• Chemical engineering 
• Clinical psychology
• Computer science
• Counseling psychology
• Data analysis

No matter what kind of Ph.D. you undertake, you will always graduate from a Ph.D. program with a high level of competence, respect, and mobility within your career field. 

How To Apply for a PhD vs Doctorate Program

Once you’ve made the choice between a professional degree versus doctorate , you’ll need to figure out how to apply to your chosen program. Because Ph.D. programs are simply a specific type of a doctorate program, the application process varies more by school than it does by degree type. 

In general, when you apply to a doctoral program, you’ll need to have already completed a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. In many cases, your bachelor’s degree can be in any field. It does not need to be related to the field you’re pursuing at the professional level. In most cases, your master’s does need to be related in some way. 

If it’s not, there’s a strong likelihood that you’ll need to complete some prerequisite graduate-level classes before you can apply for your doctorate program. You’ll need to check with each program about the prerequisites before you apply. 

Once you’re sure that you meet the prerequisites required of a doctoral student, you’ll also need to get your application materials. Generally this means:

• transcripts from your undergrad and graduate school coursework
• letters of recommendation
• an essay or statement of purpose
• recent GRE or GMAT scores

Again, application requirements will vary by school so you’ll want to check directly with those you’re applying to. 

PhD vs Doctorate Degree: Which is Longer?

The amount of time it takes to complete your doctorate vs PhD degree will largely depend on what work you’ve done before it, and whether you’ll be pursuing it part-time or full-time. If you have completed a master’s in the field already, you will need to complete fewer credits to complete the doctoral degree. 

At some schools, there is an option to combine your master’s with your doctorate degree. These accelerated programs usually allow you to take a year of study off your total commitment.

Still, terminal degrees are no small time commitment. Most degrees take anywhere from five to eight years to complete when pursued full-time. In general, Ph.D. programs tend to take slightly longer than professional doctorates. For example, to complete a doctor of education (Ed.D.) degree, doctoral students must complete at least 60 credits. In contrast, Ph.D. students completing a Ph.D. in Education must complete 90 credits. 

Earning Potential of a Professional Doctorate vs PhD

While a professional doctorate and a Ph.D. are seemingly very similar, they do differ in terms of earning potential. 

This is likely because many Ph.D. programs lead to careers in teaching or research. These are two fields that are notoriously low in funding, unless you find one of the relatively less common highly paid positions in these fields. 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for a postsecondary teacher at colleges or universities is about $80,000. The average salary of postsecondary teachers in the field of scientific development and research is more, at nearly $110,000, and the average salary of a researcher in the field of medical science is nearly $90,000. 

Compare these salaries to those of professional doctorates like a medical doctor or a lawyer. A medical doctor earns an average salary of $208,000 while a lawyer receives an average salary of roughly $123,000. 

Doctoral Degree vs PhD: How Do They Stack Up?

While a Ph.D. is simply a subtype of doctorate, there are some distinct differences that set it apart from professional doctorate degrees. 

While Ph.D.s are typically heavy on research, professional doctorates are heavy on application of knowledge to a specific professional field. The body of knowledge developed in a Ph.D. program may be slightly broader, while the knowledge built in a professional doctorate program is tailored more directly to a specific career. 

Both programs have similar application processes, but the Ph.D. program may take slightly longer to complete on average than the professional doctorate program does. Finally, professional degree PhD program graduates tend to earn slightly more than Ph.D. graduates. 

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctorate degree, you’ll need to consider a professional doctorate degree vs PhD. You’ll want to research your programs before applying. Sites like CollegeRank can help you to narrow your options by providing curated college rankings geared to a number of different factors, from campus size to return on investment, and more. 

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Postgraduate research

What is a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorates are equivalent to a PhD but have a focus on a specific professional context. Once you have completed your professional doctorate you will have the title of doctor.

We offer the following professional doctorate degrees:

• Doctor of Social Science (DSocSci)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD)
• Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy)

Professional degrees for professionals

These programmes are designed for professionals in the public, private, and third sectors. As with any other research degree, you will - with the advice and guidance of your personal supervisor - need to produce a piece of original research. The difference is that your research will be informed by your own professional practice and will usually seek to develop understanding that contributes to professional practice more broadly.

You will, therefore, need to have an interest in your professional context and be able to explore this through a structured research programme leading to you making an original contribution to understanding of that professional context.

A different kind of research degree

A key difference in the format of professional doctorates is that you will be required to undertake a greater number of research training and discipline-specific modules. Through these modules you will develop your understanding of theoretical issues relevant to your professional context and begin thinking about what you want to look at in your research and how you will do this.

International recognition

The UK professional doctorate is an internationally recognised and respected academic qualification and many of our professional doctorate graduates come from outside the European Union. Employers across the world recognise and value the quality of a UK university education; however, you should ensure that potential employers in your country recognise the professional doctorate qualification. You may need to obtain equivalency certification at your own expense in order for your degree to be recognised outside the European Union.

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We are proud to offer some of the best PhD and professional doctorate degree programs in Australia, representing groundbreaking research in business, psychology, design, engineering, health, IT, law, science, technology and more.

What is a PhD?

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy and is considered the highest postgraduate achievement you can earn. To complete a doctorate you must produce significant and original research. You’ll develop critical knowledge and understanding of a particular research area. 

A PhD is a doctoral degree with an academic focus. Under appropriate academic supervision, you’ll develop a significant, original piece of research, usually equivalent to 70,000 to 100,000 words.

Professional doctorate

While a PhD focuses on academic research, a professional doctorate makes a significant and original contribution to furthering professional practice. A professional doctorate consists of coursework and a thesis of between 70,000 and 100,000 words.

A new way to complete your PhD, that is unique to Swinburne. You will complete your PhD as part of a team of research students, from across a range of disciplines, to work collaboratively on a broad challenge identified by a partner. Each team member will focus on a different aspect of the problem. Your team might look at a new or developing innovation, with individual projects focused on areas such as:

• new technology
• challenges in community acceptance
• social impact
• new legal or regulatory frameworks
• ethical issues.

You’ll undertake research at the university as well as spending time immersed in the work environment of your industry partner. Through this, you'll simultaneously grow your knowledge of communication, leadership and business as well as develop your research skills. You’ll see first-hand the significance and impact your work can have.

Browse our PhD and professional doctorate degree courses

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What is the difference between a professional doctorate and a PhD.?

Key takeaways:, what is a doctorate, what is a phd degree.

• Understanding the difference between a doctorate and a PhD. 

Understanding the difference between a professional doctorate and a PhD.

Types of doctorate degrees, ready to elevate your career in counselling and psychotherapy, 1. what is a terminal degree, 2. what is a professional doctorate, 3. phd vs professional doctoral degree, 4. is a phd holder called a doctor.

While many often use the terms ‘doctorate’ and ‘PhD.’ interchangeably, there is a distinct difference between the two. In the simplest terms, a PhD. (Doctorate of Philosophy) is one specific type of doctorate.

All doctorate degrees require extensive schooling, represent elite expertise in a given field, and are administered by universities as the highest level of academic achievement. 

However, there are notable differences in the structure and purpose of a professional doctorate versus a PhD. While the research-focused PhD. (Doctor of Philosophy) trains future professors and scholars, professional doctorates like the JD (Juris Doctor) and MD (Doctor of Medicine) equip graduates for specialized careers through applied learning.

For an extensive breakdown of the differences between a PhD., a doctorate, and a professional doctorate, read on!

• A PhD. is a type of doctorate
• Doctorate degrees encompass a range of doctoral degrees, including the PhD.
• A PhD. is primarily research-oriented, while professional doctorate degrees are geared towards professionals in applied fields such as law or medicine. 
• Consider your career goals and interests when deciding which degree to pursue.

A doctorate, often referred to as a doctoral degree, is the highest academic degree universities award. No matter the field of study, completing a doctorate demands several years of intensive research and  a demonstration of one’s ability to contribute new theories, data, or solutions to their field.

Official definitions may vary slightly between countries and institutions. Still, a doctorate is characterized by the following key aspects:

• Level of Study: It is a postgraduate academic degree awarded after completion of higher-level study, research, and contribution to academic knowledge.
• Research Focus: The core component of a doctorate is significant original research. This research is usually presented as a thesis or dissertation, which must be defended before a panel of experts in the field.
• Duration : A doctorate takes approximately three to seven years to complete, depending on the field of study, country, and whether the student studies full-time or part-time.
• Advanced Knowledge and Expertise : The program is designed to develop advanced skills in conducting independent and comprehensive research. It equips candidates with the ability to contribute new knowledge or theories to their field of expertise.
• Qualification for Teaching and Research Positions : Holders of a doctorate degree are often qualified for advanced academic positions, such as university faculty roles, and are considered experts in their field.
• Variety of Fields : Doctorates are awarded in various disciplines, ranging from the humanities and social sciences to natural sciences, engineering, and professional fields.

A PhD., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctorate, and it is among the most well-known of all doctoral degrees. Generally, a PhD. is characterized by the following key elements:

• Research Focus : A PhD. is heavily centred on original research. The core of a PhD. program is the dissertation, a substantial piece of original research that contributes new knowledge or understanding to a specific field of study.
• Advanced Academic Study : It involves advanced study and research in a specialized field. This includes extensive coursework, examinations, and the research process leading to the dissertation.
• Duration: The time to complete a PhD. can vary significantly, typically ranging from 3 to 6 years, depending on the field of study, research complexity, and the institution.
• Scholarly Contribution : PhD. candidates must demonstrate a high level of scholarly expertise and contribute significantly to their academic discipline, often through publication in peer-reviewed journals.
• Dissertation Defense : A critical component of the PhD. is the defence of the dissertation before a panel of experts. This involves presenting the research and findings and answering questions to demonstrate expertise and depth of knowledge.

Understanding the difference between a doctorate and a PhD. 

While all PhD. degrees are doctorates, not all doctorates are PhD.s. As explained above, the term “doctorate” encompasses a broader range of disciplines beyond traditional academic and research-focused areas. In contrast, a PhD. is a specific type of doctorate that is tied closely to academia and academic research. 

Now that we have discussed the distinction between a doctorate – as a broad category – and a PhD., it’s necessary to unpack the key differences between professional doctorates and academic doctorates. 

Purpose and Focus

• PhD. (Doctor of Philosophy): This is predominantly a research-oriented degree. It is designed for individuals aiming to contribute original research and theories to their field of study, often targeting careers in academia, research, or teaching.
• Professional Doctorate : These degrees are more practice-oriented. They are tailored to apply advanced knowledge and skills directly to professional practices, such as medicine, law, business, or education.

Curriculum and Training:

• PhD. : The focus is on developing research methodologies, conducting in-depth studies, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community. The culmination of a PhD. is often the dissertation, which requires a significant contribution to the chosen field of study.
• Professional Doctorate: The curriculum often combines theoretical knowledge with practical application. Students may engage in research, but the emphasis is on applying existing knowledge to solve real-world problems in their profession.

Career Trajectories:

• PhD. Graduates : They are typically geared towards academic positions, such as professors, researchers, or scholars. They may also play key roles in policy development, consulting, or high-level research in various industries.
• Professional Doctorate Holders: They usually pursue advanced positions in their respective fields, like senior medical practitioners, high-ranking administrators in education, top-tier consultants in business, or practicing attorneys in law.

Nature of Research:

• PhD .: Research is often theoretical or experimental, aimed at expanding theoretical knowledge or understanding in a specific area.
• Professional Doctorate : Research tends to be more applied, focused on practical solutions, and directly relevant to the professional field.

If you’re looking to apply your knowledge and skills in a professional context, pursuing a professional doctorate may be the right choice for you. Each program has its own unique requirements, but they all share a focus on real-world applications.

For example, a professional doctorate program in business administration may require students to complete a research project that addresses a real-world problem faced by a specific company or industry. Similarly, a professional doctorate in nursing may require students to develop and implement a new clinical program or protocol in a healthcare setting.

Suppose you’re trying to wrap your head around the difference between a doctorate, a PhD., and a professional doctorate. In that case, it can be useful to compare the many different types of doctorates that exist. Here are a few examples:

In summary, understanding the differences between a doctorate, a professional doctorate, and a PhD. is crucial when aligning academic pursuits with career goals. If your interests lie in research and academia, opting for a PhD. route is likely your best bet. Conversely, if practical application and leadership in a professional realm appeal to you, a professional doctorate like a DBA or MD may be more suitable for you. 

Learn more about how Yorkville University’s Doctor of Counselling and Psychotherapy degree .

Request more information today and speak directly with one of Yorkville’s admissions advisors.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

A terminal degree is the highest degree that can be awarded in a particular academic or professional track. It is often considered an advanced degree , and in many fields, a doctorate serves as a terminal degree .

A professional doctorate is a type of degree program that combines advanced study with practical application in a specific field or industry, such as business administration . It differs from a traditional doctor of philosophy program by emphasizing real-world application of knowledge to meet career goals .

The primary difference lies in the focus and application of the degrees. A PhD primarily emphasizes original research and contributes to theoretical knowledge, while a professional doctorate places greater emphasis on applying research to professional settings and addressing real-world challenges.

Yes, a PhD holder is typically addressed as a doctor. The title “Doctor” is used to acknowledge their academic achievement and expertise in their field of study. This designation is a recognition of the extensive research and scholarly contributions made through their doctoral program.

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What is a professional doctorate?

August 16, 2023

Reading time:  2–3 minutes

A professional doctorate is a doctoral degree designed to help you perform the practical application of knowledge in real-world settings.

Put simply, the professional doctorate is a terminal degree at the doctoral level that is not a PhD. You may hear these degrees called “applied” or “practitioner” degrees.

What is the difference between a PhD and a doctorate?

A doctor of philosophy degree (that is, a PhD) is one of several types of doctoral degree, and all doctoral degree recipients may use the title “doctor” before their name in their professional field.

While all PhDs are doctorates, not all doctorates are PhDs. The primary difference is the type of research conducted in the independent research phase of the program.

For more details, explore the doctoral journey .

PhD students complete a research project that extends theory and uses new knowledge to solve a specific real-world problem. PhD students demonstrate this through a dissertation, which they must successfully defend to earn their degree.

Students working on a professional doctorate are expected to apply existing knowledge to a real-world problem in their workplace or community. Professional doctoral students demonstrate this through the completion of an applied research project presented in the form of a paper, a portfolio or even a dissertation.

Here’s an example. Although a doctor of philosophy in education (PhD) and a doctor of education (EdD) are both doctoral degrees, PhD students will focus on conducting research and extending knowledge in their specialty. In contrast, EdD students will apply existing knowledge to improve education systems.

What are some fields that offer a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorates can be earned in many different areas and professions, including business (DBA), education (EdD), public health (DrPH), nursing (DNP), psychology (PsyD), health administration (DHA), human services (DHS), information technology (DIT) and social work (DSW).

Why would I want to earn a professional doctorate?

There are many reasons to consider earning a professional doctorate.

Some career paths require a professional doctoral degree. A professional doctorate may also help you to advance your career skills or pursue other professional or personal goals.

Many who pursue a professional doctorate are motivated by personal goals. Whether they want to fulfill a lifelong aspiration, become a recognized leader in their field, teach at the college level – or they simply love to learn – doctoral students are passionate about their purpose and their professions.

Capella University offers PhD and professional doctorate degree programs in a variety of fields, from business and education to health sciences, psychology or information technology. Learn more about Capella’s online doctoral programs .

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PhD vs Professional Degree: Which One’s for Me?

Within the past 10 years or so, the number of professional degrees has dramatically increased.  This is particularly true in medical fields, which offer degrees such as DPT , DOT , and DNP ; in fact, even an MD is considered a professional degree.

What is the difference between a PhD and a professional degree? 

A PhD is first and foremost a research degree that is intensely focused on both scholarly and professional development. In contrast, a professional degree focuses more specifically on skills and knowledge necessary for success a particular profession, without as intense of a focus on research and other scholarly work.

Do I need a PhD to have the title of doctor?

In many cases, both PhDs and professional degrees come with the title of doctor.

Which degree is “better”?

Some people consider a PhD to be the highest level of education, which may make it a more prestigious degree; however, only you can determine which degree is superior to the other in terms of which degree would be better for you. Therefore, you should spend some time reflecting on your wants and needs for your degree. 

What’s the difference between a professional degree and a professional school?

In contrast, a professional degree refers to the type of degree and not to the type institution (i.e., professional school). Many public and private universities that are not professional schools offer professional degrees in addition to academic degrees. Again, you will have to decide whether a professional or an academic degree is most appropriate for you and your goals.

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PhD vs. Doctorate: Everything You Need to Know

Karla Ibarra is a content writer at Scholarships 360. She has worked as an English teacher and writing tutor. As a writing tutor, she has experience editing scholarships and college application essays. Karla graduated from Texas A&M University with a degree in Communication and a minor in English.

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Bill Jack has over a decade of experience in college admissions and financial aid. Since 2008, he has worked at Colby College, Wesleyan University, University of Maine at Farmington, and Bates College.

Maria Geiger is Director of Content at Scholarships360. She is a former online educational technology instructor and adjunct writing instructor. In addition to education reform, Maria’s interests include viewpoint diversity, blended/flipped learning, digital communication, and integrating media/web tools into the curriculum to better facilitate student engagement. Maria earned both a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature from Monmouth University, an M. Ed. in Education from Monmouth University, and a Virtual Online Teaching Certificate (VOLT) from the University of Pennsylvania.

Deciding whether or not a postgraduate education is something you want to pursue? It might be overwhelming to think about postgraduate education when you aren’t even sure what the difference between a PhD and a doctorate is. Learning about each will help you decide whether  a PhD or doctorate degree is best for you. Let’s get started!

What is a PhD?

“Doctor of Philosophy” is commonly referred to as a “PhD.”  A PhD is a kind of doctoral degree that focuses on theoretical research. “Theoretical” has to do with assumptions  that people have on a topic. The research explores ideas related to a particular subject rather than the practical application to real life. Earning a PhD is a popular option for those that want to pursue teaching at a university level.

What is a doctorate?

Doctoral degrees emphasize research and practical application. Students pursuing doctoral degrees often conduct observation based research in their chosen fields. Earning a doctorate degree often leads to research professional careers. An example of 

Which degree is “higher” academically? 

Both PhDs and doctorates are known as “terminal” degrees, meaning  they are the highest degrees you can earn. A PhD falls into the category of doctorate, so one is not “higher” than the other. 

See also : Everything you need to know about a doctorate degree 

Basic similarities and differences

As a PhD falls into the doctorate category, they share similar attributes. However, they are not completely the same. Here are some basic similarities and differences to help avoid confusing them.

Similarities

• The highest level of a graduate degree
• Requires rigorous research
• Students gain a deeper understanding of the area of study
• Able to teach as a professor at a university
• Must complete dissertations
• Leads to higher paying jobs

Differences

• Doctorates require a more hands-on approach to coursework
• PhDs follow a more theoretical approach
• Doctoral dissertations focus on real-world issues and how to apply them
• PhD dissertations use data to theorize and form hypotheses

Which one is more expensive: a PhD or a doctorate degree?

The cost of earning either a PhD or doctorate varies depending on many factors, such as institution attended  and years of completion. Nevertheless, the average price for a doctorate degree is about $114,300 . For a PhD, the average cost is about $98,800 total. 

See also: How much does a PhD cost?  

Key Takeaways

• Both a PhD and doctorate are the highest level graduate degrees one can earn
• PhDs focus on theoretical research while doctorates put theory into practice
• On average, PhDs require a more time to complete vs doctorate
• Salaries for PhD or doctorate degree earners vary depending on the career entered

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Professional Doctorate or Ph.D.: What’s the Difference and Which Is Better?

Understanding the differences between a professional doctorate and a Ph.D. is a lot more important than it used to be. That’s because the relatively new professional doctorate is growing in availability, which means it is likely growing in popularity, too.

As professional doctorates come into their own against the ever-popular Ph.D., it becomes a little more challenging to decide which one is better. While both are advanced degrees that can be great for your career, the key to answering the question of which is better starts with understanding what makes them different.   

Is a Professional Doctorate the Same as a Ph.D.?

Think of the professional doctorate (also known as an applied doctorate) and the Ph.D. as fraternal twins. They are similar, but not identical.

When it comes to similarities, both degrees are applicable to a variety of career paths, including faculty and adjunct educators and corporate professionals. Of course, some positions, such as teaching at a Tier 1 research institute, require a Ph.D. Other careers, such as analyst and consultant, do well by the applied doctorate degree.

A professional doctorate enables both subject mastery and field application whereas a Ph.D. typically is academically focused.

In short, the difference is application (professional doctorate) vs. academic (Ph.D.). Here’s a more detailed comparison of the two degrees:

Earning a doctorate is challenging and rewarding, but do you know what to really expect? Download this free guide for tips and insights to help you prepare for success.

Applied doctoral programs: 4 facts you should know.

Ultimately, only you can decide if an applied doctorate or a Ph.D. is better for you, so here are some things to know to help you decide which is right for you.

1. An applied doctorate can help you solve practical problems in your field. If new research isn’t your thing but evaluating the research of others to solve a problem, uncover an idea or innovate a solution, then an applied doctorate could be ideal.

An applied doctoral program will instruct you in the core technical aspects of quality research. It also will help you further develop and refine your communication skills and technological capabilities. With this type of terminal degree, you’ll be prepared to make logical, relevant connections between classroom learnings and real-world issues.

By combining both research and application, an applied doctorate’s research side can arm you with deeper insight, while the application side can help you make impactful organization-wide decisions to tackle issues, overcome challenges and leverage opportunities.

2. An applied doctorate can help you advance your field through applied research and development. Both the Ph.D. and the applied doctorate can help you advance your field. Both involve research.

The difference, then, is in who does the research, how the research is presented, and in what way the research is applied.

Primarily, Ph.D.s broaden their field by conducting new research and developing theories. Those who hold a professional doctorate, however, use existing theoretical research to tackle and solve challenges.

3. An applied doctorate offers non-traditional learners more flexibility. While there are exceptions, many Ph.D. programs require a full-time commitment.

If you’re looking for a professional doctorate to enhance your career and help move you to the next level without taking time off to pursue your education on a full-time basis, then an applied doctoral could offer the flexibility you need to earn it.

Here are a few things to look for as you explore both Ph.D. and applied doctorate programs:

• Online courses vs. on-campus classes
• Residency requirements
• Research focus
• Dissertation structure
• Doctoral student support and learning communities

Remember to choose the program that suits your learning style, as well as your personal and professional situation.

4. An applied doctorate can help you finish what you start. Let’s face it. It can be tough to finish a doctorate. The life changes accompanying Ph.D. studies can be disruptive and oftentimes overwhelming. Choosing the right research focus can be difficult and laborious. Financial stress, isolation, advisor process and more can be reason enough to abandon the program before completion. And the dissertation process? It can be downright intimidating. In short, earning a Ph.D. can be a long, arduous process.

An applied doctorate on the other hand, especially one that’s designed to be a 3-year, start-to-finish program, can prepare you to lead, innovate, and transform your organization. With a program that offers 360-degree support throughout the program, you’ll have the academic support and resources you need to be accountable to the program and yourself.

Professional Doctorate or Ph.D.: Which Is Right for Me?

Hopefully, you’re now better able to see the differences between a professional doctorate and a Ph.D.

The more you know about the differences–and your interests, goals, and ambitions–the more likely you are to make the best decision for your future. Just remember to prepare yourself mentally, emotionally, socially, financially and academically, and the right doctoral degree program will put you on a clear, straightforward path to earning your degree.

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What’S The Difference Between A Phd And A Professional Doctorate?

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PhD vs Professional Doctorate

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) and a professional doctorate are both doctoral degrees that require advanced study and research. However, the key difference lies in their focus and purpose.

A PhD is typically more research-focused and geared towards contributing new knowledge to a specific field. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and defending it before a panel of experts. Pursuing a PhD requires a deep dive into a particular subject area, pushing the boundaries of existing knowledge through rigorous academic inquiry.

Professional Doctorate

On the other hand, a professional doctorate is more practice-oriented and is designed to enhance professional skills and prepare individuals for leadership roles in their respective fields. It often includes coursework, practical training, and a final project or capstone. Professional doctorate programs emphasize the application of theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges, equipping students with the skills necessary to excel in their professions.

Course Structure and Content

In terms of course structure and content, a PhD program is usually more flexible, allowing students to tailor their research to their interests. The emphasis is on independent study and scholarly research, with students having the freedom to explore diverse avenues within their field of study. Conversely, professional doctorate programs may have a more structured curriculum with a focus on applied skills and knowledge relevant to professional practice. These programs often incorporate practical components and experiential learning opportunities to bridge the gap between theory and practical application.

Career Paths

While both a PhD and a professional doctorate can lead to advanced career opportunities, the career paths may differ. A PhD is often a prerequisite for academic and research positions, providing individuals with the credentials to pursue scholarly endeavors and contribute to the academic community through teaching and research. On the other hand, a professional doctorate may be more suitable for individuals seeking leadership roles in industries such as healthcare, education, or business. Professionals with a doctoral degree are equipped to lead organizational change, drive innovation, and make significant contributions to their respective fields.

When deciding between a PhD and a professional doctorate, it is essential to consider your career goals, research interests, and desired outcome. Both degrees offer unique opportunities for personal and professional growth, and choosing the right one depends on your individual circumstances and aspirations. Whether you aspire to become a leading expert in a specific academic field or a visionary leader in a professional setting, understanding the distinctions between a PhD and a professional doctorate will help you make an informed decision that aligns with your future aspirations and goals.

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Land your dream job, the difference between a masters and a doctorate.

Angel Eduardo

There are a lot of degree types out there, but they often fall into one of two camps: doctorates and master’s degrees.

Both graduate degree options offer a narrower educational focus than the undergraduate experience. The higher the degree, the longer it takes to earn and the more specialized is its focus. Today, we’re taking a closer look at master’s and doctorate degrees to highlight differences and help you determine which might be most useful to you in your social-impact career.

Master’s Degrees

Master’s degrees are more versatile than doctoral degrees and have a wide range of professional and academic applications. The most common master’s degrees are Master’s of Arts (M.A.) and Master’s of Science (M.S.) . Additionally, there are three types of master’s programs:

• Research Master’s degrees are typically for academic and applied research disciplines. Examples include a Master’s of Arts in Comparative Literature, and Master’s of Science in Biology. In some fields, earning a research master’s degree without going on to earn a Ph.D. restricts your professional options. Figure out what's best for you and your career trajectory by talking with professors or professionals in your field.
• Professional Master’s degrees prepare candidates for professional work by introducing practical skills and frameworks for understanding issues in their field. These degrees may also qualify a person to practice in their field. Examples include a Master’s of Social Work, Master’s of Architecture, or Master’s of Art in Teaching. Most of the degrees featured at Idealist Grad Fairs are professional master’s degrees supporting careers in the social good sector.
• Terminal Master’s degrees are the highest academic degree in their field. While some master’s degrees may serve as the first step towards a doctorate, others—such as a Master’s of Fine Arts in Creative Writing or a Master’s in Library Science—are as high as you can go for academic accreditation in those fields of study.

Before pursuing a master’s degree, candidates must have already earned a bachelor's degree. Master’s programs take one to three years to complete and consist of advanced-level courses and seminars. In some programs, students go on to research, write, and defend a master’s thesis. In professional master’s programs, the thesis is often replaced by final projects and exams.

Doctoral Degrees

The most common doctorate is the Doctor of Philosophy or PhD. These research doctorates prepare students to contribute to the collective knowledge base of the field and offers a unique opportunity for an individual to conduct intensive and prolonged research on a very particular topic, which often leads to publication.

With a PhD, many seek careers as professors and researchers, but may also pursue roles in the nonprofit, public, and private sectors. Additionally, there are professional doctorates like the MD (Medical Doctor), and the JD (Juris Doctor). Before pursuing a doctorate, candidates must have already earned a bachelor's degree and in some cases a master’s depending on the program. Due to the nature of specialization, PhD programs tend to be smaller than master’s programs.

PhD candidates begin by taking courses and exams. They go on to take advanced seminars and complete their requirements by researching, writing, and defending a dissertation. A dissertation is one of the central components of earning the PhD and is a doctoral-level thesis about the candidate’s original research.

A doctorate degree may take up to eight years to earn depending on the program, whether the candidate has already completed a master’s degree (or is coming straight from undergrad), and the amount of time it takes to complete the dissertation.

Dual-degree programs (or joint master’s and PhD programs)

If you decide both degree programs sound right for you, there are some programs that offer the option to pursue both degrees at the same time. A dual degree program allows you to double count your earned credits towards the completion of both degrees. You can find more information here .

How to decide which degree is right for you?

Figuring out whether to pursue a master's or PhD will depend on your career field and educational goals. You can learn more about requirements in your field by doing some research or your own as well as networking with colleagues. Reaching out to a mentor in the field or alumni from your preferred program can also help you navigate graduate school decisions. Additionally, speaking with admissions staff at graduate schools can help provide insight into the kinds of graduate programming available. 

It can be tricky to offer general guidance on graduate programs since so much is dependent on the field of study. That said, we wanted to offer examples of how master’s and doctorate degrees can set you up for success. We've selected social work and business as fields to illustrate this:

Social Work

If you want to go to graduate school to study social work, you can study at the master’s level or the PhD level. To determine what is best for you, consider what role you’d like to play in the field of social work. If you’d like to be a social welfare direct service provider or government agency administrator, a master’s program may be most appropriate.

If you’d like to become a faculty member at a post-secondary institution, a social welfare research scholar, or a social welfare policy analyst, a Ph.D. program will be a better fit. Outside of academic settings—where a doctorate is required for most faculty positions—a master’s combined with practical work experience may provide ample preparation for a career as a researcher, policy analyst, or mid-level manager.

For business administration, you have the option of a Master’s of Business Administration (MBA), or a Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA). If your long term goal is to take on a leadership role in a nonprofit or business enterprise, the MBA (or nonprofit management degree) may be best. If instead, you’re interested in a career in academia teaching and researching on business practices, the DBA will be the better option.

Knowing your professional goals will help guide your choices for graduate study. Certain career paths, such as becoming a public defender or a medical doctor, are more clearly marked with the necessary steps, including the required educational level and graduate degree. Other career paths are less regimented and therefore require more investigation and consideration of what is right for you. Thoroughly researching your field of interest and having a strong understanding of the skills and knowledge you want and need from your graduate education will inform which degree options make the most sense for your goals.

Planning on returning to school? Attend an Idealist Grad School Fair this fall to connect directly with admissions reps at the world's top social-impact programs.

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PhD And Postdoc: Which Path Is Right For You?

PhD and postdoc: Is the grind worth the glory? Learn the key differences between them and decide your path.

Choosing the best path for your career aspirations and intellectual passions is often the most challenging part of embarking on advanced academic journeys. The pursuit of a PhD and the completion of postdoctoral research are two significant milestones in this journey. Educational, research, or industrial careers each offer their challenges and opportunities. It is important to weigh the pros and cons carefully when making a decision. Ultimately, it is important to choose what best fits your long-term career goals. In this blog, we will explore this topic in detail!

Understanding The PhD Journey

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most fields of study. This program is primarily designed to prepare individuals for conducting original research and contributing to their field of study. A PhD program aims to develop advanced research skills, critical thinking, and expertise in a specific field.

Also read: Master’s vs PhD: Which Degree Is The Right One for You?

Typical Duration And Structure

Depending on the field of study, the country, and the student’s progress, PhD programs typically last three to seven years. PhD programs generally include the following stages:

• Coursework: During the initial phase, students take advanced courses relevant to their field of study to build a strong theoretical foundation.
• Comprehensive Exams: Students usually take comprehensive exams after completing coursework to demonstrate mastery of the subject matter and readiness for independent study.
• Dissertation Research: Under the guidance of a faculty advisor, PhD students conduct original research for their dissertations. A research question is formulated, experiments are conducted, and data is gathered during this phase.
• Dissertation Writing and Defense: The final step is to write a dissertation that presents the research findings in detail and discusses their significance. Students present their work to a committee of experts and answer questions to demonstrate their expertise during a formal defense.

The Role of a PhD in Academic and Professional Careers

A PhD opens up numerous career opportunities in academia, research, and many other fields. PhDs are a prerequisite for faculty positions in academia, enabling individuals to teach and conduct research at the university level. A PhD holder can also find employment in research institutions, government agencies, and private industry, where their expertise is highly valued.

Also read: Doctoral Degrees In The Digital Age: Can You Get A PhD Online?

PhD graduates advance knowledge, solve complex problems, and drive innovation in their fields. Their rigorous training equips them with analytical and problem-solving skills that are useful in a wide range of careers, including consulting, policymaking, and specialized technical work.

The Postdoctoral Experience

The postdoctoral position, also known as a postdoc, is usually a transitional stage in an academic or professional career, usually after completing a PhD. A postdoctoral position provides early-career researchers with an opportunity to deepen their expertise, gain additional research experience, and enhance their professional abilities. Postdoctoral positions also provide an opportunity to develop their teaching and mentoring skills, as well as to build professional networks. They often provide a platform for researchers to become more competitive for jobs in academia and industry.

Related article: Academic Career – Make a Living Out of Learning

Typical Duration And Expectations

Generally, postdoctoral positions last between two and five years, but they can vary depending on the field of study, the funding available, and the specific goals of the research project. Research, publication, and academic participation are all expected during the postdoctoral period.

Aspects to consider

• Postdocs are expected to conduct independent research, often building on their PhD studies. Research in this field is typically more advanced and specialized, leading to significant advances.
• Publication in reputable journals is a crucial aspect of a postdoc. Accreditation and visibility within the academic community depend on publishing.
• For postdocs, grant writing is an essential skill. Grant proposals help sustain research projects and can lead to future career opportunities.
• Postdocs often mentor graduate students and sometimes undergraduate students in their research. Leadership and teaching skills can be developed through this experience.

The Role of a Postdoc in Academic and Professional Careers

In order to become an independent researcher or academic professional, postdoctoral positions play a crucial role. A successful postdoc can lead to faculty positions, tenure-track positions, or other permanent research positions in academia. A postdoc’s advanced skills and experience can lead to research-intensive positions in industry, government, and nonprofits.

PhD and Postdoc: What’s Good and What’s Bad

Advantages of pursuing a phd.

• PhDs allow you to specialize in a particular field. Your original research will contribute to new knowledge in your field, setting you apart from your peers.
• PhDs can open the door to a variety of academic positions, including tenure-track professorships and government or industry research positions. Additionally, it enhances your qualifications for leadership positions.
• PhDs are intellectually rewarding for many. A sense of accomplishment and purpose can be gained from deep investigation and discovery.

Disadvantages of Pursuing a PhD

• A PhD can take 4-7 years to complete, requiring dedication, perseverance, and sustained effort. In addition to rigorous exams, extensive research, and publishing pressure, the journey is often filled with obstacles.
• There is a possibility that PhD stipends and funding will be modest, and the prolonged period of study may delay entry into higher-paying positions. Many students are concerned about the financial burden.
• As a result, there are more PhD graduates than positions available on the academic job market. It can be challenging and uncertain to secure a tenure-track position or a desirable industry job.

Advantages of Pursuing a Postdoc

• Postdoctoral positions allow you to expand your research portfolio and deepen your expertise. You can develop new skills, explore new research areas, and build a more robust academic profile.
• It is common for postdocs to work in highly collaborative environments, allowing them to establish connections with leading researchers and institutions. Collaborations and career opportunities can be enhanced through these networks.
• It is possible to secure competitive academic positions, research grants, and industry roles after completing a postdoc. Managing projects and conducting independent research are demonstrated here.

Disadvantages of Pursuing a Postdoc

• Compared to permanent academic or industry roles, postdoctoral positions are typically temporary and last for 2-3 years. Expertise may not be rewarded financially.
• It remains highly competitive to obtain a permanent academic position after completing a postdoctoral fellowship. Many postdocs face extended periods of uncertainty due to a tight job market for tenure-track positions.
• In postdoctoral research, long hours and high levels of dedication are often required. There is a risk of burnout when balancing professional and personal commitments.

Balancing the Pros and Cons

It’s important to weigh these pros and cons against your personal goals, interests, and circumstances before choosing between a PhD or postdoc. Think about the long-term impact on your career, financial stability, and general well-being. If you want to make an informed decision that aligns with your aspirations, you should consult mentors, peers, and professionals in your field.

Key Differences Between PhD and Postdoc

Focus and independence.

Research focus and independence are two of the main differences between a PhD and a postdoc. A PhD program involves guided research under the supervision of a mentor or advisor. As a result of this guidance, PhD candidates gain research skills, formulate hypotheses, and learn how to navigate the complexities of their fields of study. Postdoctoral researchers, however, are expected to conduct independent research. Although they may still work under a principal investigator (PI), they have significant autonomy to pursue their own research ideas.

Responsibilities

There is also a significant difference in the responsibilities associated with each academic stage. Typically, PhD students balance coursework and research, completing required classes, passing comprehensive exams, and working on their dissertations. Teaching assistantships are also common among PhD students. Postdoctoral researchers, on the other hand, focus primarily on advanced research. They are often responsible for publishing their findings, applying for research grants, and mentoring PhD students or junior researchers. Developing a strong research portfolio and establishing a reputation in the academic community is crucial at this stage.

Career Stage

PhDs and postdocs represent distinctly different stages of a scientist’s career. Generally, PhD students are early-stage researchers acquiring the foundational knowledge and skills they need to conduct independent research. When you complete a PhD, you are ready to contribute original research to the field. In contrast, postdoctoral fellows are early-career academics or professionals who have already earned their PhDs. In this stage, they are consolidating their expertise and preparing for permanent positions in academia, industry, or other research-oriented fields.

Funding and Financial Aspects

It is also important to note that the financial aspects of pursuing a PhD versus a postdoc differ as well. To support their studies and research, PhD students usually receive stipends and scholarships. Tuition waivers, living stipends, and health insurance are part of these packages, but they are usually modest and require additional funding through teaching and research assistantships. In contrast, postdoctoral researchers usually receive funding from research grants, fellowships, or institutions. In contrast to permanent academic or industry positions, postdoctoral salaries are often modest, even when compared to PhD stipends. A successful grant application and proposal can help a postdoc secure funding.

Personal and Professional Considerations

The decision between a PhD and a postdoctoral position requires careful consideration of your professional and personal goals. You should consider the following factors when making your decision:

Aligning Your Career Goals with the Right Path

Take a moment to reflect on your career aspirations over the long term. Would you like to work in academia, conducting groundbreaking research and teaching the next generation of scholars? Would you rather work in an industry, where your expertise can be applied to practical problems and innovation? You can determine whether a PhD or postdoc is the right path for you by understanding your ultimate career goals.

Evaluating Personal Interests and Long-term Objectives

Think about what excites you most about your field. A PhD allows you to delve deep into a specific topic, contributing original knowledge to your field. PhDs may be the right choice if you are passionate about discovering new insights and advancing your field. In contrast, if you are eager to refine your skills, gain additional research experience, and collaborate with leading experts, a postdoc may offer the ideal setting.

Considering Work-life Balance and Financial Stability

Postdoctoral positions and PhD programs can be demanding, often requiring long hours and dedication. Your personal life and overall well-being should be considered when evaluating these commitments. Lastly, keep in mind the financial aspect: PhD stipends vary widely, and postdoctoral salaries are generally higher, but may not meet industry standards. Examine the compensation offered by each path in light of your financial needs.

Seeking Advice from Mentors and Professionals in the Field

This is not a decision you should make on your own. Consult mentors, professors, and professionals who have walked these paths before. They can offer valuable insights into the realities of pursuing a PhD or postdoctoral position. To gather a wide range of opinions and advice, attend academic conferences, join relevant professional networks, and participate in discussions. Networking and mentorship can play crucial roles in helping you make informed decisions.

When you carefully consider these factors, you can align your choices with your personal preferences and professional ambitions, making it easier to succeed in your academic or professional endeavors.

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About Aayushi Zaveri

Aayushi Zaveri majored in biotechnology engineering. She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Bioentrepreneurship from Karolinska Institute. She is interested in health and diseases, global health, socioeconomic development, and women's health. As a science enthusiast, she is keen in learning more about the scientific world and wants to play a part in making a difference.

Content tags

A breaking hero emerges: Meet Australia's Raygun

An australian professor had some breaking moves, and people had thoughts., by nbc staff • published august 9, 2024 • updated on august 9, 2024 at 3:19 pm.

As Dr. Rachel Gunn, she's a 36-year-old lecturer at Macquarie University in Australia . She holds a PhD in cultural science. She researches and lectures on the cultural politics of breaking .

As Raygun, she's an Olympian breaker, competing for Australia.

Raygun lost all three of her matches, against B-Girls named Nicka, Syssy and Logistx. Yes, that sentence is accurate.

24/7 New York news stream: Watch NBC 4 free wherever you are

But Raygun had some moves. And people had some thoughts.

What my nephew does after telling all of us to “watch this” pic.twitter.com/366LjIRl4j — Liz Charboneau (@lizchar) August 9, 2024

There has not been an Olympic performance this dominant since Usain Bolt’s 100m sprint at Beijing in 2008. Honestly, the moment Raygun broke out her Kangaroo move this competition was over! Give her the #breakdancing gold 🥇 pic.twitter.com/6q8qAft1BX — Trapper Haskins (@TrapperHaskins) August 9, 2024

329 medal events. 32 sports. Endless drama. Catch all the action at the Paris Olympics. Sign up for our free Olympics Headlines newsletter.

All I can think about when I see this is the hip hop dance teacher from Bob’s Burgers but if instead she was from Australia and was a 36 year old woman named Raygun https://t.co/nUwYVLnrms pic.twitter.com/Wl5FResHw7 — Shereef Sakr (@ShereefKeef) August 9, 2024

Paris 2024 Summer Olympics

Watch all the action from the Paris Olympics live on NBC

Live updates: US women's soccer, men's basketball chasing gold in penultimate Olympics Day 15

US to play Brazil in women's soccer gold medal match: What to know and how to watch

when Raygun hit the kangaroo jawn I couldn't see the screen I was crying so hard pic.twitter.com/jcICfTu11d — Bradford Pearson (@BradfordPearson) August 9, 2024

I think I found the source of inspiration for the Raygun breakdance at the Olympics. https://t.co/t94Iyu1dPZ pic.twitter.com/a7DL9etwRz — Noodson (@noodson) August 9, 2024

Raygun was like pic.twitter.com/KvXVPVGScx — Charles J. Moore (@charles270) August 9, 2024

Raygun did THE SPRINKLER at this breakdance thing, this is the worst thing Australia has ever done. — Luis Paez-Pumar (@lppny) August 9, 2024

This article tagged under:

William G. Nelson V , MD , PhD , DSc

Medical oncology.

• Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Faculty

14 Insurances Accepted

Professional titles.

• Director, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
• Marion I. Knott Professor of Oncology

Primary Academic Title

Professor of Oncology

Dr. William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor of urology, medicine, pathology, and radiation oncology and molecular radiation sciences at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

The Marion I. Knott Professor of Oncology, Dr. Nelson is also the Director of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins. He holds a joint appointment in the Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Department of Environmental Health Sciences.

Dr. Nelson is a recognized leader in translational cancer research. He specializes in the treatment and research of prostate cancer.

He and fellow Johns Hopkins colleagues discovered the most common genome alteration in prostate cancer. The discovery led to new diagnostic tests for the disease and has fueled interest in new drug discovery and other treatment options, now ongoing at Hopkins.

Dr. Nelson was one of three co-chairs of the National Cancer Institute’s Translational Research Working Group, which worked to reengineer translational cancer science nationwide. He also has served on scientific advisory boards of several companies working to develop new cancer technologies and treatments. He is a member of the American Association of Cancer Research’s Board of Directors, President of the National Coalition for Cancer Research, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Prostate Cancer Foundation.

At the Kimmel Cancer Center, Dr. Nelson has served as the Associate Director for Translational Research and the Co-Director of the Prostate Cancer Program, and acts in a leadership role for the National Cancer Institute-funded Howard University Cancer Center-Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership Program, dedicated to building cancer research capabilities at Howard and to enhancing minority subject recruitment to cancer-research programs at Johns Hopkins.

Dr. Nelson earned his medical degree and completed doctoral training at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He completed an internal medicine residency and a medical oncology fellowship at The Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Centers and Institutes

• Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality
• Brady Urological Institute
• Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center

Clinical Trial Keywords

prostate cancer

• William Nelson Discusses Tobacco Funds' Impact on Research

Recent News Articles and Media Coverage

The Future of Personalized Cancer Medicine  (CNN video)

Interview with William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D  (American Association for Cancer Research video)

Epigenetics: A Symphony of Discovery | Science: Out of the Box

Additional Academic Titles

Professor of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, , Professor of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Professor of Pathology, Professor of Medicine, Professor of Urology

Contact for Research Inquiries

Weinberg Building 401 N. Broadway Street Baltimore, MD 21231

Phone: (410) 955-8822 Fax: (410) 955-6787

Research Interests

Cellular defenses against carcinogens, Cellular responses to DNA damage, DNA methylation and epigenetic gene silencing, Drug development, Inflammation and prostatic carcinogenesis, Prostate cancer, Urologic cancers

Lab Website

• Normal and neoplastic cells respond to genome integrity threats in a variety of different ways. Furthermore, the nature of these responses are critical both for cancer pathogenesis and for cancer treatment. DNA damaging agents activate several signal transduction pathways in damaged cells which trigger cell fate decisions such as proliferation, genomic repair, differentiation, and cell death. For normal cells, failure of a DNA damaging agent (i.e., a carcinogen) to activate processes culminating in DNA repair or in cell death might promote neoplastic transformation. For cancer cells, failure of a DNA damaging agent (i.e., an antineoplastic drug) to promote differentiation or cell death might undermine cancer treatment. Our laboratory has discovered the most common known somatic genome alteration in human prostatic carcinoma cells. The DNA lesion, hypermethylation of deoxycytidine nucleotides in the promoter of a carcinogen-defense enzyme gene, appears to result in inactivation of the gene and a resultant increased vulnerability of prostatic cells to carcinogens. Studies underway in the laboratory have been directed at characterizing the genomic abnormality further, and at developing methods to restore expression of epigenetically silenced genes and/or to augment expression of other carcinogen-defense enzymes in prostate cells as prostate cancer prevention strategies. Another major interest pursued in the laboratory is the role of chronic or recurrent inflammation as a cause of prostate cancer. Genetic studies of familial prostate cancer have identified defects in genes regulating host inflammatory responses to infections. A newly described prostate lesion, proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), appears to be an early prostate cancer precursor. Current experimental approaches feature induction of chronic prostate inflammation in laboratory mice and rats, and monitoring the consequences on the development of PIA and prostate cancer.

Research Summary

Normal and neoplastic cells respond to genome integrity threats in different ways, and the nature of these responses is critical for both cancer pathogenesis and cancer treatment.

DNA-damaging agents activate several signal-transduction pathways in damaged cells, which trigger cell-fate decisions such as proliferation, genomic repair, differentiation and death.

In normal cells, failure of a DNA-damaging agent (i.e., a carcinogen) to activate processes culminating in DNA repair or cell death might promote neoplastic transformation. In cancer cells, failure of a DNA-damaging agent (i.e., an antineoplastic drug) to promote differentiation or cell death might undermine cancer treatment.

Dr. Nelson’s laboratory has discovered the most common known somatic genome alteration in human prostatic carcinoma cells. The DNA lesion—hypermethylation of deoxycytidine nucleotides in the promoter of a carcinogen-defense enzyme gene—appears to inactivate the gene, making prostatic cells more vulnerable to carcinogens.

Current studies are directed at further characterizing the genomic abnormality and developing methods to restore expression of epigenetically silenced genes and/or to augment expression of other carcinogen-defense enzymes in prostate cells as prostate cancer prevention strategies.

Another major research interest is the role of chronic or recurrent inflammation as a cause of prostate cancer. Genetic studies of familial prostate cancer have identified defects in genes regulating host inflammatory responses to infections.

A newly described prostate lesion—proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) – appears to be an early prostate cancer precursor. Current experimental approaches feature induction of chronic prostate inflammation in animal models, and monitoring the consequences on the development of PIA and prostate cancer.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&term=Nelson%20WG

Selected Publications

De Marzo AM, Nelson WG , Bieberich CJ, Yegnasubramanian S, "Prostate cancer: New answers prompt new questions regarding cell of origin." Nat Rev Urol . 2010 Dec;7(12):650-652.

Haffner MC, Aryee MJ, Toubaji A, Esopi DM, Albadine R, Gurel B, Isaacs WB, Bova GS, Liu W, Xu J, Meeker AK, Netto G, De Marzo AM, Nelson WG , Yegnasubramanian S. "Androgen-induced TOP2B-mediated double-strand breaks and prostate cancer gene rearrangements." Nat Genet . 2010 Aug;42(8):668-675.

Iwata T, Schultz D, Hicks J, Hubbard GK, Mutton LN, Lotan TL, Bethel C, Lotz MT, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG , Dang CV, Xu M, Anele U, Koh CM, Bieberich CJ, De Marzo AM. "MYC overexpression induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and loss of Nkx3.1 in mouse luminal epithelial cells." PLoS One . 2010;5(2):e9427.

Lin J, Haffner MC, Zhang Y, Lee BH, Brennen WN, Britton J, Kachhap SK, Shim JS, Liu JO, Nelson WG , Yegnasubramanian S, Carducci MA. "Disulfiram is a DNA demethylating agent and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth." Prostate . 2011 Mar 1;71(4):333-343.

Menke A, Guallar E, Rohrmann S, Nelson WG , Rifai N, Kanarek N, Feinleib M, Michos ED, Dobs A, Platz EA, "Sex steroid hormone concentrations and risk of death in US men." Am J Epidemiol . 2010 Mar 1;171(5):583-592.

• American Academy of Physicians, 1/1/14
• Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Director's Award for Education, 1/1/04
• Parkway School District Hall of Fame Inductee, 1/1/04
• Sandoz Award for Outstanding Research in Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/87
• Warfield T. Longcope Prize for Excellence in Clinical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/87
• Alpha Omega Alpha, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/87
• Henry Strong Denison Award for Medical Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1/1/82
• National Council of Teachers of English Achievement Award in Writing, 1/1/76

Graduate Program Affiliations

Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences ,

Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Memberships

• American Association of Cancer Research
• American Society of Clinical Oncology
• American Society of Microbiology
• Association for the Cure of Cancer of the Prostate (CaP CURE)

Professional Activities

• American Association of Cancer Research, Board of Directors
• American Board of Internal Medicine, Diplomate
• National Coalition for Cancer Research, President
• Prostate Cancer Foundation, Scientific Advisory Board
• The V Foundation for Cancer Research, Scientific Advisory Committee
• 1800 Orleans Street , Baltimore , MD 21287
• phone: 410-955-5000
• fax: 410-955-5001

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

• First Health
• Geisinger Health Plan
• HealthSmart/Accel
• Johns Hopkins Health Plans
• Pennsylvania's Preferred Health Networks (PPHN)
• Point Comfort Underwriters
• Private Healthcare Systems (PHCS)
• UnitedHealthcare
• Veteran Affairs Community Care Network (Optum-VACCN)